View source for Social:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns

{{short description|Details of restrictions imposed due to COVID-19 pandemic}}


There are worldwide [[Social:Curfew|curfew]]s, [[Medicine:Quarantine|quarantine]]s, and similar restrictions (variously described as stay-at-home orders, shelter-in-place orders, shutdowns or [[Social:Lockdown|lockdown]]s) related to the COVID-19 pandemic and established to prevent further spread of the [[Biology:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (SARS-CoV-2), which causes [[Medicine:Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/coronavirus-updates-5-dead-200-infected-italy-europe-braces-covid-n1141466 |title=Coronavirus: 7 dead, 229 infected in Italy as Europe braces for COVID-19 |publisher=NBC News |accessdate=29 February 2020}}</ref>

Countries and territories around the world have enforced lockdowns of varying degrees. Some include total movement control while others have enforced restrictions based on time. Mostly, only essential businesses are allowed to remain open. Schools, universities and colleges have closed either on a nationwide or local basis in {{Education statistics on the COVID-19 pandemic|total}} countries, affecting approximately {{Education statistics on the COVID-19 pandemic|percentage}}<!--This information seems wrong compared to the source, but it is actually not. The UNESCO source states the amount of learners affected by nationwide closures, not the amount affected by both nationwide and local. Hover over the graph and you can see the number of total closures. By using cross multiplication, the correct answer is achieved. (1.576/91.3 is equal to 1.716/x)--> per cent of the world's student population.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-emergencies/coronavirus-school-closures |title=COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response |date=4 March 2020 |publisher=[[Organization:UNESCO|UNESCO]] |accessdate=28 March 2020}}</ref>

All types of recreational venues and most public places have been affected.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

==Table of pandemic lockdowns==
{{-}}
In the table pandemic lockdowns are defined as the shutdown of parts of the economy,<ref name="Lockdown_Polico">{{cite web |title=Europe's coronavirus lockdown measures compared |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/europes-coronavirus-lockdown-measures-compared/ |website=Politico |date=31 March 2020 |accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref> due to [[Medicine:Non-pharmaceutical interventions|non-pharmaceutical anti-pandemic measures]] and are enforceable by law like:
* Closing of schools and kindergartens
* Closing of non-essential shops (shops and stores apart from food, doctors and drug stores)
* Closing of non-essential production
* Cancellation of recreational venues and closing of public places
* [[Social:Curfew|Curfew]]s
* Stay-at-home orders and total movement control

These measures are considered to have caused the coronavirus recession in 2020.<ref name="Copenhagen Economics">{{cite web |url=https://www.copenhageneconomics.com/publications/publication/economic-consequences-of-the-covid-19-pandemic |title=ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC |website=Copenhagen Economics |publisher=Copenhagen Economics |accessdate=4 May 2020}}</ref>
The table does not contain:
* Measures with smaller economic impacts like:
** border closures 
** [[Medicine:Social distancing|social distancing]] measures and social movement restrictions
** travel restrictions. 
* Other non-pharmaceutical anti-pandemic measures like [[Medicine:Quarantine|mandatory quarantines after travel]], self quarantine and social distancing measures 
* Any measures which are voluntary rather than enforceable by law

The pandemic has resulted in the largest number of shutdowns/lockdowns worldwide at the same time in history.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}. 
By 26 March, 1.7&nbsp;billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Sam |last2=Kassam |first2=Ashifa | name-list-format = vanc |title=Spain defends response to coronavirus as global cases exceed 500,000 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/26/spanish-coronavirus-deaths-slow-as-world-nears-500000-cases |accessdate=29 March 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=26 March 2020}}</ref> which increased to 3.9&nbsp;billion people by the first week of April – more than half of the world's population.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Half of humanity now on lockdown as 90 countries call for confinement |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/04/02/coronavirus-in-europe-spain-s-death-toll-hits-10-000-after-record-950-new-deaths-in-24-hou |work=Euronews |date=3 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How the world locked down due to Covid-19 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/countries-on-lockdown-coronavirus-italy-2020-3 |work=Business Insider |date=28 March 2020}}</ref>

Restrictions first began in China,<ref name="china"/> with other countries in East Asia like Vietnam soon following it in implementing widespread containment measures. Much of Europe, North America and Africa took much longer to bring in tough measures. Lockdowns between and within nations are of varying stringency.<ref>{{cite news |title=A third of the global population is on coronavirus lockdown—here's our constantly updated list of countries and restrictions |url=https://www.ft.com/coronavirus-latest |work=Financial Times |accessdate=26 April 2020}}</ref>

By mid April, nearly 300&nbsp;million people, or about 90 per cent of the population, were under some form of lockdown in the United States,<ref>{{cite news |title=About 90% of Americans have been ordered to stay at home. This map shows which cities and states are under lockdown |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-map-stay-at-home-orders-lockdowns-2020-3 |work=Business Insider |date=2 April 2020}}</ref> around 100&nbsp;million in the Philippines,<ref name="end april"/> about 59&nbsp;million in South Africa,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chutel |first1=Lynsey |last2=Dahir |first2=Abdi Latif | name-list-format = vanc |title=With Most Coronavirus Cases in Africa, South Africa Locks Down |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/world/africa/south-africa-coronavirus.html |accessdate=2 April 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=27 March 2020}}</ref> and 1.3&nbsp;billion were under lockdown in India; the largest of all lockdowns.Check the list of COVID-19 Hotspots or containment Zones of India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Supriya | name-list-format = vanc |title=For a billion Indians, lockdown has not prevented tragedy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2020/mar/29/india-lockdown-tragedy-healthcare-coronavirus-starvation-mumbai |work=The Guardian |date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chaos and hunger amid India coronavirus lockdown |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/chaos-hunger-india-coronavirus-lockdown-200327094522268.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=27 March 2020}}</ref>

By the end of April, around 300&nbsp;million people were under lockdown in various countries of Europe, including but not limited to Italy, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom; while around 200&nbsp;million people were under lockdown in Latin America.<ref name="end april">{{cite news |title=What Share of the World Population Is Already on COVID-19 Lockdown? |url=https://www.statista.com/chart/21240/enforced-covid-19-lockdowns-by-people-affected-per-country/ |publisher=Statista |date=23 April 2020 |accessdate=26 April 2020}}</ref>

==Countries and territories with lockdowns==

===China===

China, where the pandemic originated, was the first country to enforce the quarantine and lockdown of cities and later whole provinces, starting at the end of January. Although such measures are a very old tool of epidemic control,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Williams|first=Sophie|date=3 January 2020|title=How the plague taught us to fight coronavirus|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51308542|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Levenson|first=Michael|date=2 January 2020|title=Scale of China's Wuhan Shutdown Is Believed to Be Without Precedent|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/world/asia/coronavirus-quarantines-history.html|accessdate=3 May 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> their use at the scale of a large city such as Wuhan or the even larger scale of provinces was controversial among experts at the time, with questions on their effectiveness<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rogers|first=Adam|date=22 January 2020|title=Would the Coronavirus Quarantine of Wuhan Even Work?|language=en|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/would-the-coronavirus-quarantine-of-wuhan-even-work/|url-status=live|accessdate=3 May 2020|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref name=":0cur">{{cite web|title=China's Unproven Antiviral Solution: Quarantine of 40 Million|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-24/china-s-unproven-antiviral-solution-quarantine-of-40-million|last=Du|first=Lisa|date=24 January 2020|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Buckley|first=Chris|last2=Zhong|first2=Raymond|last3=Grady|first3=Denise|last4=Rabin|first4=Roni Caryn|date=2 January 2020|title=As Coronavirus Fears Intensify, Effectiveness of Quarantines Is Questioned|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/26/world/asia/coronavirus-wuhan-china-hubei.html|accessdate=3 May 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and their ethics.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Historic Quarantine|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/01/china-quarantine-coronavirus/605455/|last=Hamblin|first=James|date=2 January 2020|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus outbreak: quarantining millions in China is unprecedented and wrong|url=http://theconversation.com/coronavirus-outbreak-quarantining-millions-in-china-is-unprecedented-and-wrong-130565|last=Jain|first=Vageesh|date=31 January 2020|website=The Conversation|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref> Some public health experts, while not always condemning the measure, raised the issue of the inevitable psychological toll such measures would have.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: The psychological effects of quarantining a city|url=https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/01/24/coronavirus-the-psychological-effects-of-quarantining-a-city/|date=2 January 2020|website=The BMJ|language=en-US|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brooks|first=Samantha K.|last2=Webster|first2=Rebecca K.|last3=Smith|first3=Louise E.|last4=Woodland|first4=Lisa|last5=Wessely|first5=Simon|last6=Greenberg|first6=Neil|last7=Rubin|first7=Gideon James|date=1 March 2020|title=The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30460-8/abstract|journal=The Lancet|language=English|volume=395|issue=10227|pages=912–920|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8|issn=0140-6736|pmid=32112714|pmc=7158942}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Quarantine for Coronavirus Has Serious Side Effects|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-02-27/coronavirus-quarantine-raises-mental-health-concerns-for-china|last=Minter|first=Adam|date=27 February 2020|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref> An ex-[[Organization:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] (WHO) official who headed the organization's Western Pacific Region during the [[Medicine:2002–2004 SARS outbreak|SARS outbreak]] said that "the containment of a city [hadn’t] been done in the history of international public health policy".<ref name=":0cur" /> The WHO called the decision to quarantine Wuhan "new to science".<ref>{{cite web|title=Wuhan lockdown: China takes extreme measures to stop virus spread {{!}} DW {{!}} 23 January 2020|url=https://www.dw.com/en/wuhan-lockdown-china-takes-extreme-measures-to-stop-virus-spread/a-52120126|last=Kretschmer|first=Fabian|last2=Yang|first2=William|date=23 January 2020|publisher=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref> By early April, all lockdowns had ended or relaxed to a certain degree as the cases started to dwindle and the outbreak had come under control.<ref name="china">{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/travel/articles/1257717/china-lockdown-how-long-was-china-lockdown-timeframe-wuhan|title=China lockdown: How long was China on lockdown?|last=Langton|first=Kaisha|date=20 April 2020|website=Daily Express|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/china-lockdowns-reimposed-fear-second-coronavirus-wave-wuhan-hubei-2020-4|title=China is trying to relax its severe coronavirus lockdown, but a series of forced re-closures shows how hard it is to get back to normal|last=Bostock|first=Bill|date=6 April 2020|website=Business Insider|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref>
<div style="float:left;">{{COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China}}</div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Fiji===
On 19 March, Fiji confirmed its first case, a 27 year old Fijian citizen who is a flight attendant of [[Biology:Fiji Airways|Fiji Airways]]. He had arrived from {{wipe|San Francisco}} returning via Nadi on 16 March. On 17 March, he had travelled from Nadi to [[Place:Auckland|Auckland]] and a return from Auckland to Nadi on the same day. He was admitted to Lautoka Hospital. <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/COVID-19-patient-is-a-27-year-old-flight-attendant-who-had-recent-travel-history-to-USA-and-NZ---Dr-Sahukhan-4x8rf5/ |title=COVID-19 patient is a 27-year-old flight attendant who had recent travel history to USA and NZ – Dr. Sahukhan |work=Fiji Village |date=19 March 2020 |accessdate=20 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320024938/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/COVID-19-patient-is-a-27-year-old-flight-attendant-who-had-recent-travel-history-to-USA-and-NZ---Dr-Sahukhan-4x8rf5/ |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama announced a further extension of the ban to foreign nationals who have been present in the {{wipe|United States}}, as well as all of [[Earth:Europe|Europe]] including the {{wipe|United Kingdom}}. Also all travellers arriving in or returning to Fiji from outside of the country must self-isolate for 14 days.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/pm-announces-major-restrictions-including-closure-of-some-services-due-to-covid-19/|title=PM announces major restrictions including closure of some services due to COVID-19|last=News|first=Indra Singh Manager|website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319163738/https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/pm-announces-major-restrictions-including-closure-of-some-services-due-to-covid-19/|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 20 March, all schools and non-essential businesses in Lautoka had been closed at midnight, however banks, supermarkets, pharmacies and essential businesses remained open.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fijitimes.com/covid-19-fiji-widens-existing-travel-restrictions-to-include-spain/|title=COVID-19: Fiji widens existing travel restrictions to include Spain|website=FijiTimes|language=en|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318135907/https://www.fijitimes.com/covid-19-fiji-widens-existing-travel-restrictions-to-include-spain/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fijitimes.com/covid-19-lautoka-schools-closed-until-further-notice/|title=COVID-19: Lautoka schools closed until further notice|website=FijiTimes|language=en|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319150350/https://www.fijitimes.com/covid-19-lautoka-schools-closed-until-further-notice/|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Minister for Education, Heritage and Arts Rosy Akbar in consultation with the Prime Minister announced that the national term one school holidays that was initially scheduled from 20 April to 1 May will be brought forward to 23 March to 3 April.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/first-term-school-holidays-brought-forward/|title=First term school holidays brought forward|website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320192748/https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/first-term-school-holidays-brought-forward/|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Fiji Airways had suspended all international flights until the end of May, with the exception of twice-weekly services between [[Place:Singapore|Singapore]] and Nadi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/fiji-airways-suspends-flights-implements-leave-without-pay/|title=Fiji Airways suspends flights, implements leave without pay|last=N|first=Edwin|last2=FBCNews|website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320192750/https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/fiji-airways-suspends-flights-implements-leave-without-pay/|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The government had established two fever clinics in Lautoka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fijitimes.com/covid-19-fever-clinics-set-up-in-lautoka/|title=COVID-19: Fever clinics set up in Lautoka|website=FijiTimes|language=en|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320212957/https://www.fijitimes.com/covid-19-fever-clinics-set-up-in-lautoka/|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===France===
As of 17 March 2020,<ref name="AutoQ7-37">[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/french-personal-travel-waiver-certificate World news story French personal travel waiver certificate] Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 4 April 2020</ref> all people are required to complete and carry an exemption form to leave their homes and can be fined for non-essential journeys.<ref name="AutoQ7-37"/> Essential journeys include shopping for food, travelling to work, accessing healthcare, and exercising within 1&nbsp;km of the home for up to 1 hour.
Police around the country have set up road blocks to check people who were out and about had good reason and that their exemption declarations were in order.

===India===
On 22 March 2020, the Government of India decided to completely lockdown 82 districts in 22 states and Union Territories of country where confirmed cases have been reported till 31 March.<ref>{{Cite newspaper |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/82-districts-under-lockdown-over-covid-19-what-s-open-and-what-is-shut/story-c1AEMZXuuXN6FvmrAdRvsJ.html |title=82 districts under lockdown over Covid-19: What is shut and where |date=2 March 2020|newspaper=Hindustan Times |language=en |access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref> Essential services and commodities were allowed. 80 cities including major cities such as Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, {{wipe|Mumbai}}, Pune and [[Place:Kolkata|Kolkata]] were also put under lockdown until 31 March.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-covid-19-80-cities-across-india-go-into-lockdown-till-march-31-what-it-means-2198894 |title=Coronavirus: 80 Cities Across India Go Into Lockdown Till March 31. What It Means |website=NDTV.com |access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref> The country entered complete lockdown from 25 March 2020 for 21 days amid increase in number of cases.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52024239|title=India's 1.3bn population told to stay at home|date=2 March 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=4 April 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Ireland===
On 12 March, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced the closure of all schools, colleges and childcare facilities in Ireland until 29 March.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/coronavirus-schools-colleges-and-childcare-facilities-in-ireland-to-shut-1.4200977?|title=Coronavirus: Schools, colleges and childcare facilities in Ireland to shut|work=The Irish Times|date=12 March 2020|accessdate=23 May 2020}}</ref>
On 27 March, Varadkar announced a national lockdown for at least two weeks; the public were ordered to stay at home in all circumstances. All non-essential shops and services, including all pubs, bars, hotels and nightclubs closed and all public and private gatherings of any number of people was banned.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/27/stay-home-varadkar-urges-irish-in-drastic-lockdown|title=‘Stay home’: Varadkar announces sweeping two-week lockdown|work={{wipe|The Guardian}}|first=Rory|last=Carroll|date=27 March 2020|accessdate=23 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://whatsnew.citizensinformation.ie/2020/03/27/new-measures-to-combat-covid-19-from-midnight-on-27-march-2020/|title=New measures to combat COVID-19 from midnight on 27 March 2020|website=whatsnew.citizensinformation.ie|date=27 March 2020|accessdate=23 May 2020}}</ref> The Garda Síochána were given power to enforce the measures, which were repeatedly extended until 18 May.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2020/0501/1135923-cabinet/|title=Outdoor time for over 70s and exercise limit extended to 5km|publisher=RTÉ News and Current Affairs|first=Aisling|last=Kenny|date=1 May 2020|accessdate=23 May 2020}}</ref> A roadmap to easing restrictions in Ireland that includes five stages was adopted by the government on 1 May 2020 and subsequently published online.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://static.rasset.ie/documents/news/2020/05/roadmap-for-reopening-society-business.pdf|title=Roadmap for Reopening Society & Business|website=static.rasset.ie|publisher=Government of Ireland|accessdate=23 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2020/0501/1136167-road-map-details/|title=At a glance: What restrictions are likely to be lifted and when?|publisher=RTÉ News and Current Affairs|date=15 May 2020|accessdate=23 May 2020}}</ref> On 5 June, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced a series of changes to the government's roadmap of easing COVID-19 restrictions in Ireland, which he summed up as: "Stay Local".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2020/0605/1145720-covid-latest-ireland/|title=At a glance – what's new from 8 June and beyond on roadmap|publisher=RTÉ News and Current Affairs|date=5 June 2020|accessdate=5 June 2020}}</ref>

===Italy===
[[File:E guarirai da tutte le malattie ed io, avrò cura di te, (Dio blocca il Coronavirus (COVID-19) sull'Italia), china su graphia, Giovanni Guida 2020.jpg|thumb|Viral illustration during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Italy ''"God fights the Coronavirus above the world"'' by Giovanni Guida]]

===Malaysia===

===Namibia===
Beginning 27 March, a 21-day lockdown of the regions of Erongo and Khomas was announced.<ref name=lockdown>{{Cite news | title=Partial lockdown in effect from Friday | last=Shikongo | first=Arlana | newspaper=The Namibian | date=25 March 2020 | page=1 | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/89582/read/Partial-lockdown-in-effect-from-Friday}}</ref> On 14 April the lockdown was extended to 4 May. It now officially applied to all regions, although the stay-at-home order was already enforced countrywide. Only essential businesses remained open. Schools were closed, parliamentary sessions suspended, and generally all gatherings of more than 10 people were prohibited.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Countdown to lockdown | last=Kahiurika | first=Ndanki | newspaper=The Namibian | date=27 March 2020 | page=1 | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/89700/read/Countdown-to-lockdown}}</ref> Formal and informal bars were closed and the sale of alcohol prohibited. This "stage 1" of the lockdown was in force until 4 May 2020. From then on, regulations are to be gradually eased.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Namibia to reopen economy ... moves to 'stage two', post-lockdown | last=Ngatjiheue | first=Charmaine | newspaper=The Namibian | date=30 April 2020 | page=1 | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/90737/read/Namibia-to-reopen-economy-…-moves-to-stage-two-post-lockdown}}</ref>

===New Zealand===
On 23 March 2020, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern raised New Zealand's COVID-19 alert level<ref>{{cite web |title=New Zealand COVID-19 Alert Levels Summary |url=https://covid19.govt.nz/assets/resources/tables/COVID-19-alert-levels-summary.pdf |accessdate=17 May 2020}}</ref> to three and announced the closure of all schools beginning on that day, and two days later moved to four at 11:59&nbsp;p.m. on 25 March 2020 – a nationwide lockdown. While all sporting matches and events as well as non-essential services such as pools, bars, cafes, restaurants, playgrounds closed, essential services such as supermarkets, petrol stations, and health services remained open.<ref>{{cite news |last=Palmer |first=Scott |title=Coronavirus: New Zealand goes to COVID-19 alert level 3 |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2020/03/coronavirus-new-zealand-goes-to-covid-19-alert-level-3.html |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=Newshub |date=28 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323055338/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2020/03/coronavirus-new-zealand-goes-to-covid-19-alert-level-3.html |archive-date=23 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Eleanor |title='Kiwis – go home': New Zealand to go into month-long lockdown to fight coronavirus |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/23/kiwis-go-home-new-zealand-to-go-into-month-long-lockdown-to-fight-coronavirus |access-date=23 March 2020 |work={{wipe|The Guardian}} |date=23 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323025021/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/23/kiwis-go-home-new-zealand-to-go-into-month-long-lockdown-to-fight-coronavirus |archive-date=23 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus live updates in NZ and around the world on 23 March |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/412361/coronavirus-live-updates-in-nz-and-around-the-world-on-23-march |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=Radio New Zealand |date=23 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323000431/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/412361/coronavirus-live-updates-in-nz-and-around-the-world-on-23-march |archive-date=23 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The alert level was moved back down to Level 3 at 11:59&nbsp;pm on 27 April, and moved to Level 2 at 11:59&nbsp;pm on 13 May, lifting the rest of the lockdown restrictions while maintaining physical distancing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Howie |first1=Cherie |title=Covid 19 coronavirus: Kiwis welcome first alert level 2 weekend |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12332312 |work=The New Zealand Herald}}</ref>

===Philippines===
[[File:6817Baliuag enhanced community quarantine 33.jpg|thumb|right|Reduced pedestrian and vehicle traffic in Baliuag, {{wipe|Philippines}} as a result of the enhanced community quarantine]]
The Philippines has imposed various levels of lockdowns (from modified general community quarantine to enhanced community quarantine). All provinces and cities in the country has been placed on some form of lockdown at one point.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 lockdowns: Understanding the different kinds of community quarantines |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/13/20/covid-19-lockdowns-understanding-the-different-kinds-of-community-quarantines |accessdate=8 June 2020 |work=ABS-CBN News |date=13 May 2020}}</ref>

===Singapore===

===United Kingdom===

'''National stay-at-home order'''

At 8:30&nbsp;p.m. on 23 March 2020, Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced a stay-at-home order effective immediately. The slogan “Stay Home, Protect the NHS, Save Lives” was used. All non-essential shops and services were ordered to close, and police were granted powers to issue fines, send people home, especially persons suspected of being infected, and to break up gatherings of more than two people. The British population was instructed to stay home, except for exercise once a day (such as running, walking or cycling), shopping for essential items, any medical need, providing care to a vulnerable person, or travelling to work where the work in question was vital and could not be done from home. Johnson stated that the stay-at-home order would be reviewed every three weeks.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52012432 |title=Strict new curbs on life in UK announced by PM |date=2 March 2020|work=BBC News |access-date=23 March 2020 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Working with general practitioners, the NHS strongly advised (though did not mandate) that those at the highest risk of severe complications from COVID-19 follow special shielding measures. These included not leaving their home at all, even for essential reasons, and keeping two meters apart from other household members.

On 11 May, the UK-wide rules fractured and separate rules were announced at various times for the country's constituent territories. In England, the slogan changed to "Stay Alert, Control the Virus, Save Lives" and those who could not work from home, including specifically construction and manufacturing workers, were encouraged to return to work albeit avoiding the use of public transport. Additionally, the once-a-day limit on exercise was lifted. The COVID-19 threat level system was introduced, and the “Stay Home” phase was announced to be equivalent to Level 4 (where 1 meant “COVID-19 is not known to be present in the UK”, and 5 meant “The circulation of COVID-19 is high and rising exponentially and there is a material risk of healthcare being overwhelmed”). Meanwhile, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland retained “Stay home, Protect the NHS, Save Lives” for the time being.

On 13 May,  those in England were allowed to meet one other person not from their household outside whilst maintaining a 2-metre social distance, and from 28 May groups of up to six from different households were allowed to meet outside, keeping a safe distance. 

From 1 June, English primary schools were encouraged to re-open to Reception, Year 1 and Year 6, and extremely vulnerable people shielding at home were advised it was safe to go outside for once-daily, socially-distanced exercise, for the first time in approximately two months.

From 15 June, non-essential retail reopened, and English secondary schools were asked to prepare to provide Year 10 and Year 12 students with some face-to-face meetings to support their home learning for essential upcoming exams the next year. It also became mandatory to wear face masks in healthcare settings and on public transport.

From 4 July, most other businesses were allowed to reopen, except for those at highest risk such as indoor gyms, and social gathering rules were relaxed further. Most notably, the two-meter rule was relaxed to one meter apart, where other mitigations such as face masks were being used. The only legal measure that remained, except for face masks on public transport and in healthcare, was an upper legal limit of 30 on gatherings (except in ‘local lockdown’ areas, see below), but people were advised to limit gatherings to either two households in any indoor or outdoor, public or private setting, or to a maximum of six, outdoors only, when people gathering were from more than two households. 

From 24 July, it became mandatory in England to wear a face mask in shops and supermarkets.

===United States===
[[File:COVID-19 outbreak USA stay-at-home order county map.svg|thumb|right|States, territories, and counties that issued a stay-at-home order:
{{legend|#045a8d|Came into effect before 22 March}}
{{legend|#2b8cbe|Came into effect before 29 March}}
{{legend|#74a9cf|Came into effect before 5 April}}
{{legend|#a6bddb|Came into effect before 12 April}}
]]

Stay-at-home orders in the United States have come from several states and a large number of local jurisdictions, sometimes leading to conflicts between different levels of government and a patchwork of inconsistent dates and rules.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus Cases, Concentrated on the Coasts, Now Threaten America’s Middle |first=Julie |last=Bosman |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |date=2 March 2020|access-date=27 March 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/us/coronavirus-usa-midwest-south.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Analysis: Coronavirus and local control in Texas|first=Ross|last=Ramsey|work=The Texas Tribune|date=27 March 2020|accessdate=29 March 2020|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2020/03/27/coronavirus-and-local-control-texas/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Is Cabela's an "essential" business? Texas counties differ on who should work during shelter in place|first=Sami|last=Sparber|work=The Texas Tribune|date=26 March 2020|accessdate=29 March 2020|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2020/03/26/whats-essential-texas-business-coronavirus-crisis-its-not-clear/}}</ref>

On 15 March 2020, Puerto Rico governor Wanda Vázquez Garced signed an [[Social:Executive order|executive order]] to order all citizens to stay home starting at 9&nbsp;p.m. with exceptions in limited circumstances between 5&nbsp;a.m. and 9&nbsp;pm. Governmental operations and non-essential businesses were to be closed until 30 March.<ref>{{cite web |title=Administrative Bulletin No.: OE-2020-023 |url=https://basecero.ogp.pr.gov/apex/apex_util.get_blob?s=3089088855514&a=161&c=112063554695324788&p=15&k1=4725&k2=&ck=D6tlniXHJx7rJWaWeq2EajrOBWVcTiOxSJhaIRIG10IWAJAhKB8_IXXQbMFDQbvsOxueRM1NBfO4Yf30a2Y_Nw&rt=IR |publisher=Government of Puerto Rico |access-date=22 March 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The first order within the states was simultaneously imposed by health authorities in heart of the San Francisco Bay Area (Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Mateo, and Santa Clara counties and the cities of San Francisco and Berkeley) effective 17 March 2020, affecting nearly 6.7&nbsp;million people.<ref name=sfchronicle>{{cite news |last=Ravani |first=Sarah |title=Bay Area coronavirus decision: Behind the scenes of nation’s first shelter-in-place order |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Bay-Area-coronavirus-decision-Behind-the-scenes-15148425.php |access-date=22 March 2020 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=21 March 2020}}</ref> Other cities and counties across the state followed suit over the next two days, until Gavin Newsom, the governor of California, issued a statewide order effective 19 March 2020.<ref name="wired">{{cite news |title=What's a ‘Shelter in Place’ Order, and Who’s Affected? |url=https://www.wired.com/story/whats-shelter-place-order-whos-affected/ |access-date=22 March 2020 |work=Wired |date=20 March 2020}}</ref>

On 20 March 2020, New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced the statewide stay-at-home order with a mandate that 100% of non-essential workforce to be conducted as working from home effective 22 March.<ref name=npr>{{cite news |title=New York, Illinois Governors Issue Stay At Home Orders, Following California's Lead |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/03/20/818952589/coronavirus-n-y-gov-cuomo-says-100-of-workforce-must-stay-home |access-date=22 March 2020 |publisher=NPR |date=20 March 2020}}</ref> Illinois governor J. B. Pritzker followed that lead on the same day with a statewide order which would go into effect on 21 March at 5&nbsp;pm.<ref name="tribune">{{cite news |last=Munks |first=Jamie |title=Gov. Pritzker issued a stay-at-home order. What does that mean? |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/coronavirus/ct-coronavirus-what-is-shelter-in-place-20200320-rvyzf7h24ff5tfnvve5kz6g6b4-story.html |access-date=22 March 2020 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=20 March 2020}}</ref> Ned Lamont, the governor of Connecticut, signed an executive order called "Stay Safe, Stay At Home" to take effect statewide on 23 March at 8 p.m.

On 21 March 2020, New Jersey governor Phil Murphy announced a statewide stay-at-home order effective at 9 p.m. on the same day.<ref>{{cite news |last=Perez |first=Matt |title=New Jersey Ordered To Stay-At-Home, Joining California, Illinois And Others |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattperez/2020/03/21/new-jersey-ordered-to-stay-at-home-joining-california-illinois-and-others/ |access-date=22 March 2020 |work={{wipe|Forbes}} |date=21 March 2020}}</ref>

On 22 March 2020, Ohio governor Mike DeWine and Ohio Department of Health director Amy Acton issued a statewide stay-at-home order effective 23 March.<ref name="Enquirer Borchardt">{{cite news |title=Ohio Gov. DeWine orders Ohioans to shelter in place, nonessential business, most daycares to close |first=Jackie |last=Borchardt |work=The Cincinnati Enquirer  |date=2 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020 |url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/politics/2020/03/22/coronavirus-ohio-gov-mike-dewine-sunday-update-states-response/2894473001/ |quote=Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine said in his update Sunday Dr. Amy Acton is ordering a stay at home order or shelter in place order for all Ohioans. The order is in effect beginning midnight Monday and is in effect through April 6.}}</ref> In the afternoon, the Louisiana governor John Bel Edwards announced a statewide stay-at-home order in a press conference.<ref>{{cite news |last=Karlin |first=Sam |title=Louisiana issues statewide stay-at-home order to combat coronavirus spread |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/coronavirus/article_922869e8-6c6d-11ea-aeee-6b6fd5e8f4bd.html |access-date=22 March 2020 |work=The Advocate |location=Baton Rouge, Louisiana |date=22 March 2020}}</ref> Delaware governor John Carney followed suit with a stay-at-home order for his state.<ref>{{cite news |title=Stay-at-home order issued in Delaware starting Tuesday |url=https://apnews.com/0692f5c364f07045809a734775e1b260 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=22 March 2020 |location=Wilmington |date=22 March 2020}}</ref>

[[File:2020-04-19 14 42 26 Variable message sign reading "Save Lives Stay Home Essential Travel Only" along southbound Interstate 95 just south of Exit 29 in Beltsville, Prince George's County, Maryland.jpg|thumb|right|Variable-message sign along Interstate 95 in Prince George's County, Maryland telling people to stay home and only travel for essential purposes]]
On 23 March 2020, several state governors announced their statewide stay-at-home order:

* Massachusetts governor Charlie Baker ordered non-essential businesses to close in-person operations effective 24 March until 7 April and directed the Massachusetts Department of Public Health to issue a stay-at-home advisory.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Governor Charlie Baker Orders All Non-Essential Businesses To Cease In Person Operation, Directs the Department of Public Health to Issue Stay at Home Advisory For Two Weeks |publisher=Commonwealth of Massachusetts |date=2 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020 |url=https://www.mass.gov/news/governor-charlie-baker-orders-all-non-essential-businesses-to-cease-in-person-operation}}</ref>
* Michigan governor Gretchen Whitmer announced her statewide executive order to stay-at-home at 11:00&nbsp;am for all non-essential businesses effective 24 March until 28 May.<ref>{{cite news |title=Michigan residents ordered to stay at home to slow COVID-19 spread |url=https://www.woodtv.com/health/coronavirus/official-gov-whitmer-to-issue-stay-at-home-order-to-combat-covid-19/ |access-date=23 March 2020 |publisher=WOOD TV |agency=Associated Press |date=23 March 2020}}</ref> 
* Indiana governor Eric Holcomb announced statewide stay-at-home order effective 25 March until 7 April.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indiana Gov. Eric Holcomb Issues ‘Stay-at-Home’ Order Amid Coronavirus Pandemic |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/coronavirus/indiana-gov-eric-holcomb-issues-stay-at-home-order-amid-coronavirus-pandemic/2242781/ |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=NBC Chicago |date=23 March 2020}}</ref> 
* West Virginia governor [[Biography:Jim Justice|Jim Justice]] ordered non-essential businesses to be closed immediately, and stay-at-home order effective at 8&nbsp;pm.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov. Justice orders shutdown of non-essential businesses in West Virginia; first community-transmitted case has been confirmed |url=https://www.wvnews.com/news/wvnews/gov-justice-orders-shutdown-of-non-essential-businesses-in-west/article_24910f48-6d21-11ea-8518-3fbb944964d3.html |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=West Virginia's News |date=23 March 2020}}</ref> 
* After growing calls from local officials on Sunday, Oregon governor Kate Brown issued a stay-at-home order on Monday effective immediately with class C [[Social:Misdemeanor|misdemeanor]] charges for violators.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gunderson |first=Laura |title=Oregon stay at home order: Where can I go? |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/coronavirus/2020/03/oregon-stay-at-home-order-where-can-i-go.html |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=The Oregonian |date=23 March 2020}}</ref> 
* New Mexico governor Michelle Lujan Grisham announced a statewide stay-at-home order that requires 100% of non-essential business workforce to work from home effective 24 March until 10 April.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parker |first=Jim |title=New Mexico’s governor issues stay-at-home order due to coronavirus outbreak |url=https://kvia.com/news/new-mexico/2020/03/23/new-mexicos-governor-to-issue-stay-at-home-order-due-to-coronavirus-outbreak/ |access-date=23 March 2020 |publisher=KVIA |date=23 March 2020}}</ref>
* Washington governor Jay Inslee signed a statewide stay-at-home proclamation and ordered to close non-essential businesses effective 25 March for two weeks.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov. Inslee issues ‘stay at home’ proclamation for Washington state |url=https://mynorthwest.com/1782819/inslee-washington-stay-at-home-order/? |access-date=24 March 2020 |work=MYNorthwest |date=23 March 2020}}</ref>
* Hawaii governor David Ige issued a statewide stay-at-home order effective 25 March which was similar to the orders that were previously issued for Maui and Honolulu counties.<ref>{{cite news |last=Uechi |first=Colleen |title=Ige takes ‘stay at home’ mandate statewide |url=https://www.mauinews.com/news/local-news/2020/03/ige-takes-stay-at-home-mandate-statewide/ |access-date=24 March 2020 |work=The Maui News |date=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=IN FULL: Read the governor’s stay-at-home emergency proclamation |url=https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2020/03/24/full-read-governors-stay-at-home-emergency-proclamation/ |access-date=24 March 2020 |work=Hawaii News Now |date=23 March 2020}}</ref>

* On 24 March 2020, Wisconsin governor Tony Evers issued a statewide stay-at-home order to close all non-essential businesses and ordered no gatherings of any size effective 25 March until 24 April.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wisconsin Governor Issues Order Closing Businesses |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/coronavirus/wisconsin-governor-issues-order-closing-businesses/2243503/ |access-date=24 March 2020 |work=NBC Chicago |date=24 March 2020}}</ref> Vermont governor Phil Scott signed a stay-at-home order and directed closure of in-person operations of non-essential businesses effective 25 March until 15 April.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scott issues 'stay at home' order |url=https://www.wcax.com/content/news/Scott-issues-stay-at-home-order-569070201.html |access-date=24 March 2020 |publisher=WCAX |date=24 March 2020}}</ref>

* On 25 March, Idaho governor Brad Little and Minnesota governor Tim Walz issued stay-at-home orders for their respective states.<ref>{{cite newspaper |last=Bierschbach |first=Briana |title=Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz: 'Stay at home' |url=https://www.startribune.com/gov-tim-walz-tells-minnesotans-stay-home-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/569095212/ |newspaper=Star Tribune |access-date=25 March 2020 |date=25 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ridler |first=Keith |title=Idaho Gov. Brad Little issues statewide stay-at-home order |url=https://www.tri-cityherald.com/news/business/health-care/article241496151.html |work=Tri-City Herald |agency=Associated Press |access-date=25 March 2020 |location=Boise |date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325210539/https://www.tri-cityherald.com/news/business/health-care/article241496151.html |archive-date=25 March 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Colorado Governor Jared Polis issued a stay at home order effective on Thursday the 26th at 6&nbsp;a.m. through 11 April 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cpr.org/2020/03/25/polis-announces-statewide-stay-at-home-order/ |title=Polis Issues Colorado Stay-at-Home Order: ‘Now Is Not The Time To Die’ |website=Colorado Public Radio}}</ref>

* On 2 April, Georgia governor Brian Kemp issued stay-at-home order effective Friday, 3 April 2020, until Monday, 13 April 2020.<ref>{{cite executive order |number=04.02.20.01 |url=https://gov.georgia.gov/document/2020-executive-order/04022001/download |date= 2 April 2020 |language=English |post=Governor of Georgia |accessdate=3 April 2020}}</ref> It overrules any local stay-at-home restrictions previously in place, and instructs residents to stay at home unless they're conducting "essential services," meaning either traveling to and from jobs or other exceptions, including buying groceries; purchasing medical equipment; going out to exercise; and visiting medical facilities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kemp details Georgia’s statewide shelter in place order |url=https://www.ajc.com/blog/politics/kemp-details-georgia-shelter-place-order/hc3ETUjzBedtWW1LoJHTIP/ |access-date=3 April 2020 |work=AJC |date=2 April 2020}}</ref> The same day, Dr. [[Biography:Anthony Fauci|Anthony Fauci]] publicly questioned why all states were not under stay-at-home orders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/fauci-i-don-t-understand-why-all-states-are-not-n1175841 |title=Fauci: 'I don't understand' why all states are not under stay-at-home orders |publisher=NBC News |date= |accessdate=23 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/04/03/i-just-dont-understand-why-were-not-doing-that-fauci-calls-nationwide-stay-at-home-despite-trumps-resistance |title=Fauci differs with Trump on nationwide stay-at-home orders |work=The Washington Post |date=3 April 2020 |accessdate=23 May 2020}}</ref>

* In late May 2020, city wide curfews were enacted in San Francisco and several surrounding cities; San Jose; Minneapolis; Atlanta; Chicago; Cleveland; Columbus; Denver; Jacksonville, FL; Los Angeles; Memphis, TN; Omaha, Nebraska; Lincoln, Nebraska; Pittsburgh, Philadelphia; {{wipe|Portland, Oregon}}; Salt Lake City; San Antonio; Buffalo, New York; Rochester; Syracuse; New York City; Milwaukee; Seattle; Cincinnati; [[Place:Indianapolis|Indianapolis]], Indiana; Fayetteville; Raleigh, North Carolina; Charleston, SC; Sacramento, CA; Columbia, SC; and Asheville, NC due to protests<ref>[https://nypost.com/2020/06/01/gov-andrew-cuomo-orders-curfew-for-new-york-city/ New York Post, 1 June 2020]. Gov. Andrew Cuomo Orders Curfew for New York City</ref> regarding the killing of George Floyd. Countywide curfews were enacted for Los Angeles County, California and Alameda County, California as well. Arizona enacted a statewide curfew. These curfews are imposed as complemented to stay-at-home order that imposed by state or local authorities.

====Native American Nations====
On 20 March 2020, Navajo Nation announced that it broadened the stay-at-home order to cover the entire reservation, which is the largest reservation in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tribes taking steps in attempt to slow outbreak's spread |url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2020/mar/22/tribes-taking-steps-in-attempt-to-slow-/ |access-date=22 March 2020 |work=Arkansas Democrat-Gazette |agency=Associated Press |date=22 March 2020}}</ref>

On 23 March 2020, Yakama Nation announced its "Stay Home, Stay Healthy" order.<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Safety Order No. 1 |url=http://www.yakamanation-nsn.gov/stay_home_stay_healthy.pdf |publisher=The Yakama Nation Main Agency Offices |access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref>

==Countries and territories without lockdowns==

Almost all countries and territories affected with COVID-19 have introduced and enforced some form of lockdown. However, countries like South Korea and Taiwan, which relied on contact tracing by cellphones, have far fewer cases and deaths. Among the ones not following this strategy are, most notably, Sweden (the only European country with {{wipe|Belarus}} not to do so).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/vodka-saunas-and-resisting-lockdown---the-countries-taking-a-different-approach-to-coronavirus-2020-04-07|title=Vodka, saunas, lockdown resistance and a gradual return to normal life: The countries taking a different approach to the coronavirus pandemic|website=Market Watch|language=en|accessdate=26 April 2020}}</ref> Measures in Sweden included the closing of universities and high schools and asking older and at-risk residents to avoid social contact, while keeping restaurants, primary schools and kindergartens open.<ref name="sweden"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/blog/covid-19-still-no-sign-lockdown-sweden|title=Covid-19: Still No Sign of Lockdown for Sweden|website=Institut Montaigne|language=en|accessdate=26 April 2020}}</ref>

Countries in Asia without lockdowns include, Japan<ref name="japan">{{cite web|title=Japan's state of emergency is no lockdown. What's in it?|url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/13281427|website=The Asahi Shimbun|language=en|accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref> and South Korea.<ref name="south_korea">{{cite news|url=https://time.com/5830594/south-korea-covid19-coronavirus|title=How South Korea Is Beating Coronavirus Without a Lockdown|website=Time|language=en|accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref>

Nicaragua<ref name="nicaragua"/> is also yet to impose a lockdown while a proposed lockdown by the government has been ordered to be delayed by the High Court in Malawi.<ref name="malawi"/>

In the United States, a handful of states have not introduced any lockdown-type measures (commonly known as "stay-at-home orders").<ref name="us 1">{{cite news|title=See Which States and Cities Have Told Residents to Stay at Home|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-stay-at-home-order.html|website=The New York Times|language=en|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="us 2">{{cite web|title=A map of the US cities and states under lockdown — and those that are reopening|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-map-stay-at-home-orders-lockdowns-2020-3|website=Business Insider|language=en|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
!colspan=3|Countries and territories without lockdowns
|-
!colspan=2 style="text-align:left;"|Countries and territories
!Ref
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;"|[[File:Flag of Belarus.svg|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] Belarus ||<ref name="belarus">{{cite web|title=The Belarus government is largely ignoring the pandemic. Here's why.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/04/21/belarus-government-is-largely-ignoring-pandemic-heres-why/|website=The Washington Post|language=en|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;"|[[File:Flag of Iceland.svg|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] Iceland|| 
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;"|[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] Japan ||<ref name="japan"/>
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;"|[[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] Malawi || <ref name="malawi">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52471276|title=Malawi's cash handouts and the row about a coronavirus lockdown|publisher=BBC|language=en|accessdate=30 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;"|[[File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] Nicaragua || <ref name="nicaragua">{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/17/ortega-virus-murillo-nicaragua-is-stumbling-into-coronavirus-disaster/|title=Nicaragua Is Stumbling Into Coronavirus Disaster|website=Foreign Policy|language=en|accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;"|[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] South Korea || <ref name="south_korea"/>
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;"|[[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] Sweden || <ref name="sweden">{{cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/news/484515-sweden-covid-no-lockdown/|title=Sweden says no to quarantine – is this the most reckless or the most proportionate Covid-19 response in the West?|website=RT International|language=en|accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref>
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|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;"|[[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] Taiwan || <ref name="Taiwan">{{cite news |last1=Kirby |first1=Jen |title=What we can learn from the 'second wave' of coronavirus cases in Asia |url=https://www.vox.com/2020/4/17/21213787/coronavirus-asia-waves-hong-kong-singapore-taiwan |agency=Vox.com}}</ref>
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|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;"|[[File:Flag of East Timor.svg|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] Timor-Leste ||
|-
|rowspan=6 style="text-align:left;"|[[File:Flag of United States.svg|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] United States
| style="text-align:left"|Arkansas ||rowspan=6 style="text-align:left"|<ref name="us 1"/><ref name="us 2"/>
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Iowa
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| style="text-align:left"|Nebraska
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| style="text-align:left"|North Dakota
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| style="text-align:left"|South Dakota 
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| style="text-align:left"|Wyoming 
|}

==Debate==
Several analysis have concluded that lockdowns did save lives in the aggregate, although admitting that data is insufficient to know how much of the reduction came from voluntary social distancing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Flaxman |first=S. |display-authors=et al|date=8 June 2020|title=Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Europe |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2405-7_reference.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Solomon Hsiang, Daniel Allen, Sébastien Annan-Phan, Kendon Bell, Ian Bolliger, Trinetta Chong, Hannah Druckenmiller, Luna Yue Huang, Andrew Hultgren, Emma Krasovich, Peiley Lau, Jaecheol Lee, Esther Rolf, Jeanette Tseng & Tiffany Wu|first=|date=8 June 2020|title=The effect of large-scale anti-contagion policies on the COVID-19 pandemic|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2404-8|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> Other epidemiologists have asserted that generalized lockdowns were enacted without reliable supporting data.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Booth|first=William |date=8 May 2020|title=A tale of two epidemics: Scientists in Sweden and Britain fight over who took the right public health path|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/a-tale-of-two-epidemics-scientists-in-sweden-and-the-uk-fight-over-who-took-the-right-public-health-path/2020/05/07/104f60be-8a5b-11ea-80df-d24b35a568ae_story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=IOANNIDIS|first=JOHN P.A. |date=17 March 2020|title=A fiasco in the making? As the coronavirus pandemic takes hold, we are making decisions without reliable data|url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/17/a-fiasco-in-the-making-as-the-coronavirus-pandemic-takes-hold-we-are-making-decisions-without-reliable-data/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> Empirical studies<ref>{{Cite web|last=He|first=Elaine|date=20 May 2020 |title=The Results of Europe’s Lockdown Experiment Are In|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2020-opinion-coronavirus-europe-lockdown-excess-deaths-recession/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reilly|first=Wilfried|date=22 April 2020|title=There is no empirical evidence for these lockdowns|url=https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/04/22/there-is-no-empirical-evidence-for-these-lockdowns/|url-status=live|archive-url= |archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> have questioned whether lockdowns actually saved lives, since they did not target the most vulnerable and elderly populations<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giesecke|first=Johan|date=5 May 2020 |title=The invisible pandemic|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(20)31035-7.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> yet risked new “deaths of despair” from unemployment and poverty.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Well Being Trust & The Robert Graham Center|first=|date=|title=The COVID Pandemic Could Lead to 75,000 Additional Deaths from Alcohol and Drug Misuse and Suicide |url=https://wellbeingtrust.org/areas-of-focus/policy-and-advocacy/reports/projected-deaths-of-despair-during-covid-19/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> Further criticism has targeted the Imperial College projection<ref>{{Cite web|authors=Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.|first=|date=16 March 2020|title=Report 9: Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand |url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-NPI-modelling-16-03-2020.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> that originally motivated generalized lockdowns in the US<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fond|first=John|date=6 May 2020|title=‘Professor Lockdown’ Modeler Resigns in Disgrace|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/professor-lockdown-modeler-resigns-in-disgrace/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> and UK<ref>{{Cite web |first=Katherine |last=Rushton |first2=Daniel |last2=Foggo |date=28 March 2020|title=Neil Ferguson, the scientist who convinced Boris Johnson of UK coronavirus lockdown, criticised in past for flawed research|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/28/neil-ferguson-scientist-convinced-boris-johnson-uk-coronavirus-lockdown-criticised/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> as overly extreme and based on poorly designed code.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Denim|first=Sue|date=10 May 2020|title=Code Review of Ferguson’s Model |url=https://lockdownsceptics.org/code-review-of-fergusons-model/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> Other academics have defended the Imperial projection as fundamentally sound, while admitting the code was “a buggy mess.”<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh Chawla|first=Dalmeet|date=8 June 2020|title=Critiqued coronavirus simulation gets thumbs up from code-checking efforts|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01685-y |url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>

The response to the pandemic has resulted in unprecedented expansion of government power. Advocates of small government worry that the state will be reluctant to give up that power once the crisis is over, as has often been the case historically.<ref>''The Economist'', 28 March 2020, page 7.</ref> Due to the perceived severity of such measures and the increase in government power, there has been much controversy surrounding lockdowns as a concept, with epidemiologists being divided on the issue, with notable proponents for lockdowns including [[Organization:Imperial College London|Imperial College London's]] Neil Ferguson and [[Organization:University of Cambridge|Cambridge's]] Rajiv Chowdhury, and those against lockdowns including [[Organization:University of Mainz|Mainz's]] Sucharit Bhakdi and Sweden's state epidemiologist: Anders Tegnell.<ref>''[https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-why-experts-disagree-so-strongly-over-how-to-tackle-the-disease-135825 The Conversation]'', 8 April 2020.</ref><ref>''[https://unherd.com/2020/04/which-epidemiologist-do-you-believe/ UnHerd]'', 27 April 2020.</ref>

Economists overwhelmingly supported increased government funding for mitigation efforts, even at the cost of tolerating a very large economic contraction. They agreed that lockdowns should continue until the threat of resurgence has declined, even when considering only the economic impact.<ref>http://www.igmchicago.org/surveys/policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis/</ref> There was consensus that "severe lockdowns — including closing non-essential businesses and strict limitations on people’s movement — are likely to be better for the economy in the medium term than less aggressive measures".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e593e7d4-b82a-4bf9-8497-426eee43bcbc |title=Archived copy |access-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200407121242/https://www.ft.com/content/e593e7d4-b82a-4bf9-8497-426eee43bcbc |archive-date=7 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
*COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines
*COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland
*COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Hubei
*COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India
*COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Italy
*National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
*[[Preventive action]] (lockdown)
*Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic
<!-- ==Notes==
{{notelist}} -->

==References==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Emergency management]]

{{Sourceattribution|COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns|1}}