View source for Social:List of current monarchies

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{{see|List of current monarchs of sovereign states|List of current constituent monarchs|List of current monarchies by continent}}
This is a list of current  [[Social:Monarchy|monarchies]]. {{As of|2019}}, there are 44 [[Earth:Sovereign state|sovereign state]]s in the world with a monarch as [[Social:Head of state|Head of state]]. 13 in Asia, 12 in Europe, 10 in North America, 6 in Oceania and 3 in Africa.

==Types of monarchy==
These are roughly the categories which modern monarchies fall into:

* '''Commonwealth realms'''. Queen Elizabeth II is the monarch of sixteen Commonwealth realms (Antigua and Barbuda; the Commonwealth of Australia; the Commonwealth of the Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; {{wipe|Canada}}; Grenada; Jamaica; [[Earth:New Zealand|New Zealand]]; the Independent State of Papua New Guinea; the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Solomon Islands; Tuvalu; and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). They evolved out of the [[Place:British Empire|British Empire]] into fully independent states within the [[Organization:Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth of Nations]] that retain the Queen as head of state, unlike other Commonwealth countries that are either dependencies, republics or have a different royal house. All sixteen realms are constitutional monarchies and full democracies, where the Queen has limited powers or a largely ceremonial role.
* '''Other European constitutional monarchies'''.
**The Principality of Andorra; the Kingdom of Belgium; the Kingdom of Denmark; the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the Kingdom of Norway; the {{wipe|Spain}}; and the Kingdom of Sweden are fully democratic states in which the monarch has a limited or largely ceremonial role.
**Andorra is unique among all existing monarchies, as it is a [[Social:Diarchy|diarchy]], with the Co-Princeship being shared by the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell. This arrangement creates a unique situation among monarchies, as a) neither Co-Prince is of Andorran descent, b) one is elected by common citizens of a foreign country (France), but not by Andorrans as they cannot vote in the French Presidential Elections, c) the other, the bishop of Urgell, is appointed by a foreign head of state, the Pope.
* '''European mixed monarchies'''. Liechtenstein and Monaco are constitutional monarchies in which the Prince retains many powers of an absolute monarch. For example, the 2003 Constitution referendum gives the Prince of Liechtenstein the power to veto any law that the [[Social:Landtag|Landtag]] (parliament) proposes and vice versa. The Prince can hire or dismiss any elective member or government employee from his or her post. However, unlike an absolute monarch, the people can call for a referendum to end the Prince's reign. The Prince of Monaco has simpler powers: he cannot hire or dismiss any elective member or government employee from his or her post, but he can select the minister of state, government council and judges.
* <p>'''Muslim monarchies'''. These Muslim monarchs of the Kingdom of Bahrain; the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace; the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan; the State of Kuwait; the Kingdom of Morocco; the Sultanate of Oman; the State of Qatar; and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]] generally retain far more powers than their European or Commonwealth counterparts.</p><p>Absolute monarchs remain in the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace; the Sultanate of Oman; the State of Qatar; and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Bahrain, and the State of Kuwait are classified as mixed, meaning there are representative bodies of some kind, but the monarch retains most of his powers. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Malaysia, the Kingdom of Morocco, and the United Arab Emirates are constitutional monarchies, but their monarchs still retain more substantial powers than in European equivalents.</p>
* '''East and Southeast Asian constitutional monarchies'''. The Kingdom of Bhutan; the Kingdom of Cambodia; {{wipe|Japan}}; and the Kingdom of Thailand have constitutional monarchies where the monarch has a limited or ceremonial role. Thailand changed from traditional absolute monarchy into a constitutional one during the twentieth century, while the Kingdom of Bhutan changed in 2008. The Kingdom of Cambodia had its own monarchy after independence from the French Colonial Empire, which was deposed after the Khmer Rouge came into power. The monarchy was subsequently restored in the peace agreement of 1993.
* '''Other monarchies'''. Five monarchies do not fit into one of the above groups by virtue of geography or class of monarchy: the Kingdom of Tonga in [[Place:Polynesia|Polynesia]]; Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland) and the Kingdom of Lesotho in [[Earth:Africa|Africa]]; and the [[Religion:Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] (S.M.O.M.), and the Vatican City State in [[Earth:Europe|Europe]]. Of these, the Kingdom of Lesotho and the Kingdom of Tonga are constitutional monarchies, while the Kingdom of Eswatini and the Vatican City State are absolute monarchies. The Kingdom of Eswatini is increasingly being considered a [[Social:Diarchy|diarchy]]. The King, or Ngwenyama, rules alongside his mother, the Ndlovukati, as dual heads of state originally designed to be checks on political power. The Ngwenyama, however, is considered the administrative head of state, while the Ndlovukati is considered the spiritual and national head of state, a position which has become largely symbolic in recent years.  S.M.O.M. is governed by an elected Prince and Grand Master.  The [[Religion:Pope|Pope]] is the absolute monarch of the Vatican by virtue of his position as head of the Roman Catholic Church and Bishop of Rome; he is an elected rather than hereditary ruler. The Pope need not be a citizen of the territory prior to [[Religion:Papal conclave|his election by the cardinals]].

==Lines of succession==
{{anchor|Oldest extant monarchies}}
Some of the extant sovereign monarchies have lines of succession that go back to the medieval period or antiquity:  
*The kings of Cambodia claim descent from Queen Soma (1st century), although the historiographical record is interrupted in the "Post-Angkor Period" (15th/16th centuries). A real unified kingdom of Cambodia first came to existence in 802. The monarchy in Cambodia was abolished between 1970 and 1993.
*There exist several suggestions to a possible line of succession in the Danish monarchy from the late 7th century and until Gorm the Old, but none of these suggestions have so far won universal acceptance. Most monarchs in Denmark since the 940s have been [[Social:Lineal descendant|descendants]] of Gorm the Old's father Harthacnut and '''''all''''' monarchs in Denmark since 1047 have been [[Social:Lineal descendant|descendants]] of titular Queen Estrid Svendsdatter. A formal [[Social:Order of succession|law of succession]] was not adapted in Denmark until [[Social:Absolute monarchy#Denmark–Norway|1665]].
*{{wipe|Japan}}, considered a [[Social:Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchy]] under the Imperial House of Japan, is said to be the world's oldest extant continuous hereditary monarchy,<ref>{{cite news|author1=D.M.|title=Why is the Japanese monarchy under threat?|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/06/economist-explains-0|accessdate=4 June 2017|work=[[Finance:The Economist|The Economist]]|date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825171439/https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/06/economist-explains-0|archive-date=25 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> with a traditional origin in 660 BC, commonly accepted archaeological and cultural evidence from the 3rd century and reliable historiographical evidence from at least the 6th century. 
*The monarchs of the kingdom of Norway by virtue of descent from Harald I Fairhair, who united the realm in 872. Harald as a member of the House of Yngling is given a partly legendary line of succession from earlier petty kings in historiographical tradition. Far from all monarchs of Norway since the 930s have been [[Social:Lineal descendant|descendants]] of Harald Fairhair (at least 7 or 8 Norwegian kings from the period c. 970 – 1859 weren't descendants of Harald Fairhair).
*The kings of Spain via descent from the Catholic Monarchs (via the House of Habsburg), ultimately combining the lines of succession of Castile and León and [[History:Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], realms established in the  10th to 11th centuries in the course of the ''[[Social:Reconquista|Reconquista]]'', via the [[History:Kingdom of Asturias|Kingdom of Asturias]] claiming descent from the [[Place:Visigothic Kingdom|Visigothic Kingdom]] (which, originally ruled by the Thervingi kings, had become elective in the 6th century). The monarchy of Spain was abolished twice in the 19th & 20th centuries (1873-1874 and 1931-1947) and replaced by republics.
*The monarchs of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth realms inherit the throne by virtue of the line of descent from the House of Stuart (Union of the Crowns 1603), combining the lines of succession of the kingdoms of [[History:Kingdom of England|England]] and [[History:Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] going back to the 9th century. The succession to the English throne can be argued to originate with the House of Wessex, established in the 6th century; that to the Scottish throne with descent from Pictish kings which likewise enter the historical record around the 6th century. The line of succession and descent of the Scottish throne are unbroken, whereas the English throne shifted between several unrelated dynasties/families between 1013 and 1066. The monarchy of England was abolished in 1649 and that of Scotland in 1652 and replaced by various types of [[Philosophy:Republicanism|republican]] governments between the years [[History:Interregnum (1649–1660)|1649 to 1660]].

==Current monarchies==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="text-align:left"|[[Social:Monarchy|Monarchy]]
!style="text-align:left"|Official local name
!style="text-align:left"|Title of Head of State
!style="text-align:left"|Title of Head of Government
!style="text-align:left"|Type of Monarchy
!style="text-align:left"|Succession
!style="text-align:left"| {{longitem|Current<br/>constitution}}
|-
|{{flag|Principality of Andorra}} <ref name="CIAAndorra">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/an.html|title= Europe :: Andorra|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100710215526/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/an.html|archive-date= 2010-07-10|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Catalan language|Catalan]]; ''Principat d'Andorra''
|[[Religion:Co-Princes of Andorra|Co-Princes]]
| rowspan="9" |Prime Minister
| rowspan="4" |[[Social:Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional]]
|Ex officio
|1993
|-
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}<ref name="CIAAntigua and Barbuda">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ac.html|title= Central America and Caribbean :: Antigua and Barbuda|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180626150119/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ac.html|archive-date= 2018-06-26|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Antigua and Barbuda''
|Queen
| rowspan="5" |Hereditary
|1981
|-
|{{flag|Australia|name=Commonwealth of Australia}}<ref name="CIAAustralia">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html|title= Australia-Oceania :: Australia|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150703214756/https://www.cia.gov/Library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html|archive-date= 2015-07-03|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:English language|English]];  ''Commonwealth of Australia''
|Queen
|1901
|-
|{{flag|Commonwealth of the Bahamas}}<ref name="CIAtheBahamas">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html|title= Central America and Caribbean :: The Bahamas|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150812101828/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html|archive-date= 2015-08-12|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Commonwealth of the Bahamas''
|Queen
|1973
|-
|{{flag|Bahrain|name=Kingdom of Bahrain}}<ref name="CIAtheBahrain">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ba.html|title= Central America and Caribbean :: Bahrain|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101229005328/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ba.html|archive-date= 2010-12-29|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]];  ''Mamlakat al- Baḥrayn'' 
|King
|Mixed
|2002
|-
|{{flag|Barbados}}<ref name="CIAtheBarbados">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bb.html|title= Central America and Caribbean :: Barbados|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160214004116/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bb.html|archive-date= 2016-02-14|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Barbados''
|Queen
| rowspan="4" |Constitutional
|1966
|-
|{{flag|Kingdom of Belgium}}<ref name="CIABelgium">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/be.html |title=Europe :: Belgium |publisher=CIA The World Factbook |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710084134/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/be.html |archivedate=2016-07-10 }}</ref>
|In [[Social:Dutch language|Dutch]]; ''Koninkrijk België'' 
In [[Social:French language|French]]; ''Royaume de Belgique''
In [[Social:German language|German]]; ''Königreich Belgien''
|King
|Hereditary {{ref|1|1}}
|1831
|-
|{{flag|Belize}}<ref name="CIA Belize">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bh.html |title=Central America and Caribbean :: Belize |publisher=CIA The World Factbook |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513185850/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bh.html |archivedate=2013-05-13 }}</ref>
| In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Belize''
|Queen
| rowspan="3" |Hereditary
|1981
|-
|{{flag|Bhutan|name=Kingdom of Bhutan}}<ref name="CIABhutan">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bt.html|title= Asia ::Bhutan|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101228202246/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bt.html|archive-date= 2010-12-28|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In Dzongkha; ''Druk Gyal Khap''
|King
|2007
|-
|{{flag|Brunei Darussalam}}<ref name="CIAtheBruneiDarussalam">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html|title= Asia ::Brunei Darussalam|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180128172649/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html|archive-date= 2018-01-28|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Malay language|Malay]];  ''Negara Brunei Darussalam'' 
|colspan="2"|<div align=center>Sultan</div>
|[[Social:Absolute monarchy|Absolute]]
|1959
|-
|{{flag|Cambodia|name=Kingdom of Cambodia}}
|In [[Social:Khmer language|Khmer]]; ''Preăh Réachéanachâk Kâmpŭchéa''
|King
| rowspan="13" |Prime Minister
| rowspan="3" |Constitutional
|Hereditary and elective
|1993
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
|In [[Social:English language|English]] and [[Social:French language|French]]; ''Canada''
|Queen
| rowspan="2" |Hereditary
|1867
|- 
|{{flagicon|Denmark}} Kingdom of Denmark<ref name="CIADenmark">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/da.html|title= Europe::Denmark|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150918223138/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications//the-world-factbook/geos/da.html|archive-date= 2015-09-18|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Danish language|Danish]]; ''Kongeriget Danmark''
|Queen
|1953
|-
|{{flag|Eswatini|name=Kingdom of Eswatini}}<ref name="CIAEswatini">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wz.html|title= Africa:: Eswatini|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151016034532/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wz.html|archive-date= 2015-10-16|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In Swazi''; Umbuso weSwatini<br>''In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Kingdom of Eswatini''
|King
|Absolute
|Hereditary and elective
|1968
|-
|{{flag|Grenada}}<ref name="CIAGrenada">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gj.html|title= Central America and Caribbean :: Grenada|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180128203441/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gj.html|archive-date= 2018-01-28|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Grenada''
|Queen
| rowspan="3" |Constitutional
| rowspan="3" |Hereditary
|1974
|-
|{{flag|Jamaica}}<ref name="CIAJamaica">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jm.html|title= Central America and Caribbean :: Jamaica|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180708045958/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jm.html|archive-date= 2018-07-08|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Jamaica''
|Queen
|1962
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}<ref name="CIAJapan">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html|title= Asia :: Japan|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101228224107/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html|archive-date= 2010-12-28|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Japanese language|Japanese]]; ''日本国 (Nippon-koku/Nihon-koku)'' 
|Emperor
|1947
|-
|{{flag|Kuwait|name=State of Kuwait}}<ref name="CIAKuwait">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ku.html|title= Asia :: Kuwait|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140702040108/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ku.html|archive-date= 2014-07-02|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]]; ''Dawlat al-Kuwait'' 
|Emir
| rowspan="2" |Mixed
| rowspan="3" |Hereditary and elective
|1962
|-
|{{flag|Jordan|name=Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan}}<ref name="CIAJordan">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jo.html|title= Asia :: Jordan|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180129161309/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jo.html|archive-date= 2018-01-29|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]]; ''al-Mamlakah al-Urdunīyah al-Hāshimīyah'' 
|King
|1952
|-
|{{flag|Lesotho|name=Kingdom of Lesotho}}<ref name="CIALesotho">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lt.html|title= Africa :: Lesotho|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070612204352/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lt.html|archive-date= 2007-06-12|url-status= live}}</ref>
| In [[Biography:Sotho language|Sotho]];  ''Muso oa Lesotho''
In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Kingdom of Lesotho''
|King
|Constitutional
|1993
|-
|{{flag|Principality of Liechtenstein}}<ref name="CIALiechtenstein">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ls.html|title= Europe:: Liechtenstein|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100710233528/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ls.html|archive-date= 2010-07-10|url-status= live}}</ref>
|''In [[Social:German language|German]]; ''Fürstentum Liechtenstein''
|Sovereign Prince
|Mixed
| rowspan="2" |Hereditary
|1862
|-
|{{flag|Grand Duchy of Luxembourg}}<ref name="CIALuxembourg">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lu.html|title= Europe:: Luxembourg|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022402/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lu.html|archive-date= 2015-11-17|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:French language|French]]; ''Grand-Duché de Luxembourg''
In [[Social:German language|German]]; ''Großherzogtum Luxemburg ''

In Luxembourgish; ''Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg ''
|Grand Duke
| rowspan="2" |Constitutional
|1868
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}<ref name="CIAMalaysia">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html|title= Asia:: Malaysia|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101228233159/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html|archive-date= 2010-12-28|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Malay language|Malay]]; ''Malaysia'' 
|Yang di-Pertuan Agong
|[[Social:Elective monarchy|Elective]]
|1957
|-
|-
|{{flag|Monaco|name=Principality of Monaco}}<ref name="CIAMonaco">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html|title= Europe:: Monaco|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100711144147/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html|archive-date= 2010-07-11|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:French language|French]]; ''Principauté de Monaco''
In Monégasque; ''Principatu de Múnegu''
|Sovereign Prince
|Minister of State
| rowspan="2" |Mixed
| rowspan="11" |Hereditary
|1911
|-
|{{flag|Morocco|name=Kingdom of Morocco}}<ref name="CIAMorocco">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html|title= Africa:: Morocco|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120930225624/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html|archive-date= 2012-09-30|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]];  ''al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya''  
In Berber; ''Tageldit n Lmaɣrib''
|King
| rowspan="4" |Prime Minister
|1631
|-
|{{flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}<ref name="CIANetherlands">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html|title= Europe:: Netherlands|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180129161341/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html|archive-date= 2018-01-29|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Dutch language|Dutch]]; ''Koninkrijk der Nederlanden''
In West Frisian; ''Keninkryk fan de Nederlannen''
|King
| rowspan="3" |Constitutional
|1815
|-
|{{flag|New Zealand}} <ref name="CIANewZealand">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html|title= Australia-Oceania :: New Zealand|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150703180131/https://www.cia.gov/Library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html|archive-date= 2015-07-03|url-status= live}}</ref>
| In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''New Zealand''
In Maori; ''Aotearoa''
|Queen
|1907
|-
|{{flag|Kingdom of Norway}}<ref name="CIANorway">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html|title= Europe :: Norway|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180126230344/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html|archive-date= 2018-01-26|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Bokmål|Bokmål]]; ''Kongeriket Norge''
In [[Social:Nynorsk|Nynorsk]]; ''Kongeriket Noreg''
|King
|1814
|-
|{{flag|Oman|name=Sultanate of Oman}}<ref name="CIAOman">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mu.html|title= Asia:: Oman|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160516023047/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook//geos/mu.html|archive-date= 2016-05-16|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]]; ''Salṭanat ‘Umān''
|colspan="2"|<div align=center>Sultan</div>
|Absolute
|1996 
|-
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea|name=Independent State of Papua New Guinea}}<ref name="CIAPapua">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pp.html|title= Asia :: Papua New Guinea|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110410104447/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pp.html|archive-date= 2011-04-10|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:English language|English]];  ''Independent State of Papua New Guinea''
In [[Social:Tok Pisin|Tok Pisin]];  ''Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini''

In Hiri Motu  ''Papua Niu Gini''
|Queen
| rowspan="5" |Prime Minister
|Constitutional
|1975
|-
|{{flag|Qatar|name=State of Qatar}}<ref name="CIAQatar">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/qa.html|title= Asia:: Qatar|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160716042259/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/qa.html|archive-date= 2016-07-16|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]]; ''Dawlat Qaṭar''
|Emir
|Absolute
|2004
|-
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis|name=Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis}}<ref name="CIAKitts">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sc.html|title= Central America and Caribbean :: Saint Kitts and Nevis|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180128152231/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sc.html|archive-date= 2018-01-28|url-status= live}}</ref>
| In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis''
|Queen
| rowspan="3" |Constitutional
|1983
|-
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}<ref name="CIASaint Lucia">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/st.html|title=Central America and Caribbean :: Saint Lucia|publisher=CIA The World Factbook|access-date=2016-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128154552/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/st.html|archive-date=2018-01-28|url-status=live}}</ref>
| In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Saint Lucia''
|Queen
|1979
|-
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}<ref name="CIASaint Vincent and the Grenadines">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vc.html|title= Central America and Caribbean :: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124092814/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vc.html|archive-date= 2017-11-24|url-status= live}}</ref>
| In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Saint Vincent and the Grenadines''
|Queen
|1979
|-
|{{flag|Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}<ref name="CIASaudi">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html|title= Asia :: Saudi Arabia|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160529161824/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html|archive-date= 2016-05-29|url-status= live}}</ref> 
|In [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]]; ''Al-Mamlakah al-Arabiyah as-Sa'ūdiyah''
|colspan="2"|<div align=center>King</div>
|Absolute
|Hereditary and elective
|1992{{ref|2|2}}
|-
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Solomon Islands''
|Queen
|Prime Minister
| rowspan="6" |Constitutional
| rowspan="6" |Hereditary
|1978
|-
|{{flag|Spain|name=Kingdom of Spain}}
|In [[Social:Spanish language|Spanish]]; ''Reino de España''
|King
|President of the Government
|1978
|-
|{{flag|Kingdom of Sweden}}<ref name="CIASweden">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sw.html|title= Europe:: Sweden|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151129213453/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sw.html|archive-date= 2015-11-29|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Swedish language|Swedish]]''; Konungariket Sverige''
|King
| rowspan="6" |Prime Minister
|1974 
|-
|{{flag|Thailand|name=Kingdom of Thailand}}<ref name="CIAThailand">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html|title= Europe:: Thailand|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html|archive-date= 2010-12-29|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Thai language|Thai]]''; Ratcha Anachak Thai'' 
|King
|2017
|-
|{{flag|Tonga|name=Kingdom of Tonga}}<ref name="CIATonga">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tn.html|title= Australia-Oceania :: Tonga|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160527062840/https://www.cia.gov/library//publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tn.html|archive-date= 2016-05-27|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In Tonga; ''Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga''<br />In [[Social:English language|English]];  Kingdom of Tonga
|King
|1970
|-
|{{flag|Tuvalu}}<ref name="CIATuvalu">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tv.html|title= Australia-Oceania :: Tuvalu|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190817002559/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tv.html|archive-date= 2019-08-17|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:English language|English]]; ''Tuvalu''
|Queen
|1978
|-
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}<ref name="CIAUnited Arab Emirates">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html|title= Asia:: United Arab Emirates|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160521031303/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html|archive-date= 2016-05-21|url-status= live}}</ref>
|In [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]]; ''Dawlat al-ʾImārāt al-ʿArabiyyah al-Muttaḥidah'' 
|President
|[[Social:Federal monarchy|Federal]]
|Hereditary and elective
|1971
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland}}<ref name="CIAUnited Kingdom">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html|title= Europe:: United Kingdom|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 2016-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151004030224/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html|archive-date= 2015-10-04|url-status= live}}</ref>
| In [[Social:English language|English]]: ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland''<br /> In [[Social:Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon''<br /> In [[Social:Irish language|Irish]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann''<br /> In Scots Gaelic: ''Rìoghachd Aonaichte Bhreatainn agus Èirinn a Tuath'' <!-- Cornish and Manx translations needed -->
|Queen
|Constitutional
|Hereditary
|1701
|-
|{{flag|Vatican City State}}<ref name="CIAVatican">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vt.html |title=Europe :: Holy See |publisher=CIA The World Factbook |access-date=2016-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711171410/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vt.html |archive-date=2010-07-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|In [[Social:Latin|Latin]]; ''Status Civitatis Vaticanae''<br />In [[Social:Italian language|Italian]]; ''Stato della Città del Vaticano''
|[[Religion:Pope|Pope]]
|President of the Pontifical Commission
|Absolute
|Elective
|2001
|}

==See also==
* List of oldest institutions in continuous operation

==Footnote==
{{note|1|1}} Belgium is the only existing popular monarchy – a system in which the monarch's title is linked to the people rather than a state. The title of Belgian kings is not ''King of Belgium'', but instead ''King of the Belgians''. Another unique feature of the Belgian system is that the new monarch does not automatically assume the throne at the death or abdication of his predecessor; he only becomes monarch upon taking a constitutional oath.

{{note|2|2}} Basic Law of Saudi Arabia<ref>[http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/sa00000_.html Saudi Arabia - Constitution]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206115254/http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/sa00000_.html |date=2007-02-06 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/saudi/ |title=Empty Reforms: Saudi Arabia's New Basic Laws May 1992 |access-date=2016-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202623/https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/saudi/ |archive-date=2016-03-05 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>http://saudinf.com/main/c541.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001004202030/http://www.saudinf.com/main/c541.htm |date=2000-10-04 }} The Basic Law - Saudi Arabia Information<!-- Bot generated title --></ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Forms of government]]

{{Sourceattribution|List of current monarchies|1}}