View source for Social:Totozoquean languages

{{short description|Proposed language family of eastern Mexico}}
{{Infobox language family
  |name=Totozoquean
  |acceptance=proposed
  |region=Mexico
  |familycolor=American
  |family=Proposed [[Social:Language family|language family]]; perhaps related to Huavean
  |child1=[[Social:Totonacan languages|Totonac–Tepehua]]
  |child2=[[Social:Mixe–Zoque languages|Mixe–Zoque]]
  |child3=''Chitimacha'' ?
  |glotto=none
  |map= Totozoquean languages.png
  |mapcaption= 
}}

'''Totozoquean''' is a proposed [[Social:Language family|language family]] of [[Place:Mesoamerica|Mesoamerica]], originally consisting of two well-established genetic groupings, [[Social:Totonacan languages|Totonacan]] and [[Social:Mixe–Zoque languages|Mixe–Zoque]]. The erstwhile isolate Chitimacha was later proposed to be a member. The closest relatives of Totozoquean may be the Huavean languages.<ref>Brown, Cecil H., Wichmann, Søren, & Beck, David. 2014. Chitimacha: A Mesoamerican language in the Lower Mississippi Valley. International Journal of American Linguistics 80(4): 425&ndash;474.</ref>

==Correspondences==
Comparative proto-Totozoquean reconstructions are proposed in Brown et al. (2011) for simple consonants and vowels. The consonant-inventory for proto-Totozoquean is similar to that reconstructed for proto-Totonacan (Arana Osnaya 1953), and the vowels are not unlike those proposed for proto-Mixe–Zoquean (Wichmann 1995). A parallel set of laryngealized but otherwise identical proto-Totozoquean vowels is reconstructed for proto-Totozoquean to account for the distribution of laryngealized vowels in the Totonac branch of the Totonacan family, though these left no known trace in proto-Mixe–Zoquean (Wichmann 1995) and there may be a more economical explanation. Vowel length is likewise an independent parameter reconstructed for proto-Totozoquean that does not seem to affect the correspondences, but in this case it is a feature inherited by both families.

Some Totozoquean lexical correspondences have also been proposed by Davletshin (2016).<ref>Давлетшин А.И. [https://starling.rinet.ru/confer/Davletshin-2016.pdf Гипотеза дальнего родства тепеуа-тотонакских, юто-астекских и михе-соке языков]. XI традиционные чтения памяти С. А. Старостина, РГГУ, 24-25 марта 2016 г. {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

===Vowels===
Proto-Totozoquean (pTZ) is reconstructed with seven vowel qualities, all of which occur with long, laryngealized, and long laryngealized homologues. These reduce to a three-vowel system in proto-Totonacan (pT); length and laryngealization is retained. Proto-Mixe–Zoque (pMZ) loses laryngealization and neutralizes **ɨ~ə and **ɔ~o.

{|class="IPA wikitable"
|-
!pTZ!!&nbsp;pT&nbsp;!!pMZ
|-
|**i||rowspan=3|*i||*i
|-
|**e||*e
|-
|**ɨ||rowspan=2|*ə
|-
|**ə||rowspan=3|*a
|-
|**a||*a
|-
|**ɔ||rowspan=2|*o
|-
|**o||rowspan=2|*u
|-
|**u||*u
|}

===Consonants===
Of the three consonants which do not appear in either daughter, **ty and **ny are poorly attested, whereas **ky is robust. Proto-Mixe–Zoque loses the laterals and gutturals, and neutralizes the alveolar–palato-alveolar distinction. Proto-Totonocan loses glottal stop and **y.

{|
|-valign=top
|
{|class="IPA wikitable"
|-
!pTZ!!&nbsp;pT&nbsp;!!pMZ
|-
|**n||*n||rowspan=2|*n
|-
|**ny||rowspan=2|*l
|-
|**l||rowspan=4|*y
|-
|**ɬ||*ɬ
|-
|**ƛ||*ƛ
|-
|**y||rowspan=2|*t
|-
|**t||rowspan=2|*t
|-
|**ty||rowspan=2|*č
|-
|**č||rowspan=2|*¢
|-
|**¢||*¢
|-
|**š||*š||rowspan=2|*s
|-
|**s||*s
|}
|
{|class="IPA wikitable"
|-
!pTZ!!&nbsp;pT&nbsp;!!pMZ
|-
|**p||*p||*p
|-
|**m||*m||*m
|-
|**w||*w||*w
|-
|**ky||*k||rowspan=2|*k
|-
|**k||rowspan=2|*q
|-
|**q||rowspan=2|*ʔ
|-
|**ʔ||rowspan=2|*∅
|-
|**h||rowspan=3|*h
|-
|**#h||*h
|-
|**x||*x
|}
|}

==See also==
*Macro-Mayan

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{aut|Arana Osnaya, E.}} 1953. Reconstrucción del protototonaco: Huastecos, totonacos y sus vecinos, ed. Ignacio Bernal. Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropológicos 23:123–30.
* {{aut|Brown, Cecil H.}}, {{aut|David Beck}}, {{aut|Grzegorz Kondrak}}, {{aut|James K. Watters}}, and {{aut|[[Biography:Søren Wichmann|Søren Wichmann]]}} (2011). ''Totozoquean''. International Journal of American Linguistics 77, 323&ndash;372.
* {{aut|Brown, Cecil H.}}, {{aut|David Beck}}, {{aut|Grzegorz Kondrak}}, {{aut|James K. Watters}}, and {{aut|[[Biography:Søren Wichmann|Søren Wichmann]]}} (2011) "Linking proto-Totonacan and proto-Mixe–Zoquean"[https://www.ualberta.ca/~dbeck/TzEILNXI.pdf]
* {{aut|[[Biography:Søren Wichmann|Søren Wichmann]]|Wichmann, Søren}} (1995). The Relationship among the Mixe-Zoquean Languages of Mexico. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
{{refend}}

{{Mesoamerican families}}
{{Language families}}


[[Category:Proposed language families]]

{{Sourceattribution|Totozoquean languages}}