View source for Social:Eye injuries in the 2019–2020 Chilean protests

[[File:Carabineros frente a manifestación feminista.jpg|thumb|Protester in Chile with eye patch, November 2, 2019.]]
[[File:Herido de perdigón.jpg|thumb|An injured protester during the 2019–2020 Chilean protests in Santiago.]]
The 2019–2020 Chilean protests are characterised by widespread [[Medicine:Eye injury|eye injuries]], including many [[Medicine:Globe rupture|globe rupture]]s ("exploded eyes"), among protesters as result of Chilean riot police's use of [[Engineering:Rubber bullet|"rubber" bullets]] and [[Chemistry:Tear gas|tear gas grenades]]. Data from the National Institute of Human Rights (INDH) shows that the use of "rubber" bullets and pellets by security forces has left at least 1863 injured, including 268 with eye problems.<ref name=INDHal31-1/> According to the Chilean Ophthalmology Society, this is the highest number of injuries of this type registered during protests or in conflict zones in the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/record-mundial-de-lesiones-oculares-durante-protestas-en-chile/2019-11-06/124519.html|title=Récord mundial de lesiones oculares durante protestas en Chile|date=November 6, 2019|access-date=November 29, 2019|agency=Cooperativa|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214010230/https://cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/record-mundial-de-lesiones-oculares-durante-protestas-en-chile/2019-11-06/124519.html|archive-date=December 14, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In late November, security forces announced the suspension of the use of "rubber" pellets as a crowd control method in the protests.<ref name="País">{{cite news |last1=Montes |first1=Rocío |title=La policía de Chile suspende el uso de perdigones tras herir a mil personas |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/11/20/america/1574270472_273528.html |access-date=November 29, 2019 |work=El País |date=November 21, 2019 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121200828/https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/11/20/america/1574270472_273528.html |archive-date=November 21, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The INDH updated figures at the end of January 2020 reporting that 427 persons had received eye injuries at the hands of the police.<ref name="Struggle">{{cite news |last1=McSherry |first1=J. Patrice |title=Chile's Struggle to Democratize the State |url=https://nacla.org/news/2020/02/24/chile-struggle-democratize-state-plebescite |access-date=February 29, 2020 |work=NACLA |date=February 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229190253/https://nacla.org/news/2020/02/24/chile-struggle-democratize-state-plebescite |archive-date=February 29, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Almost 90% of the injured are men.<ref name=DrLopez24hrs/> As of early January 2020 the age of injured goes from 14 to 59 years, and averages 28 years.<ref name=DrLopez24hrs/>

UTO, the Ocular Trauma Unit ({{lang-es|Unidad de Trauma Ocular}}) of Hospital del Salvador has treated the majority of eye injuries.<ref name=Eldiarioabandono>{{Cite news|title=Heridos oculares del estallido chileno, "abandonados" en medio de la pandemia|url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/Heridos-oculares-estallido-abandonados-pandemia_0_1034497245.html|date=June 6, 2020|access-date=June 19, 2020|work=El Diario|language=es}}</ref><ref name=Eltiempo2919/> By November 18 it was estimated that nearly 30% of the cases of eye injury that had occurred in the context of the protests involved "exploded eyes", a trauma for which there is no  remedy, and results in complete blindness of the affected eye.<ref name=UChile/> Monday October 21 is reported by ophthalmologist Mauricio López as one of the days with most eye injuries, that day Hospital Salvador received twenty cases of which ten alone came in the span of a single hour.<ref name=DrLopez24hrs>{{Cite news|title=Médicos de la U. de Chile analizan 182 casos de heridos en los ojos: 24 personas presentaron "estallido ocular"|url=https://www.24horas.cl/nacional/medicos-de-la-u-de-chile-analizan-182-casos-de-heridos-en-los-ojos-24-personas-presentaron-estallido-ocular-3828951|date=January 2, 2020|access-date=June 30, 2020|work=24horas.cl|publisher=TVN|language=es}}</ref> The high command of the Chilean police ordered an end to the use of supersock cartridges on October 31.<ref name=weibeljara2020/> Despite this and other initiatives declared by the high command the number of severe eye injuries in November was about the double as in October.<ref name=weibeljara2020/>  

As result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile many of the injured have not been able to continue their treatments.<ref name=Eldiarioabandono/> In the cases where injured have gone to hospital for treatment and supervision some have had to share rooms with COVID-19 patients.<ref name=Eldiarioabandono/>

Bandaged eyes had become so common that they become a symbol for protesters.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/19/world/americas/chile-protests-eye-injuries.html|title=A Bullet to the Eye Is the Price of Protesting in Chile|last=McDonald|first=Brent|date=November 19, 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 1, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129010015/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/19/world/americas/chile-protests-eye-injuries.html|archive-date=November 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/chile-protest-police-deaths-eye-injury-bullets-tear-gas-a9211946.html|title=A bullet to the eye is the price of protesting in Chile|date=November 21, 2019|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=December 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209080313/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/chile-protest-police-deaths-eye-injury-bullets-tear-gas-a9211946.html|archive-date=December 9, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/vb5949/bandaged-eyes-have-become-a-symbol-of-resistance-in-chile|title=Bandaged Eyes Have Become a Symbol of Resistance in Chile|last=Guzman|first=Andrea|date=November 29, 2019|website=Vice|language=en|access-date=December 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130230939/https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/vb5949/bandaged-eyes-have-become-a-symbol-of-resistance-in-chile|archive-date=November 30, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Among protestors the injured are considered "martyrs" and "proof of police brutality".<ref name=Eldiarioabandono/> The eyes bandages featuring in the "A Rapist in Your Path" performances are references to the victims that have suffered eye injuries 2019–2020 Chilean protests.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Santa Fe gritará "El violador eres tú", la canción feminista chilena que se volvió viral en el mundo|url=https://www.airedesantafe.com.ar/santa-fe/santa-fe-gritara-el-violador-eres-tu-la-cancion-feminista-chilena-que-se-volvio-viral-el-mundo-n136937|date=December 2, 2019|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Aire de Santa Fe|language=es}}</ref> Singer-songwriter Nano Stern released the song ''Regalé mis ojos'' (lit. "I gave away my eyes") on November 19 paying homage to Gustavo Gatica, who lost both eyes in the protests.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nano Stern lanzó emotiva canción dedicada a Gustavo Gatica |url=https://www.adnradio.cl/noticias/sociedad/nano-stern-lanzo-emotiva-cancion-dedicada-a-gustavo-gatica/20191119/nota/3980973.aspx |work=ADN Radio |date=November 19, 2019 |access-date=November 19, 2019}}</ref> Álex Anwandter covered one of his eyes in homage to the injured during the Olmué Festival in January 2020.<ref name=Alexr&p>{{Cite news|title="¡Que pague Piñera!" y el homenaje a los heridos marcaron la jornada en Olmué tras el estallido social|date=January 21, 2020|access-date=June 28, 2020|url=https://www.rockandpop.cl/2020/01/que-pague-pinera-y-el-homenaje-a-los-heridos-marcaron-la-jornada-en-olmue-tras-el-estallido-social/|work=Rock & Pop}}</ref> Anwandter then added that he hoped that "this time, in difference to the [Pinochet] dictatorship, there will be accountability. And the politically responsible, such as Piñera, will pay."<ref name=Alexr&p/> During Mon Laferte's show in the Viña del Mar International Song Festival members of her crew covered their eye in reference to the eye injuries.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mon Laferte se refirió a la situación actual de Chile durante su show en Viña|url=https://www.radioactiva.cl/2020/02/mon-laferte-se-refirio-a-la-situacion-actual-de-chile-durante-su-show-en-vina/|last=Benavente|first=Ingrid|date=February 24, 2020|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Radioactiva}}</ref> Fabiola Campillai and Gustavo Gatica, two well-known victims, were part of [[Social:Campaign advertising|campaign advertising]] for the "Approve" option in the 2020 Chilean national plebiscite held on October 25, 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Fabiola Campillai va por el Apruebo: una de las víctimas de lesiones oculares durante el estallido social participó en la franja electoral|url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/multimedia/2020/10/19/fabiola-campillai-va-por-al-apruebo-una-de-las-victimas-de-lesiones-oculares-durante-el-estallido-social-participo-de-la-franja-electoral/|date=October 19, 2020|access-date=January 3, 2021|url-status=live|work=El Mostrador|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Gustavo Gatica en franja del Apruebo: “Lo que hemos logrado hasta ahora no puede quedar en nada”|url=https://www.latercera.com/politica/noticia/gustavo-gatica-en-franja-del-apruebo-lo-que-hemos-logrado-hasta-ahora-no-puede-quedar-en-nada/ZYUCX5AC6VHXDPQ35T4ZWKG27Y/|date=September 25, 2020|access-date=January 3, 2021|url-status=live|work=La Tercera|language=Spanish}}</ref> Gatica subsequently received a string of offers to run in the 2021 Chilean Constitutional Convention election which he declined.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gustavo Gatica reveló que le ofrecieron ser candidato a la Convención Constitucional por el Club Social y Deportivo Colo Colo|url=https://www.adnradio.cl/nacional/2021/02/26/gustavo-gatica-revelo-que-le-ofrecieron-ser-candidato-a-la-convencion-constitucional-por-el-club-social-y-deportivo-colo-colo.html|last=Núñez|first=María Paz|date=February 26, 2021|access-date=June 2, 2021|work=ADN Radio|language=Spanish}}</ref>  
{| class="wikitable"  style="float:right; width=70%; font-size:90%; border:1px solid darkgrey;"
|+Injuries in 2019–2020 Chilean protest 
|-
| valign="top"|Date
|  style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"|Nov. 30, 2019<ref name=INDHinfanual/>
|  style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"|Dec. 20, 2019<ref name=INDHal20-12>{{Cite report|title=Información constatada por el INDH al 20-12-2019|date=2019-12-20|url=https://www.indh.cl/bb/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/informe-20-dic.pdf|access-date=2020-07-01|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos|language=es}}</ref>
|  style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"|Jan. 31, 2020<ref name=INDHal31-1>{{Cite report|title=Información constatada por el INDH al 31-01-2020|date=January 31, 2020|url=https://www.indh.cl/bb/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Reporte-31-enero-2020.pdf|access-date=June 30, 2020|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos|language=es}}</ref>
|-
| valign="top"|Injured by [[Engineering:Baton round|baton round]]
|  style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"| 1728{{efn-ua|Sum of small bullets ("balín") and pellet ("perdigón")}}
|  style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"| 1790
|  style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"| 1863{{efn-ua|Sum of small bullets ("balín") and pellet ("perdigón")}}
|-
| valign="top"|Total eye injuries
|  style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"| 347 
|  style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"| 359 
|  style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"| 427
|-
| valign="top"|Complete loss of vision<br>in one or two eyes{{efn-ua|Ocular loss plus ocular explosion}}
|  style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"| 21
|  style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"| 23  
|  style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"| 29 
|}

==Causes and responsibilities==
thumb|right|200px|[[Mario Rozas, Director General of Carabineros de Chile, Chile's main police force and the force in charge of riot control.]]
Analysis of the composition of the "rubber" pellets used by Chilean police shows that 80% of the pellets is made up of hard substances such as [[Chemistry:Silica|silica]] and [[Chemistry:Barium sulfate|barium sulfate]] while rubber makes up 20%. The measured hardness of the "rubber" pellets is 96.5 [[Shore durometer|shore A]].<ref name=UChile>{{Cite news|title=Investigación U. de Chile comprueba que perdigones usados por Carabineros contienen solo 20 por ciento de goma|url=https://www.uchile.cl/noticias/159315/perdigones-usados-por-carabineros-contienen-solo-20-por-ciento-de-goma|date=November 18, 2019|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Universidad de Chile}}</ref> The hardness of the pellets explain why "exploded eyes" are so common.<ref name=UChile/> Police sources cited by Ciper indicate the shotgun munitions being of the brand "supersock", containing [[Chemistry:Lead|lead]] and reaching velocities of 82 m/s.<ref name=weibeljara2020/>

Between October 18 and late December Chilean riot police shot 152 thousand "rubber" pellet [[Engineering:Cartridge (firearms)|cartridge]]s of which 104 thousands were fired in the first two weeks of protests.<ref name=weibeljara2020>{{Cite news|title=Carabineros revela que disparó 104 mil tiros de escopeta en las primeras dos semanas del estallido social|url=https://ciperchile.cl/2020/08/18/carabineros-revela-que-disparo-104-mil-tiros-de-escopeta-en-las-primeras-dos-semanas-del-estallido-social/|last=Weibel Barahona |first=Mauricio |last2=Jara |first2=Matías|date=August 18, 2020|access-date=August 21, 2020|work=Ciper|language=es}}</ref> As each cartridge has 12 pellets it means that 1.25 million pellets were fired in the first two weeks.<ref name=weibeljara2020/>

A survey of 19 people who suffered eye injury shows that 9 of them recall Chilean police aiming directly at their face.<ref name=INDHinfanual>{{Cite report|title=Informe anual: Sobre la situación de los Derechos Humanos en Chile en el contexto de la crisis social |date=November 30, 2019|url=https://bibliotecadigital.indh.cl/bitstream/handle/123456789/1701/Informe%20Final-2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2020-07-01|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos|language=es}}</ref> The fact that fewer cartridges were fired in November relative to October but that the number of eye injuries doubled from one month to another imply police may have deliberately aimed to injure protesters.<ref name=weibeljara2020/> An estimate by [[Biography:Astrophysicist|astrophysicist]] Nestor Espinoza shows that if the "rubber" pellets were fired truly randomly against people the number non-eye injuries would be in the order of 750,000.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Astrofísico chileno analiza la probabilidad de que te llegue un balín en el ojo|url=https://www.fayerwayer.com/2019/11/astrofisico-balin-ojo/|last=Calderón|first=Martín|date=November 13, 2019|access-date=August 21, 2020|work=FayerWayer|language=es}}</ref> 

It has been suggested that contributing factors to excessive police violence are the label of "[[Engineering:Non-lethal weapon|non-lethal weapon]]" which would have misslead police regarding the harm potential of weaponry,<ref name=noletal>{{Cite news|title=¿No letales? El daño que ha causado la munición que dispara Carabineros a los manifestantes y por qué debe prohibirse|url=https://ciperchile.cl/2020/05/27/no-letales-el-dano-que-ha-causado-la-municion-que-dispara-carabineros-a-los-manifestantes-y-por-que-debe-prohibirse/|last=Velásquez Valenzuela|first=Javier|last2=Fernández Carter|first2=Catalina|date=May 27, 2020|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Ciper|language=es}}</ref> and a lack of respect among the police officers in the field for the authority of Mario Rozas the Director General of Carabineros.{{efn-ua|In regards to the eye injuries and other police abuses journalist Mónica Gónzalez denounced on November 11, 2019, that Chilean police was "in fury" and "out of control and without pilot". González claims that part of the reason for this is that the Director General of Carabineros Mario Rozas does not inspire respect nor obedience among lower ranking officials.<ref name=Gonzalez11nov>{{Cite news|title=Furia desatada en Carabineros: fuera de control y sin piloto|url=https://ciperchile.cl/2019/11/12/furia-desatada-en-carabineros-fuera-de-control-y-sin-piloto/|last=González|first=Mónica|date=November 11, 2019|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Ciper|language=es|author-link=Mónica González (journalist)}}</ref> This disregard for Rozas authority is explained by González by Rozas being an armchair general linked to high-ranking officers investigated for corruption.<ref name=Gonzalez11nov/> Chilean police reject these accusations as unsubstantiated.<ref name=Parra12DEC>{{Cite news|title=Carta del general Mario Rozas y respuesta de Mónica González|url=https://ciperchile.cl/2019/12/12/carta-del-general-mario-rozas-y-respuesta-de-monica-gonzalez/|last1=Parra Aguilar|first1=Jorge|last2=González|first2=Mónica|date=December 12, 2019|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Ciper|language=es|author-link2=Mónica González (journalist)}}</ref>}}

A police officer identified in the press as "G-3"{{efn-ua|"G-3" had already gained a reputation of aggressiveness by his participation in various violent incidents related to the 2011–2012 Chilean student protests in Valparaíso. In 2012 he was part of a controversial raid against fans of Santiago Wanderers in a Valparaíso bar leading to extensive infrastructure damages.<ref>{{Cite news|title=El oscuro paso por Valparaíso del carabinero que recibió una pedrada en La Moneda|url=https://www.elciudadano.com/justicia/el-oscuro-paso-por-valparaiso-del-carabinero-que-recibio-una-pedrada-en-la-moneda/06/28/|last=Labbé Yáñez|first=Daniel|date=June 28, 2018|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=El Ciudadano}}</ref><ref name=desconciertoG3/>}} is accused to have used his "rubber"-pellet shotgun in an abusive manner against protesters in different times and places in late 2019.<ref name=mezajun2020/> "G-3" is investigated for the complete blinding of Gustavo Gatica on November 8.<ref name=Gustavovuelve/><ref name=mezajun2020>{{Cite news|title=Gustavo Gatica: Carabineros responde a posible ocultamiento de información|url=https://www.eldinamo.cl/nacional/2020/06/24/gustavo-gatica-caabineros-ocultamiento-de-informacion/?utm_medium=interno&utm_source=single-rel-sigueleyendo|last=Meza|first=Cristián|date=June 24, 2020|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=El Dínamo}}</ref> According to Amnesty International it is "unacceptable that the high command of the police tolerated that high ranking officials such as "G-3" made repetitive improper use of their weapons. By not taking measures to impede for this Subprefect ["G-3"] and his subordinates to continue operating outside established protocols and international norms, the high command of the police contributed to one of the most regrettable episodes of recent Chilean history."<ref name=mezajun2020/> After an internal police investigation on June "G-3" was fired,<ref name=desconciertoG3>{{Cite news|title=Caso Gustavo Gatica: Informan que oficial conocido como G-3 fue dado de baja de Carabineros|url=https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2020/06/26/caso-gustavo-gatica-informan-que-oficial-conocido-como-g-3-fue-dado-de-baja-de-carabineros/|date=June 26, 2020|access-date=June 30, 2020|work=El Desconcierto}}</ref> for manipulating evidence recorded in his corporal GoPro.<ref name=desconciertoG3/><ref name=Villaroel/>

===Political responsibilities=== 
thumb|right|200px|Funeral of journalist [[Mónica Echeverría in January 2020. Her last wish was to wear an eyepatch in homage to the injurees.]] 
Eye injuries were one of the topics addressed during the impeachment of Minister of the Interior and Public Security Andrés Chadwick in November 2019. On November 20 Ministry of Health Jaime Mañalich declared to the Chamber of Deputies that there was twelve persons with the loss of one eye and about thirty with serious injuries.<ref name=Camara20nov>{{Cite news|title=Ministros de Salud y Defensa exponen en comisión sobre acusación constitucional contra Chadwick|url=https://www.camara.cl/prensa/sala_de_prensa_detalle.aspx?prmid=138502|date=November 20, 2019|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados}}</ref> The President of the Chilean Medical College Izkia Siches made also declaration to the congress regarding eye injuries, expressing her belief that police has not followed the protocols on the use of "rubber" bullets.<ref name=Camara20nov/> On December 11, 2019 the impeachment motion was passed in the Senate effectively barring Chadwick to hold public office for five years.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Senado aprueba acusación constitucional en contra de Andrés Chadwick: exministro no podrá ejercer cargos públicos por cinco años|url=https://www.latercera.com/politica/noticia/senado-aprueba-acusacion-constitucional-andres-chadwick-exministro-no-podra-ejercer-cargos-publicos-cinco-anos/935035/|date=December 11, 2019|access-date=June 28, 2020|work=La Tercera|language=es}}</ref> An attempt to launch a similar impeachment process to destitute President Sebastián Piñera was rejected on December 12 as unconstitutional in the Chamber of Deputies.<ref name="uno">{{cite web|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/presidente-pinera/los-diputados-que-firmaron-la-acusacion-constitucional-contra-el/2019-11-19/134813.html|title=Los diputados que firmaron la acusación constitucional contra el Presidente Piñera|date=November 19, 2019|language=es|access-date=June 30, 2020|publisher=Radio Cooperativa}}</ref><ref name=cuestionprevia>{{cite web|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/presidente-pinera/camara-de-diputados-desecho-acusacion-constitucional-contra-el/2019-12-12/161205.html|title=Cámara de Diputados desechó acusación constitucional contra el Presidente Piñera|language=es|date=December 12, 2019|publisher=Radio Cooperativa}}</ref>

==Victims with complete loss of vision==
As of January 31, 2020, INDH counted 29 people who had suffered the complete loss of vision in one or both eyes.<ref name=INDHal31-1/> Some of these victims are:
*Gustavo Gatica a 21-year old psychology student from Santiago. Gatica was blinded in both eyes by police identified in the press as "G-3".<ref name=Gustavovuelve/><ref name=mezajun2020/> Gatica was blinded in November 8 and returned to Plaza Baquedano, the focal point of the protest Santiago, on March 11 amidst applauses from protesters.<ref name=Gustavovuelve>{{Cite news|title=Gustavo Gatica vuelve a Plaza Baquedano a cuatro meses de perder la visión|url=https://www.eldinamo.cl/nacional/2020/03/11/gustavo-gatica-vuelve-a-plaza-baquedano-a-cuatro-meses-de-perder-la-vision/|date=March 11, 2020|access-date=June 28, 2020|work=El Dínamo}}</ref>
*A 16-year old from [[Place:Coquimbo Region|Coquimbo Region]]. He suffered the complete loss of vision in one eye as result of an ocular explosion caused by the impact of shotgun "rubber" pellets on November 11, 2019.<ref name=CoquimboINDH>{{Cite news|title=INDH de Coquimbo se querella por el caso de adolescente que perdió su ojo por disparo de perdigón|url=https://www.indh.cl/indh-de-coquimbo-se-querella-por-el-caso-de-adolescente-que-perdio-su-ojo-por-disparo-de-perdigon/|date=November 25, 2019|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos|language=es}}</ref> The teenager reports to have taken shelter against tear gas in a bus stop when he leaned out his head to look out for his cousins when he was hit.<ref name=CoquimboINDH/> According to his testimony he was subsequently thrown to the ground by a policeman and had then his head pressed against the ground by the boots of second policeman.<ref name=CoquimboINDH/> The 16-year old was taken to the Coquimbo Hospital by police and recalls that police officers contradicted his version claiming to him that he was hit by a stone. In the same incident police would also have made commentaries about raping, killing him and hitting him.<ref name=CoquimboINDH/>
*Manuel Véliz a 21-year old construction worker from Santiago. Before the protests he had been unemployed since September. Véliz recalls that having participated in the protests the previous week on Friday November 15 he was returning home after having gone out to search for work. In the afternoon he encountered the protests and was subsequently shot in eye by police at 7:10. He was taken to hospital in an ambulance together with Fabián, another protester injured in the eye. Véliz stayed hospital until November 17.<ref name=Eltiempo2919>{{Cite news|title=Los ojos perdidos de Chile|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/bocas/manuel-veliz-otro-ojo-perdido-en-chile-446250|last=de la Paz|first=Patricio|date=December 24, 2019|access-date=June 28, 2020|work=El Tiempo}}</ref> 
*Fabiola Campillai, a 36-year old worker and firefighter.<ref name=PaisSept2020/> On November 26 she was hit by a tear gas grenade permanently losing the sight in both eyes<ref name=Mujer36INDH/> and the senses of [[Biology:Olfaction|olfaction]] and [[Biology:Taste|taste]].<ref name=Villaroel>{{Cite news|title=Carabineros da de baja a funcionario acusado de incumplir protocolos en caso de Gustavo Gatica|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-metropolitana/2020/06/19/carabineros-da-baja-funcionario-acusado-incumplir-protocolos-caso-gustavo-gatica.shtml|last=Villaroel|first=María José|date=June 19, 2020|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Radio Bío-Bío}}</ref> Campillai was going to her nighttime work when she was hit by the grenade.<ref name=Mujer36INDH>{{Cite news|title=INDH se querella por homicidio frustrado contra Carabineros en favor de trabajadora que habría perdido visión de ambos ojos|url=https://www.indh.cl/indh-se-querella-por-homicidio-frustrado-contra-carabineros-en-favor-de-trabajadora-que-habria-perdido-vision-de-ambos-ojos/|date=November 27, 2020|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos|language=es}}</ref> She was accompanied by her sister, Ana María, when the incident happened.<ref name=PaisSept2020>{{Cite news|title=Los ojos de Fabiola Campillai que la policía chilena cegó|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2020/08/26/planeta_futuro/1598434613_683722.html|last=Jara|first=Ilsen|date=September 1, 2020|access-date=June 2, 2021|work=El País|language=Spanish}}</ref> Ana María immediately confronted the police squad who shot the grenade, but had a grenade shot next to her causing her dress to catch fire.<ref name=PaisSept2020/> As the police denied Fabiola aid, Ana María shouted for help to which a neighbor reacted and brought Fabiola to hospital in his car.<ref name=PaisSept2020/> The next day police showed up outside Ana Marías house aiming to bring her to the police station, without showing any valid arrest warrant, which Ana María rejected after consulting with her lawyer.<ref name=PaisSept2020/> As of June 19, 2020, no suspect had been identified,<ref name=Villaroel/> but then on August 14 2020 two police officers were fired for their involvement in the case.<ref name=PaisSept2020/> Both the officer in charge of the squad and the one who shot have been identified, and the latter brought to justice.<ref name=PaisSept2020/> The involved officers deny having aimed at her body or noticed that Fabiola had been injured.<ref name=PaisSept2020/> 
*Diego Lastra, medical student. Lastra was celebrating New Year's Eve in Plaza Italia when he was struck by a tear gas grenade. He fell to the ground and was then moved around in the ground by the shoot of a [[Chemistry:Water cannon|water cannon]]. Lastra suffered the complete loss of vision in his left eye.<ref name=LastraINDH>{{Cite news|title=INDH presenta querella por joven que perdió un ojo por lacrimógena en año nuevo en Plaza Italia|url=https://www.indh.cl/indh-presenta-querella-por-joven-que-perdio-un-ojo-por-lacrimogena-en-ano-nuevo-en-plaza-italia/|date=January 8, 2020|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos|language=es}}</ref>
*Matías Orellana, schoolteacher. Orellana was hit by a tear gas grenade in Valparaíso in the at 4 o'clock in morning of January 1, 2020. He was hit while walking in the street with a group of friends while they passed through a zone where there were a police operation in relation to protests was taking place. The resulting injuries lead to the complete loss of vision in one eye.<ref name=OrellanaINDH>{{Cite news|title=INDH se querella por lesión a profesor que perdió un ojo en Valparaíso|url=https://www.indh.cl/indh-se-querella-por-lesion-a-profesor-que-perdio-la-vista-en-un-ojo-en-valparaiso/|date=January 4, 2020|access-date=June 29, 2020|work=Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos|language=es}}</ref>

==See also==
*Emma Groves
*Human rights violations in Pinochet's Chile
*Primera Línea
*[[Medicine:United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets|United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist-ua}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eye injury in the 2019-2020 Chilean protests}}
[[Category:Police brutality]]
[[Category:Eye injury|Chile]]

{{Sourceattribution|Eye injuries in the 2019–2020 Chilean protests|1}}