View source for Social:Intangible cultural heritage

{{Short description|Class of UNESCO designated cultural heritage}}
An '''intangible cultural heritage''' ('''ICH''') is a practice, representation, [[Social:Cultural expressions|expression]], knowledge, or skill considered by [[Organization:UNESCO|UNESCO]] to be part of a place's [[Social:Cultural heritage|cultural heritage]]. Buildings, [[History:Historic site|historic places]], monuments, and [[Social:Artifact (archaeology)|artifacts]] are [[Social:Cultural property|cultural property]]. Intangible heritage consists of nonphysical intellectual wealth, such as [[Social:Folklore|folklore]], customs, [[Philosophy:Belief|belief]]s, [[Philosophy:Tradition|tradition]]s, knowledge, and [[Social:Language|language]].
Intangible cultural heritage is considered by member states of UNESCO in relation to the tangible World Heritage focusing on intangible aspects of culture. In 2001, UNESCO made a survey<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=EN&meeting_id=00057#meet_00057
|title=Meeting of 2001
|publisher=UNESCO
|access-date=20 June 2007 
}}</ref> among States and [[Social:Non-governmental organization|NGOs]] to try to agree on a definition, and the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=EN&pg=home
|title=Official website
|publisher=UNESCO
|access-date=20 June 2007 
}}</ref> was drafted in 2003 for its protection and promotion.

==Definition==
[[File:Cafe-schwarzenberg-innen-viennaphoto-at.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Viennese coffee house]] culture, a special form of cultural heritage<ref>[http://immaterielleskulturerbe.unesco.at/cgi-bin/unesco/element.pl?lang=en&bl=0&cat=3&aufnahmejahr=0&=Search&suchtext= Intangible Cultural Heritage in Austria: ''Viennese Coffee House Culture'']</ref>
]]
The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/convention|title = UNESCO}}</ref> defines the intangible cultural heritage as the practices, representations, expressions, as well as the knowledge and skills (including instruments, objects, artifacts, [[Social:Cultural area|cultural spaces]]), that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognise as part of their cultural heritage. It is sometimes called living cultural heritage, and is manifested in the following domains, among others:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/services/documentation/archives/multimedia/?id_page=13|title=Definition of Intangible Heritage|last=LOMITKO|date=1 October 2005}}</ref>

* Oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage; 
* Performing arts; 
* Social practices, rituals and festive events; 
* Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe; 
* Traditional craftsmanship
[[File:Music lesson Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2421.jpg|thumb|right|A painting on an ancient Greek vase depicts a music lesson ({{Circa|510 BC}})]]
[[Social:Cultural heritage|Cultural heritage]] in general consists of the products and processes of a [[Social:Culture|culture]] that are preserved and passed on through the generations.<ref>{{Citation|last=Vrdoljak|first=Ana Filipa|title=Indigenous peoples, intangible cultural heritage and participation in the United Nations|date=2017-12-06|work=Intellectual Property, Cultural Property and Intangible Cultural Heritage|pages=50–66|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9781315714288-3|isbn=978-1-315-71428-8}}</ref> Some of that heritage takes the form of [[Social:Cultural property|cultural property]], formed by tangible artefacts such as buildings or works of art. Many parts of culture, however are intangible, including song, [[Physics:Music|music]], dance, drama, [[Philosophy:Skill|skill]]s, cuisine, crafts and festivals. They are forms of culture that can be recorded but cannot be touched or stored in physical form, like in a museum, but only experienced through a vehicle giving expression to it. These cultural vehicles are called "Human Treasures" by the UN. The protection of languages, as the largest and most important intangible cultural heritage, should also be mentioned in this context or, according to Karl von Habsburg, President of Blue Shield International, important in the age of identity wars, because language in particular can become a target for attack as a symbolic cultural asset.<ref>Gerold Keusch: Kulturgüterschutz in der Ära der Identitätskriege (German – Protection of cultural property in the era of identity wars). In: Truppendienst – Magazin des Österreichischen Bundesheeres, 24 October 2018.</ref>
[[File:No-Maske Zo-onna Museum Rietberg RJP 4024.jpg|thumb|right|Noh mask. {{wipe|Japan}} was the first country to introduce legislation to protect and promote its intangible heritage.<ref name="Yang"/>]]
According to the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) – or living heritage – is the mainspring of humanity's [[Social:Cultural diversity|cultural diversity]] and its maintenance a guarantee for continuing creativity. It is defined as follows:

<blockquote>Intangible Cultural Heritage means the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills – as well as the instruments, objects, artifacts and cultural spaces associated therewith – that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. This intangible cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation, is constantly recreated by communities and groups in response to their environment, their interaction with nature and their history, and provides them with a sense of identity and continuity, thus promoting respect for cultural diversity and human creativity. For the purposes of this Convention, consideration will be given solely to such intangible cultural heritage as is compatible with existing international human rights instruments, as well as with the requirements of mutual respect among communities, groups and individuals, and of sustainable development.</blockquote>

===Oral history===
{{main|History:Oral history}}

Intangible cultural heritage is slightly different from the discipline of [[History:Oral history|oral history]], the recording, preservation and interpretation of historical information (specifically, [[Social:Oral tradition|oral tradition]]), based on the personal experiences and opinions of the speaker. ICH attempts to preserve cultural heritage 'with' the people or community by protecting the processes that allow traditions and shared knowledge to be passed on while oral history seeks to collect and preserve historical information obtained from individuals and groups.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Food heritage===
With [[Sustainable development|sustainable development]] gaining momentum as a priority of UNESCO heritage policies, an increasing number of food-related nominations are being submitted for inscription on the lists of the convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://frictions.hypotheses.org/184|title=At the UNESCO feast: introduction|date=27 May 2016 }}</ref> The Mediterranean diet,<ref>{{cite book|language=fr|author=SILVA, A. J. M.|title=Le régime UNESCO (Discours et pratiques alimentaires en Méditerranée vol. III)|place=Charleston|editor=Create Space|year=2016|isbn=978-1532997112|url=https://www.academia.edu/27222415}}</ref> the traditional Mexican cuisine and the Japanese dietary culture of washoku are just some examples of this booming phenomenon.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Dance heritage===
[[File:Tango dancers in Montevideo.png|thumb|Tango, an example of a cultural heritage shared between two countries, {{wipe|Argentina}} and Uruguay.]]
The UNESCO lists of intangible cultural heritage also include a variety of dance genres, often associated with singing, music and celebrations, from all over the world. The lists include: celebratory and ritual dances such as Ma'di bowl lyre music and [[Religion:Sebiba|Sebiba]] dance from Algeria and dance from Uganda and Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan from India, and social dances such as Cuban rumba. Also, some dances are localised and practised mainly in their country of origin, such as Sankirtana, a performing art that includes drumming and singing, from India.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Other dance forms,<ref>[http://www.worlddanceheritage.org/international-heritage/ Dance as a form of intangible heritage]</ref> however, even if they are officially recognised as heritage from their country of origin, are practised and enjoyed all over the world. For example, flamenco from Spain and tango, from Argentina and Uruguay, have an international dimension. Dance is a complex phenomenon, which involves culture, traditions, the use of human bodies, artefacts (such as costumes and props), as well as a specific use of music, space and sometimes light. As a result, a lot of tangible and intangible elements<ref>[http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/drs.2016.0147 Lo Iacono, Valeria and Brown, David – ''Beyond Binarism: Exploring a Model of Living Cultural Heritage for Dance''. Dance Research Journal, Vol. 34, April 2016]
</ref> are combined within dance, making it a challenging but interesting type of heritage to safeguard.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Digital heritage===
{{Main|Social:Digital heritage}}
[[Social:Digital heritage|Digital heritage]] is a representation of heritage in the digital realm and is a sub-category of Intangible Cultural Heritage.<ref name="nova">{{cite journal|title=Transmitting Al Ardha: Traditional Arab Sword Dance|first=Muqeem|last=Khan|date=1 March 2015|journal=International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era|volume=4|issue=1|pages=71–86|doi=10.1260/2047-4970.4.1.71}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It refers primarily to the use of [[Digital media|digital media]] in the service of preserving [[Social:Cultural heritage|cultural]] or [[Earth:Natural heritage|natural heritage]].<ref>{{cite book |title=New Heritage: New Media and Cultural Heritage |editor=Yehuda Kalay |editor2=Thomas Kvan |editor3=Janice Affleck |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-135-97770-2}}</ref><ref>Ann Marie Sullivan, Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past, 15 J. MARSHALL REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 604 (2016) https://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1392&context=ripl</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Theorizing Digital Cultural Heritage: A Critical Discourse |editor=Fiona Cameron |editor2=Sarah Kenderdine |editor2-link=Sarah Kenderdine |publisher=MIT Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-262-03353-4}}</ref>

=== Sports heritage ===
{{Excerpt|Traditional Sports and Games|paragraphs=2}}

==Oral continuity==
{{main|Social:Oral tradition}}
{{Gallery
|align=right
|mode=nolines
|File:Pol festival 2007.JPG|Greek polyphonic group from Dropull wearing skoufos and fustanella
|File:A traditional male folk group from Skrapar.JPG|Albanian polyphonic group from Skrapar wearing qeleshe and fustanella
}}
Intangible cultural heritage is passed orally within a community, and while there may be individuals who are known tradition bearers, ICH is often broader than one individual's own skills or knowledge. A 2006 report by the government of Newfoundland and Labrador said, regarding oral culture in their area, "The processes involved in the continuation of this traditional knowledge constitute one of the most interesting aspects of our living heritage. Each member of the community possesses a piece of the shared knowledge.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Farah|first1=Paolo Davide|last2=Tremolada|first2=Riccardo|title=Desirability of Commodification of Intangible Cultural Heritage: The Unsatisfying Role of Intellectual Property Rights|journal=Transnational Dispute Management|date=March 15, 2014|volume=11|issue=2|ssrn=2472339}}</ref> Crucial knowledge is passed on during community activities, frequently without any conscious attention to the process."<ref>{{cite book |title=Creative Newfoundland and Labrador: The Blueprint for Development and Investment in Culture |date=2006 |publisher=Government of Newfoundland and Labrador |location=St. John's, NL |url=http://www.tcii.gov.nl.ca/artsculture/pdf/culturalplan2006.pdf}}</ref>

==Preservation==
{{Main|Social:Preservation of meaning}}
Prior to the UNESCO Convention, efforts had already been made by a number of states to safeguard their intangible heritage.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/en/databases/creative_heritage/docs/subtle_power.pdf |title=The Subtle Power of Intangible Heritage: Legal and Financial Instruments for Safeguarding Intangible Heritage |author=Deacon, Harriet (''et al.'') |publisher=Human Sciences Research Council |year=2004 |isbn=978-0796920744 |page=21}}</ref> Japan, with its 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, was the first to introduce legislation to preserve and promote intangible as well as tangible culture: Important Intangible Cultural Properties are designated and "holders" recognized of these craft and performance traditions, known informally as Living National Treasures.<ref name="Yang">{{cite book |title=Cultural Protection Policy in Korea: Intangible Cultural Properties and Living National Treasures |author=Yang Jongsung |publisher=Jimoondang International |year=2003 |isbn=978-1931897051 |pages=33ff}}</ref><ref name=Kurin>{{cite journal|last=Kurin|first=Richard|title=Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in the 2003 UNESCO Convention: a critical appraisal|journal=Museum International|date=1 May 2004|volume=56|issue=1–2|pages=66–77|doi=10.1111/j.1350-0775.2004.00459.x|s2cid=142579517}}</ref> Other countries, including South Korea (Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea), the Philippines, [[Social:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine|Ukraine]], the United States, Thailand, France, Romania, the Czech Republic, and Poland, have since created similar programs.<ref name=Kurin/>

In 2003 UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. This went into effect on 20 April 2006. The Convention recommends that countries and scholars develop inventories of ICH in their territory, as well as work with the groups who maintain these ICH to ensure their continued existences; it also provides for funds to be voluntarily collected among UNESCO members and then disbursed to support the maintenance of recognized ICH.<ref name=Kurin/> UNESCO has also created other intangible culture programs, such as a list called Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. This list began in 2001 with 19 items and a further 28 were listed in 2003 and another 43 in 2005. In part, the original list was seen as a way to correct the imbalance in the World Heritage List, since it excluded many Southern Hemisphere cultures which did not produce monuments or other physical cultural manifestations.<ref name = Kurin/> It was superseded in 2008 by the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Recently there has been much debate over protecting intangible cultural heritage through intellectual property rights, as well as the desirability to do so through this legal framework and the risks of commodification derived from this possibility.<ref>[http://ssrn.com/abstract=2705698 Farah, Paolo Davide and Tremolada, Riccardo ''Conflict between Intellectual Property Rights and Human Rights: A Case Study on Intangible Cultural Heritage'' (December 19, 2015). Oregon Law Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2015]
</ref> The issue still remains open in legal scholarship.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

==UNESCO lists by country==
''Note'': Each country may maintain its own cultural heritage lists, items of which are not necessarily inscribed into UNESCO lists.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Rank || Country|| No. of elements inscribed by UNESCO<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/lists?multinational=3&display1=inscriptionID&display=maps#tabs|title=Map of the Intangible Cultural Heritage|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref>
|-
|1
| {{flagu|China}}
| 43<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/china-CN|title=China – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|2
| {{flagu|Turkey}}
| 30<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/turkey-TR|title=Turkey – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|3
| {{flagdeco|France}} France
| 28<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/france-FR|title=France – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|4
| {{flagdeco|Spain}} Spain
| 25<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/spain-ES|title=Spain – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|5
| {{flagdeco|Iran}} Iran
| 24<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/iran-islamic-republic-of-IR|title=Iran – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|6
| {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} Azerbaijan
| 23<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/azerbaijan-AZ|title=Azerbaijan – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|7
| {{flagdeco|Croatia}} Croatia, {{flagu|Japan}}, {{flagu|South Korea}}
| 22<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/croatia-HR|title=Croatia – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/japan-JP|title=Japan – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/republic-of-korea-KR|title=Republic of Korea – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|8
| {{flagdeco|Italy}} Italy
| 19<ref name="Italy – intangible heritage">{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/italy-IT|title=Italy – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|9
| {{flagdeco|Belgium}} Belgium
| 18<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/belgium-BE|title=Belgium – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|10
| {{flagdeco|India}} India, {{flagu|Kyrgyzstan}}, {{flagu|Mongolia}}, {{flagu|Vietnam}}, {{flagdeco|United Arab Emirates}} United Arab Emirates, {{flagu|Uzbekistan}}
| 15<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/india-IN|title=India – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/kyrgyzstan-KG|title=Kyrgyzstan – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/mongolia-MN|title=Mongolia – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/viet-nam-VN|title=Viet Nam – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/united-arab-emirates-AE|title=United Arab Emirates – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/uzbekistan-UZ|title=Uzbekistan – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|11
| {{flagu|Colombia}}, {{flagdeco|Morocco}} Morocco, {{flagdeco|Oman}} Oman, {{flagdeco|Peru}} Peru
| 14<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/colombia-CO|title=Colombia – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/morocco-MA|title=Morocco – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/oman-OM|title=Oman – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/peru-PE|title=Peru – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|12
| {{flagu|Indonesia}}, {{flagu|Kazakhstan}}, {{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} Saudi Arabia
| 13<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/indonesia-ID|title=Indonesia – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/kazakhstan-KZ|title=Kazakhstan – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/saudi-arabia-SA|title=Saudi Arabia – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|13
| {{flagu|Mexico}}
| 12<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/mexico-MX|title=Mexico – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|14
| {{flagu|Algeria}}, {{flagdeco|Austria}} Austria
| 11<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/algeria-DZ|title=Algeria – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/austria-AT|title=Austria – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|15
| {{flagu|Czech Republic}}, {{flagdeco|Germany}} Germany, {{flagdeco|Greece}} Greece, {{flagdeco|Portugal}} Portugal, {{flagu|Romania}}, {{flagdeco|Switzerland}} Switzerland
| 10<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/czechia-CZ|title=Czech Republic – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/germany-DE|title=Germany – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/greece-GR|title=Greece – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/portugal-PT|title=Portugal – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/romania-RO|title=Romania – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/switzerland-CH|title=Switzerland – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|16
| {{flagu|Bolivia}}, {{flagu|Brazil}}, {{flagu|Hungary}}, {{flagu|Mali}}, {{flagu|Slovakia}}, {{flagu|Venezuela}}
| 9<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/bolivia-plurinational-state-of-BO|title=Bolivia – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/brazil-BR|title=Brazil – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/hungary-HU|title=Hungary – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/mali-ML|title=Mali – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/slovakia-SK|title=Slovakia – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/venezuela-bolivarian-republic-of-VE|title=Venezuela – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|17
| {{flagdeco|Armenia}} Armenia, {{flagu|Bulgaria}}, {{flagu|Egypt}}
| 8<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/armenia-AM|title=Armenia – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/bulgaria-BG|title=Bulgaria – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/egypt-EG|title=Egypt – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|18
| {{flagdeco|Cyprus}} Cyprus, {{flagu|Malaysia}}, {{flagu|Nigeria}}, {{flagu|Slovenia}}, {{flagu|Tunisia}}
| 7<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/cyprus-CY|title=Cyprus – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/malaysia-MY|title=Malaysia – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/nigeria-NG|title=Nigeria – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Slovenia – intangible heritage|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/slovenia-SI |website=ich.unesco.org|access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/tunisia-TN|title=Tunisia – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|19
| {{flagdeco|Cambodia}} Cambodia, {{flagu|Cuba}}, {{flagu|Malawi}}, {{flagu|Mauritania}}, {{flagdeco|Palestine}} Palestine, {{flagdeco|Philippines}} Philippines, {{flagu|Poland}}, {{flagu|Syria}}, {{flagu|Uganda}}
| 6<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/cambodia-KH|title=Cambodia – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/cuba-CU|title=Cuba – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/malawi-MW|title=Malawi – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/mauritania-MR|title=Mauritania – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/palestine-PS|title=Palestine – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/philippines-PH|title=Philippines – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/poland-PL|title=Poland – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/syrian-arab-republic-SY|title=Syria – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/uganda-UG|title=Uganda – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|20
| {{flagu|Bangladesh}}, {{flagu|Belarus}}, {{flagdeco|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} Bosnia and Herzegovina, {{flagu|Estonia}}, {{flagdeco|Kenya}} Kenya, {{flagdeco|Luxembourg}} Luxembourg, {{flagdeco|Netherlands}} Netherlands, {{flagu|Ukraine}}, {{flagu|Zambia}}
| 5<ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO - Bangladesh |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/bangladesh-BD |website=ich.unesco.org |access-date=7 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/belarus-BY|title=Belarus – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/bosnia-and-herzegovina-BA|title=Bosnia and Herzegovina – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/estonia-EE|title=Estonia – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/kenya-KE|title=Kenya – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/luxembourg-LU|title=Luxembourg – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/netherlands-NL|title=Netherlands – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/ukraine-UA|title=Ukraine – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/zambia-ZM|title=Zambia – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|21
| {{flagu|Dominican Republic}}, {{flagu|Ecuador}}, {{flagu|Finland}}, {{flagu|Guatemala}}, {{flagu|Ireland}}, {{flagu|Ivory Coast}}, {{flagdeco|Kuwait}} Kuwait, {{flagu|Lithuania}}, {{flagu|Mauritius}}, {{flagu|Moldova}}, {{flagu|North Korea}}, {{flagdeco|Qatar}} Qatar, {{flagu|Thailand}}, {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Yemen
| 4<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/dominican-republic-DO|title=Dominican Republic – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/ecuador-EC|title=Ecuador – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/finland-FI|title=Finland – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/guatemala-GT|title=Guatemala – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/ireland-IE|title=Ireland – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/cote-d-ivoire-CI|title=Ivory Coast – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/kuwait-KW|title=Kuwait – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/lithuania-LT|title=Lithuania – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/mauritius-MU|title=Mauritius – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/republic-of-moldova-MD|title=Moldova – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/democratic-people-s-republic-of-korea-KP|title=North Korea – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/qatar-QA|title=Qatar – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/thailand-TH|title=Thailand – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/yemen-YE|title=Yemen – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|-
|22
| {{flagdeco|Albania}} Albania, {{flagdeco|Andorra}} Andorra, {{flagdeco|Bahrain}} Bahrain, {{flagu|Botswana}}, {{flagu|Latvia}}, {{flagu|Madagascar}}, {{flagu|Mozambique}}, {{flagdeco|Pakistan}} Pakistan, {{flagu|Sweden}}
| 3<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/albania-AL|title=Albania – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/andorra-AD|title=Andorra – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/bahrain-BH|title=Bahrain – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/botswana-BW|title=Botswana – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/latvia-LV|title=Latvia – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/madagascar-MG|title=Madagascar – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/mozambique-MZ|title=Mozambique – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/pakistan-PK|title=Pakistan – intangible heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/sweden-SE|title=Sweden – intangible heritage}}</ref>
|}

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== See also ==
<!-- New links in alphabetical order please -->
* Living human treasure
* [[Social:Non-material culture|Non-material culture]]
* UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
* Intangible cultural heritage of Meitei civilization

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

*Petrillo Pier Luigi, Biocultural diversity and the Mediterranean Diet, in FAO, Sustainable diets and biodiversity, Rome 2012
* Petrillo Pier Luigi, The Legal Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage. A comparative Perspective, Springer 2020

== External links ==
{{wikivoyage|UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}
*[https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/00078-EN.pdf Definitions of Intangible Cultural Heritage] as of States, IGOs and NGOs in 2001
*[https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention Full text of the Convention]
*[https://www.academia.edu/1805038/What_is_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_ICH_ What Is ICH?] document from Newfoundland, Canada
*[http://www.worlddanceheritage.org/living-heritage/ Exploring a Model of Living Cultural Heritage] New model of Intangible heritage
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190209125626/https://www.culturequintessence.com/en/intangible-cultural-heritage-home/ Culture Quintessence] Internationally oriented enterprise dedicated to the protection, appreciation and transmission of Intangible Cultural Heritage
* [https://dedalo.dev Dédalo. Open source software for management of Cultural Heritage (tangible and intangible) and Oral History]
*[https://patrimoniuindustrial.com/en/immaterial/ Intangible Spanish heritage]

{{World topic|title=Lists of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage elements|prefix=List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in|noredlinks=yes}}

[[Category:Cultural heritage]]
[[Category:Cultural anthropology]]

{{Sourceattribution|Intangible cultural heritage}}