View source for Social:Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II

{{RCL}}

{{Short description|Phonetic romanization system of Mandarin}}
{{Chinese|t=國語注音符號第二式|s=国语注音符号第二式|p=Guóyǔ Zhùyīn Fúhào Dì'èr Shì}}
'''[[Social:Standard Chinese|Mandarin]] Phonetic Symbols II''' ({{lang-zh|t={{linktext|國語注音符號第二式}}}}), abbreviated MPS II, is a [[Social:Romanization|romanization]] system formerly used in the  Republic of China (Taiwan).  It was  created to replace the complex tonal-spelling [[Social:Gwoyeu Romatzyh|Gwoyeu Romatzyh]], and to co-exist with the popular [[Social:Wade–Giles|Wade–Giles]] ([[Social:Romanization of Chinese|romanization]]) and Zhuyin (non-romanization).  It is sometimes referred to as Gwoyeu Romatzyh 2 or GR2.

== History ==
Based on the earlier and more complex [[Social:Gwoyeu Romatzyh|Gwoyeu Romatzyh]], the tentative version of MPS II was released on May 10, 1984, by the Ministry of Education under the Chiang Ching-kuo administration. After two years of feedback from the general public, the official version was established on January 28, 1986.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=Pinyin Info |date=March 10, 2004 |title=MPS2 |url=http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/mps2/}}</ref> To distinguish Zhuyin from the Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II ("Mandarin Zhuyin Symbols II"), the first Zhuyin is officially called "Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I" ({{lang|zh-Hant-TW|國語注音符號第一式}}).

Despite its official status for almost two decades until it was replaced by [[Social:Tongyong Pinyin|Tongyong Pinyin]] in 2002, MPS II existed only in some [[Social:Government|government]]al publications (such as travel brochures and dictionaries). However, MPS II was not used for the official Romanized names of Taiwanese places (though many road signs replaced during this period use MPS II). It never gained the same status as did Wade-Giles. In mainstream overseas communities, it is virtually unused and unheard of.

== Table ==
=== Initials ===
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2 colspan=2| !!colspan=2|Bilabial!!Labiodental
!colspan=2|Alveolar!!colspan=2|Retroflex
!Alveolo-palatal!!Velar
|-
!Voiceless!!Voiced!!Voiceless!!Voiceless
!Voiced!!Voiceless!!Voiced!!Voiceless
!Voiceless
|-
!colspan=2|Nasal
| ||'''<big>m</big>''' {{IPA|[m]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄇ}} m|| || ||'''<big>n</big>''' {{IPA|[n]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄋ}} n|| || || ||
|-
!rowspan=2|Plosive!!Unaspirated
|'''<big>b</big>''' {{IPA|[p]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄅ}} b|| ||
|'''<big>d</big>''' {{IPA|[t]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄉ}} d|| || || ||
|'''<big>g</big>''' {{IPA|[k]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄍ}} g
|-
!Aspirated
|'''<big>p</big>''' {{IPA|[pʰ]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄆ}} p|| ||
|'''<big>t</big>''' {{IPA|[tʰ]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄊ}} t|| || || ||
|'''<big>k</big>''' {{IPA|[kʰ]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄎ}} k
|-
!rowspan=2|Affricate!!Unaspirated
| || || ||'''<big>tz</big>''' {{IPA|[ts]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄗ}} z||
|'''<big>j</big>''' {{IPA|[ʈʂ]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄓ}} zh||
|'''<big>j</big>''' {{IPA|[tɕ]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄐ}} j||
|-
!Aspirated
| || || ||'''<big>ts</big>''' {{IPA|[tsʰ]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄘ}} c||
|'''<big>ch</big>''' {{IPA|[ʈʂʰ]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄔ}} ch||
|'''<big>ch</big>''' {{IPA|[tɕʰ]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄑ}} q||
|-
!colspan=2|Fricative
| || ||'''<big>f</big>''' {{IPA|[f]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄈ}} f
|'''<big>s</big>''' {{IPA|[s]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄙ}} s||
|'''<big>sh</big>''' {{IPA|[ʂ]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕ}} sh||
|'''<big>sh</big>''' {{IPA|[ɕ]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄒ}} x
|'''<big>h</big>''' {{IPA|[x]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄏ}} h
|-
!colspan=2|Liquid
| || || || ||'''<big>l</big>''' {{IPA|[l]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄌ}} l|| ||'''<big>r</big>''' {{IPA|[ɻ~ʐ]|cat=no}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄖ}} r|| ||
|}

=== Finals ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|
! colspan="12" |Coda
|-
!colspan=3|∅!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/i/}}!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/u/}}!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/n/}}!! colspan="2" |{{IPA|/ŋ/}}!!{{IPA|/ɻ/}}
|-
!rowspan=4|Medial
!∅
|'''<big>r/z</big>''' {{IPA|[ɨ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄭ}}[[File:MoeKai Bopomofo U+312D.svg|15px]] -i||'''<big>e</big>''' {{IPA|[ɤ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄜ}} e||'''<big>a</big>''' {{IPA|[a]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄚ}} a
|'''<big>ei</big>''' {{IPA|[ei]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄟ}} ei||'''<big>ai</big>''' {{IPA|[ai]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄞ}} ai
|'''<big>ou</big>''' {{IPA|[ou]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄡ}} ou||'''<big>au</big>''' {{IPA|[au]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄠ}} ao
|'''<big>en</big>''' {{IPA|[ən]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄣ}} en||'''<big>an</big>''' {{IPA|[an]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄢ}} an
|'''<big>eng</big>''' {{IPA|[əŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄥ}} eng||'''<big>ang</big>''' {{IPA|[aŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄤ}} ang
|'''<big>er</big>''' {{IPA|[aɚ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄦ}} er
|-
!{{IPA|/j/}}
|'''<big>i</big>''' {{IPA|[i]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧ}} i||'''<big>ie</big>''' {{IPA|[je]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄝ}} ie||'''<big>ia</big>''' {{IPA|[ja]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄚ}} ia
| ||
|'''<big>iou</big>''' {{IPA|[jou]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄡ}} iu||'''<big>iau</big>''' {{IPA|[jau]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄠ}} iao
|'''<big>in</big>''' {{IPA|[in]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄣ}} in||'''<big>ian</big>''' {{IPA|[jɛn]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄢ}} ian
|'''<big>ing</big>''' {{IPA|[iŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄥ}} ing||'''<big>iang</big>''' {{IPA|[jaŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄤ}} iang
|
|-
!{{IPA|/w/}}
|'''<big>u</big>''' {{IPA|[u]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨ}} u||'''<big>uo</big>''' {{IPA|[wo]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄛ}} uo||'''<big>ua</big>''' {{IPA|[wa]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄚ}} ua
|'''<big>uei</big>''' {{IPA|[wei]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄟ}} ui||'''<big>uai</big>''' {{IPA|[wai]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄞ}} uai
| ||
|'''<big>uen</big>''' {{IPA|[wən]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄣ}} un||'''<big>uan</big>''' {{IPA|[wan]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄢ}} uan
|'''<big>ung</big>''' {{IPA|[ʊŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄥ}} ong
|'''<big>uang</big>''' {{IPA|[waŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄤ}} uang
|
|-
!{{IPA|/y/}}
|'''<big>iu</big>''' {{IPA|[y]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩ}} ü||'''<big>iue</big>''' {{IPA|[ɥe]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄝ}} üe||
| ||
| ||
|'''<big>iun</big>''' {{IPA|[yn]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄣ}} ün||'''<big>iuan</big>''' {{IPA|[ɥɛn]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄢ}} üan
|'''<big>iung</big>''' {{IPA|[jʊŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄥ}} iong
|
|
|}

== Features ==
* Indication of tone by respelling, as used in [[Social:Gwoyeu Romatzyh|Gwoyeu Romatzyh]], is eliminated. Syllables are spelled like its tone one for non-nasal initials, and like tone two for nasal initials. Tone is then marked with four diacritics identical to Zhuyin's.
* The romanization of the consonants is identical to Gwoyeu Romatzyh's.
* The empty rime {{IPA|/ɨ/}} is treated in the same way as [[Social:Yale romanization of Mandarin|Yale romanization]]:
** It uses ''r'' for both:
*** {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄖ}} (pinyin ''r''), and
*** what is written in pinyin as ''i'' after ''zh'', ''ch'', ''sh'', ''r''. (The use of  ''r'' has a tonal diacritic on it and is always final.)
** It uses ''z'' for both:
*** {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄗ}} (pinyin ''z''), and
*** what is written in pinyin as ''i'' after ''z'', ''c'', ''s''. (The use of ''z'' has a tonal diacritic on it and is always final.)
*** The ''z'' is not written after ''tz'' (no ''tzz''), however. ''Tz'' corresponds to Pinyin ''zi'' (and Yale ''dz'').
* Like GR, ''-iou'', ''-uen'', and ''-uei'' are all written out, unlike the [[Pinyin]]/Wade ''-iu'', ''-un'', and ''-ui''.
* GR's ''au'' persists, as opposed to the ''ao'' of [[Pinyin]], Wade-Giles, and the later [[Social:Tongyong Pinyin|Tongyong Pinyin]].
* GR's ''iu'' (Pinyin ''ü'') is written as ''-iu'' and ''yu'' (alone).
* GR's ''-ong'' is spelled now ''-ung'' (like Wade-Giles).
* GR's ''el'' is spelled now ''er'' (like [[Pinyin]]).
* ''Y-'' and ''w-'' are added to or replace ''i'' and ''u'' (respectively), similarly to Gwoyeu Romatzyh and identical to Pinyin.

An example phrase, "The second type of Chinese phonetic symbols":

{| {{Table}}
|-
! Hanzi
| {{Lang|zh|國語注音符號第二式}}
|-
! Pinyin
| ''guóyǔ zhùyīn fúhào dì'èr shì''
|-
! MPS II
| ''guó-yǔ jù-yīn fú-hàu dì-èr shr̀''
|-
! GR
| ''gwoyeu juh'in fwuhaw dih'ell shyh''
|}

Spaces are generally used in place of hyphens, except in personal [[Philosophy:Name|name]]s, which use hyphens in between the syllables of the given names.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.archchinese.com/arch_pinyin_table.html Standard Mandarin Pinyin Table] The complete listing of all Pinyin syllables used in standard Mandarin, along with native speaker pronunciation for each syllable.
* [http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/mps2/basic.html Conversion chart (syllable level)]
* [http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/mps2/book/ ROC government booklet on MPS II (in English and Chinese)]
* [http://www.romanization.com/tongyong/mps2.html Taiwan's official romanization system: MPS2]

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{{succession box|title=Official romanization adopted<br> by the Republic of China (Taiwan)|before=[[Social:Gwoyeu Romatzyh|Gwoyeu Romatzyh]]|after=[[Social:Tongyong Pinyin|Tongyong Pinyin]]|years=1986-2002}}
{{End box}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Mandarin Phonetic Symbols Ii}}
[[Category:Romanization of Chinese]]

{{Sourceattribution|Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II}}