View source for Social:Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn

{{Short description|Transcription system}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| collapse = n
| title = Tâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
| l = Taiwanese Hokkien Romanization Solution
| bpmf = ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄩˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄗˋ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄤ ㄢˋ
| w = T'ai²-wan¹ Min³-nan²-yü³ Lo²-ma³-tzû⁴ P'in¹-in¹ Fang¹-an⁴
| p = Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn
| tp = Táiwan Mǐnnán-yǔ Luómǎzìh Pinyin Fang-àn
| mps = Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn
| gr = Tair'uan Miinnanyeu Luomaatzyh Pin'in Fang'ann
| y = Tòihwāan Máhnnàahmyuh Lòhmáhjih Pingyām Fōng'on
| j = Toi4waan1 Man5naam4jyu6 Lo4maa5zi6 Ping3jam1 Fong1on3
| poj = Tâi-ôan Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn
| tl = Tâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
| h = Thòi-vàn Men-nàm-ngî Lò-mâ-sṳ Piang-yîm Fông-on
| altname = Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
| l2 = Taiwanese (language) Romanization Solution
| poj2 = Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn
| tl2 = Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
| altname3 = Tâi-lô
| bpmf3 = ㄊㄞˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ
| w3 = T'ai²-lo² P'in¹-in¹
| p3 = Táiluó Pīnyīn
| tp3 = Táiluó Pinyin
| mps3 = Táiluó Pinyin
| gr3 = Tairluo Pin'in
| poj3 = Tâi-lô Pheng-im
| tl3 = Tâi-lô Phing-im
| h3 = Thòi-lò Piang-yîm
}}
{{RCL}}

The official romanization system for Taiwanese Hokkien in Taiwan is locally referred to as '''Tâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn''' or '''Taiwan Minnanyu Luomazi Pinyin Fang'an''' ({{lit|Taiwanese Hokkien Romanization Solution}}),{{efn native lang|tw|name=<!-- word1 -->
  |t=臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案
  |p=Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn
  |m=Tâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
  |s=
}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Táiwān mǐnnányǔ luómǎzì pīnyīn fāng'àn |script-title=zh:臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案 |trans-title=Taiwanese Hokkien Romanization Solution |url=https://ws.moe.edu.tw/001/Upload/FileUpload/3677-15601/Documents/151609.pdf |access-date=20 November 2019 |language=zh-hant |via=language.moe.edu.tw}}</ref> often shortened to '''Tâi-lô'''. It is derived from [[Social:Pe̍h-ōe-jī|Pe̍h-ōe-jī]] and since 2006 has been one of the phonetic notation systems officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.<ref>{{Cite book |publisher=Ministry of Education (Taiwan) |url=http://english.moe.gov.tw/public/Attachment/9851214271.pdf |title=Táiwān mǐnnányǔ luómǎzì pīnyīn fāng'àn shǐyòng shǒucè |date=2008 |isbn=978-986-01-6637-8 |edition=2nd |language=zh-hant |script-title=zh:臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案使用手冊 |trans-title=Practical Manual for the Taiwan Southern Min Romanization System |orig-date=first edition 2007}}</ref> The system is used in the MoE's ''Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan''. It is nearly identical to [[Social:Pe̍h-ōe-jī|Pe̍h-ōe-jī]], apart from: using ''ts tsh'' instead of ''ch chh'', using ''u'' instead of ''o'' in vowel combinations such as ''oa'' and ''oe'', using ''i'' instead of ''e'' in ''eng'' and ''ek'', using ''oo'' instead of ''o͘'', and using ''nn'' instead of ''ⁿ''.
[[File:20061014 ROC-EDU Taiwanese Romanization System.pdf|thumb|Taiwanese Romanization System]]

== Alphabet ==
The Taiwanese Romanization System uses 16 basic Latin letters (A, B, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U), 7 digraphs (Kh, Ng, nn, Oo, Ph, Th, Ts) and a trigraph (Tsh). In addition, it uses 6 diacritics to represent [[Social:Tone (linguistics)|tones]].
{| class=wikitable style="font-size: 1.1em;"
|-align=center
! [[Social:Letter case|Capital letter]] !! [[Social:Letter case|Lower case]] !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Letter name (variant 1) !! Letter name (variant 2)
|-
| A || a || {{IPA|nan-TW|a|}} || a || a
|-
| B || b || {{IPA|nan-TW|b|}} || bi || be
|-
| E || e || {{IPA|nan-TW|e|}} || e || e
|-
| G || g || {{IPA|nan-TW|ɡ|}} || gi || ge
|-
| H || h || {{IPA|nan-TW|h, ʔ|}} || hi || ha
|-
| I || i || {{IPA|nan-TW|i|}} || i || i
|-
| J || j || {{IPA|nan-TW|d͡z|}} || ji || je
|-
| K || k || {{IPA|nan-TW|k|}} || ki || ka
|-
| Kh || kh || {{IPA|nan-TW|kʰ|}} || khi || kha
|-
| L || l || {{IPA|nan-TW|l|}} || li || e-luh
|-
| M || m || {{IPA|nan-TW|m|}} || mi || e-muh
|-
| N || n || {{IPA|nan-TW|n|}} || ni || e-nuh
|-
| Ng || ng || {{IPA|nan-TW|ŋ|}} || ngi || nge
|-
| NN || nn || {{IPA|nan-TW|◌̃|}} || inn || enn
|-
| O || o || {{IPA|nan-TW|o|}} || o || o
|-
| Oo || oo || {{IPA|nan-TW|ɔ|}} || oo || oo
|-
| P || p || {{IPA|nan-TW|p|}} || pi || pe
|-
| Ph || ph || {{IPA|nan-TW|pʰ|}} || phi || phe
|-
| S || s || {{IPA|nan-TW|s|}} || si || e-suh
|-
| T || t || {{IPA|nan-TW|t|}} || ti || te
|-
| Th || th || {{IPA|nan-TW|tʰ|}} || thi || the
|-
| Ts || ts || {{IPA|nan-TW|t͡s|}} || tsi || tse
|-
| Tsh || tsh || {{IPA|nan-TW|t͡sʰ|}} || tshi || tshe
|-
| U || u || {{IPA|nan-TW|u|}} || u || u
|}
* "nn" is only used after a vowel to express nasalization, so it only appears capitalized in all-caps texts.
* Palatalization occurs when "j, s, ts, tsh" are followed by "i", so "ji, si, tsi, tshi" are sometimes governed as trigraphs and tetragraphs.
* Of the 10 unused basic Latin letters, "R" is sometimes used to express dialectal vowels (somewhat similar to erhua), while the others (C, D, F, Q, V, W, X, Y, Z) are only used in [[Social:Loanword|loanword]]s.

=== Sample texts ===
; Tâi-lô
: {{lang|nan-Latn|Pe̍h-uē-jī (PUJ) sī tsı̍t khuán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phìng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-uân ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-uī tong-tshoo sī thuân-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, sóo-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā PUJ kiò-tsò Kàu-huē Lô-má-jī, hı̍k-tsiá sī kán-tshing Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-tsiá bē-tsió m̄-sī kàu-tôo, kàu-tôo mā tsin tsē bē-hiáu PUJ.}}
; Pe̍h-ōe-jī
: {{lang|nan-Latn|Pe̍h-ōe-jī (POJ) sī chı̍t khoán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phèng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-ôan ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-ūi tong-chho͘ sī thôan-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, só͘-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā POJ kiò-chò Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī, he̍k-chiá sī kán-chheng Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-chiá bē-chió m̄-sī kàu-tô͘, kàu-tô͘ mā chin chē bē-hiáu POJ.}}
; Hàn-jī
: {{lang|zh-Hant|白話字（POJ）是一款用拉丁（羅馬）拼音系統來寫臺灣的語言的書面文字。因為當初是傳教士引入來的，所以也有人共POJ叫做教會羅馬字，或者是簡稱教羅。不而過現代的使用者袂少毋是教徒，教徒嘛真濟袂曉POJ。}}
; IPA
: {{IPA|nan-TW|peʔued͡ʑi (pi o d͡ʑe) ɕi t͡ɕiʔkʰuan ioŋ latin (loma) pʰiŋim hetʰoŋ lai ɕa taiuan e gigiɛn e subin bund͡ʑi ‖ inui toŋt͡sɔ ɕi tʰuankausu ind͡ʑiʔlai e sɔi iaʔulaŋ ka pi o d͡ʑi kiot͡so kauhue lomad͡ʑi hiʔt͡ɕia ɕi kant͡ɕʰiŋ kaulo ‖ puʔd͡ʑiko hiɛntai e suioŋt͡ɕia bet͡ɕio m̩ɕi kautɔ kautɔ ma t͡ɕin t͡se behiau pi o d͡ʑi ‖|}}<!--please add tones-->

== Values ==

=== Consonants ===
{|class=wikitable
|+Initials
!rowspan=2 colspan=2| !!colspan=2|Bilabial!!colspan=2|Alveolar
!colspan=2|Alveolo-palatal!!colspan=2|Velar!!Glottal
|-
!Voiceless!!Voiced!!Voiceless!!Voiced
!Voiceless!!Voiced!!Voiceless!!Voiced
!Voiceless
|-align=center
!colspan=2|Nasal
| ||'''<big>m</big>''' [m]<br>ㄇ {{lang|zh-Hant|毛}}({{lang|nan-Latn|moo}})|| ||'''<big>n</big>''' [n]<br>ㄋ {{lang|zh-Hant|耐}}({{lang|nan-Latn|nāi}})|| ||
| ||'''<big>ng</big>''' [ŋ]<br>ㄫ {{lang|zh-Hant|雅}}({{lang|nan-Latn|ngá}})||
|-align=center
!rowspan=2|Plosive!!Unaspirated
|'''<big>p</big>''' [p]<br>ㄅ {{lang|zh-Hant|邊}}({{lang|nan-Latn|pian}})
|'''<big>b</big>''' [b]<br>ㆠ {{lang|zh-Hant|文}}({{lang|nan-Latn|bûn}})
|'''<big>t</big>''' [t]<br>ㄉ {{lang|zh-Hant|地}}({{lang|nan-Latn|tē}})|| || ||
|'''<big>k</big>''' [k]<br>ㄍ {{lang|zh-Hant|求}}({{lang|nan-Latn|kiû}})
|'''<big>g</big>''' [g]<br>ㆣ {{lang|zh-Hant|語}}({{lang|nan-Latn|gí}})||
|-align=center
!Aspirated
|'''<big>ph</big>''' [pʰ]<br>ㄆ {{lang|zh-Hant|波}}({{lang|nan-Latn|pho}})|| 
|'''<big>th</big>''' [tʰ]<br>ㄊ {{lang|zh-Hant|他}}({{lang|nan-Latn|thann}})|| || ||
|'''<big>kh</big>''' [kʰ]<br>ㄎ {{lang|zh-Hant|去}}({{lang|nan-Latn|khì}})|| ||
|-align=center
!rowspan=2|Affricate!!Unaspirated
| || ||'''<big>ts</big>''' [ts]<br>ㄗ {{lang|zh-Hant|曾}}({{lang|nan-Latn|tsan}})
|'''<big>j</big>''' [dz]<br>ㆡ {{lang|zh-Hant|熱}}({{lang|nan-Latn|jua̍h}})
|'''<big>tsi</big>''' [tɕ]<br>ㄐ {{lang|zh-Hant|尖}}({{lang|nan-Latn|tsiam}})
|'''<big>ji</big>''' [dʑ]<br>ㆢ {{lang|zh-Hant|入}}({{lang|nan-Latn|ji̍p}})|| || ||
|-align=center
!Aspirated
| || ||'''<big>tsh</big>''' [tsʰ]<br>ㄘ {{lang|zh-Hant|出}}({{lang|nan-Latn|tshut}})||
|'''<big>tshi</big>''' [tɕʰ]<br>ㄑ {{lang|zh-Hant|手}}({{lang|nan-Latn|tshiú}})|| || || ||
|-align=center
!colspan=2|Fricative
| || ||'''<big>s</big>''' [s]<br>ㄙ {{lang|zh-Hant|衫}}({{lang|nan-Latn|sann}})||
|'''<big>si</big>''' [ɕ]<br>ㄒ {{lang|zh-Hant|寫}}({{lang|nan-Latn|siá}})|| || ||
|'''<big>h</big>''' [h]<br>ㄏ {{lang|zh-Hant|喜}}({{lang|nan-Latn|hí}})
|-align=center
!colspan=2|Lateral
| || || ||'''<big>l</big>''' [l] ~[ɾ]<br>ㄌ {{lang|zh-Hant|柳}}({{lang|nan-Latn|liú}})|| || || || ||
|}
{|
|valign=top|
{|class=wikitable
|+Finals
! !!Bilabial!!Alveolar
!Velar!!Glottal
|-align=center
!Nasal consonant
|'''<big>-m</big>''' [m]<br>ㆬ||'''<big>-n</big>''' [n]<br>ㄣ
|'''<big>-ng</big>''' [ŋ]<br>ㆭ||
|-align=center
!Stop consonant
|'''<big>-p</big>''' [p̚]<br>ㆴ||'''<big>-t</big>''' [t̚]<br>ㆵ||'''<big>-k</big>''' [k̚]<br>ㆶ||'''<big>-h</big>''' [ʔ]<br>ㆷ
|}
|valign=top|
{|class=wikitable
|+Syllabic consonant
! !!Bilabial!!Velar
|-align=center
!Nasal
|'''<big>m</big>''' [m̩]<br>ㆬ 姆(ḿ)||'''<big>ng</big>''' [ŋ̍]<br>ㆭ 酸(sng)
|}
|}

===Vowels & Rhymes===
{|
|valign=top|
{|class=wikitable
|+Simple & Nasal
!rowspan=2| !!colspan=2|Front!!colspan=2|Central!!colspan=2|Back
|-align=center
!Simple!!Nasal!!Simple!!Nasal!!Simple!!Nasal
|-align=center
!Close
|'''<big>i</big>''' [i]<br>ㄧ {{lang|zh-Hant|衣}}({{lang|nan-Latn|i}})
|'''<big>inn</big>''' [ĩ]<br>ㆪ {{lang|zh-Hant|圓}}({{lang|nan-Latn|înn}})||||
|'''<big>u</big>''' [u]<br>ㄨ {{lang|zh-Hant|污}}({{lang|nan-Latn|u}})
|'''<big>unn</big>''' [ũ]<br>ㆫ {{lang|zh-Hant|張}}({{lang|nan-Latn|tiunn}})
|-align=center
!Mid
|'''<big>e</big>''' [e]<br>ㆤ {{lang|zh-Hant|禮}}({{lang|nan-Latn|lé}})
|'''<big>enn</big>''' [ẽ]<br>ㆥ  {{lang|zh-Hant|生}}({{lang|nan-Latn|senn}})
|'''<big>o</big>'''[ə]<br>ㄜ {{lang|zh-Hant|高}}({{lang|nan-Latn|ko}})||
|'''<big>oo</big>''' [ɔ]<br>ㆦ {{lang|zh-Hant|烏}}({{lang|nan-Latn|oo}})
|'''<big>onn</big>''' [ɔ̃]<br>ㆧ {{lang|zh-Hant|翁}}({{lang|nan-Latn|onn}})
|-align=center
!Open
||| ||'''<big>a</big>''' [a]<br>ㄚ {{lang|zh-Hant|查}}({{lang|nan-Latn|tsa}})
|'''<big>ann</big>''' [ã]<br>ㆩ {{lang|zh-Hant|衫}}({{lang|nan-Latn|sann}})||||
|}
|valign=top|
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
|+Dialect
!Tâi-lô!![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!![[Social:Bopomofo|Bopomofo]]
|-
|ir||{{IPA|[ɨ]}}||ㆨ
|-
|er||{{IPA|[ə]}}||ㄜ
|-
|ee||{{IPA|[ɛ]}}||ㄝ
|-
|ere||{{IPA|[əe]}}|| ㄜㆤ{{efn|In version of {{ill|Ngoo Siu-le|zh|吳守禮}}, /{{IPAlink|ɘ}}{{IPAlink|e}}/ [ere] is spelled as [oe] while the Phonetic Symbol "ㄜ[[File:Extended Bopomofo U+31A4.svg|11px]]" is replaced with "[[File:Extended Bopomofo eer.svg|11px]]".}}
|}
|}
* ''o'' pronounced [<nowiki/>ə] ㄜ in general dialect in Kaohsiung and Tainan, [o] ㄛ in [[Place:Taipei|Taipei]].
* ''-nn'' forms the nasal vowels
* There is also syllabic ''m'' and ''ng''.
{|
|valign=top|
{|class=wikitable
!rowspan=2|Vowel(s)!!rowspan=2 colspan=2|Open syllabus!!colspan=3|Nasal!!colspan=5|Plosive
|-align=center
![m]!![n]!![ŋ]!![p̚]!![t̚]!![k̚]!!colspan=2|[<nowiki/>ʔ]
|-align=center
![a]
|a||ann||am||an||ang||ap||at||ak||ah||annh
|-align=center
![ai]
|ai||ainn|| || || || || || ||aih||ainnh
|-align=center
![au]
|au|| || || || || || || ||auh||
|-align=center
![e]
|e||enn|| || || || || || ||eh||ennh
|-align=center
![i]
|i||inn||im||in||ing||ip||it||ik||ih||innh
|-align=center
![ia]
|ia||iann||iam||ian||iang||iap||iat||iak||iah||iannh
|-align=center
![iau]
|iau||iaunn|| || || || || || ||iauh||
|-align=center
![iə]
|io|| || || || || || || ||ioh||
|-align=center
![iɔ]
| || || || ||iong|| || ||iok|| ||
|-align=center
![iu]
|iu||iunn|| || || || || || ||iuh||iunnh
|}
|valign=top|
{|class=wikitable
!rowspan=2|Vowel(s)!!rowspan=2 colspan=2|Open syllabus!!colspan=3|Nasal!!colspan=5|Plosive
|-align=center
![m]!![n]!![ŋ]!![p̚]!![t̚]!![k̚]!!colspan=2|[ʔ]
|-align=center
![ə]
|o|| || || || || || || ||oh||
|-align=center
![ɔ]
|oo||onn||om|| ||ong||op|| ||ok||ooh||onnh
|-align=center
![u]
|u|| || ||un|| || ||ut|| ||uh||
|-align=center
![ua]
|ua||uann|| ||uan|| || ||uat|| ||uah||
|-align=center
![uai]
|uai||uainn|| || || || || || || ||
|-align=center
![ue]
|ue|| || || || || || || ||ueh||
|-align=center
![ui]
|ui|| || || || || || || || ||
|-align=center
![m̩]
|colspan=2|m||colspan=6|－||colspan=2|mh
|-align=center
![ŋ̍]
|colspan=2|ng||colspan=6|－||colspan=2|ngh
|}
|}
* ''ing'' pronounced [ɪəŋ], ''ik'' pronounced [ɪək̚].

===Tones===
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
!Tone No.
|1||2 (= 6)||3||4||5||7||8
|-
!rowspan=2|Name
|{{lang|zh-tw|陰平}}||{{lang|zh-tw|上聲}}||{{lang|zh-tw|陰去}}||{{lang|zh-tw|陰入}}||{{lang|zh-tw|陽平}}||{{lang|zh-tw|陽去}}||{{lang|zh-tw|陽入}}
|-
|im-pîng||siōng-siann||im-khì||im-ji̍p||iông-pîng||iông-khì||iông-ji̍p
|-
!rowspan=2|Symbol
|None||Acute||Grave||None (-p, -t, -k, -h)||Circumflex||macron||Vertical line above  (-p, -t, -k, -h)
|-style="font-size:250%;"
|◌||◌́||◌̀||◌||◌̂||◌̄||◌̍
|-
!rowspan=2|Pitch
|˥||˥˩||˧˩||˧ʔ||˨˦||˧||˥ʔ
|-
|55||51||31||3ʔ||24||33||5ʔ
|-
!Example
|tong (東)||tóng (黨)||tòng (棟)||tok (督)||tông (同)||tōng (洞)||to̍k (毒)
|}

A hyphen links elements of a compound word. A double hyphen indicates that the following syllable has a neutral tone and therefore that the preceding syllable does not undergo tone sandhi.

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="padding:none; width:100%;"
|-
!colspan="20" style="background:lightblue;"| Licit syllables<ref>{{Cite book |publisher=Ministry of Education (Taiwan) |url=http://khai.mtwww.mt.au.edu.tw/ezcatfiles/b077/img/img/276/tshiutsheh.pdf |title=Táiwān mǐnnányǔ luómǎzì pīnyīn fāng'àn shǐyòng shǒucè |date=2007 |isbn=978-986-00-7755-1 |language=zh-hant |script-title=zh:臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案使用手冊 |trans-title=Practical Manual for the Taiwan Southern Min Romanization System |access-date=2014-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118152811/http://khai.mtwww.mt.au.edu.tw/ezcatfiles/b077/img/img/276/tshiutsheh.pdf |archive-date=2017-11-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|
{|class=wikitable
!width=50| !!width=50|Ø!!width=50|b!!width=50|g!!width=50|h!!width=50|j!!width=50|k!!width=50|kh!!width=50|l!!width=50|m
!width=50|n!!width=50|ng!!width=50|p!!width=50|ph!!width=50|s!!width=50|t!!width=50|th!!width=50|ts!!width=50|tsh!!width=50|
|-
!a
|a||ba||ga||ha|| ||ka||kha||la||ma||na||nga||pa||pha||sa||ta||tha||tsa||tsha
!a
|-
!ah
|ah||bah|| ||hah|| ||kah||khah||lah|| ||nah||||pah||phah||sah||tah||thah||tsah||tshah
!ah
|-
!ai
|ai||bai||gai||hai|| ||kai||khai||lai||mai||nai||ngai||pai||phai||sai||tai||thai||tsai||tshai
!ai
|-
!ainn
|ainn|| || ||hainn|| ||kainn||khainn|| || || || || ||phainn|| ||tainn|| ||tsainn||
!ainn
|-
!ak
|ak||bak||gak||hak|| ||kak||khak||lak|| || || ||pak||phak||sak||tak||thak||tsak||tshak
!ak
|-
!am
|am|| ||gam||ham|| ||kam||kham||lam|| || || || || ||sam||tam||tham||tsam||tsham
!am
|-
!an
|an||ban||gan||han|| ||kan||khan||lan|| || || ||pan||phan||san||tan||than||tsan||tshan
!an
|-
!ang
|ang||bang||gang||hang||||kang||khang||lang|| || || ||pang||phang||sang||tang||thang||tsang||tshang
!ang
|-
!ann
|ann|| || ||hann|| ||kann||khann|| || || || || ||phann||sann||tann||thann||tsann||tshann
!ann
|-
!annh
| || || ||hannh|| || || || || || || || || ||sannh|| || || ||
!annh
|-
!ap
|ap|| || ||hap|| ||kap||khap||lap|| || || || || ||sap||tap||thap||tsap||tshap
!ap
|-
!at
|at||bat|| ||hat|| ||kat||khat||lat|| || || ||pat|| ||sat||tat||that||tsat||tshat
!at
|-
!au
|au||bau||gau||hau|| ||kau||khau||lau||mau||nau||ngau||pau||phau||sau||tau||thau||tsau||tshau
!au
|-
!auh
| || || || || ||kauh|| ||lauh||mauh||nauh|| || ||phauh|| ||tauh|| || ||tshauh
!auh
|-
!e
|e||be||ge||he|| ||ke||khe||le||me||ne||nge||pe||phe||se||te||the||tse||tshe
!e
|-
!eh
|eh||beh|| ||heh|| ||keh||kheh||leh||meh||neh||ngeh||peh|| ||{{not a typo|seh}}||teh||{{not a typo|theh}}||tseh||tsheh
!eh
|-
!enn
|enn|| || ||henn|| ||kenn||khenn|| || || || ||penn||phenn||senn||tenn||thenn||tsenn||tshenn
!enn
|-
!ennh
| || || ||hennh|| || ||khennh|| || || || || || || || || || ||
!ennh
|-
!i
|i||bi||gi||hi||ji||ki||khi||li||mi||ni|| ||pi||phi||si||ti||thi||tsi||tshi
!i
|-
!ia
|ia|| ||gia||hia||jia||kia||khia|| ||mia||nia||ngia|| || ||sia||tia|| ||tsia||tshia
!ia
|-
!iah
|iah|| ||giah||hiah|| ||kiah||khiah||liah|| || || ||piah||phiah||siah||tiah||thiah||tsiah||tshiah
!iah
|-
!iak
| || || || || || ||khiak|| || || || ||piak||phiak||siak||tiak|| || ||tshiak
!iak
|-
!iam
|iam|| ||giam||hiam||jiam||kiam||khiam||liam|| || || || || ||siam||tiam||thiam||tsiam||tshiam
!iam
|-
!ian
|ian||bian||gian||hian||jian||kian||khian||lian|| || || ||pian||phian||sian||tian||thian||tsian||tshian
!ian
|-
!iang
|iang|| ||giang||hiang||jiang|| ||khiang||liang|| || || ||piang||phiang||siang|| || ||tsiang||tshiang
!iang
|-
!iann
|iann|| || ||hiann|| ||kiann|| || || || || ||piann|| ||siann||tiann||thiann||tsiann||tshiann
!iann
|-
!iannh
| || || ||hiannh|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
!iannh
|-
!iap
|iap|| ||giap||hiap||jiap||kiap||khiap||liap|| || || || || ||siap||tiap||thiap||tsiap||tshiap
!iap
|-
!iat
|iat||biat||giat||hiat||jiat||kiat||khiat||liat|| || || ||piat||phiat||siat||tiat||thiat||tsiat||tshiat
!iat
|-
!iau
|iau||biau||giau||hiau||jiau||kiau||khiau||liau||miau||niau||ngiau||piau||phiau||siau||tiau||thiau||tsiau||tshiau
!iau
|-
!iauh
| || || ||hiauh|| || ||khiauh|| || || ||ngiauh|| || || || || || ||
!iauh
|-
!iaunn
|iaunn|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
!iaunn 
|-
!ih
| ||bih|| || || || ||khih|| ||mih||nih|| ||pih||phih||sih||tih||thih||tsih||tshih
!ih
|-
!ik
|ik||bik||gik||hik|| ||kik|| ||lik|| || || ||pik||phik||sik||tik||thik||tsik||tshik
!ik
|-
!im
|im|| ||gim||him||jim||kim||khim ||lim|| || || || || ||sim||tim||thim||tsim||tshim
!im
|-
!in
|in||bin||gin||hin||jin||kin||khin||lin|| || || ||pin||phin||sin||tin||thin||tsin||tshin
!in
|-
!ing
|ing|| ||ging||hing|| ||king||khing||ling|| || || ||ping||phing||sing||ting||thing||tsing||tshing
!ing
|-
!inn
|inn|| || ||hinn|| ||kinn||khinn|| || || || || || ||sinn||tinn||thinn||tsinn||tshinn
!inn
|-
!io
|io||bio||gio||hio||jio||kio||khio||lio|| || || ||pio||phio||sio||tio||thio||tsio||tshio
!io
|-
!ioh
|ioh|| ||gioh||hioh|| ||kioh||khioh||lioh|| || || || || ||sioh||tioh|| ||tsioh||tshioh
!ioh
|-
!iok
|iok|| ||giok||hiok||jiok||kiok||khiok||liok|| || || || || ||siok||tiok||thiok||tsiok||tshiok
!iok
|-
!iong
|iong|| ||giong||hiong||jiong||kiong||khiong||liong|| || || || || ||siong||tiong||thiong||tsiong||tshiong
!iong
|-
!ip
|ip|| || ||hip||jip||kip||khip||lip|| || || || || ||sip|| || ||tsip||tship
!ip
|-
!it
|it||bit|| ||hit||jit||kit||khit|| || || || ||pit||phit||sit||tit|| ||tsit||tshit
!it
|-
!iu
|iu||biu||giu||hiu||jiu||kiu||khiu||liu|| ||niu|| ||piu|| ||siu||tiu||thiu||tsiu||tshiu
!iu
|-
!iunn
|iunn|| || ||hiunn|| ||kiunn||khiunn|| || || || || || ||siunn||tiunn|| ||tsiunn||tshiunn
!iunn
|-
!iunnh
|iunnh|| || ||hiunnh|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
!iunnh
|-
!m
|m|| || ||hm|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
!m
|-
!mh
| || || ||hmh|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
!mh
|-
!ng
|ng|| || ||hng|| ||kng||khng|| ||mng||nng|| ||png|| ||sng||tng||thng||tsng||tshng
!ng
|-
!ngh
| || || ||hngh|| || || || || || || || ||phngh||sngh|| || || ||tshngh
!ngh
|-
!o
|o||bo||go||ho|| ||ko||kho||lo|| || || ||po||pho||so||to||tho||tso||tsho
!o
|-
!oh
|oh|| || ||hoh|| ||koh|| ||loh|| || || ||poh||phoh||soh||toh||thoh||tsoh||tshoh
!oh
|-
!ok
|ok||bok||gok||hok|| ||kok||khok||lok|| || || ||pok||phok||sok||tok||thok||tsok||tshok
!ok
|-
!om
|om|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||som||tom|| || ||
!om
|-
!ong
|ong||bong||gong||hong|| ||kong||khong||long|| || || ||pong||phong||song||tong||thong||tsong||tshong
!ong
|-
!onn
|onn|| || ||honn|| ||konn|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
!onn
|-
!onnh
|onnh|| || ||honnh|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
!onnh
|-
!oo
|oo||boo||goo||hoo|| ||koo||khoo||loo||moo||noo||ngoo||poo||phoo||soo||too||thoo||tsoo||tshoo
!oo
|-
!ooh
| || || || || || || || ||mooh|| || || || || || || || ||
!ooh
|-
!u
|u||bu||gu||hu||ju||ku||khu||lu|| || || ||pu||phu||su||tu||thu||tsu||tshu
!u
|-
!ua
|ua||bua||gua||hua|| ||kua||khua||lua||mua||nua|| ||pua||phua||sua||tua||thua||tsua||tshua
!ua
|-
!uah
|uah||buah|| ||huah||juah||kuah||khuah||luah|| || || ||puah||phuah||suah|| ||thuah||tsuah||tshuah
!uah
|-
!uai
|uai|| || ||huai|| ||kuai||khuai|| || || || || || ||suai|| || || ||
!uai
|-
!uainn
|uainn|| || ||huainn|| ||kuainn|| || || || || || || ||suainn|| || ||tsuainn||
!uainn
|-
!uan
|uan||buan||guan||huan|| ||kuan||khuan||luan|| || || ||puan||phuan||suan||tuan||thuan||tsuan||tshuan
!uan
|-
!uang
|uang|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||tshuang
!uang
|-
!uann
|uann|| || ||huann|| ||kuann||khuann|| || || || ||puann||phuann||suann||tuann||thuann|| ||tshuann
!uann
|-
!uat
|uat||buat||guat||huat|| ||kuat||khuat||luat|| || || ||puat||phuat||suat||tuat||thuat||tsuat||
!uat
|-
!ue
|ue||bue||gue||hue||jue||kue||khue||lue|| || || ||pue||phue||sue||tue|| ||tsue||tshue
!ue
|-
!ueh
|ueh||bueh||gueh||hueh|| ||kueh||khueh|| || || || ||pueh||phueh||sueh|| || || ||
!ueh
|-
!uh
|uh|| || || || || ||khuh|| || || || ||puh||phuh|| ||tuh||thuh||tsuh||tshuh
!uh
|-
!ui
|ui||bui||gui||hui|| ||kui||khui||lui||mui|| || ||pui||phui||sui||tui||thui||tsui||tshui
!ui
|-
!un
|un||bun||gun||hun||jun||kun||khun||lun|| || || ||pun||phun||sun||tun||thun||tsun||tshun
!un
|-
!ut
|ut||but|| ||hut|| ||kut||khut||lut|| || || ||put||phut||sut||tut||thut||tsut||tshut
!ut
|-
! !!Ø!!b!!g!!h!!j!!k!!kh!!l!!m!!n!!ng!!p!!ph!!s!!t!!th!!ts!!tsh!!
|}
|}

==Computing==

=== Unicode codepoints ===
The following are tone characters and their respective Unicode codepoints used in Tâi-lô. The tones used by Tâi-lô should use [[Combining Diacritical Marks]] instead of [[Spacing Modifier Letters]] used by [[Social:Bopomofo|bopomofo]].<ref name="POJ">{{cite web |author1=aiongg |title=aiongg/POJFonts |url=https://github.com/aiongg/POJFonts |website=GitHub - POJ Fonts |accessdate=2020-12-02 |date=2020-11-22 |archive-date=2021-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412122044/https://github.com/aiongg/POJFonts |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="jf-POJ">{{cite web |author1=Tseng Gorong |title=談金萱的台羅變音符號設計 |url=https://blog.justfont.com/2019/01/jinxuan-taiwan-letters/ |website=justfont blog |accessdate=2020-12-02 |language=zh-TW |date=2019-01-11 |archive-date=2021-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412113558/https://blog.justfont.com/2019/01/jinxuan-taiwan-letters/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As Tâi-lô is not encoded in [[Big5]], the prevalent encoding used in Traditional Chinese, some Taiwanese Romanization System letters are not directly encoded in Unicode, instead should be typed using combining diacritical marks officially.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAQ - Characters and Combining Marks |url=http://unicode.org/faq/char_combmark.html#9 |website=unicode.org |accessdate=2020-12-02 |archive-date=2021-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412114907/http://unicode.org/faq/char_combmark.html#9 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Tâi-lô tone characters{{ref label|tailuopinyin-yellow|1}}
! colspan="2" |Base letter/Tone 1
!Tone 2
!Tone 3
!Tone 4
!Tone 5
!Tone 6
!Tone 7
!Tone 8
!Tone 9
|-
| colspan="2" |Combining mark
|́ (U+0301)
|̀ (U+0300)
|h
|̂ (U+0302)
|̌ (U+030C)
|̄ (U+0304)
|̍h (U+030D)
|̋ (U+030B)
|-
| rowspan="7" |Uppercase
|A
|Á (U+00C1)
|À (U+00C0)
|AH
|Â (U+00C2)
|Ǎ (U+01CD)
|Ā (U+0100)
| style="background: yellow;" |A̍H (U+0041 U+030D)
| style="background: yellow;" |A̋ (U+0041 U+030B)
|-
|E
|É (U+00C9)
|È (U+00C8)
|EH
|Ê (U+00CA)
|Ě (U+011A)
|Ē (U+0112)
| style="background: yellow;" |E̍H (U+0045 U+030D)
| style="background: yellow;" |E̋ (U+0045 U+030B)
|-
|I
|Í (U+00CD)
|Ì (U+00CC)
|IH
|Î (U+00CE)
|Ǐ (U+01CF)
|Ī (U+012A)
| style="background: yellow;" |I̍H (U+0049 U+030D)
| style="background: yellow;" |I̋ (U+0049 U+030B)
|-
|O
|Ó (U+00D3)
|Ò (U+00D2)
|OH
|Ô (U+00D4)
|Ǒ (U+01D1)
|Ō (U+014C)
| style="background: yellow;" |O̍H (U+004F U+030D)
|Ő (U+0150)
|-
|U
|Ú (U+00DA)
|Ù (U+00D9)
|UH
|Û (U+00DB)
|Ǔ (U+01D3)
|Ū (U+016A)
| style="background: yellow;" |U̍H (U+0055 U+030D)
|Ű (U+0170)
|-
|M
|Ḿ (U+1E3E)
| style="background: yellow;" |M̀ (U+004D U+0300)
|MH
| style="background: yellow;" |M̂ (U+004D U+0302)
| style="background: yellow;" |M̌ (U+004D U+030C)
| style="background: yellow;" |M̄ (U+004D U+0304)
| style="background: yellow;" |M̍H (U+004D U+030D)
| style="background: yellow;" |M̋ (U+004D U+030B)
|-
|N
|Ń (U+0143)
|Ǹ (U+01F8)
|NH
| style="background: yellow;" |N̂ (U+004E U+0302)
|Ň (U+0147)
| style="background: yellow;" |N̄ (U+004E U+0304)
| style="background: yellow;" |N̍H (U+004E U+030D)
| style="background: yellow;" |N̋ (U+004E U+030B)
|-
| rowspan="7" |Lowercase
|a
|á (U+00E1)
|à (U+00E0)
|ah
|â (U+00E2)
|ǎ (U+01CE)
|ā (U+0101)
| style="background: yellow;" |a̍h (U+0061 U+030D)
| style="background: yellow;" |a̋ (U+0061 U+030B)
|-
|e
|é (U+00E9)
|è (U+00E8)
|eh
|ê (U+00EA)
|ě (U+011B)
|ē (U+0113)
| style="background: yellow;" |e̍h (U+0065 U+030D)
| style="background: yellow;" |e̋ (U+0065 U+030B)
|-
|i
|í (U+00ED)
|ì (U+00EC)
|ih
|î (U+00EE)
|ǐ (U+01D0)
|ī (U+012B)
| style="background: yellow;" |i̍h (U+0069 U+030D)
| style="background: yellow;" |i̋ (U+0069 U+030B)
|-
|o
|ó (U+00F3)
|ò (U+00F2)
|oh
|ô (U+00F4)
|ǒ (U+01D2)
|ō (U+014D)
| style="background: yellow;" |o̍h (U+006F U+030D)
|ő (U+0151)
|-
|u
|ú (U+00FA)
|ù (U+00F9)
|uh
|û (U+00FB)
|ǔ (U+01D4)
|ū (U+016B)
| style="background: yellow;" |u̍h (U+0075 U+030D)
|ű (U+0171)
|-
|m
|ḿ (U+1E3F)
| style="background: yellow;" |m̀ (U+006D U+0300)
|mh
| style="background: yellow;" |m̂ (U+006D U+0302)
| style="background: yellow;" |m̌ (U+006D U+030C)
| style="background: yellow;" |m̄ (U+006D U+0304)
| style="background: yellow;" |m̍h (U+006D U+030D)
| style="background: yellow;" |m̋ (U+006D U+030B)
|-
|n
|ń (U+0144)
|ǹ (U+01F9)
|nh
| style="background: yellow;" |n̂ (U+006E U+0302)
|ň (U+0148)
| style="background: yellow;" |n̄ (U+006E U+0304)
| style="background: yellow;" |n̍h (U+006E U+030D)
| style="background: yellow;" |n̋ (U+006E U+030B)
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left" |'''Notes'''
:1.{{note|tailuopinyin-yellow}} <span style="background: yellow;">Yellow cells</span> indicate that there are no single Unicode character for that letter; the character shown here uses Combining Diacritical Mark characters to display the letter.<ref name="jf-POJ" />
|}
Characters not directly encoded in Unicode requires premade glyphs in fonts in order for applications to correctly display the characters.<ref name="jf-POJ" />

=== Font support ===
Fonts that currently support POJ includes:

* [[Charis SIL]]
* DejaVu
* [[Doulos SIL]]
* [[Linux Libertine]]
* Taigi Unicode
* [[Source Sans Pro]]<ref name="Iunn20">{{harvp|Iûⁿ|2009|p=24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010-09-06 |title=Fonts version 3.006 (OTF, TTF, WOFF, WOFF2, Variable) |url=https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-sans-pro/releases/tag/3.006R |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224180351/https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-sans-pro/releases/tag/3.006R |archive-date=2020-12-24 |accessdate=2010-09-06 |website=GitHub |publisher=Adobe Systems Incorporated}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Iûⁿ |first=Ún-giân |date=2009 |title=Processing Techniques for Written Taiwanese – Tone Sandhi and POS Tagging |type=PhD |publisher=National Taiwan University |oclc=367595113 |page=20}}</ref>
* [https://github.com/ichitenfont/I.Ming I.Ming] (8.00 onwards) from [https://github.com/ichitenfont Ichiten Font Project]
* Fonts made by justfont foundry<ref name="jf-POJ" />
* Fonts modified and release in GitHub repository [https://github.com/aiongg/POJFonts POJFonts] : POJ Phiaute, Gochi Hand POJ, Nunito POJ, POJ Vibes, and POJ Garamond.
* Fonts modified and released by But Ko based on [[Source Han Sans]]: [https://github.com/buttaiwan/genyog-font Genyog], [https://github.com/ButTaiwan/genseki-font Genseki], [https://github.com/ButTaiwan/gensen-font Gensen] ; based on [[Source Han Serif]]: [https://github.com/buttaiwan/genyo-font Genyo], [https://github.com/ButTaiwan/genwan-font Genwan], [https://github.com/ButTaiwan/genryu-font Genryu].

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

=== Words in native languages ===
{{Notelist-ur}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ntcu.edu.tw/tailo/ {{lang|zh-Hant|臺灣閩南語羅馬拼音及其發音學習網}}] {{in lang|zh}}, Taiwanese Romanization System (Tai-lo) learning site by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan

[[Category:Romanization of Hokkien]]

{{Sourceattribution|Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn}}