View source for Social:Serbi–Mongolic languages

{{Short description|Proposed language family including Mongolic and Para-Mongolic}}
{{Infobox language family
|name=Serbi–Mongolic
|altname=Xianbei–Mongolic<br>Mongolic–Khitan
|acceptance=tentative
|region = Mongolia, northern China, [[Earth:Lake Baikal|Lake Baikal]] region
|familycolor=Altaic
|family = proposed language family
|child1=[[Social:Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
|child2=Para-Mongolic
|glotto=mong1349
|glottorefname=Mongolic&ndash;Khitan
}}

'''Serbi–Mongolic''', or '''Mongolic–Khitan''', is a proposed group of languages that includes the [[Social:Mongolic languages|Mongolic languages]] as well as the Para-Mongolic languages, a proposed extinct sister branch of the Mongolic languages.<ref name="Shimunek2017">{{cite book|last=Shimunek|first=Andrew|title=Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|publication-place=Wiesbaden|year=2017|isbn=978-3-447-10855-3|oclc=993110372}}</ref>

==Names==
''Serbi'' (*serbi) is Shimunek's reconstruction for the historical ethnonym [[Social:Xianbei|Xianbei]] (鮮卑).<ref name="Shimunek2017"/>

In ''[[Social:Glottolog|Glottolog]]'' 4.4, the languages are referred to as ''Mongolic–Khitan''.<ref>[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mong1349 Mongolic-Khitan]. ''[[Social:Glottolog|Glottolog]]'' 4.4. Accessed 2021-09-29.</ref>

==Languages==
Below is a preliminary classification of the Serbi–Mongolic languages in Shimunek (2017:35):<ref name="Shimunek2017"/>

{{tree list}}
*'''Serbi–Mongolic'''
**[[Social:Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Janhunen|2006|pp=232–233}}</ref><ref>{{harvcoltxt|Nugteren|2011}}</ref>
***Central Mongolic languages
****Eastern Central Mongolic
*****[[Social:Khalkha Mongolian|Khalkha Mongolian]]
*****[[Social:Khorchin Mongolian|Khorchin Mongolian]]
*****[[Social:Chakhar Mongolian|Chakhar Mongolian]]
****[[Social:Oirat language|Oirat]]
*****Kalmyk
****[[Social:Ordos Mongolian|Ordos Mongolian]]
***Southern Mongolic languages
****Shirongolic
*****Mongour
*****Dongxiang
*****[[Social:Bonan language|Bonan]]
*****[[Social:Santa language|Santa]]
*****[[Social:Kangjia language|Kangjia]]
****[[Social:Eastern Yugur language|Shira Yugur]]
***[[Social:Daur language|Daur]]
***[[Social:Moghol language|Moghol]] 
**Serbi–Awar (= Juha Janhunen's "Para-Mongolic"<ref>{{cite book |last=Janhunen |first=Juha |year=2003a |title=The Mongolic languages |url=https://archive.org/details/mongoliclanguage00janh |url-access=limited |chapter=Proto-Mongolic |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780700711338 |editor-last=Janhunen |editor-first=Juha}}</ref>)
***Awar (Avar) (Wuhuan 烏桓 or Wuwan 烏丸)
***[[Social:Xianbei#Language|Old Serbi]] (Common Serbi)
****Ch’i-fu/Qifu 乞伏 (northern Early Middle Chinese/NEMC *kʰɨrbuwk)
****Tuan/Duan 段 (NEMC *dɔr̃)
****[[Social:Tuoba language|Tabghach]]
****[[Social:Tuyuhun language|Tuyuhun]]/T’u-yü-hun (Mu-jung/Murong 慕容)
****Kitanic (Yü-wen/Yuwen 宇文)
*****Old [[Social:Khitan language|Kitan]]
*****Qay 奚 (NEMC *ɣay)
*****Shirwi proper 室韋 (*širwi/*širβi < *serbi 鮮卑 '[[Social:Xianbei|Xianbei]]')
{{tree list/end}}

==Sound changes==
Phonological innovations from Common Serbi–Mongolic (i.e., Proto-Serbi–Mongolic) to Proto-Mongolic and Proto-Serbi are (Shimunek 2017:415):<ref name="Shimunek2017"/>

{| class="wikitable"
! Proto-Mongolic innovations !! Proto-Serbi innovations
|-
| *p > *h || *ɔ > *a / _C<sub>[dorsal]</sub>
|-
| *#ñ > *#n || *ze > *ži
|-
| *Vñ# > *Vi# || *se > *ši
|-
| *z > *s || *VbV > *Vw(V)
|-
| *wə > *ə || *wə > *ɔ
|}

==See also==
*[[Social:Xianbei|Xianbei]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |last=Janhunen |first=Juha |year=2006 |chapter = Mongolic languages |editor-last=Brown |editor-first = K. |title = The encyclopedia of language & linguistics |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Elsevier |pages=231–234 }}
* {{cite thesis |last=Nugteren |first=Hans |year=2011 |title = Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages |degree = Ph.D. |institution = Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke – LOT }}

{{Mongolic languages}}
{{Eurasian languages}}

[[Category:Proposed language families]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Serbi-Mongolic languages}}

{{Sourceattribution|Serbi–Mongolic languages}}