View source for Social:Bopomofo

{{short description|Alphabet used for transcribing Mandarin Chinese}}
{{Infobox Writing system
|name=Bopomofo<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hant|注音符號}}}}<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|注音符号}}}}<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|zh-bopo|（ㄅㄆㄇㄈ）}}}}
|type=Semisyllabary
|typedesc=(letters for onsets and rhymes; diacritics for tones)
|fam1=Oracle Bone Script
|fam2=Seal Script
|fam3=Clerical Script
|sisters=Simplified Chinese, [[Social:Kanji|Kanji]], [[Social:Hanja|Hanja]], [[Social:Chữ Nôm|Chữ Nôm]], [[Social:Khitan large script|Khitan script]]
|children=Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols, Suzhou Phonetic Symbols, Hmu Phonetic Symbols
|unicode = {{ublist |class=nowrap |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3100.pdf U+3100–U+312F] {{smaller|Bopomofo}} |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U31A0.pdf U+31A0–U+31BF] {{smaller|Bopomofo Extended}}}}
|iso15924=Bopo
|sample=Zhuyinbaike.svg
|imagesize=250px
|caption={{zh|t=百科全書|labels=no}} 百科全书 (encyclopedia) in Zhuyin Fuhao
|creator=[[Social:Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation|Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation]]<br />Introduced by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China
|time= 1918<ref>{{lang|zh|中國文字改革委員會}} (Committee for the Reform of the Chinese Written Language). {{lang|zh|漢語拼音方案（草案）}} (Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet (Draft)). Beijing. Feb 1956. Page 15. "{{lang|zh|注音字母是1913年拟定，1918年公布的。}}"</ref> to 1958 in mainland China (used in a secondary position to Hanyu Pinyin in all editions of ''Xiandai Hanyu Cidian'' from 1960 to present 2016 edition);<br />1945 to the present in Taiwan
}}
{{Chinese|title=Mandarin Phonetic Symbol|t={{linktext|注音符號}}|s={{linktext|注音符号}}
|bpmf=ㄓㄨˋ　ㄧㄣ　ㄈㄨˊ　ㄏㄠˋ|w=Chu<sup>4</sup>-yin<sup>1</sup> fu<sup>2</sup>-hao<sup>4</sup>|p=zhùyīn fúhào|tp=Jhùyin fúhào|mps=Jùyīn fúhàu|gr=Juh'in fwuhaw
|mi={{IPAc-cmn|zh|u|4|.|yin|1|-|f|u|2|.|h|ao|4}}
|poj=Chù-im hû-hō|tl=Tsù-im hû-hō
|j=Zyu3jam1 Fu4hou2|y=Jyuyām Fùhhóu}}
{{RCL}}

'''Bopomofo''', also called '''Zhuyin''' ({{zh|t={{linktext|注音}}}}) or '''Mandarin Phonetic Symbols''', is the major Chinese transliteration system for [[Social:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] and other related languages and dialects which is nowadays most commonly used in Taiwanese Mandarin. It is also used to transcribe other varieties of Chinese, particularly other varieties of [[Social:Standard Chinese|Standard Chinese]] and related [[Social:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] dialects, as well as Taiwanese Hokkien.

Zhuyin Fuhao and Zhuyin are traditional terms, whereas Bopomofo is the colloquial term, also used by the ISO and [[Unicode]]. Consisting of 37 characters and four [[Social:Tone (linguistics)|tone]] marks, it transcribes all possible sounds in Mandarin. Zhuyin was introduced in China by the Republican Government in the 1910s and used alongside the [[Social:Wade–Giles|Wade–Giles]] system, which used a modified Latin alphabet. The Wade system was replaced by Hanyu Pinyin in 1958 by the Government of the People's Republic of China,<ref>{{cite news |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |date=2008-02-11 |title = Pinyin celebrates 50th birthday |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/news/242463.htm |accessdate = 2008-09-20}}</ref> and at the [[Organization:International Organization for Standardization|International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) in 1982.<ref name="ISO1982">{{cite web|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=13682|title=ISO 7098:1982 – Documentation – Romanization of Chinese |accessdate=2009-03-01}}</ref> Bopomofo is an official transliteration system in Taiwan, being used in ''Guoyu Jianbian Cidian'', ''Guoyu Chongbian Cidian'' and other documents. It is widely used as the main electronic input method for Mandarin Chinese in Taiwan (ROC). Taiwan adopted Hanyu Pinyin as one of the official [[Social:Romanization of Chinese|romanization]] systems for Mandarin Chinese in 2009,<ref>{{cite news |author=Shih Hsiu-Chuan |work=Taipei Times |page=2 |date=18 Sep 2008 |title=Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009 |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/18/2003423528}}</ref> but the system is not commonly used in electronic input.

==Etymology==
The name Bopomofo comes from the first four letters of Zhuyin: ㄅ, ㄆ, ㄇ and ㄈ.<ref>[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/zhuyin.htm "Zhuyin fuhao / Bopomofo (注音符號／ㄅㄆㄇㄈ)"] ''Omniglot''</ref> Meanwhile, Zhuyin ({{zh|t=注音|labels=no}}) literally means phonetic notation.

Similarly to the way that the word "[[Social:Alphabet|alphabet]]" is ultimately derived from the names of the first two letters of the alphabet (alpha and beta), the name "Bopomofo" is derived from the first four syllables in the conventional ordering of available syllables in [[Social:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]]. The four Bopomofo characters ({{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄅㄆㄇㄈ}}) that correspond to these syllables are usually placed first in a list of these characters. The same sequence is sometimes used by other speakers of Chinese to refer to other phonetic systems.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

The original formal name of the system was {{zh|s=|t={{linktext|國音|字母}}|p=Guóyīn Zìmǔ|l=[[Social:Standard Chinese|National Language]] Phonetic Alphabet|labels=no|c=}} and {{zh|s=|t={{linktext|註音|字母}}|p=Zhùyīn Zìmǔ|l=Phonetic Alphabet or Annotated Phonetic Letters|labels=no|c=}}.<ref name=GIO/> It was later renamed {{zh|s=|t={{linktext|注音符號}}|p=Zhùyīn Fúhào|l=phonetic symbols|labels=no|c=}}.

In official documents, Zhuyin is occasionally called "Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I" ({{nobreak|{{lang|zh-hant|國語注音符號第一式}}}}), abbreviated as "MPS I" {{nobreak|({{lang|zh|注音一式}}).}}

In English translations, the system is often also called either ''Chu-in'' or ''the Mandarin Phonetic Symbols''.<ref name=GIO>{{cite web|first=Government Information Office |last=The Republic of China government |url=http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/02PeopleandLanguage.htm |title=Taiwan Yearbook 2006: The People & Languages |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509032222/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/02PeopleandLanguage.htm |archivedate=2007-05-09 }} &#124;Also available at</ref><ref name=headlines>{{cite web |author=Taiwan Headlines |publisher=Government Information Office, Taiwan(ROC) |url=http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=85286&ctNode=10 |title=Taiwan Headlines: Society News: New Taiwanese dictionary unveiled |access-date=2007-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031020342/http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=85286&ctNode=10 |archive-date=2007-10-31 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A [[Social:Romanization of Chinese|romanized]] phonetic system was released in 1984 as [[Social:Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II|Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II]] (MPS II).

== History ==
=== Origins ===

The [[Social:Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation|Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation]], led by Wu Zhihui from 1912 to 1913, created a system called ''Zhuyin Zimu'',<ref name=GIO /> which was based on Zhang Binglin's shorthand. A draft was released on July 11, 1913, by the Republic of China National Ministry of Education, but it was not officially proclaimed until November 23, 1928.<ref name=GIO /> It was later renamed first ''Guoyin Zimu'' and then, in April 1930, ''Zhuyin Fuhao''. The last renaming addressed fears that the alphabetic system might independently replace Chinese characters.<ref>John DeFrancis. ''[[Social:The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy|The Chinese Language]]''. Honolulu, HI, USA: University of Hawaii Press, 1984. p. 242.</ref>

=== Modern use ===
[[File:Left arrow direction sign using bopomofo in Taipei Municipal Dunhua Elementary School 20160804.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Direction sign for children in Taipei including bopomofo]]
Bopomofo is the predominant phonetic system in teaching reading and writing in [[Social:Elementary school|elementary school]] in Taiwan. It is also the most popular way to enter Chinese characters into computers and [[Engineering:Smartphone|smartphone]]s and to look up characters in a dictionary.

In elementary school, particularly in the lower years, Chinese characters in textbooks are often annotated with Bopomofo as [[Ruby character|ruby character]]s as an aid to learning. Additionally, one children's newspaper in Taiwan, the ''Mandarin Daily News'', annotates all articles with Zhuyin ruby characters.

In teaching Mandarin, Taiwan institutions and some overseas communities such as Filipino Chinese use Bopomofo.

Bopomofo is shown in a secondary position to Hanyu Pinyin in all editions of ''Xiandai Hanyu Cidian'' from the 1960 edition to present 2016 edition (7th edition). 

==Origin of symbols==
[[File:Bopomofo.gif|right|thumb|200px|Table showing Zhuyin in [[Social:Gwoyeu Romatzyh|Gwoyeu Romatzyh]]]]
[[File:Bopomofo in Regular, Handwritten Regular & Cursive formats.jpg|thumb|Bopomofo in Regular, Handwritten Regular & Cursive formats]]
The Zhuyin characters were created by Zhang Binglin, taken mainly from "[[Social:Regular script|regularized]]" forms of ancient Chinese characters, the modern readings of which contain the sound that each letter represents. The consonants are listed in order of place of articulation, from the front of the mouth to the back, /b/, /p/, /m/, /f/, /d/, /t/, /n/, /l/ etc.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
|+'''Origin of zhuyin symbols'''
!colspan=6|Consonants
|-
!Zhuyin!!width=500|Origin{{Citation needed|reason=|date=May 2018}}!![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!![[Pinyin]]!![[Social:Wade–Giles|WG]]!!width=100|Example
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄅ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh-Hant|{{linktext|勹}}}}, the ancient form and current top portion of {{lang|zh-Hani|{{linktext|包}}}} ''bāo'', "to wrap up; package"
|{{IPA link|p}}||b||p||{{lang|zh|包}} bāo<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄅㄠ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄆ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh-Hant|{{linktext|攵}}}}, a variant form of {{lang|zh-Hant|{{linktext|攴}}}} ''pū'', "to knock lightly".
|{{IPA link|pʰ}}||p||pʻ||{{lang|zh|撲}} pū<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄆㄨ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄇ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|{{linktext|冂}}}}, the archaic character and current "cover" [[Social:Radical (Chinese characters)|radical]] {{lang|zh|冖}} ''mì.''
|{{IPA link|m}}||m||m||{{lang|zh|冞}} mí<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄇㄧˊ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄈ}}||align=left|From "right open box" [[Social:Radical (Chinese characters)|radical]] {{lang|zh|{{linktext|匚}}}} ''fāng.''
|{{IPA link|f}}||f||f||匪 fěi<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄈㄟˇ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄉ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh-Hani|{{linktext|𠚣}}}}, archaic form of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|刀}}}} ''dāo''. Compare the ''Shuowen'' seal [[File:刀-seal.svg|22px]].
|{{IPA link|t}}||d||t||{{lang|zh|地}} dì<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄉㄧˋ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄊ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh-Hant|{{linktext|ㄊ}}}} ''tū'', an upside-down form of {{lang|zh-Hant|子}} ''zǐ'' and an ancient form of {{Lang|zh-hant|突}} ''tū'' ([[File:Shuowen Seal Radical 528.svg|22px]] and 22px in [[Social:Seal script|seal script]])<ref>Wenlin dictionary, entry {{lang|zh|𠫓}}.</ref><ref>KangXi: page 164, character 1<nowiki/>http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/0164.gif</ref>
|{{IPA link|tʰ}}||t||tʻ||{{lang|zh|提}} tí<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄊㄧˊ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄋ}}
|align=left|From [[File:乃-seal.svg|22px]]/{{lang|zh-Hani|{{linktext|𠄎}}}}, ancient form of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|乃}}}} ''nǎi'' (be)
|{{IPA link|n}}||n||n||{{lang|zh|你}} nǐ<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄋㄧˇ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄌ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh-Hant|{{linktext|𠠲}}}}, archaic form of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|力}}}} ''lì''
|{{IPA link|l}}||l||l||{{lang|zh|利}} lì<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄌㄧˋ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄍ}}
|align=left|From the obsolete character {{lang|zh|{{linktext|巜}}}} ''guì/kuài'' "river"
|{{IPA link|k}}||g||k||{{lang|zh|告}} gào<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄍㄠˋ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄎ}}
|align=left|From the archaic character, now "breath" or "sigh" component {{lang|zh|{{linktext|丂}}}} ''kǎo''
|{{IPA link|kʰ}}||k||kʻ||{{lang|zh|考}} kǎo<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄎㄠˇ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄏ}}
|align=left|From the archaic character and current radical {{lang|zh|{{linktext|厂}}}} ''hǎn''
|{{IPA link|x}}||h||h||{{lang|zh|好}} hǎo<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄏㄠˇ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄐ}}
|align=left|From the archaic character {{lang|zh|{{linktext|丩}}}} ''jiū''
|{{IPA link|tɕ}}||j||ch||{{lang|zh|叫}} jiào<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄐㄧㄠˋ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄑ}}
|align=left|From the archaic character {{lang|zh|{{linktext|𡿨}}}} ''quǎn'', graphic root of the character {{lang|zh-Hant|{{linktext|巛}}}} ''chuān'' (modern {{lang|zh-Hani|{{linktext|川}}}})
|{{IPA link|tɕʰ}}||q||chʻ||{{lang|zh|巧}} qiǎo<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄑㄧㄠˇ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄒ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|{{linktext|丅}}}}, an ancient form of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|下}}}} ''xià''.
|{{IPA link|ɕ}}||x||hs||{{lang|zh|小}} xiǎo<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄒㄧㄠˇ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄓ}}
|align=left|From [[File:之-seal.svg|22px]]/{{lang|zh|{{linktext|𡳿}}}}, archaic form of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|之}}}} ''zhī''.
|{{IPA link|ʈʂ}}||zhi, zh-||ch||{{lang|zh|知}} zhī<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄓ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|主}} zhǔ<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄓㄨˇ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄔ}}
|align=left|From the character and radical {{lang|zh-Hant|{{linktext|彳}}}} ''chì''
|{{IPA link|ʈʂʰ}}||chi, ch-||chʻ||{{lang|zh|吃}} chī<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄔ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|出}} chū<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄔㄨ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|{{linktext|𡰣}}}}, an ancient form of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|尸}}}} ''shī''
|{{IPA link|ʂ}}||shi, sh-||sh||{{lang|zh|是}} shì<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕˋ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|束}} shù<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕㄨˋ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄖ}}
|align=left|Modified from the seal script [[File:日-seal.svg|22px]] form of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|日}}}} ''rì'' (day/sun)
|{{IPA link|ɻ}}~{{IPA link|ʐ}}||ri, r-||j||{{lang|zh|日}} rì<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄖˋ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|入}} rù<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄖㄨˋ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄗ}}
|align=left|From the archaic character and current radical {{lang|zh|{{linktext|卩}}}} ''jié'', dialectically ''zié'' ([{{IPA|tsjě}}]; {{Zh-no-labels|w=tsieh²}} in Wade–Giles)
|{{IPA link|ts}}||zi, z-||ts||{{lang|zh|字}} zì<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄗˋ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|在}} zài<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄗㄞˋ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄘ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|{{linktext|𠀁}}}}, archaic form of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|七}}}} ''qī'', dialectically ''ciī'' ([{{IPA|tsʰí}}]; ''tsʻi¹'' in Wade–Giles). Compare semi-cursive form [[File:Qi1 seven semicursive.png]] and seal-script [[File:七-seal.svg|22px]].
|{{IPA link|tsʰ}}||ci, c-||tsʻ||{{lang|zh|詞}} cí<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄘˊ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|才}} cái<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄘㄞˊ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄙ}}
|align=left|From the archaic character {{lang|zh|{{linktext|厶}}}} ''sī'', which was later replaced by its compound {{lang|zh|{{linktext|私}}}} {{Lang|zh-Latn-pinyin|sī}}.
|{{IPA link|s}}||si, s-||s||{{lang|zh|四}} sì<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄙˋ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|塞}} sāi<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄙㄞ}}}}
|-
!colspan=6|Rhymes and medials
|-
!Zhuyin!!width=500|Origin!![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!![[Pinyin]]!![[Social:Wade–Giles|WG]]!!Example
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄚ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|丫}} ''yā''
|{{IPA link|a}}||a||a||{{lang|zh|大}} dà<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄉㄚˋ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄛ}}
|align=left|From the obsolete character {{lang|zh|𠀀}} ''hē'', inhalation, the reverse of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|丂}}}} ''kǎo'', which is preserved as a phonetic in the compound {{lang|zh|{{linktext|可}}}} ''kě''.<ref name=u20000>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=20000 |title=Unihan data for U+20000 }}</ref>
|{{IPA link|o}}||o||o||{{lang|zh|多}} duō<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄉㄨㄛ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo-TW|{{linktext|ㄜ}}}}
|align=left|Derived from its allophone in Standard Chinese, {{lang|zh|{{linktext|ㄛ}}}} ''o''
|{{IPA link|ɤ}}||e||o/ê||{{lang|zh|得}} dé<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄉㄜˊ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄝ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|{{linktext|也}}}} ''yě'' (also). Compare the Warring States bamboo form [[File:Ye3 also chu3jian3 warring state of chu3 small.png]]
|{{IPA link|e}}||ê||eh||{{lang|zh|爹}} diē<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄉㄧㄝ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄞ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|𠀅}} ''hài'', archaic form of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|亥}}}}.
|{{IPA|ai}}||ai||ai||{{lang|zh|晒}} shài<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕㄞˋ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄟ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|{{linktext|乁}}}} ''yí'', an obsolete character meaning {{lang|zh|{{linktext|移}}}} ''yí'' "to move".
|{{IPA|ei}}||ei||ei||{{lang|zh|誰}} shéi<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕㄟˊ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄠ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|{{linktext|幺}}}} ''yāo''
|{{IPA|au}}||ao||ao||{{lang|zh|少}} shǎo<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕㄠˇ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄡ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|又}} ''yòu''
|{{IPA|ou}}||ou||ou||{{lang|zh|收}} shōu<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕㄡ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄢ}}
|align=left|From the archaic character {{lang|zh|𢎘}} ''hàn'' "to bloom", preserved as a phonetic in the compound {{lang|zh|犯}} ''fàn''
|{{IPA|an}}||an||an||{{lang|zh|山}} shān<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕㄢ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄣ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|𠃉}}, archaic variant of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|鳦}}}} ''yǐ'' or {{lang|zh|乚}} ''yà''<ref>Wenlin dictionary, entry {{lang|zh|𠃉}}.</ref> ({{lang|zh|乚}} is ''yǐn'' according to other sources<ref name=u4E5A>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=4E5A |title=Unihan data for U+4E5A }}</ref>)
|{{IPA|ən}}||en||ên||{{lang|zh|申}} shēn<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕㄣ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄤ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|尢}} ''wāng''
|{{IPA|aŋ}}||ang||ang||{{lang|zh|上}} shàng<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕㄤˋ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄥ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|{{linktext|𠃋}}}}, archaic form of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|肱}}}} ''gōng''<ref>Wenlin dictionary, entry {{lang|zh|𠃋}}.</ref>
|{{IPA|əŋ}}||eng||êng||{{lang|zh|生}} shēng<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕㄥ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄦ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh-Hans|{{linktext|儿}}}}, the bottom portion of {{lang|zh-Hant|{{linktext|兒}}}} ''ér'' used as a cursive and simplified form
|{{IPA|aɚ}}||er||êrh||{{lang|zh|而}} ér<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄦˊ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|一}} ''yī'' (one)
|{{IPA link|i}}||yi, -i||i||{{lang|zh|以}} yǐ<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧˇ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|逆}} nì<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄋㄧˋ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨ}}
|align=left|From {{lang|zh|{{linktext|㐅}}}}, ancient form of {{lang|zh|{{linktext|五}}}} ''wǔ'' (five). Compare the transitory form {{lang|zh|𠄡}}.
|{{IPA link|u}}||w, wu, -u||u/w||{{lang|zh|努}} nǔ<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄋㄨˇ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|我}} wǒ<br/>ㄨㄛˇ 
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩ}}
|align=left|From the ancient character {{lang|zh|{{linktext|凵}}}} ''qū'', which remains as a radical
|{{IPA link|y}}||yu, -ü ||ü/yü||{{lang|zh|雨}} yǔ<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩˇ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|女}} nǚ<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄋㄩˇ}}}}
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄭ}}<br/>[[File:MoeKai Bopomofo U+312D.svg|15px]]
|align=left|From the character {{lang|zh|{{linktext|帀}}}}. It represents the minimal vowel of {{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄓ，ㄔ，ㄕ，ㄖ，ㄗ，ㄘ，ㄙ，}} though it is not used after them in transcription.<ref>Michael Everson, H. W. Ho, Andrew West, "[http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/Docs/n3179.pdf Proposal to encode one Bopomofo character in the UCS]", SC2 WG2 N3179.</ref>
|{{IPA link|ɻ|ɻ̩}}~{{IPA link|ʐ|ʐ̩}}, {{IPA link|ɹ|ɹ̩}}~{{IPA link|z|z̩}}||-i||ih/ŭ||{{lang|zh|資}} zī<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄗ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|知}} zhī<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄓ}}}};<br/>{{lang|zh|死}} sǐ<br/>{{nobreak|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄙˇ}}}}
|}

== Writing ==

===Stroke order===
Zhuyin is written in the same [[Social:Stroke order|stroke order]] rule as Chinese characters. Note that {{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄖ}} is written with three strokes, unlike the character from which it is derived ({{zh|c=日|p=rì}}), which has four strokes.

{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧ}} can be written as a vertical line ([[Image:bpmf-i2.svg|16px]]) or a horizontal line ([[Image:bpmf-i.svg|16px]]); both are accepted forms. Traditionally, it should be written as a horizontal line in vertical writing, and a vertical line in horizontal writing. The Republic of China almost exclusively uses horizontal writing, so the vertical form has become the standard form there.{{contradiction|date=July 2020}} Language education in Taiwan generally uses vertical writing, so most people learn it as a horizontal line, and use a horizontal form even in horizontal writing. In 2008, the Taiwanese Ministry of Education decided that the primary form should always be the horizontal form, but that the vertical form is accepted alternative.<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14189-bopomofo-letter-l-moe.pdf Unicode document L2/14-189]</ref> Unicode 8.0.0 published an errata in 2014 that updates the representative glyph to be the horizontal form.<ref>Unicode Consortium, "[http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/erratafixed.html Errata Fixed in Unicode 8.0.0]"</ref> Computer fonts may only display one form or the other, or may be able to display both if the font is aware of changes needed for vertical writing.
<gallery widths="80" heights="40">
File:ㄅ-bw.png
File:ㄆ-bw.png
File:ㄇ-bw.png
File:ㄈ-bw.png
File:ㄉ-bw.png
File:ㄊ-bw.png
File:ㄋ-bw.png
File:ㄌ-bw.png
File:ㄍ-bw.png
File:ㄎ-bw.png
File:ㄏ-bw.png
File:ㄐ-bw.png
File:ㄑ-bw.png
File:ㄒ-bw.png
File:ㄓ-bw.png
File:ㄔ-bw.png
File:ㄕ-bw.png
File:ㄖ-bw.png
File:ㄗ-bw.png
File:ㄘ-bw.png
File:ㄙ-bw.png
File:ㄧ-bw.png
File:ㄨ-bw.png
File:ㄩ-bw.png
File:ㄚ-bw.png
File:ㄛ-bw.png
File:ㄜ-bw.png
File:ㄝ-bw.png
File:ㄞ-bw.png
File:ㄟ-bw.png
File:ㄠ-bw.png
File:ㄡ-bw.png
File:ㄢ-bw.png
File:ㄣ-bw.png
File:ㄤ-bw.png
File:ㄥ-bw.png
File:ㄦ-bw.png
</gallery>

=== Tonal marks ===

As shown in the following table, tone marks for the second, third, and fourth tones are shared between bopomofo and [[Pinyin#Tones|pinyin]]. In bopomofo, the first tone mark is usually omitted but can be included<ref name="bopomofo2017">{{cite web|url=https://language.moe.gov.tw/001/Upload/files/site_content/M0001/juyin/html_ch/index.html#page02|script-title=zh:國語注音手冊|language=zh-tw|pages=2,7|quote={{lang|zh-tw|韻符「ㄭ」，陰平調號「」，注音時省略不標{...}陰平 以一短橫代表高平之聲調，注音時可省略不標。標注在字音最後一個符號右上角。}}|editor=Department of Lifelong Education, Ministry of Education {{lang|zh-tw|教育部終身教育司}}|publisher={{w|Ministry of Education (Taiwan)|Ministry of Education}}; Digital version: Wanderer Digital Publishing Inc. {{lang|zh-tw|汪達數位出版股份有限公司}}|date=January 2017|ISBN=978-986-051-481-0}}</ref><ref name="bopomofo2017en">{{cite web|url=https://language.moe.gov.tw/001/Upload/files/SITE_CONTENT/M0001/deploy/html_en/index.html|title=The Manual of the Phonetic Symbols of Mandarin Chinese|editor=Department of Lifelong Education, Ministry of Education {{lang|zh-tw|教育部終身教育司}}|language=en,zh-tw|publisher={{w|Ministry of Education (Taiwan)|Ministry of Education}}; Digital version: Wanderer Digital Publishing Inc. {{lang|zh-tw|汪達數位出版股份有限公司}}|pages=2,7|date=January 2017|ISBN=978-986-051-869-6|quote=the rhyme symbol,“ㄭ”, and the mark of Yin-ping tone, “”, would be left out on Bopomofo notes.{...}1st tone This high and level tone can be noted as a short dash mark and could be left out in Bopomofo note. This tone should be left out.}}</ref> while a dot above indicates the fifth tone (also known as the neutral tone). In pinyin, a macron (overbar) indicates the first tone and the lack of a marker usually indicates the fifth (light) tone.

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom;" | [[Social:Tone number|Tone]]
! colspan="2" | Bopomofo
! colspan="2" | [[Pinyin]]
|-
! Tone Marker
! [[Unicode]] Name
! Tone Marker
! Unicode Name
|-
! 1
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;" | {{IPA|ˉ}}
| Modifier Letter Macron<br><small>(usually omitted)<ref name="bopomofo2017"/><ref name="bopomofo2017en"/></small>
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;" | {{IPA|◌̄}}
| Combining Macron
|-
! 2
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;" | {{lang|zh-Bopo|ˊ}}
| Modifier Letter Acute Accent
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;" | {{IPA|◌́}}
| Combining Acute Accent
|-
! 3
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;" | {{lang|zh-Bopo|ˇ}}
| Caron
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;" | {{IPA|◌̌}}
| Combining Caron
|-
! 4
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;" | {{lang|zh-Bopo|ˋ}}
| Modifier Letter Grave Accent
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;" | {{IPA|◌̀}}
| Combining Grave Accent
|-
! 5
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;" | {{lang|zh-Bopo|˙}}
| Dot Above
| style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;" | {{IPA|·}}
| | Middle Dot<br><small>(usually omitted)<ref>The middle dot may optionally precede light-tone syllables only in reference books ({{lang|zh-Hans|辞书}}), see [http://pinyin.info/rules/GBT16159-2012.html#sec73 section 7.3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217032538/http://pinyin.info/rules/GBT16159-2012.html#sec73 |date=2016-02-17 }} of the PRC national standard GB/T 16159-2012 ''Basic rules of the Chinese phonetic alphabet orthography''.</ref></small>
|}

Unlike Hanyu Pinyin, Zhuyin aligns well with the hanzi characters in books whose texts are printed vertically, making Zhuyin better suited for annotating the pronunciation of vertically oriented Chinese text.

Zhuyin, when used in conjunction with Chinese characters, are typically placed to the right of the Chinese character vertically or to the top of the Chinese character in a horizontal print (see [[Ruby character]]s).

Below is an example for the word "bottle" ({{zh|p=píngzi}}):

{|
|-
| style="padding:0 0 0.5em;"|

{|
|-
| style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em" | {{lang|zh-Hant|瓶}} || style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em" |{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄆ<br />ㄧ<br />ㄥˊ}}
|-
| style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em" | {{lang|zh-Hant|子}} || style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em" |{{lang|zh-Bopo|˙<br />ㄗ}}
|}
| style="padding:0 1.5em" | or ||

{|
|-
| style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em; text-align:center" | {{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄆㄧㄥˊ}} || style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em; text-align:center" |{{lang|zh-Bopo|˙ㄗ}}
|-
| style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em" | {{lang|zh-Hant|瓶}} || style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em" |{{lang|zh-Hant|子}}
|}
|}

===Erhua transcription===
Erhua-ed words merge as a single syllable, which means {{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄦ}} is attached to the precedent syllable (like {{ruby-zh-b|歌兒|ㄍㄜㄦ}} {{Lang|zh-Latn-pinyin|gēr}}). In case the syllable uses other tones than 1st tone, the tone is attached to the penultimate syllable, but not to {{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄦ}} (e.g. {{ruby-zh-b|哪兒|ㄋㄚˇㄦ}} {{Lang|zh-Latn-pinyin|nǎr}}; {{ruby-zh-b|一|ㄧ}}{{ruby-zh-b|點兒|ㄉㄧㄢˇㄦ}} {{Lang|zh-Latn-pinyin|yīdiǎnr}}; {{ruby-zh-b|好|ㄏㄠˇ}}{{ruby-zh-b|玩兒|ㄨㄢˊㄦ}} {{Lang|zh-Latn-pinyin|hǎowánr}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Script/zhuyin.html|title=The Zhuyin Alphabet 注音字母 Transcription System (Bo-po-mo-fo) (www.chinaknowledge.de)|website=www.chinaknowledge.de}}</ref>

== Comparison ==

=== Pinyin ===
Zhuyin and [[Pinyin|pinyin]] are based on the same Mandarin pronunciations, hence there is a one-to-one correspondence between the two systems:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ IPA and pinyin counterparts of Zhuyin finals
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |
! colspan=14 | Rhyme
|- lang="zh-Bopo"
! !! ㄚ !! ㄛ !! ㄜ !! ㄝ !! ㄞ !! ㄟ !! ㄠ !! ㄡ !! ㄢ !! ㄣ !! ㄤ !! ㄥ !! ㄦ
|-
! rowspan=4 | Medial
!
| {{IPA|[ɨ]}}<br />({{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄭ}}) <sup>1</sup><br /><br />-i
| {{IPA|[a]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄚ}}<br />a<br />-a
| {{IPA|[o]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄛ}} <sup>3</sup><br />o<br />-o <sup>3</sup>
| {{IPA|[ɤ]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄜ}}<br />e<br />-e
|
| {{IPA|[ai̯]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄞ}}<br />ai<br />-ai
| {{IPA|[ei̯]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄟ}}<br />ei<br />-ei
| {{IPA|[au̯]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄠ}}<br />ao<br />-ao
| {{IPA|[ou̯]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄡ}}<br />ou<br />-ou
| {{IPA|[an]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄢ}}<br />an<br />-an
| {{IPA|[ən]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄣ}}<br />en<br />-en
| {{IPA|[aŋ]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄤ}}<br />ang<br />-ang
| {{IPA|[əŋ]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄥ}}<br />eng<br />-eng
| {{IPA|[aɚ]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄦ}}<br />er<br />&nbsp;
|-
! {{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧ}}
| {{IPA|[i]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧ}}<br />yi<br />-i
| {{IPA|[i̯a]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄚ}}<br />ya<br />-ia
|
|
| {{IPA|[i̯e]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄝ}}<br />ye<br />-ie
|
|
| {{IPA|[i̯au̯]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄠ}}<br />yao<br />-iao
| {{IPA|[i̯ou̯]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄡ}}<br />you<br />-iu
| {{IPA|[i̯ɛn]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄢ}}<br />yan<br />-ian
| {{IPA|[in]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄣ}}<br />yin<br />-in
| {{IPA|[i̯aŋ]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄤ}}<br />yang<br />-iang
| {{IPA|[iŋ]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄥ}}<br />ying<br />-ing
|
|-
! {{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨ}}
| {{IPA|[u]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨ}}<br />wu<br />-u
| {{IPA|[u̯a]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄚ}}<br />wa<br />-ua
| {{IPA|[u̯o]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄛ}} <sup>3</sup><br />wo<br />-uo  <sup>3</sup>
|
|
| {{IPA|[u̯ai̯]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄞ}}<br />wai<br />-uai
| {{IPA|[u̯ei̯]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄟ}}<br />wei<br />-ui
|
|
| {{IPA|[u̯an]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄢ}}<br />wan<br />-uan
| {{IPA|[u̯ən]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄣ}}<br />wen<br />-un
| {{IPA|[u̯aŋ]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄤ}}<br />wang<br />-uang
| {{IPA|[u̯əŋ], [ʊŋ]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄥ}}<br />weng<br />-ong <sup>4</sup>
|
|-
! {{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩ}}
| {{IPA|[y]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩ}}<br />yu<br />-ü <sup>2</sup>
|
|
|
| {{IPA|[y̯e]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄝ}}<br />yue<br />-üe <sup>2</sup>
|
|
|
|
| {{IPA|[y̯ɛn]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄢ}}<br />yuan<br />-üan <sup>2</sup>
| {{IPA|[yn]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄣ}}<br />yun<br />-ün <sup>2</sup>
|
| {{IPA|[i̯ʊŋ]}}<br />{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄥ}}<br />yong<br />-iong
|
|}

<sup>1</sup> Not written.

<sup>2</sup> {{Grapheme|ü}} is written as {{Grapheme|u}} after {{Grapheme|j}}, {{Grapheme|q}}, {{Grapheme|x}}, or {{Grapheme|y}}.

<sup>3</sup> {{Grapheme|{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄛ}}}}/{{Grapheme|-uo}} is written as {{Grapheme|{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄛ}}}}/{{Grapheme|-o}} after {{Grapheme|{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄅ}}}}/{{Grapheme|-b}}, {{Grapheme|{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄆ}}}}/{{Grapheme|-p}}, {{Grapheme|{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄇ}}}}/{{Grapheme|-m}}, {{Grapheme|{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄈ}}}}/{{Grapheme|-f}}.

<sup>4</sup> {{Grapheme|weng}} is pronounced {{IPA|[ʊŋ]}} (written as {{Grapheme|-ong}}) when it follows an initial.

===Chart===

==Use outside Standard Mandarin==
Three letters were formerly used in the 1913 standard of Mandarin as well as in non-Mandarin Chinese varieties. Some Zhuyin fonts do not contain these letters; see External links for PDF pictures.

In Taiwan, Bopomofo is used to teach Taiwanese Hokkien, and is also used to transcribe it phonetically in contexts such as on storefront signs, karaoke lyrics, and film subtitles.

{|class=wikitable
!Zhuyin!![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!![[Social:Gwoyeu Romatzyh|GR]]!![[Pinyin]]
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄪ}}||v||v||v
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄫ}}||ŋ||ng||ng
|-align=center
|{{lang|zh-Bopo|ㄬ}}||ɲ||gn||ny
|}

==Computer uses==

===Input method===
[[File:bopomofo.jpg|thumb|150px|right|An example of a Zhuyin keypad for Taiwan]]
Zhuyin can be used as an input method for Chinese characters. It is one of the few input methods that can be found on most modern personal computers without the user having to download or install any additional software. It is also one of the few input methods that can be used for inputting Chinese characters on certain cell phones.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}
[[File:Keyboard layout Zhuyin.svg|thumb|300px|none|A typical keyboard layout for Zhuyin on computers]]

===Unicode===
Zhuyin was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in October 1991 with the release of version 1.0.

The Unicode block for Zhuyin, called Bopomofo, is U+3100&ndash;U+312F:

Additional characters were added in September 1999 with the release of version 3.0.

The Unicode block for these additional characters, called Bopomofo Extended, is U+31A0&ndash;U+31BF:


Unicode 3.0 also added the characters {{unichar|02EA|MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK}} and {{unichar|02EB|MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK}}, in the [[Spacing Modifier Letters]] block. These two characters are now (since Unicode 6.0) classified as Bopomofo characters.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scripts-6.0.0.txt|url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/6.0.0/ucd/Scripts.txt|publisher=Unicode Consortium}}</ref>

==See also==
*Chinese input methods for computers
*Fanqie
*Furigana
*[[Ruby character]]
*Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
*Zhuyin table

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://language.moe.gov.tw/001/Upload/files/site_content/M0001/juyin/index.html The Manual of The Phonetic Symbols of Mandarin Chinese] 
*[[Unicode]] reference glyphs for {{cite web|url= https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3100.pdf |title=bopomofo }}&nbsp;{{small|(69.6&nbsp;KB)}} and {{cite web|url= https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U31A0.pdf |title=extended bopomofo }}&nbsp;{{small|(61.6&nbsp;KB)}}
*[http://mandarinspot.com/annotate?phs=zhuyin Bopomofo annotations]&nbsp;– adds inline and pop-up annotations with bopomofo pronunciation and English definitions to Chinese text or web pages.
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ Mandarin Dictionary]&nbsp;– needs Chinese font for [[Big5]] encoding
* [http://ctext.org/pinyin.pl?if=en Chinese Phonetic Conversion Tool]&nbsp;– converts between Pinyin, Zhuyin and other phonetic systems
*[http://www.mandarintools.com/pyconverter.html Chinese Romanization Converter]&nbsp;– converts between Hanyu Pinyin, Wade–Giles, Gwoyeu Romatzyh and other known or (un-)common Romanization systems
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070113230816/http://www.cozywebsite.com/dictionary/zhuyin/ Bopomofo -> Wade-Giles -> Pinyin -> Word List]
*[http://www.wfu.edu/~moran/Cathay_Cafe/IPA_NPA_4.htm NPA->IPA] National Phonetic Alphabet (bopomofo) spellings of words transliterated into the International Phonetic Alphabet. The vowel values have been verified against the official IPA site. See IPA help preview, SIL International website. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20040603040407/http://www.sil.org/computing/speechtools/softdev2/IPAhelp2/ipavowel2.htm IPA help preview, SIL International website.] (Accessed 23-12-2010).
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050121080656/http://www.inxsoft.net/mandarin-resource/converter.php Bopomofo to Pinyin converter and reverse]
*[http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/bopomofo/basic.html bopomofo syllable chart, with Hanyu Pinyin equivalents]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120326144612/http://annotator.jiang-long.com/ Pinyin Annotator]&nbsp;– adds bopomofo (bopomofo) or pinyin on top of any Chinese text, prompts alternative pronunciations to homonyms, has the option of exporting into [[Software:OpenOffice.org Writer|OpenOffice Writer]] for further editing
*[http://stroke-order.learningweb.moe.edu.tw/bopomofo.do {{lang|zh|《請利用螢幕上的小鍵盤輸入注音符號》}}]&nbsp;– online keyboard for bopomofo which can turn it into Chinese characters
* [http://i2bopomo.com Online Zhuyin-Bopomofo Input Method Editor {{lang|zh|免费在线中文输入法，使用注音}}]



[[Category:Writing systems]]

{{Sourceattribution|Bopomofo|1}}