View source for Social:Spurious languages

{{Short description|Reputably reported language later shown to not exist}}

'''Spurious languages''' are [[Social:Language|language]]s that have been reported as existing in reputable works, while other research has reported that the language in question did not exist. Some spurious languages have been proven to not exist. Others have very little evidence supporting their existence, and have been dismissed in later scholarship. Others still are of uncertain existence due to limited research. 

Below is a sampling of languages that have been claimed to exist in reputable sources but have subsequently been disproved or challenged. In some cases a purported language is tracked down and turns out to be another, known language. This is common when language varieties are named after places or ethnicities.

Some alleged languages turn out to be hoaxes, such as the [[Social:Kukurá language|Kukurá language]] of Brazil or the [[Social:Taensa language|Taensa language]] of Louisiana. Others are honest errors that persist in the literature despite being corrected by the original authors; an example of this is ''{{vanchor|Hongote}}'', the name given in 1892 to two Colonial word lists, one of Tlingit and one of a Salishan language, that were mistakenly listed as Patagonian. The error was corrected three times that year, but nonetheless "Hongote" was still listed as a Patagonian language a century later in Greenberg (1987).<ref name="Campbell-SAmerica">{{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Lyle |editor1-last=Grondona |editor1-first=Verónica |editor2-last=Campbell |editor2-first=Lyle |date=2012 |title=The Indigenous Languages of South America |chapter=Classification of the indigenous languages of South America |series=The World of Linguistics |volume=2 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=59–166 |isbn=9783110255133}}</ref>{{rp|133}}

In the case of New Guinea, one of the most linguistically diverse areas on Earth, some spurious languages are simply the names of language surveys that the data was published under. Examples are ''{{vanchor|Mapi}}, Kia, {{vanchor|Upper Digul}}, {{vanchor|Upper Kaeme}}'', listed as Indo-Pacific languages in Ruhlen 1987; these are actually rivers that gave their names to language surveys in the Greater Awyu languages and Ok languages of New Guinea.<ref>Upper Kaeme may correspond to Korowai.</ref>

==Dubious languages==
Dubious languages are those whose existence is uncertain. They include:
* [[Social:Oropom language|Oropom]] (Uganda)
* Nemadi (Mauritania)
* Rer Bare (Ethiopia) – extinct, if it ever existed
* Tapeba ({{wipe|Brazil}})<ref>{{ethnologue17|tbb|Tapeba}}</ref><ref>{{glottolog|tape1236|Tapeba}}</ref> – a recently created indigenous ethnicity, not a language
* Ladakhi Sign Language – no community to use it<ref>{{cite web|url=http://glottolog.org/resource/reference/id/321418 |title=Glottolog 2.4 – Adabe |publisher=Glottolog.org |access-date=2015-07-13}}</ref>
* Dek (Cameroon)

=={{anchor|Ethnologue|ISO_639-3}}Spurious according to ''Ethnologue'' and ISO 639-3==
Following is a list of [[Social:ISO 639-3|ISO 639-3]] language codes which have been retired since the standard was established in 2006, arranged by the year in which the change request was submitted; in most cases the actual retirement took effect in the beginning of the following year.  Also included is a partial list of languages (with their SIL codes) that appeared at one time in ''[[Social:Ethnologue|Ethnologue]]'' but were removed prior to 2006, arranged by the first edition in which they did not appear.

The list includes codes that have been retired from ISO 639-3 or languages removed from ''Ethnologue'' because the language apparently does not exist and cannot be identified with an existing language. The list does not include instances where the "language" turns out to be a spelling variant of another language or the name of a village where an already known language is spoken; these are cases of duplicates, which are resolved in ISO 639-3 by a code merger. It does include "languages" for which there is no evidence or which cannot be found. (In some cases, however, the evidence for nonexistence is a survey among the current population of the area, which would not identify extinct languages such as [[Social:Ware language|Ware]] below.)

SIL codes are upper case; ISO codes are lower case. Once retired, ISO 639-3 codes are not reused.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/changes.asp |title=ISO 639-3 Change History |publisher=01.sil.org |access-date=2015-07-13}}</ref>  SIL codes that were retired prior to 2006 may have been re-used or may have reappeared as ISO codes for other languages.

===Removed from ''Ethnologue'', 12th ed., 1992===
* {{vanchor|Itaem}} (PNG) [{{vanchor|ITM}}]
* {{vanchor|Marajona}} (Brazil) [{{vanchor|MPQ}}]
* {{vanchor|Nemeyam}} (PNG) [{{vanchor|NMY}}]
* {{vanchor|Nereyama}}, {{vanchor|Nereyó}} (Brazil) [{{vanchor|NRY}}]
* {{vanchor|Numbiaí}} ({{vanchor|Orelha de Pau}}) [{{vanchor|NUH}}]
* {{vanchor|Oganibi}} (PNG) [{{vanchor|OGA}}]
* {{vanchor|Tijuana Sign Language|TSL}} (Mexico) [{{vanchor|TJS}}] – added to ''Ethnologue'' 1988 by mistake due to a misunderstanding, removed in 1992. No evidence that it ever existed.
* {{vanchor|Tyeliri}} Senoufo [{{vanchor|TYE}}] – the Tyeliri are a caste of leather workers, and do not have their own language
* {{vanchor|Wagumi}} [{{vanchor|WGM}}]
* {{vanchor|Zanofil}} – name of an ethnic group that speaks Yongkom [yon]

===Removed from ''Ethnologue'', 13th ed., 1996===
* {{vanchor|Bibasa}} (PNG) [{{vanchor|BHE}}] – described as "isolate in need of survey" in the 12th ed.

===Removed from ''Ethnologue'', 14th ed., 2000===
* {{vanchor|Alak}} 2 [{{vanchor|ALQ}}] – a mislabeled fragment of a word list<ref>Sidwell, 2009, ''Classifying the Austroasiatic languages''</ref>
* {{vanchor|Dzorgai}} [{{vanchor|DZI}}], {{vanchor|Kortse}} [{{vanchor|KBG}}], {{vanchor|Pingfang}} [{{vanchor|PFG}}], {{vanchor|Thochu}} [{{vanchor|TCJ}}], {{vanchor|Lofuchai}} ({{vanchor|Lophuchai}}) [{{vanchor|LFU}}], {{vanchor|Wagsod}} [{{vanchor|WGS}}] – old names for [[Social:Qiangic languages|Qiangic languages]], some of uncertain correspondence to currently recognized names
* {{vanchor|Hsifan}} [{{vanchor|HSI}}] – an ethnic name for people speaking a variety of Qiangic or Jiarongic languages
* {{anchor|SPSL}}Scandinavian Pidgin Sign Language [{{vanchor|SPF}}] – normal inter-language contact, not an established pidgin
* [[Social:Wutana language|Wutana]] (Nigeria) [{{vanchor|WUW}}] – an ethnic name

===Removed from ''Ethnologue'', 15th ed., 2005===
* {{vanchor|Jiji}} [{{vanchor|JIJ}}]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=JIJ |title=Ethnologue 14 report for language code:JIJ |publisher=Ethnologue.com |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref>
*{{vanchor|Kalanke}} [{{vanchor|CKN}}]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=CKN |title=Ethnologue 14 report for language code:CKN |publisher=Ethnologue.com |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref>
*{{vanchor|Lewada}}-{{vanchor|Dewara}} [{{vanchor|LWD}}], incl. {{vanchor|Balamula}}/{{vanchor|Mataru}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=LWD |title=Ethnologue 14 report for language code:LWD |publisher=Ethnologue.com |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref>
*{{vanchor|Lowland Semang}} [{{vanchor|ORB}}]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=ORB |title=Ethnologue 14 report for language code:ORB |publisher=Ethnologue.com |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref> (though other languages without ISO codes, such as Wila', are also called Lowland Semang)
*Mutús [{{vanchor|MUF}}]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=MUF |title=Ethnologue 14 report for language code:MUF |publisher=Ethnologue.com |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref> – suspected to exist, e.g. by Adelaar 2005
*{{vanchor|Nchinchege}} [{{vanchor|NCQ}}]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=NCQ |title=Ethnologue 14 report for language code:NCQ |publisher=Ethnologue.com |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref>
*{{vanchor|Nkwak}} [{{vanchor|NKQ}}]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=NKQ |title=Ethnologue 14 report for language code:NKQ |publisher=Ethnologue.com |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref> – same as Tanjijili? Also a possible synonym for Kwak (retired in 2015)
*{{vanchor|Oso}} ({{vanchor|Southern Fungom}}) [{{vanchor|OSO}}] – no evidence it is distinct from Fungom and Bum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=OSO |title=Ethnologue 14 report for language code:OSO |publisher=Ethnologue.com |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref>
*{{vanchor|Rungi}} [{{vanchor|RUR}}]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=RUR |title=Ethnologue 14 report for language code:RUR |publisher=Ethnologue.com |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref>
*{{vanchor|Wamsak}} [{{vanchor|WBD}}]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=WBD |title=Ethnologue 14 report for language code:WBD |publisher=Ethnologue.com |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref>

===Retired 2006===
*{{vanchor|Miarrã}} [{{vanchor|xmi}}] – unattested<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2006-016 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2006/2006-016.pdf|first1=Conrad|last1=Hurd|publisher=SIL International|date=2006-08-08|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{glottolog|miar1236|Miarra}}</ref>
*{{vanchor|Atuence}} [{{vanchor|atf}}] – an old town name<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2006-122 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2006/2006-122.pdf|first1=Conrad|last1=Hurd|publisher=SIL International|date=2007-03-26|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
*{{vanchor|Amapá}} Creole [{{vanchor|amd}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2006-124 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2006/2006-124.pdf|first1=Conrad|last1=Hurd|publisher=SIL International|date=2007-03-21|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>

===Retired 2007===
*{{vanchor|Amikoana}} ({{vanchor|Amikuân}}) [{{vanchor|akn}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2007-003 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2007/2007-003.pdf|first1=David J.|last1=Holbrook|publisher=SIL International|date=2007-04-05|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
* {{anchor|Land Dayak}}Land Dayak [{{vanchor|dyk}}] – language family name, not individual language<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2007-254 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2007/2007-254.pdf|first1=Matt|last1=Peebles|publisher=SIL International|date=2007-09-01|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
*[[Social:Ware language|Ware]] [{{vanchor|wre}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2007-024 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2007/2007-024.pdf|first1=Mark|last1=Woodward|publisher=SIL International|date=2007-05-23|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref> – Ware is listed as extinct in Maho (2009). When an SIL team in Tanzania were not able to find any evidence of it being spoken, the code was retired. 
*{{vanchor|Bahau}} River Kenyah [{{vanchor|bwv}}], {{vanchor|Kayan}} River Kenyah [{{vanchor|knh}}], {{vanchor|Mahakam}} Kenyah [{{vanchor|xkm}}], {{vanchor|Upper Baram}} Kenyah [{{vanchor|ubm}}] – Any current use is likely either Mainstream Kenyah [{{vanchor|xkl}}] or Uma' Lung [{{vanchor|ulu}}]

===Retired 2008===
*[[Social:Aariya language|Aariya]] [{{vanchor|aay}}]
*{{vanchor|Papavô}} [{{vanchor|ppv}}] – name given to several uncontacted groups
*{{vanchor|Amerax}} [{{vanchor|aex}}] – prison jargon
*[[Europanto]] [{{vanchor|eur}}] – a jest
*{{vanchor|Garreh}}-{{vanchor|Ajuran}} [{{vanchor|ggh}}] (Borana & Somali)
*Sufrai [{{vanchor|suf}}] – two languages, Tarpia and Kaptiau, which are not close<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2006-016 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2006/2006-016.pdf|first1=Conrad|last1=Hurd|publisher=SIL International|date=2006-08-08|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>

===Retired 2009===
*Chumash [chs]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2008-030 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2008/2008-030.pdf|first1=John|last1=McLaughlin|publisher=SIL International|date=2008-03-03|access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref>

===Retired 2010===
*Ayi (China) [{{vanchor|ayx}}]
*{{vanchor|Dhanwar}} (India) [{{vanchor|dha}}]
*{{vanchor|Mahei}} [{{vanchor|mja}}]

===Retired 2011===
*{{vanchor|Palu}} [{{vanchor|pbz}}]
*Pongyong [{{vanchor|pgy}}]
*Elpaputih [{{vanchor|elp}}] – could be either of two existing languages

===Retired 2012===
*Malakhel [{{vanchor|mld}}] – likely Ormuri
*Forest Maninka [{{vanchor|myq}}]<!--not Sangab Mandaya [myt]--> – generic
*Wirangu-Nauo [{{vanchor|wiw}}] – the two varieties which do not form a unit<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2011-133 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2011/2011-133.pdf|first1=Karsten|last1=Legère|publisher=SIL International|date=2011-08-18|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>

===Retired 2013===
*Gugu Mini [{{vanchor|ggm}}] – a generic name
*{{vanchor|Maskoy}} Pidgin [{{vanchor|mhh}}] – never existed
*{{vanchor|Emok}} [{{vanchor|emo}}] – never existed
*[[Social:Yugh language|Yugh]] [{{vanchor|yuu}}] – duplicate of [[Social:Yugh language|Yug]] [{{vanchor|yug}}]
*Lamam [{{vanchor|lmm}}] – duplicate of Romam [{{vanchor|rmx}}]

===Retired 2014===
*Mator-Taygi-Karagas [{{vanchor|ymt}}] – duplicate of Mator
*{{anchor|YSL}}Yiddish Sign Language [{{vanchor|yds}}] – no evidence that it existed<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2014-010 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2014/2014-010.pdf|first1=J. Albert|last1=Bickford|publisher=SIL International|date=2014-01-31|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
*The [{{vanchor|thx}}] – duplicate of Oy
* Imraguen (Mauritania) [{{vanchor|ime}}] 
* {{vanchor|Borna}} (''{{vanchor|Eborna}}'') [{{vanchor|bxx}}] – perhaps a typo for Boma (''Eboma'')<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2014-032 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2014/2014-032.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2014-07-25|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
*Bemba [{{vanchor|bmy}}] – a tribal name
*Songa [{{vanchor|sgo}}] – a tribal name
*Daza [{{vanchor|dzd}}]   – retired in 2014 (with the reason "Nonexistent") but that decision was reversed in 2022, bringing [dzd] back<ref>{{cite web|title=639 Identifier Documentation: dzd|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/dzd|publisher=SIL International|access-date=2023-02-13}}</ref>
*Buya [{{vanchor|byy}}] 
*Kakauhua [{{vanchor|kbf}}] – Kakauhua/Caucahue is an ethnonym, language unattested – see [[Social:Alacalufan languages|Alacalufan languages]]
*Subi [{{vanchor|xsj}}] – duplicate of Shubi [suj] but that decision was reversed in 2018, bringing [xsj] back<ref>{{cite web|title=639 Identifier Documentation: xsj|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/xsj|publisher=SIL International|access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref>
*{{vanchor|Yangho}} [{{vanchor|ynh}}] – does not exist
*ǂKxʼaoǁʼae ("=/Kx'au//'ein") [{{vanchor|aue}}] – dialect of Juǀʼhoan [ktz]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2014-059 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2014/2014-059.pdf|first1=Josh|last1=Dyer|publisher=SIL International|date=2014-08-28|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>

===Retired 2015===
*{{vanchor|Bhatola}} [btl]
*{{vanchor|Cagua}} [cbh]
*{{vanchor|Chipiajes}} [cbe] – a Saliba and Guahibo surname
*{{vanchor|Coxima}} [kox]
* {{vanchor|Iapama}} [{{vanchor|iap}}] – uncontacted, and likely one of the neighboring languages
*{{vanchor|Kabixí}} [xbx] – generic name for Parecis, Nambiquaras, or any hostile group (see Cabixi language for one specific use)
*{{vanchor|Runa}} [rna]
* {{vanchor|Savara}} (Dravidian) [{{vanchor|svr}}]
* {{anchor|Xipináwa}}Xipináwa [{{vanchor|xip}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2015-011 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2015/2015-011.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2015-03-09|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
*{{vanchor|Yarí}} [yri]

And several supposed extinct [[Social:Arawakan languages|Arawakan languages]] of Venezuela and Colombia:
* {{vanchor|Cumeral}} [{{vanchor|cum}}]  
* {{vanchor|Omejes}} [{{vanchor|ome}}]
* {{vanchor|Ponares}} [{{vanchor|pod}}] – a Sáliba surname, perhaps just Piapoco or Achagua<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2015-032 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2015/2015-032.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2015-05-28|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Tomedes}} {{a.k.a.}} {{vanchor|Tamudes}} [{{vanchor|toe}}]

Additional languages and codes were retired in 2015, due to a lack of evidence that they existed, but were not necessarily spurious as languages.

===Retired 2016===
* {{anchor|Lua'}}Lua' [{{vanchor|prb}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2016-010 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2016/2016-010.pdf|first1=Nate|last1=Cheeseman|publisher=SIL International|date=2016-02-16|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
* {{anchor|Rennellese Sign Language}}[[Social:Rennellese Sign Language|Rennellese Sign Language]] [{{vanchor|rsi}}] – a home sign system, not a full language<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2016-002 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2016/2016-002.pdf|first1=Albert|last1=Bickford|publisher=SIL International|date=2015-09-23|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Rien}} [{{vanchor|rie}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2016-005 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2016/2016-005.pdf|first1=Nate|last1=Cheeseman|publisher=SIL International|date=2015-10-27|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Shinabo}} [{{vanchor|snh}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2016-004 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2016/2016-004.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2015-10-26|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Pu Ko}} [{{vanchor|puk}}] – no substantive evidence that the language ever existed.

===Retired 2017===
* {{vanchor|Lyons Sign Language}} [{{vanchor|lsg}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2017-013 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-013.pdf|first1=J. Albert|last1=Bickford|publisher=SIL International|date=2017-03-09|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref> – no substantive evidence that the language ever existed.
* {{vanchor|Mediak}} [{{vanchor|mwx}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2017-017 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-017.pdf|first1=Karsten|last1=Legère|publisher=SIL International|date=2017-05-18|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Mosiro}} [{{vanchor|mwy}}] – a clan name<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2016-029 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2016/2016-029.pdf|first1=Karsten|last1=Legère|publisher=SIL International|date=2016-08-31|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>

===Retired 2018===
* {{vanchor|Lui}} [{{vanchor|lba}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2018-016 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2018/2018-016.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2018-08-20|access-date=2019-01-15}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Khlor}} [{{vanchor|llo}}] – duplicate of Kriang [{{vanchor|ngt}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2018-008 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2018/2018-008.pdf|first1=Ryan|last1=Gehrmann|publisher=SIL International|date=2018-01-22|access-date=2019-01-25}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Mina (India)}} [{{vanchor|myi}}] – Meena, a tribe and caste name in India<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2018-011 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2018/2018-011.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2018-08-09|access-date=2019-01-25}}</ref>

===Retired 2019===
* {{vanchor|Arma}} [{{vanchor|aoh}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-017 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-017.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-03-01|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Tayabas Ayta}} [{{vanchor|ayy}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-018 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-018.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-03-04|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Babalia Creole Arabic}} [{{vanchor|bbz}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-013 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-013.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-01-05|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Barbacoas}} [{{vanchor|bpb}}] <ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-019 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-019.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-03-04|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Cauca}} [{{vanchor|cca}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-020 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-020.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-03-05|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Chamari}} [{{vanchor|cdg}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-028 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-028.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-03-14|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Degaru}} [{{vanchor|dgu}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-029 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-029.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-03-18|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Eastern Karnic}} [{{vanchor|ekc}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-015 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-015.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-02-16|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Khalaj}} [{{vanchor|kjf}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-026 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-026.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-03-12|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Lumbee}} [{{vanchor|lmz}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-025 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-025.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-03-07|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
* [[Social:Palpa language (Indo-Aryan)|Palpa]] [{{vanchor|plp}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-034 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-034.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-03-13|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Tapeba}} [{{vanchor|tbb}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2019-032 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2019/2019-032.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2019-03-13|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>

===Retired 2020===
*Bikaru [bic] &ndash; posited based on a poor elicitation of ordinary Bisorio<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/request/2020-026|title = 2020-026 &#124; Iso 639-3}}</ref>
===Retired 2021===
* {{vanchor|Warduji}} [{{vanchor|wrd}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2021-015 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2021/2021-015.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2021-02-25|access-date=2022-02-04}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Pini}} [{{vanchor|pii}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2021-021 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2021/2021-021.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2021-04-26|access-date=2022-02-04}}</ref>
===Retired 2022===
* {{vanchor|Tupí}} [{{vanchor|tpw}}] &ndash; duplicate of Tupinamba [tpn]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2022-012 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2022/2022-012.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2022-06-30|access-date=2023-02-08}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Karipúna}} [{{vanchor|kgm}}] &ndash; duplicate of Palikur [plu]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2022-012 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2022/2022-011.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2022-06-30|access-date=2023-02-08}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Khoibal}} [{{vanchor|kbz}}] &ndash; duplicate of [[Social:Khakas language|Khakas]] [kjh]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2022-011 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2022/2022-011.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2022-06-30|access-date=2023-02-08}}</ref>
* {{vanchor|Salchuq}} [{{vanchor|slq}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2022-015 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2022/2022-015.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2022-06-30|access-date=2023-02-08}}</ref>
* Parsi [{{vanchor|prp}}]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2022-009 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2022/2022-009.pdf|publisher=SIL International|date=2022-06-24|access-date=2023-02-08}}</ref>
* Judeo-Tunisian Arabic [{{vanchor|ajt}}] – duplicate of Tunisian Arabic [aeb]<ref>{{cite web|title=Request Number 2021-020 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2021/2021-020.pdf|first1=Houcemeddine|last1=Turki|publisher=SIL International|date=2021-04-21|access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Glottolog}}Spurious according to ''Glottolog''==
''[[Social:Glottolog|Glottolog]]'', maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, classifies several languages, some with [[ISO 639]] codes, as spurious/unattested in addition to those retired by the ISO.  These include:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Language Name !! ISO 639-3!!  Details
|-
| !Khuai|| || Duplicate of [[Social:ǀXam language|ǀXam]] 
|-
| Adabe || adb|| Dialect of Wetarese, taken for a Papuan language 
|-
| Adu || adu|| Duplicate of Okpamheri 
|-
| Agaria || agi || all likely candidates in the area already have ISO codes 
|-
| Ahirani || ahr || [[Social:Khandeshi language|Khandeshi]] dialect 
|-
| Anasi|| bpo || Misidentification of Nisa 
|-
|Arakwal||rkw|| An ethnic group, not a language 
|-
|Baga Kaloum||bqf|| Should be subsumed into Koga variant 
|-
|Baga Sobané||bsv|| Should be subsumed into Sitemu variant 
|-
|Bainouk-Samik||bcb||Split from Bainouk-Gunyuño due solely to national border 
|-
|Bhalay||bhx||A caste rather than a language 
|-
|Bubia||bbx||
|-
|Buso||bso||Duplicate of Kwang 
|-
|Chetco||ctc||Indistinguishable from Tolowa 
|-
|Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao||cqd||
|-
|Con||cno||
|-
|Gengle||geg||Mutually intelligible with Kugama 
|-
|Gowlan||goj||A caste rather than a language 
|-
|Gowli||gok||A caste, not a language 
|-
|Guajajara||gub|| Mutually intelligble with [[Social:Tenetehara language|Tenetehara]] 
|-
|Ihievbe||ihi||Ibviosakan dialect 
|-
|Ir||irr||duplicate of Ong-Ir 
|-
|[[Social:Judeo-Berber language|Judeo-Berber]]||jbe||According to Glottolog, Jewish Berbers speak no differently than Muslim Berbers. However, there are claims, listed in the linked article, that this is not true. 
|-
|Kang||kyp||
|-
|Kannada Kurumba||kfi||
|-
|Katukína||kav||Historical form of modern-day language, not considered distinct 
|-
|Kayort||kyv|| Duplicate of Rajbanshi 
|-
|Kisankasa||kqh||
|-
|Kofa||kso||Duplicate of Bata 
|-
|Kpatili||kpm||Purportedly the original language of the Kpatili people, who now speak Gbayi, but any such language is unattested 
|-
|Kuanhua||xnh|| Insufficient attestion; possibly Khmu 
|-
|Kuku-Mangk||xmq||
|-
|Lama (Myanmar)||lay||Duplicate of Nung 
|-
|Lambichhong||lmh||Yakkha language; name exists due to form errors 
|-
|[[Social:Lang'e language|Lang'e]]||yne||
|-
|Laopang||lbg||Undocumented Loloish language 
|-
|Loarki||lrk||Also covered under Gade Lohar (gda) 
|-
|Lopi||lov||Undocumented Loloish language 
|-
|Lumba-Yakkha||luu||Yakkha language; name exists due to form errors 
|-
|Munda||unx||Duplicate of Mundari 
|-
|Ndonde Hamba||njd||Dialect of Makonde language 
|-
|Norra||nrr||Duplicate of Nung 
|-
|Northwestern Fars||faz||all likely candidates in the area already have ISO codes 
|-
|Odut||oda||Extinct and unattested Nigerian language 
|-
|[[Social:Old Turkic language|Old Turkish]]||otk||
|-
|Ontenu||ont||A place rather than a language 
|-
|Phangduwali||phw||Yakkha language; name exists due to form errors 
|-
|Pisabo||pig||Asserted to be both unattested and non-distinct by Glottolog 
|-
|Pokangá||pok||Spurious misidentification of Waimajã 
|-
|Potiguára||pog||Unattested language, Glottolog argues is likely Old Tupi 
|-
|Puimei Naga||npu||Indistinct variety of one of the related languages 
|-
|Putoh||put||
|-
|Quetzaltepec Mixe||pxm||
|-
|Rufiji||rui||
|-
|Skagit||ska|| duplicate of Lushootseed 
|-
|Snohomish||sno|| duplicate of Lushootseed 
|-
|Southern Lolopo||ysp|| Confused entry duplicating either Lolopo or Miqie 
|-
|Southwestern Nisu||nsv||Likely confused additional [[Social:Nisu language|Nisu language]] (spoken in same locations as Southern Nisu) 
|-
|Syerna Senoufo||shz||Should be subsumed into Sìcìté Sénoufo 
|-
|Tawang Monpa||twm||Chinese and Indian name for Dakpakha 
|-
|Tetete||teb||Unattested, but intelligeble with Siona language 
|-
|Thu Lao||tyl||Duplicate of Dai Zhuang 
|-
|Tingui-Boto||tgv||Ethnic group speaking Dzubukuá  
|-
|Welaung||weu||Place name, not a language 
|-
|Yarsun||yrs||
|-
|Yauma||yax||
|}

==References and notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/codes_retired.asp|title=Retired Code Elements Index|website=[[Organization:SIL International|SIL International]]}}.

[[Category:Spurious languages| ]]

{{Sourceattribution|Spurious languages}}