View source for Social:West Bomberai languages

{{see also|Bomberai languages (disambiguation){{!}}Bomberai languages}}
{{Infobox language family
|name=West Bomberai
|altname=
|region=West New Guinea, East Timor
|familycolor=Papuan
|fam1=[[Social:Trans–New Guinea languages|Trans–New Guinea]]
|fam2=Berau Gulf
|child1=''[[Social:Karas language|Karas]]''
|child2=Mbahaam–Iha
|child3=[[Social:Timor–Alor–Pantar languages|Timor–Alor–Pantar]]
|map=West Bomberai languages.svg
|mapcaption=Map:  The West Bomberai languages of New Guinea
{{legend|#FF5E5F|The West Bomberai languages}}
{{legend|#7BB5B6|Other Trans–New Guinea languages}}
{{legend|#D9D9D9|Other Papuan languages}}
{{legend|#E09D00|Austronesian languages}}
{{legend|white|Uninhabited}}
|glotto=west2604
|glottoname=mainland West Bomberai
|glottorefname=West Bomberai
|glotto2=timo1261
|glottoname2=Timor–Alor–Pantar
}}

The '''West Bomberai languages''' are a family of Papuan languages spoken on the Bomberai Peninsula of western New Guinea and in East Timor and neighboring islands of Indonesia. 

==Languages==
Two of the languages of the mainland, Baham and Iha, are closely related to each other; the third is distant, forming a third branch of the family along with the [[Social:Timor–Alor–Pantar languages|Timor–Alor–Pantar languages]]:<ref>[https://sites.google.com/site/newguineaworld/families/trans-new-guinea/berau-gulf/west-bomberai New Guinea World, West Bomberai]</ref>
 
* [[Social:Karas language|Karas]] isolate
* Mbahaam–Iha: Baham (Mbaham), Iha
*? [[Social:Timor–Alor–Pantar languages|Timor–Alor–Pantar]]

Ross (2005) classified Timor–Alor–Pantar with the mainland West Bomberai languages, although this connection is not universally accepted. Usher found that the Timor–Alor–Pantar languages resides within the West Bomberai languages, and is not just their closest relative.  This suggests that Timor–Alor–Pantar may have been the result of a relatively recent migration from New Guinea, perhaps arriving in the Timor area shortly before the [[Social:Austronesian languages|Austronesian languages]] did.

==Classification==
Ross (2005) classifies Timor–Alor–Pantar with the West Bomberai languages, the two groups forming a branch within West Trans–New Guinea. Based on a careful examination of new lexical data, Holton & Robinson (2014) find little evidence to support a connection between TAP and TNG.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Holton|last2=Robinson|first1=Gary|first2=Laura C.|date=2014|editor-first=Marian|editor-last=Klamer|contribution=The linguistic position of the Timor-Alor-Pantar languages|pages=155–198|publisher=Language Sciences Press|location=Berlin|title=Alor Pantar languages: History and Typology|doi=10.17169/langsci.b22.48}}</ref> However, Holton & Robinson (2017) concedes that a relationship with Trans-New Guinea and West Bomberai in particular is the most likely hypothesis, though they prefer to leave it unclassified for now.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Holton|last2=Robinson|first1=Gary|first2=Laura C.|date=2017|editor-first=Marian|editor-last=Klamer|contribution=The linguistic position of the Timor-Alor-Pantar languages|pages=147–190|publisher=Language Sciences Press|location=Berlin|title=Alor Pantar languages: History and Typology Second Edition|doi=10.5281/zenodo.437098}}</ref>

==Pronouns==
Ross (2005) reconstructs the pronouns of the mainland languages as *na 1sg, *ka 2sg, *bi(r) 1ex, *in 1in, *ki 2pl, of which 1sg, 2sg, and 2pl correspond to proto-Trans–New Guinea.


:{| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Proto-Mbahaam–Iha
|-
| enemy / evil || *[a]kʷorou
|-
| wood / tree || *atokʷ
|-
| nut || *[i]kʷijaren
|-
| needle || *ind[o/u]p
|-
| cook || *[i]piek
|-
| fruit / seed || *is
|-
| dog || *jambar
|-
| wave(s) || *jembar
|-
| light (weight) || *jeroŋg
|-
| flat land / dry land / wide || *joun
|-
| slave || *kajam
|-
| cook / cooked || *kajir
|-
| torch || *kajiwor
|-
| yawn || *kamar
|-
| sun || *kaminV
|-
| war || *kambir
|-
| head || *kanda
|-
| sharp || *kaŋgap
|-
| grass || *kaŋgʷam
|-
| moon || *kapas
|-
| sneeze || *kapasi
|-
| vagina || *kar
|-
| yam (sp.) || *karepot
|-
| face || *kemeir
|-
| sweet || *kemeŋ
|-
| see / sense || *ken[a / e][t]
|-
| know || *kende
|-
| eye || *kendjep
|-
| water / river || *kira
|-
| star / firefly || *kis-kis[a]
|-
| hear / listen || *komen
|-
| grub || *kos[um]
|-
| father's older sister || *kowar[a/o]p
|-
| snake || *kowus
|-
| sweat || *kuturuk
|-
| pig || *kundur
|-
| ten || *kʷara
|-
| carry || *kʷarok
|-
| foot / leg / claw || *kʷeji[t/s]
|-
| raw / unripe / young || *kʷen
|-
| nest || *kʷ[e]r[e/i]
|-
| village || *kʷies
|-
| ear || *kʷier
|-
| boil (n.) || *kʷirembus
|-
| good || *kʷosi
|-
| voice / language || *mak
|-
| child || *mandja
|-
| ginger || *maŋ
|-
| louse || *mein
|-
| inside || *mejer[e]
|-
| spider web || *[me]ŋgaŋgam
|-
| neck / throat || *mesek
|-
| sit || *mesen
|-
| mouth || *[mi]sin
|-
| banana || *moŋgʷo
|-
| sow || *mos
|-
| chin || *munduk ~ *ndumuk
|-
| flying fox || *mbajer
|-
| thick || *mbaŋgor
|-
| star / firefly || *mbap
|-
| sugarcane || *mbes
|-
| white || *mbiwoŋg
|-
| yellow || *mbuk
|-
| younger sibling || *naka
|-
| man / male || *nami
|-
| older sister || *nan
|-
| stand || *nander
|-
| guest / friend || *nareit
|-
| eat || *n[a/o]wa
|-
| older brother || *nen
|-
| name || *nie
|-
| stairs / ladder || *nieŋ
|-
| hide || *niŋgis[i]
|-
| loft / ceiling || *ndaram
|-
| sea snail || *ndoman
|-
| shoot (n.) || *ndum
|-
| sleepy / nod off || *ndura
|-
| thatch || *ŋgambur[a]
|-
| land snail || *ŋgawarambuk
|-
| weave || *ŋgeit
|-
| tongue || *ŋgeŋgap
|-
| swollen || *ŋgombor
|-
| raft / vessel || *ŋguwas
|-
| snore || *ŋgʷor[o/u]s
|-
| bee || *ŋgʷ[o/u]n[a]
|-
| one || *[o]kʷo[no]
|-
| skin / bark / covering || *pak
|-
| ask || *pande[s]
|-
| say / speak || *pare
|-
| fly (v.) || *par[o/u]
|-
| earwax || *pek
|-
| fish trap || *per
|-
| diarrhea || *peres
|-
| stingray || *pot
|-
| wash || *pouk
|-
| ashes || *poun
|-
| root || *pur
|-
| palm / sole || *pVram
|-
| smile || *pVri
|-
| burp / belch || *pVrus
|-
| drink || *r[o/u]s
|-
| cockroach || *saŋgʷon
|-
| old / worn out || *sap[ij]ok
|-
| thin / flat || *seke[t]
|-
| sand || *semeŋg
|-
| black || *senek
|-
| hot / warm || *sɛp
|-
| be ill / sick || *serere
|-
| hoarse || *sejiŋ
|-
| fish || *sejir
|-
| open || *seŋgiek
|-
| earth / world || *sirijet
|-
| ground / below || *s[iw]or
|-
| younger / youngest child || *sombi[t]
|-
| breast || *son
|-
| heavy || *taŋgier
|-
| fence / teeth || *tap
|-
| pointed || *tep
|-
| cluster / bunch || *[te]rem
|-
| thigh || *t[iw]on
|-
| bone || *tokar
|-
| elbow / wrist / knee || *toŋgʷon
|-
| spit || *top
|-
| hit || *tos
|-
| sit with legs to the side || *totom
|-
| woman / female || *t[o/u]mb[o/u]r
|-
| ridgepole / roof || *tumbis
|-
| five || *tumbu
|-
| bay || *watjar
|-
| stone || *war
|-
| bite || *warik
|-
| two || *[wa]rik
|-
| earthquake || *weŋg-weŋg
|-
| go || *wes
|-
| blood || *wiek
|-
| tree || *w[i]r[a]
|-
| sky || *woŋg
|-
| tail || *wor
|-
| breath / breathe || *wosou
|-
| clan / relatives || *wotour
|-
| egg || *wun
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Language families]]

{{Sourceattribution|West Bomberai languages|1}}