View source for Social:Mantsi language

{{Short description|Lolo-Burmese language of China and Vietnam}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Mantsi
|nativename=''mã53 tsi53''
|states={{wipe|China}}, Vietnam
|ethnicity=Lo Lo, ethnic population: {{sigfig|4,830|2}} (2019)<ref name=e25/>
|speakers={{sigfig|1,100|2}}
|date=2002
|ref=e25
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=Lolo-Burmese
|fam3=Mondzish
|dia1=Mantsi (Vietnam and China)
|dia2=Mondzi (Ma21 Ndʑi21, China)
|dia3=Munji (China)
|script=Yi script
|lc1=nty|ld1=All dialects
|glotto=mant1265
|glottoname=Mantsi, Mondzi
}}

'''Mantsi''' (autonym: ''{{IPA|mã53 tsi53}}''; also called '''Lô Lô''', '''Flowery Lolo''', '''White Lolo''' or '''Black Lolo''', is a Lolo-Burmese language. Speakers are mostly located in Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. In {{wipe|China}}, speakers are classified as a subgroup of the Yi people. In Vietnam they are called ''Lô Lô'' and is classified as one of the official 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam.

==Classification==
Mantsi may be related to the Kathu (Kasu, Gasu) and Mo'ang (''{{ipa|mɯaŋ˥˩}}'') languages of Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China (Edmondson 2003). Lama (2012) concludes that Mantsi (Mondzi) and Maang constitute the most divergent branch of the Lolo-Burmese languages.

==Distribution==
''Monji'' or ''Mondzi'' is reportedly spoken in some villages of Muyang Township, Funing County, Yunnan, China.

''Munji'' is reportedly spoken by the Flowery Yi (Lolo) of Donggan Town, Malipo County, Yunnan. It is closely related to the Mandzi or Mantsi language of the Flowery Lolo and Black Lolo people of Vietnam and of the White Lolo people of Funing Country. The Red Lolo and Flowery Lolo live across the border in Đồng Văn district, Hà Giang province of Vietnam. Both speak similar languages. The language spoken by the Red Lolo was investigated by Jerold A. Edmondson in the late 1990s.

=== In Vietnam === 
The Lô Lô ethnic group of northern Vietnam consists of 3,134 people in Hà Giang and Cao Bằng, also including some in Mường Khương District of Lào Cai Province. They are also known as Mùn Di, Di, Màn Di, La La, Qua La, Ô Man, and Lu Lộc Màn.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2006 |title=Người Lô Lô |url=http://cema.gov.vn/modules.php?name=Content&op=details&mid=515 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321101859/http://cema.gov.vn/modules.php?name=Content&op=details&mid=515 |archive-date=2012-03-21 |access-date=2012-10-22 |website=Trang tin điện tử của Ủy ban Dân tộc |language=vi}}</ref>

;Flowery Lolo
*Hà Giang Province
**Xín Cái, Mèo Vạc District
**Lũng Cù, Đồng Văn District

;Red Lolo
*Hà Giang Province
**Mèo Vạc District
**Yên Minh District

;Black Lolo
*Bảo Lạc District, Cao Bằng Province
**Hồng Tri (including Nà Van village<ref name="Iwasa">{{Cite book |last=Iwasa |first=Kazue |title=Descriptive and Theoretical Studies in Minority Languages of East and Southeast Asia |date=2003 |publisher=ELPR |series=ELPR Publications A3-016 |location=Osaka |pages=69–76 |language=en |chapter=A Wordlist of the Ma Ndzi Language}}</ref>)
**Đức Hạnh (Bảo Lạc)
**Nghàm Lồm, Cô Ba Township<ref name="Iwasa" />

== Phonology ==
Phonology of Mondzi:<ref>{{harvp|Lama|2012}}</ref>

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
! colspan="2" |Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Alveolo-<br>palatal
!Velar
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|{{IPAlink|m}}
| colspan="2" |{{IPAlink|n}}
|
|
|({{IPAlink|ŋ}})
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plosive/<br>Affricate
!<small>prenasalized</small>
|{{IPA|ᵐb}}
|{{IPA|ⁿd}}
|{{IPA|ⁿʣ}}
|{{IPA|ⁿdʐ}}
|{{IPA|ⁿʥ}}
|{{IPA|ᵑg}}
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|{{IPAlink|b}}
|{{IPAlink|d}}
|{{IPAlink|ʣ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʐ}}
|{{IPAlink|ʥ}}
|{{IPAlink|g}}
|-
!<small>voiceless</small>
|{{IPAlink|p}}
|{{IPAlink|t}}
|{{IPAlink|ʦ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʂ}}
|{{IPAlink|ʨ}}
|{{IPAlink|k}}
|-
!<small>aspirated</small>
|{{IPA|pʰ}}
|{{IPA|tʰ}}
|{{IPA|ʦʰ}}
|{{IPA|tʂʰ}}
|{{IPA|ʨʰ}}
|{{IPA|kʰ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
|{{IPAlink|f}}
| colspan="2" |{{IPAlink|s}}
|{{IPAlink|ʂ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɕ}}
|{{IPAlink|x}}
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|{{IPAlink|v}}
| colspan="2" |{{IPAlink|z}}
|{{IPAlink|ʐ}}
|{{IPAlink|ʑ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɣ}}
|-
! colspan="2" |Lateral
|
| colspan="2" |{{IPAlink|l}}
|
|
|
|}

[ŋ] can only appear as a coda. 

Mondzi also has 3 consonant clusters: [lg], [lk], [lkʰ].

=== Vowels ===

==== Monophthongs ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Non-front
|-
!<small>unrounded</small>
!<small>rounded</small>
|-
! rowspan="2" |Syllabic
Consonant
!<small>loose</small>
|
|
|ɿ
|-
!<small>tight</small>
|
|
|ɿ̠
|-
! colspan="2" |Close
|{{IPAlink|i}}
|
|{{IPAlink|u}}
|-
! colspan="2" |Close-mid
|{{IPAlink|e}}
|{{IPAlink|ø}}
|{{IPAlink|o}}
|-
! colspan="2" |Open-mid
|{{IPAlink|ɛ}}
|
|{{IPAlink|ɔ}}
|-
! colspan="2" |Open
|{{IPAlink|a}}
|
|{{IPAlink|ɑ}}
|}

==== Diphthongs ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
!a
!e
!e̠
!ɛ
!ɛ̠
!o
!ɔ
!u
!i
!ɑ
|-
!i
|ia
|ie
|ie̠
|iɛ
|iɛ̠
|io
|iɔ
|iu
|
|
|-
!y
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|yi
|
|-
!u
|
|ue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|ui
|uɑ
|-
!e
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|ei
|
|}

=== Tones ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!Tone Value
|-
|˥˥
|55
|-
|˦˦
|44
|-
|˧˧
|33
|-
|˥˧
|53
|-
|˨˩
|21
|-
|˩˧
|13
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* YYFC (1983) [handwritten manuscript], cited in Lama (2012)
* Edmondson, Jerold A. (2003). ''[http://ling.uta.edu/jerry/vietTB1.pdf Three Tibeto-Burman Languages of Vietnam]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. m.s.
* {{Cite book |last=Hsiu |first=Andrew |title=Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Chinese Languages and Linguistics (IsCLL-14) |date=2014 |publisher=Academia Sinica |location=Taipei |pages=62–81 |language=en |chapter=Mondzish: A New Subgroup of Lolo-Burmese |chapter-url=http://iscll-14.ling.sinica.edu.tw/files-pdf/Papers/Session2/Hsiu.pdf}}
* {{Cite book |last=Quốc Khánh Vũ |date=2011 |title=Người Lô Lô ở Việt Nam |trans-title=The Lo Lo in Vietnam |location=Hà Nội |publisher=Nhà xuất bản Thông tấn |language=vi}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Lama |first=Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan |title=Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages: A Study from the Perspectives of Shared Innovation and Phylogenetic Estimation |date=2012 |degree=Ph.D. |publisher=University of Texas at Arlington |language=en |hdl=10106/11161 |hdl-access=free}}
{{refend}}


[[Category:Languages of China]]

{{Sourceattribution|Mantsi language|1}}