View source for Social:Southern Uzbek language

{{Short description|Uzbek dialect spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Southern Uzbek
|nativename=اۉزبېکچه, اۉزبېکی, اۉزبېک تورکچه سی
|states=Afghanistan, {{wipe|Pakistan}}, {{wipe|China}}, Saudi Arabia
|ethnicity=Uzbeks
|speakers = [[Social:First language|L1]]: {{sigfig|3.415900|2}} million
|speakers2= L2: {{sigfig|540,000|2}} (2021)<ref name=e25/>
|date     = 2017
|ref      = e26
|familycolor = Altaic
|fam1=[[Social:Turkic languages|Turkic]]
|fam2=[[Social:Common Turkic languages|Common Turkic]]
|fam3=[[Social:Karluk languages|Karluk]]<ref name="Newton2014">{{cite book|author=Scott Newton|title=Law and the Making of the Soviet World: The Red Demiurge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JWLBQAAQBAJ&q=Chagatai+%22Old+Uzbek%22+official&pg=PA232|date=20 November 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-92978-9|page=232}}</ref>
|fam4=[[Social:Uzbek language|Uzbek]]
|ancestor=[[Social:Middle Turkic languages|Middle Turkic]]
|ancestor2=[[Social:Khorezmian language (Turkic)|Khorezmian]]
|ancestor3=[[Social:Chagatai language|Chagatai]]
|nation=Afghanistan (3rd most spoken language)
|script=Perso-Arabic
|image = Uzbek language in nastaliq.jpg
|imagescale =
|imagecaption = 
|iso3=uzs
|lingua=44-AAB-da, db
|glotto=sout2699
|glottorefname=Southern Uzbek
|notice=IPA
|minority={{plainlist|
*China
}}
|agency       = Afghan Ministry of Education
}}

'''Southern Uzbek''', also known as ''Afghan Uzbek'', is the southern variant of the [[Social:Uzbek language|Uzbek language]], spoken chiefly in Afghanistan with up to 4 million speakers including first and second language speakers.<ref name=e26/> It uses the Perso-Arabic writing system in contrast to the language variant of Uzbekistan.

Southern Uzbek is intelligible with the Northern Uzbek spoken in Uzbekistan to a certain degree. However it has differences in grammar and also many more loan words from Afghan Persian (in which many Southern Uzbek speakers are proficient).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/uzs|title=Uzbek, Southern}}</ref>

== Southern Uzbek Alphabet ==
{{Main|Social:Uzbek alphabet}}
[[File:Adib-i sani.jpg|thumb|upright=0.54|A 1911 text in Southern Uzbek]]

Southern Uzbek is written using the Perso-Arabic writing system called ''Arab Yozuv'' ("Arab Script"). The writing system is for the most part identical to [[Social:Persian alphabet|Persian alphabet]], with 3 additional letters. These include two vowels,  '''"اۉ / ۉ"''' and '''"اې / ې"''', which are meant to represent the sounds represented in Uzbek Latin Script with '''"E e"''' and '''"Oʻ oʻ"'''. The alphabet also includes a combined consonant letter '''"نگ"''', formerly (and currently in writing systems such as Uyghur) shown with the letter "ڭ". This letter represents the sound /ŋ/, and represented in the Latin writing system with "-ng". This letter makes the Voiced velar nasal sound, where in English one can for example hear when pronouncing the word "wi'''ng'''man".

Uzbek has 6 vowels, and it has lost its [[Social:Vowel harmony|vowel harmony]] rules, unlike other Turkic languages.<ref name=Asamura>Asamura, Takao. “Longing for Legacy: Vowel Harmony in the Uzbek Standard Language, 1924-1934.” Russian and East European Studies 2007, no. 36 (2007): 48–60. [https://doi.org/10.5823/jarees.2007.48 https://doi.org/10.5823/jarees.2007.48].</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Table of Vowels in Uzbek Arabic Alphabet<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sjoberg|first1=Andrée F.|title=Uzbek Structural Grammar|series=Uralic and Altaic Series|volume=18|date=1963|publisher=Indiana University|location=Bloomington|pages=16–18|url=https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Turkic/Uzbek%20Structural%20Grammar%20%28Sjoberg%29.pdf}}</ref> <ref name="DictionaryAimaq">Uzbek Turki to Persian/Dari Dictionary, authored by D. Faizullah Aimaq (فرهنگ تورکی اوزبیکی به فارسی/ دری، تألیف داکتر فیض الله ایماق) [https://www.kabulnath.de/Sal-e-Shanzdahoum/Shoumare-366/Farhang%20Vol%201.pdf] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230412120357/https://www.kabulnath.de/Sal-e-Shanzdahoum/Shoumare-366/Farhang%20Vol%201.pdf Archive])</ref>
|-align="center"
! rowspan="2" | [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! colspan="4" | Arabic
! rowspan="2" | Latin 
! rowspan="2" | Cyrillic
|-
! Final
! Medial
! Initial
! Isolated
|-
| [æ] ~ [ɑ]
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ه}}</span> 
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـَ}}</span> 
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اَ}}</span>
| A a || А а
|-
| [ɒ] ~ [ɔ]
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـا}}</span>
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|آ}}</span>
|‌ O o || О о
|-
| [i]
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـی}}</span> 
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـیـ}}</span> 
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ایـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ای}}</span> 
| I i || И и
|-
| [e]
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـې}}</span> 
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـېـ }}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اېـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اې}}</span>
| E e || Э э / Е е
|-
| [o]
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـۉ}}</span>
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اۉ}}</span>
| Oʻ oʻ || Ў ў
|-
| [u]
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـو}}</span>
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|او}}</span>
|‌ U u || 	У у
|}

Other than the additional combined letter '''"نگ / -ng"''', the consonants of Uzbek Arabic Alphabet are identical to that of [[Social:Persian alphabet|Persian]]. Thus, there indeed is a case of various letters representing the same sound, as is the case in Persian. But the letters '''"ث، ح، ذ، ژ، ص، ض، ط، ظ، ع"''' are not used for writing of native Uzbek words. They're solely used for writing of loanwords from Arabic, Persian, or any of the European languages.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!colspan=4|Letter
!rowspan=2|Latin
!rowspan=2|[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|-
! Final
! Medial
! Initial
! Isolated
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـب}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـبـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|بـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ب}}</span>
| B b
|/b/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـپ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـپـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|پـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|پ}}</span>
| P p
|/p/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـت}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـتـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|تـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ت}}</span>
| T t
|/t/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـث}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـثـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ثـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ث}}</span>
| S s
|/s/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـج}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـجـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|جـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ج}}</span>
| J j
|/dʒ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـچ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـچـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|چـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|چ}}</span>
| Ch ch
|/tʃ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـح}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـحـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|حـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ح}}</span>
| H h
|/h/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـخ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـخـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|خـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|خ}}</span>
| X x
|/x/
|-
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـد}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|د}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|د}}</span>
|D d
|/d/
|-
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـذ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ذ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ذ}}</span>
|Z z
|/z/
|-
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـر}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ر}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ر}}</span>
|R r
|/r/
|-
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـز}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ز}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ز}}</span>
|Z z
|/z/
|-
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـژ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ژ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ژ}}</span>
|J j
|/ʒ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـس}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـسـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|سـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|س}}</span>
| S s
|/s/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـش}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـشـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|شـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ش}}</span>
| Sh Sh
|/ʃ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـص}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـصـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|صـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ص}}</span>
| S s
|/s/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـض}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـضـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ضـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ض}}</span>
|Z z
|/z/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـط}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـطـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|طـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ط}}</span>
| T t
|/t/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـظ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـظـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ظـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ظ}}</span>
|Z z
|/z/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـع}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـعـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|عـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ع}}</span>
|ʻ
|/ʔ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـغ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـغـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|غـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|غ}}</span>
|Gʻ gʻ
|/ɣ~ʁ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـف}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـفـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|فـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ف}}</span>
|F f
|/f/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـق}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـقـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|قـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ق}}</span>
|Q q
|/q/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـک}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـکـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|کـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ک}}</span>
|K k
|/k/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـگ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـگـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|گـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|گ}}</span>
|G g
|/g/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـم}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـمـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|مـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|م}}</span>
|M m
|/m/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـن}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـنـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|نـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ن}}</span>
|N n
|/n/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـنگ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـنگـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|-}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|نگ}}</span>
|<nowiki>-ng</nowiki>
|/ŋ/
|-
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـو}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|و}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|و}}</span>
|V v
|/v/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـه}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـهـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|هـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ه}}</span>
|H h
|/h/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـی}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـیـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|یـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ی}}</span>
|‌ Y y
|/j/
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|-}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـئـ / ـأ / ـؤ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ئـ / أ / ؤ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ء}}</span>
|ʻ
|/ʔ/
|}

== See also ==
* [[Social:Chagatai language|Chagatai language]]
* Uzbek literature

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
'''Dictionaries'''
* [https://www.kabulnath.de/Sal-e-Shanzdahoum/Shoumare-366/Farhang%20Vol%201.pdf  Uzbek to Persian/Dari Dictionary] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230412120357/https://www.kabulnath.de/Sal-e-Shanzdahoum/Shoumare-366/Farhang%20Vol%201.pdf Archive]) [PDF] by Dr. Faizullah Aimaq, Toronto, Canada
* [http://www.uzsoz.net/ Word translator from Southern Uzbek to Farsi]

{{incubator|code=uzs}}
{{Languages of China}}
{{Turkic languages}}


[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Russia]]
[[Category:Languages of China]]

{{Sourceattribution|Southern Uzbek language}}