View source for Social:Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)

{{Short description|Ongoing civil war in the country of Yemen}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Yemeni Civil War
| partof            = the Yemeni Crisis, Arab Winter, War on terror, and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
| image             = Yemeni Civil War.svg
| width             = 480px
| image_size        = 300px
| caption           = Military situation in Yemen in April 2021
<div style="text-align: left;">{{legend|#cae7c4|Controlled by the Supreme Political Council (Houthis)}}
{{legend|#f98787|Controlled by the Hadi-led government and allies}}
{{legend|#e3d975|Controlled by Southern Transitional Council}}
{{legend|#b4b2ae|Controlled by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Yemen Province (ISIL-YP)}}
{{Legend|#afc6e9|lang=en|Controlled by local, non-aligned forces like the Hadhramaut Tribal Alliance.}}
{{legend|#ffffff|Controlled by Ansar al-Sharia and Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)}}
(For a map of the military situation in Yemen and border areas in Saudi Arabia, see the detailed map here.)</div>
| date              = 16 September 2014 – ''present''<br/>{{small|({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=09|day1=16|year1=2014}})}}
| place             = Yemen, southern Saudi Arabia (spillovers)
| territory         = As of 28 April 2020, Houthis control all of North Yemen except for Marib Governorate.<ref name=95Jawf/><ref name=key/>
| result            = 
| status            = Ongoing
* Houthis take control of Yemen's capital city, [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]]
* Saudi-led coalition forces intervene in Yemen to restore the Hadi-led government
* Former President Ali Abdullah Saleh is killed
* Continued clashes between Southern Transitional Council and Hadi-led government
| combatants_header = Main belligerents
| combatant1        = '''{{flagdeco|Yemen}} Supreme Political Council'''
* {{flag|Houthi movement}}
* {{flagicon image|Yemeni Armed Forces Emblem.svg}} Pro-Saleh forces (until 2017)
* Pro-Houthi Popular Committees<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/yemens-military-tribal-army-warlords-19919 |title=Yemen's Military: From the Tribal Army to the Warlords |author=Eleonora Ardemagni |publisher=IPSI |date=19 March 2018 |access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|General People's Congress flag.svg}} Sanaa-GPC forces<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/when-leader-dies-how-yemen-gpc-fell-apart-after-murder-saleh-tareq-saudi-uae-aden-sanaa-1966816018 |title=Death of a leader: Where next for Yemen's GPC after murder of Saleh? |work=Middle East Eye |date=23 January 2018 |access-date=31 May 2018}}</ref>
{{Collapsible list
|title='''Alleged support:'''
|1={{flag|Iran}}<ref name=IranInfo/><br /> 
|2={{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} Hezbollah<ref name=Hezbollah/>
|3={{flag|Iraq}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marebpress.net/news_details.php?sid=109003|title=الحكومة العراقية تعد معسكرات لتدريب الحوثيين|first=مأرب برس-الحكومة العراقية تعد معسكرات لتدريب|last=الحوثيين|website=مأرب برس|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
|4={{flag|North Korea}}<ref name="Korea">{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/samuel-ramani/north-koreas-balancing-ac_b_7995688.html|date=17 August 2015|access-date=17 August 2015|title=North Korea's Balancing Act in the Persian Gulf|work=The Huffington Post|quote="North Korea's military support for Houthi rebels in Yemen is the latest manifestation of its support for anti-American forces."|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817222418/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/samuel-ramani/north-koreas-balancing-ac_b_7995688.html|archive-date=17 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nknews.org/2019/09/the-september-14-drone-attack-on-saudi-oil-fields-north-koreas-potential-role/ |title=The September 14 drone attack on Saudi oil fields: North Korea's potential role &#124; NK News |date=30 September 2019 |access-date=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011033136/https://www.nknews.org/2019/09/the-september-14-drone-attack-on-saudi-oil-fields-north-koreas-potential-role/ |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="North Korean weapons aid"/><ref name="North Korean weapons aid 2">{{cite news|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/08/04/Secret-UN-report-reveals-North-Korea-weapons-sale-attempts-to-Yemen-s-Houthis.html|date=4 August 2018|access-date=4 August 2018|title=Secret UN report reveals North Korea attempts to supply Houthis with weapons|agency=Al-Arabiya|quote="The report said that experts were investigating efforts by the North Korean Ministry of Military Equipment and Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (KOMID) to supply conventional arms and ballistic missiles to Yemen's Houthi group."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nknews.org/pro/panel-investigates-north-korean-weapon-used-in-mogadishu-attack-on-un-compound/|title=Panel investigates North Korean weapon used in Mogadishu attack on UN compound|date=3 March 2021|website=NK PRO}}</ref>
|5={{flagdeco|Syria}} [[Place:Syria|Syria]]n mercenaries<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/iran-boosting-yemeni-houthis-with-syrian-fighters-local-sources/2233092|title=Iran boosting Yemeni Houthis with Syrian fighters: Local sources|first1=Mohamad|last1=Misto|first2=Ethem|last2=Emre Özcan|website=Anadolu Agency|access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref>
}}
| combatant2        = {{nowrap|'''{{flagdeco|Yemen}} Cabinet of Yemen'''}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Yemen Armed Forces.svg}} Pro-Hadi Security forces
* Yemen National Army (YNA)
* Al-Islah
* Popular Resistance Committees<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/my-enemy-s-enemy-is-my-ally-how-al-qaeda-fighters-are-backed-yemen-government-houthi-saudi-popular-resistance-1047546687|title=My enemy's enemy is my ally: How al-Qaeda fighters are backed by Yemen's government|access-date=2017-11-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113113031/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/my-enemy-s-enemy-is-my-ally-how-al-qaeda-fighters-are-backed-yemen-government-houthi-saudi-popular-resistance-1047546687|archive-date=13 November 2017}}</ref>
* Popular Committees
* Strategic Reserve (pro-Hadi-Saleh forces)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/hadi-counts-on-saleh-kin-to-revive-elite-forces-1.2193444 |title=Hadi counts on Saleh kin to revive elite forces |work=Gulf News |date=23 March 2018 |access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="reshuffle Saleh">{{cite news|url=https://thearabweekly.com/military-reshuffle-yemen-aimed-tackling-saleh-family |title=Military reshuffle in Yemen aimed at tackling Saleh family |work=The Arab Weekly |date=25 February 2018 |access-date=31 May 2018}}</ref><ref name=AhmedSaleh>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security/exiled-son-of-yemens-saleh-takes-up-anti-houthi-cause-idUSKBN1DY12V|title=Exiled son of Yemen's Saleh takes up anti-Houthi cause|date=4 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017|work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/believed-dead-ex-presidents-nephew-shows-up-in-yemen/1028688|title=Believed dead, ex-president's nephew shows up in Yemen|access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1110886/republican-guard-chooses-liberate-yemen-houthis |title=Republican Guard Chooses to Liberate Yemen from Houthis |work= Asharq al-Awsat |date=12 December 2017 |access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref>
{{Collapsible list
|title='''Saudi-led coalition'''
|1={{flag|Saudi Arabia}}<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|agency=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/26/world/middleeast/al-anad-air-base-houthis-yemen.html|title=Saudi Arabia Begins Air Assault in Yemen|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326000753/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/26/world/middleeast/al-anad-air-base-houthis-yemen.html|archive-date=26 March 2015}}<br/>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/yemens-houthi-militants-take-al-anad-air-base-1427275251?mod=e2tw|title=Saudi Arabia Launches Military Operations in Yemen|author=Felicia Schwartz, Hakim Almasmari and Asa Fitch|date=26 March 2015|work={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}}}}</ref><br/>
|2={{flag|United Arab Emirates}}{{nowrap|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.intelligenceonline.com/grey-areas/2017/03/08/abu-dhabi-gets-tough-with-yemen-s-pro-coalition-loyalists,108225000-ART|title=UNITED ARAB EMIRATES/YEMEN: Abu Dhabi gets tough with Yemen's pro-Coalition loyalists – Issue 778 dated 08/03/2017|publisher=Intelligence Online|date=8 March 2017|access-date=2017-07-14}}<br/>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20170307-uae-to-saudi-abandon-yemens-hadi-or-we-will-withdraw-our-troops/|title=UAE to Saudi: Abandon Yemen's Hadi or we will withdraw our troops – Middle East Monitor|website=Middle East Monitor|date=2017-03-07|access-date=2017-07-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731164144/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20170307-uae-to-saudi-abandon-yemens-hadi-or-we-will-withdraw-our-troops/|archive-date=31 July 2017}}<br/>{{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/exclusive-yemeni-president-says-emiratis-acting-occupiers-1965874493|title=EXCLUSIVE: Yemen president says UAE acting like occupiers|publisher=Middle East Eye|date=2017-05-03|access-date=2017-07-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703011246/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/exclusive-yemeni-president-says-emiratis-acting-occupiers-1965874493|archive-date=3 July 2017}}</ref>}}<br/>
|3={{flag|Senegal}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504|work=Reuters|title=Senegal to send 2,100 troops to join Saudi-led alliance|date=4 May 2015|access-date=4 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003911/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/04/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504|archive-date=5 May 2015}}</ref><br/>
|4={{flag|Sudan}}<ref name="offensive"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Yemen conflict: Saudi-led strike 'hits wrong troops'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-34563528 |access-date=18 October 2015|quote=Hundreds of Sudanese troops reportedly arrived in the southern port city of Aden on Saturday, the first batch of an expected 10,000 reinforcements for the Saudi-led coalition.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018095840/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-34563528 |archive-date=18 October 2015|work=BBC News |date=17 October 2015 }}</ref>
{{nowrap|(2015–19)}}<ref>{{Cite news|work={{wipe|Reuters}}|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sudan-politics-idUSKBN1YC0H4|date=24 August 2019 |title=Sudan recalls majority of troops from Yemen war}}</ref><br/>
|5={{flag|Morocco}}<ref name="gulfnews.com">[http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/morocco-sends-ground-troops-to-fight-in-yemen-1.1631786 "Morocco sends ground troops to fight in Yemen"]. ''Gulf News''.</ref> {{nowrap|(2015–19)}}<ref>{{Cite news|work={{wipe|Reuters}}|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-morocco-saudi-diplomacy/morocco-recalls-envoy-to-saudi-arabia-for-consultations-morocco-media-idUSKCN1PX17T|date=8 February 2019|title=Morocco recalls envoy to Saudi Arabia as diplomatic tensions rise}}</ref><br/>
|6={{flag|Qatar}}<ref name="offensive"/> {{nowrap|(2015–17)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2017/06/05/uae-egypt-saudi-cut-ties-qatar |agency=SBS|title=UAE, Egypt and Saudi Arabia cut ties with Qatar|date=5 June 2017|access-date=5 June 2017}}</ref>}}<br/>
{{flagicon image|Academi - Logo.svg}}Academi security contractors<br>(2015–16)<ref name="arwa1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/laura-carlsen/mercenaries-in-yementhe-u_b_8704212.html|title=Mercenaries in Yemen—the U.S. Connection|first=Laura|last=Carlsen|date=3 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://yemen-rw.org/almost-100-sudanese-mercenaries-killed-by-yemen-defence/|title=Almost 100 Sudanese mercenaries killed by Yemen defence – Yemen Resistance Watch|website=yemen-rw.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://alwaght.com/en/News/129347/UAE-Outsourcing-Yemen-Aggression-from-Ugandan-Mercenaries-Report|title=UAE Outsourcing Yemen Aggression from Ugandan Mercenaries: Report|date=16 April 2018}}</ref>
}}

{{Collapsible list
|title='''Under 1,000 troops:'''
|1={{flag|Bahrain}}<ref name="offensive">{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/saudi-arabia-has-150000-troops-for-yemen-operation-report/article23628188/|agency=the globe and mail|title=Egypt, Jordan, Sudan and Pakistan ready for ground offensive in Yemen: report|date=26 March 2015|access-date=26 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326221558/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/saudi-arabia-has-150000-troops-for-yemen-operation-report/article23628188/|archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref>
|2={{flag|Egypt}}<ref name="offensive"/>
|4={{flag|Jordan}}<ref name="offensive"/>
|5={{flagicon|France}} {{wipe|France}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2018/06/16/french-troops-fighting-houthis-in-yemen-alongside-uae-forces-le-figaro-claims|title=French troops fighting Houthis in Yemen alongside UAE forces, Le Figaro claims|newspaper=Daily Sabah|date=16 June 2018 |access-date=17 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.albawaba.com/news/french-elite-forces-saudi-led-coalition-cooperate-fight-houthi-yemen-1146354|title=French Elite Forces, Saudi-led Coalition Cooperate to Fight Houthi in Yemen|publisher=Albawaba|date=17 June 2018|access-date=17 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-france/french-special-forces-on-the-ground-in-yemen-le-figaro-idUSKBN1JC099|title=French special forces on the ground in Yemen: Le Figaro|work={{wipe|Reuters}}|date=16 June 2018|access-date=17 June 2018}}</ref><br/>
|6={{flag|Mauritania}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://northafricapost.com/9559-mauritania-to-send-ground-boots-to-yemen-military-source.html|title=Mauritania to send ground boots to Yemen, military source|website=www.northafricapost.com|access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Collapsible list
|title='''Support:'''
|1={{flag|United States}}
|2={{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=UK military 'working alongside' Saudi bomb targeters in Yemen war|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/12102089/UK-military-working-alongside-Saudi-bomb-targeters-in-Yemen-war.html|access-date=14 April 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=2015-01-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115171435/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/12102089/UK-military-working-alongside-Saudi-bomb-targeters-in-Yemen-war.html|archive-date=15 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news|title=Senegal to support Yemen campaign|work=BBC News|date=5 May 2015|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32586230|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508003343/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32586230|archive-date=8 May 2015|url-status=live|quote=The coalition includes eight Arab states. The US, the UK and France are providing logistical support.}}</ref>
|4={{flag|NATO}}
|5={{flag|France}}<ref name="BBC"/>
|6={{flag|Italy}}
|7={{flag|Spain}}
|9={{flag|Somalia}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wargeyska.so/somalia-somalia-finally-pledges-support-to-suadi-led-coalition-in-yemen-raxanreeb-online/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 August 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150407194428/http://www.wargeyska.so/somalia-somalia-finally-pledges-support-to-suadi-led-coalition-in-yemen-raxanreeb-online/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|10={{flag|Kuwait}}<ref name="offensive"/>
|11={{flag|Pakistan}}<ref name="offensive"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/149730/yemen-means-pakistan/|title=Yemen — and what it means for Pakistan - Daily Times|date=30 November 2017|website=dailytimes.com.pk|access-date=9 February 2018}}</ref>
|12={{flagicon image|Flag of Hamas.svg}} Hamas<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hamas supports military operation for political legitimacy in Yemen |first1=https://www.arabnews.com/saudi-arabia/news/725241 |title=Hamas supports military operation for political legitimacy in Yemen |date=29 March 2015}}</ref>
}}
{{Collapsible list
|title='''Alleged support:'''
|1={{flag|Turkey}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.turkiyegazetesi.com.tr/gundem/250295.aspx|title=Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Husi terörüne karşı Yemen'e destek verdi|website=turkiyegazetesi.com.tr|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>{{nowrap|(since 2021)}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.ypagency.net/213776/|title=Ankara transfers Syrian, Turkish mercenaries to Yemen|website=ypagency.net|date=14 March 2021|access-date=15 March 2021}}</ref>
|2={{flag|Eritrea}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/horn-africa-states-follow-gulf-yemen-war|title=Horn of Africa States Follow Gulf into the Yemen War|date=25 January 2016|website=Crisis Group}}</ref>
|3={{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Mujahedin of Iran.svg|size=22px}} [[Religion:People's Mujahedin of Iran|People's Mujahedin of Iran]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://iranintl.com/en/world/ncri-claims-have-intelligence-detailing-iran%E2%80%99s-attack-saudi-arabia |title = NCRI Claims to Have Intelligence Detailing Iran's Attack on Saudi Arabia|date = 30 September 2019}}</ref>
}}
----
'''[[File:Flag of South Yemen.svg|22px|border]] Southern Movement<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ar&u=http://www.almshhadalyemeni.net/78572/&prev=search|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.com}}</ref><ref name="Brothers no">{{cite news|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/uae-yemen-islah-aden-959249443 |title=Brothers no more: Yemen's Islah party faces collapse of Aden alliances |work=Middle East Eye |date=21 October 2017 |access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref>
* Southern Transitional Council (from 2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/south-yemen-secession-aden-180129095311293.html|title=What is going on in southern Yemen?|date=29 January 2018|work=Al Jazeera|access-date=29 January 2018}}</ref><br/>{{flagdeco|Yemen}} Tareq Saleh forces (from 2017)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/why-nephew-former-yemeni-president-dividing-taiz-20733774 |title=A killer or a hero? Nephew of former Yemeni president divides Taiz |work=Middle East Eye |date=16 April 2018 |access-date=31 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2018/4/19/Is-Tareq-Saleh-making-a-comeback-to-battle-Houthis |title=Is Tareq Saleh making a comeback to battle Yemen's Houthis with UAE-funded militias? |work=The New Arab |date=19 April 2018 |access-date=31 May 2018}}</ref>
* National Resistance<ref name="reshuffle Saleh"/>
*[[File:Flag of the Tihamah Resistance.svg|22px|border]] Tihamah Resistance<ref name="reshuffle Saleh"/>
{{Collapsible list
|title='''Support:'''
|1={{flag|United Arab Emirates}}<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/01/yemen-separatists-government-headquarters-aden-180128135207416.html|title= Yemen: Separatists take over government headquarters in Aden|author = Osama bin Javaid|date=28 January 2018|work=Al Jazeera|access-date=28 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.evrensel.net/haber/344348/yemenin-guneyinde-catismalar-darbe-yapiliyor|title=Yemen'in güneyinde çatışmalar: 'Darbe yapılıyor'|date=28 January 2018|work=Evrensel|access-date=28 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/jemen-separatisten-103.html|title=Jetzt bekriegen sich auch einstige Verbündete|date=28 January 2018|work=Tagesschau|access-date=28 January 2018}}</ref>
}}
| combatant3        = '''[[File:ShababFlag.svg|22px|border]] Al-Qaeda'''<ref name="al-Qaeda"/><ref>{{cite news |title=US allies, Al Qaeda battle rebels in Yemen |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/08/07/unite-with-devil-yemen-war-binds-us-allies-al-qaida.html |work=Fox News |date=7 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="San Francisco Chronicle">{{cite news |title=Allies cut deals with al Qaeda in Yemen to serve larger fight with Iran |url=https://www.sfgate.com/world/article/Allies-cut-deals-with-al-Qaeda-in-Yemen-to-serve-13135822.php |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=6 August 2018}}</ref><br />
'''{{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} Ansar al-Sharia'''
* AQAP<ref name="auto">name="The Integration Of Southern Yemeni's in Aqap">{{cite news|title=How Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen has made al Qaeda stronger – and richer|url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/yemen-aqap/|work={{wipe|Reuters}}|date=8 April 2016|access-date=8 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408194313/http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/yemen-aqap/|archive-date=8 April 2016}}</ref>
{{Collapsible list
|title='''Alleged support:'''
|1={{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=20px}}<ref name="al-Qaeda">{{cite news |title=Report: Saudi-UAE coalition 'cut deals' with al-Qaeda in Yemen |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/08/report-saudi-uae-coalition-cut-deals-al-qaeda-yemen-180806074659521.html |work=Al-Jazeera |date=6 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=US allies, Al Qaeda battle rebels in Yemen |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/08/07/unite-with-devil-yemen-war-binds-us-allies-al-qaida.html |publisher=Fox News |date=7 August 2018}}</ref><br /> 
|2={{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=20px}}<ref name="San Francisco Chronicle"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2019/02/middleeast/yemen-lost-us-arms/|title=US arms sold to Saudi Arabia and UAE end up in wrong hands|website=www.cnn.com}}</ref>
|date=June 2018}}
----
'''{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} ISIL-YP'''<ref name="ISIS gaining ground in Yemen, competing with al-Qaeda">{{cite news|title=ISIS gaining ground in Yemen, competing with al Qaeda|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/21/politics/isis-gaining-ground-in-yemen/|work=CNN|date=21 January 2015|access-date=21 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122035602/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/21/politics/isis-gaining-ground-in-yemen/|archive-date=22 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Yemeni implosion pushes southern Sunnis into arms of al-Qaeda and Isis">{{cite news|title=Yemeni implosion pushes southern Sunnis into arms of al-Qaeda and Isis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/22/yemen-sunnis-al-qaida-isis-islamic-state-shia-houthis-sanaa|work={{wipe|The Guardian}}|date=22 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201171901/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/22/yemen-sunnis-al-qaida-isis-islamic-state-shia-houthis-sanaa|archive-date=1 February 2017}}<br/>{{cite web|title=Desknote: The Growing Threat of ISIS in Yemen|url=http://www.criticalthreats.org/yemen/koontz-desknote-growing-threat-isis-in-yemen-may-6-2015|publisher=American Enterprise Institute|date=6 May 2015|access-date=12 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509124544/http://www.criticalthreats.org/yemen/koontz-desknote-growing-threat-isis-in-yemen-may-6-2015|archive-date=9 May 2015}}</ref>
| commander1        = {{Plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Mohamed al-Atifi (2016–)
* {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Mohammed al-Houthi (2015–)}}
* {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Mahdi al-Mashat (2018–)
* {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Hussein Khairan (2015–16)
* {{flagicon image|Houthis Logo.png}} Abdul-Malik al-Houthi
* Abu Bakr al-Salami<ref name="Najran">{{cite news|url=https://asiatimes.com/2015/10/how-saudi-arabias-aggressive-foreign-policy-is-playing-against-itself/|agency=Asia Times|title=How Saudi Arabia's aggressive foreign policy is playing against itself|first=Salman|last=Rafi|date=2 October 2015|access-date=23 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929083129/https://asiatimes.com/2015/10/how-saudi-arabias-aggressive-foreign-policy-is-playing-against-itself/|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref>
{{Collapsible list
 | title = '''Casualties:'''
 | 1 = {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Ali Raymi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ringtv.craveonline.com/news/390403-mysterious-junior-flyweight-ali-raymi-killed-in-yemen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528222629/http://ringtv.craveonline.com/news/390403-mysterious-junior-flyweight-ali-raymi-killed-in-yemen|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 May 2015|title=Mysterious junior flyweight Ali Raymi killed in Yemen|author=Ryan Songalia|date=28 May 2015|access-date=30 May 2015|work=Ring TV}}</ref>
 | 2 = {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Yahya Al-Emad{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ar&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=ar&ie=UTF-8&u=https%3A%2F%2Fyemen-press.com%2Fnews82895.html&edit-text=&act=url|title= Yahya Hassan Al-Emad dead in Sanaa|date=8 October 2016|work=yemen press}}</ref>
 | 3 = {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Ahmed Al-Harbi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_p?act=url&hl=ar&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&sl=ar&tl=en&u=http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/yemen/2016/10/09/%25D9%2585%25D9%2582%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A-%25D8%25B5%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D9%2588%25D8%25AB%25D9%258A-%25D9%2588%25D8%25A3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B2-%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25AA%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2582%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-.html&depth=1&rurl=translate.google.com&nv=1&sp=nmt4&pto=aue&usg=ALkJrhgAAAAAX3wOelmBCe7_N5-ey0ujHET6CIqcnl71|title=sources confirmed death of Ahmed Mohsen Ali Al-Harbi brother-in-law of Abdulmalik al-Houthi|author=Kamel al Matari|date=9 October 2016|work=alarabiya}}</ref>
 | 4 = {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Abdul-Malik Al-Arar{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ar&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=ar&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yemen-24.com%2Fnews37502.html&edit-text=&act=url|title=Disclose the identity of 33 people dead in the incident consolation Rowaishan lounge .. (names + labor)|date=8 October 2016|work=yemen-24}}</ref>
 | 5 = {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Ali Aldhifeef{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ar&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=ar&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fyemen-press.com%2Fnews82923.html&edit-text=&act=url|title="Ali Aldhifeef" most prominent pro-Houthi and responsible for the fall in the Great Hall of Amran Sana'a leaders|date=9 October 2016|work=yemen-press}}</ref>
 | 6 = {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Abdul Razzaq Al-Marwani{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ar&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=ar&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbn.com.lb%2F%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25AF-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D9%258A-%25D9%2588%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25AF-%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%2F&edit-text=&act=url|title=Commander of the Republican Guard and the commander of the Yemeni capital, security forces among the victims of the raids that targeted a funeral in Sanaa|date=8 October 2016|work=National Broadcasting Network}}</ref><ref name="8October2016">{{cite news|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ar&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=ar&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alalam.ir%2Fnews%2F1870267&edit-text=|agency=Al-Alam News Network|title=military leaders among the victims of the martyrs of the massacre Sanaa|date=8 October 2016}}</ref>
 | 7 = {{flagdeco|YEM}} Mohammed bin Hilal{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com.sa/translate?sl=ar&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=ar&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gulfeyes.net%2Fworld%2F742708.html&edit-text=&act=url|title=image killing of a senior officer in uniform in the ballroom in Sana'a consolation Al Rowaishan family|date=8 October 2016|work=gulfeyes}}</ref>
 | 8 = {{flagdeco|YEM}} Ali Al-Jaifi{{KIA}}<ref name="8October2016" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ar&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=ar&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manartv.com.lb%2F821500&edit-text=&act=url|title=Al-Manar correspondent: the commander of the Republican Guard and the commander of the Yemeni Central Security Forces among the martyrs of the massacre Sanaa|date=8 October 2016|work=Al-Manar}}</ref>
 | 9 = {{flagdeco|YEM}} Abdul-Qader Hilal{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/yemen-blasts-hit-event-attended-jalal-al-ruweishan-161008141316494.html|title=Yemen: Blasts hit event attended by Jalal al-Ruweishan|date=8 October 2016|work=Al Jazeera|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726024804/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/yemen-blasts-hit-event-attended-jalal-al-ruweishan-161008141316494.html|archive-date=26 July 2017}}</ref>
 | 10 =  {{flagdeco|YEM}} Mansoor Namran{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ar&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=ar&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Falmotamar.net%2Fnews%2F132848.htm&edit-text=&act=url|title=Defense Staff Brigadier Mansour Tenaian Namran|date=15 October 2016|work=General People's Congress}}</ref>
 | 11 =  {{flagdeco|YEM}} Ahmad Al-Khatib{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com.sa/translate?sl=ar&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=ar&ie=UTF-8&u=https%3A%2F%2Fyemen-press.com%2Fnews83489.html&edit-text=&act=url|title=Colonel Ahmad Al-Khatib killed in airstrike in Saada|date=17 October 2016|work=yemen press}}</ref>
 | 12 = {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Saleh al-Sammad{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-43872482|title=Yemen war: Houthi political leader 'killed in air raid'|work=BBC|date=23 April 2018}}</ref>
 | 13 = {{flagicon image|Houthis emblem.svg}} Hasan Almalsi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-general-idUSKCN11U0KG|title=Coalition forces kill Houthi general on Saudi-Yemen border: sources|work={{wipe|Reuters}}|date=24 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913000800/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-general-idUSKCN11U0KG|archive-date=13 September 2017}}</ref>
 | 14 = {{flagicon image|Houthis emblem.svg}} Hashim al-Barawi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-epa04900798-houthi-militiamen-carry-the-coffin-of-a-senior-houthi-86869531.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005115331/http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-epa04900798-houthi-militiamen-carry-the-coffin-of-a-senior-houthi-86869531.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 October 2016|title=Houthi militiamen carry the coffin of a senior Houthi military leader, Hashim al-Barawi, killed three days ago while fighting Saudi-backed forces|work=Alamy|date=27 August 2015}}</ref>
 | 15 = {{flagicon image|Houthis emblem.svg}} Hassan al-Sharafi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/10/22/Houthi-leader-who-participated-in-Kuwait-talks-killed.html|title=Houthi leader who participated in Kuwait talks killed|work=alarabiya|date=22 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022220538/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/10/22/Houthi-leader-who-participated-in-Kuwait-talks-killed.html|archive-date=22 October 2016}}</ref>
 | 16 = {{flagicon image|Houthis emblem.svg}} Abdulkhalik al-Houthi{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Brother of Houthis' top leader believed dead after air strike|url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/brother-of-houthis-top-leader-believed-dead-after-air-strike-1.765793|website=The National (Abu Dhabi)|date=1 September 2018|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref>
 | 17 = {{flagicon image|Houthis emblem.svg}} Abu Jabar al-Houthi{{POW}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/10/05/Yemen-army-captures-Houthi-militias-in-west-Marib.html|title=Yemen army captures Houthi militias in Marib|work=Al Arabiya|date=5 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006051852/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/10/05/Yemen-army-captures-Houthi-militias-in-west-Marib.html|archive-date=6 October 2016}}</ref>
 | 18 = {{flagicon image|Houthis emblem.svg}} Hussain al-Mutawakel{{POW}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iinanews.org/page/public/news_details.aspx?id=181707&NL=True#|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304045420/http://www.iinanews.org/page/public/news_details.aspx?id=181707&NL=True|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2021|title=Yemen army captures Houthi militia leaders in Marib|work=International Islamic News Agency|date=5 October 2016}}</ref>
 | 19 = {{flagicon image|Houthis emblem.svg}} Ibrahim al-Houthi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Clashes in southern Yemen; rebels leader's brother killed|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-clashes-in-southern-yemen-rebels-leaders-brother-killed/|website=Globe and Mail|agency=Associated Press|date=9 August 2019|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref>
}}
| commander2        = {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi<br/>
{{flagdeco|Yemen}} Mohammed Al-Maqdashi (2018–)<br/>
{{flagdeco|Yemen}} Ali al-Ahmar (2016–)<br/>{{flagdeco|Yemen}} Khaled Bahah (2015–16)<br/>{{flagdeco|Yemen}} Hussein Arab (until 2017)<br/>{{flagdeco|Yemen}} Ahmed Saleh (2017–)<ref name=AhmedSaleh/><br/>{{flagdeco|Yemen}} Tareq Saleh (2017–)<br/>
'''Saudi-led coalition:'''<br/>
{{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} [[Biography:Salman of Saudi Arabia|Salman bin Abdulaziz]]<br/>{{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} Muhammad bin Salman<br/>{{flagdeco|United Arab Emirates}} Khalifa bin Zayed<br/>{{flagdeco|United Arab Emirates}} Mohammed bin Zayed<br/>{{flagdeco|Qatar}} Tamim bin Hamad (2015–17)<br/>{{flagdeco|Sudan}} Abdel Fattah Burhan<br/>{{flagdeco|Senegal}} Macky Sall<br/>{{flagdeco|Morocco}} Mohamed VI (2015–19)<br />
{{Collapsible list
 | title = '''Under 1,000 troops:'''
 | 1 = {{flagdeco|Jordan}} Abdullah II
 | 2 = {{flagdeco|Egypt}} Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
 | 5 = {{flagdeco|Bahrain}} Hamad Al Khalifa
}}

{{Collapsible list
 | title = '''Casualties:'''
 | 1 = {{flagicon|KSA}} Lt. Gen. Muhammad Al Shaalan{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.debka.com/article/24664/Saudi-air-chief-killed-in-Yemeni-rebel-Scud-attack-on-Khamis-Mushayt-air-base|title=DEBKAfile, Political Analysis, Espionage, Terrorism, Security|access-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717134940/http://www.debka.com/article/24664/Saudi-air-chief-killed-in-Yemeni-rebel-Scud-attack-on-Khamis-Mushayt-air-base|archive-date=17 July 2015}}</ref>
 | 2 = {{flagicon|KSA}} Maj. Gen. Abdulrahman al-Shahrani{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/138665.aspx|title=Saudi officer killed in cross-border fire from Yemen|publisher=Al-Ahram (AFP)|date=23 August 2015|access-date=23 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901154403/http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/138665.aspx|archive-date=1 September 2015}}</ref>
 | 3 = {{flagicon|KSA}} Brig. Gen. Ibrahim Hamzi{{KIA}}<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/27/saudi-general-killed-on-yemen-border-while-defending-country-army-says|title=Saudi general killed on Yemen border while 'defending country', army says|newspaper=the Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022224000/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/27/saudi-general-killed-on-yemen-border-while-defending-country-army-says|archive-date=22 October 2016|date=27 September 2015|last1=France-Presse|first1=Agence}}</ref>
| 4 = {{flagicon|KSA}} Col. Abdullah al-Sahian{{KIA}}<ref name="uk.reuters.com">{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-idUKKBN0TX0FN20151214|title=Two top Gulf commanders killed in Yemen rocket strike – sources|author=Reuters Editorial|date=14 December 2015|work=Reuters UK|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082708/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-idUKKBN0TX0FN20151214|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
 | 5 = {{flagicon|KSA}} Col. Hassan Ageeli{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/story/456458/Saudi-colonel-killed-in-gun-battle-on-Yemen-border|title=GULF TIMES|work=Gulf-Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302065338/http://gulf-times.com/story/456458/Saudi-colonel-killed-in-gun-battle-on-Yemen-border|archive-date=2 March 2016|date=26 September 2015}}</ref>
 | 6 = {{flagicon|KSA}} Lt. Col. Abdullah al-Balwi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/2015/06/18/mine-kills-saudi-officer-on-yemen-border/28928799/|title=Mine Kills Saudi Officer On Yemen Border|date=18 June 2015|work=Defense News}}</ref>
 | 7 = {{flagicon|KSA}} Brig. Gen. Bandar bin Mazid {{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/arab-coalition-commander-assassinated-in-southern-yemen/|title=Arab coalition commander assassinated in southern Yemen|date=21 September 2019|work=Almasdar.com}}</ref>
 | 8 = {{flagicon|UAE}} Col. Mohammed al-Kitbi{{KIA}}<ref name="uk.reuters.com" />
 | 9 =  {{flagicon|BHR}} Khalid Al Khalifa{{WIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://assafir.com/Article/5/447805|title=ابن ملك البحرين ربما أصيب في اليمن|publisher=As-Safir|date=30 September 2015|access-date=1 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004165322/http://assafir.com/Article/5/447805|archive-date=4 October 2015}}</ref>
 | 10 = {{flagicon|YEM}} Mahmoud al-Subaihi{{POW}}
 | 11 = {{flagicon|YEM}} Gen. Abd Rabbo Hussein{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-02/22/c_135120964.htm|title=Gunmen assassinate top army commander in Yemen's Aden|work=xinhuanet.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223113750/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-02/22/c_135120964.htm|archive-date=23 February 2016}}</ref>
 | 12 = {{flagicon|YEM}} Gen. Ahmad Al-Yafei {{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web |author=Mohammed Mukhashaf |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-idUKKBN1610NH |title=Senior Yemeni general killed in Houthi missile attack &#124; Reuters |website=Uk.reuters.com |date=2017-02-22 |access-date=2017-07-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011223508/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-idUKKBN1610NH |archive-date=11 October 2017  }}</ref>
 | 13 = {{flagicon|YEM}} Maj. Gen. Abdul-Rab al-Shadadi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/10/08/Top-commander-in-Yemen-s-army-killed.html|title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-11-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011224327/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/10/08/Top-commander-in-Yemen-s-army-killed.html|archive-date=11 October 2017}}</ref>
 | 14 = {{flagicon|YEM}} Maj. Gen. Jaafar Saad{{KIA}}
 | 15 = {{flagicon|YEM}} Brig. Gen. Hameed Al-Qushaibi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/06/160629141317469.html|title=Recordings: Houthi leaders planned general's killing|work=Aljazeera|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630172610/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/06/160629141317469.html|archive-date=30 June 2016}}</ref>
 | 16 = {{flagicon|YEM}} Cmdr. Jarallah Salhi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20151225-gunmen-kill-yemen-intelligence-officer-security-source|title=Flash – Gunmen kill Yemen intelligence officer: security source|work=France 24|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055031/http://www.france24.com/en/20151225-gunmen-kill-yemen-intelligence-officer-security-source|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=22 February 2017}}</ref>
 | 17 = {{flagicon|YEM}} Capt. Zafir Al-Turki{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/saudi-arabia/yemeni-fighter-buried-in-jazan/?|title=Yemeni fighter buried in Jazan|last=Ali|first=Ajaz|work=Saudi Gazette|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073813/http://saudigazette.com.sa/saudi-arabia/yemeni-fighter-buried-in-jazan/|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
 | 19 = {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Gen. Mohamed al-Thaifani {{KIA}}<ref name="DebrieferSenior" />
 | 20 = {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Gen. Khalid al-Joma'ei {{KIA}}<ref name="DebrieferSenior">{{cite web |title=105 Yemeni troops, Houthis reportedly killed, injured in Marib |website=Debriefer |date=2020-05-04 |url=https://debriefer.net/en/news-16222.html |access-date=2020-04-06}}</ref>
}}
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of South Yemen.svg}} Maj. Gen. Aidarus al-Zoubaidi
{{Collapsible list
| title = '''Casualties:'''
| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Yemen.svg}} Brig. Gen. Munir Al Yafi{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Death toll rises to 49 in attacks in Yemen's Aden|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/death-toll-rises-to-49-in-attacks-in-yemen-s-aden/1547314|website=Anadolu Agency|date=1 August 2019|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref>
}}
| commander3        = {{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} Khalid Batarfi{{POW}}<br/>{{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} Ibrahim al Qosi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/02/ex-guantanamo-detainee-prominently-featured-al-qaeda-propaganda.php|title=Ex-Guantanamo detainee prominently featured in al Qaeda propaganda|work=The Long War Journal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216092320/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/02/ex-guantanamo-detainee-prominently-featured-al-qaeda-propaganda.php|archive-date=16 February 2016}}</ref>
<br/>{{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} Abu Osama al-Muhajer{{POW}}<ref name="muhajer">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-isis/saudi-forces-say-they-have-captured-leader-of-yemen-branch-of-islamic-state-idUSKCN1TQ1TX|title=Saudi forces say they have captured leader of Yemen branch of Islamic State|work=Reuters|date=25 June 2019}}</ref>
{{Collapsible list
| title = '''Casualties:'''
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} Nasir al-Wuhayshi{{KIA}}}}
| {{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} Qasim al-Raymi{{KIA}}
| {{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} Nasser al-Ansi{{KIA}}
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} Ibrahim al-Rubaish{{KIA}}}}
}}
----
{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Abu Bilal al-Harbi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|title=This Man Is The Leader In ISIS's Recruiting War Against Al-Qaeda In Yemen|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/gregorydjohnsen/this-man-is-the-leader-in-isis-recruiting-war-against-al-qae#.pvvgvZz5n|publisher=Buzzfeed|date=7 July 2015|access-date=7 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707173044/http://www.buzzfeed.com/gregorydjohnsen/this-man-is-the-leader-in-isis-recruiting-war-against-al-qae#.pvvgvZz5n|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref>
| units1            = 
| units2            = 
| units3            = 
| strength1         = {{flagdeco|Yemen}} Supreme Political Council:<br />
{{flagicon image|Houthis Logo.png}} 150,000–200,000 fighters<ref name="Yemen post">{{cite news|url=http://yemenpost.net/Detail123456789.aspx?ID=3&SubID=1749&MainCat=2|title=Thousands Expected to die in 2010 in Fight against Al-Qaeda|newspaper=Al-Qaeda Announces Holy War against Houthis Yemen Post|access-date=23 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303112426/http://yemenpost.net/Detail123456789.aspx?ID=3&SubID=1749&MainCat=2|archive-date=3 March 2011}}</ref><br />
| strength2         = {{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} 100 warplanes and 150,000 soldiers<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/25/middleeast/yemen-unrest/|work=CNN|title=Saudi Arabia launches airstrikes in Yemen|date=26 March 2015|access-date=26 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326010115/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/25/middleeast/yemen-unrest/|archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref><br/>{{flagdeco|UAE}} 30 warplanes<ref name="repel" /> and 10,000 soldiers<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/52fdfdd37cfd4d698c56878378ced692|title=AP Explains: How Emirates troop drawdown impacts Yemen's war|publisher=AP News|date= 25 July 2019}}</ref><br/>{{flagdeco|Bahrain}} 15 warplanes<ref name="repel"/> and 300 troops<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.emirates247.com/news/region/more-bahrain-troops-for-yemen-2015-11-24-1.611601|title=More Bahrain troops for Yemen|publisher=Emirates 24/7}}</ref><br/>{{flagdeco|Qatar}} 10 warplanes and 1,000 soldiers<ref name="repel"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKCN0R710W20150907|work=Reuters|title=Qatar sends 1,000 ground troops to Yemen conflict: al Jazeera|date=7 September 2015|access-date=7 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908001721/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/09/07/us-yemen-security-idUSKCN0R710W20150907|archive-date=8 September 2015}}</ref><br/>{{flagdeco|Jordan}} 6 warplanes<ref name="repel"/><br/>{{flagdeco|Morocco}} 6 warplanes<ref name="repel" /> and 1,500 troops<ref name="repel"/><ref name="gulfnews.com"/><br/>{{flagdeco|Sudan}} 4 warplanes and 8,000–30,000 troops<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/yemen-sunni-grand-alliance-sudan-commits-troops-saudi-jets-pound-sana-1493889|title=Yemen Sunni grand alliance: Sudan commits troops as Saudi jets pound Sana'a|work=International Business Times UK|access-date=15 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416141849/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/yemen-sunni-grand-alliance-sudan-commits-troops-saudi-jets-pound-sana-1493889|archive-date=16 April 2015|date=27 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="sudan">{{cite news|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/157087/sudan-denies-plane-shot-down-by-yemens-houthis|agency=World Bulletin|title=Sudan denies plane shot down by Yemen's Houthis|date=28 March 2015|access-date=28 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330062026/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/157087/sudan-denies-plane-shot-down-by-yemens-houthis|archive-date=30 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2019/10/7/houthi-rebels-kill-several-sudanese-soldiers-in-taiz-attack|title=Yemen's Houthi rebels kill 'several Sudanese soldiers' in Taiz attack|first=The New|last=Arab|website=alaraby|date=7 October 2019}}</ref><br/>{{flagdeco|Senegal}} 2,100 troops<ref name="repel"/><ref name="SudTrib_RSF_Yemen_10k_return">{{cite news | title= Sudan withdraws 10,000 troops from Yemen |trans-title = <!-- trans-title is the English translation --> | date= 2019-10-30 |newspaper= Sudan Tribune | url= https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68404 |access-date=2019-10-31 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191031014137/https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68404 |archive-date= 2019-10-31 |url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped -->}}</ref><br/>{{flagdeco|Egypt}} 4 warships<ref>{{cite news |title=Four Egyptian warships en route to Gulf of Aden|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/126145/Egypt/Politics-/Four-Egyptian-warships-en-route-to-Gulf-of-Aden.aspx |newspaper=Al-Ahram |date=26 March 2015 |access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> and warplanes<ref>{{cite news |title=Egypt navy and air force taking part in military intervention in Yemen: Presidency|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/126179/Egypt/Politics-/UPDATED-Egypt-navy-and-air-force-taking-part-in-mi.aspx |newspaper=Al-Ahram |date=26 March 2015|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref><br />1,800 security contractors<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/charlestiefer/2015/11/26/in-yemen-war-mercenaries-launched-by-blackwater-head-were-spotted-today-not-good-news/ "In Yemen War, Mercenaries Launched by Blackwater Head Were Spotted Today – Not Good News"] ''{{wipe|Forbes}}''</ref><br />
| strength3         = {{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} Ansar al-Sharia
* {{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} AQAP: 6,000–8,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/f38788a561d74ca78c77cb43612d50da/Yemen:-US-allies-don%27t-defeat-al-Qaida-but-pay-it-to-go-away|title=AP Investigation: US allies, al-Qaida battle rebels in Yemen|website=AP News|date=7 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="ramps up">{{cite news |author=Eric Schmitt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/world/middleeast/yemen-us-airstrikes-al-qaeda.html |title=United States Ramps up Airstrikes against Al Qaeda in Yemen|newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=2017-03-03|access-date=2017-07-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519142700/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/world/middleeast/yemen-us-airstrikes-al-qaeda.html|archive-date=19 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="US State Terrorism Report">{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2015/257523.htm|title=Country Reports on Terrorism 2015 Chapter 6. Foreign Terrorist Organizations|website=State.gov|access-date=2017-07-14}}</ref><ref name="new authorities">{{cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/yemen-airstrikes-target-al-qaida-leader-/3748092.html|title=Flexing New Authorities, US Military Unleashes Barrage on AQAP|website=Voanews.com|date=2017-03-03|access-date=2017-07-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828011829/https://www.voanews.com/a/yemen-airstrikes-target-al-qaida-leader-/3748092.html|archive-date=28 August 2017}}</ref>
----
{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} ISIL: 300<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-islamicstate-insight-idUSKCN0PA1T920150630|title=In Yemen chaos, Islamic State grows to rival al Qaeda|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022201839/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/30/us-yemen-security-islamicstate-insight-idUSKCN0PA1T920150630|archive-date=22 October 2015|date=30 June 2015}}</ref>
| casualties1       = "Thousands" killed (per Al Jazeera; as of May 2018)<br />11,000+ killed (Arab Coalition claim; as of December 2017)<ref name="Saudi Gazette">{{cite news |url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/524562/SAUDI-ARABIA/Arab-Coalition-83-ballistic-missiles-fired-by-Houthis-toward-Saudi-Arabia-so-far|title=Arab Coalition: 83 ballistic missiles fired by Houthis toward Saudi Arabia so far|newspaper=Saudi Gazette|access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref><br />
| casualties2       = {{flagicon|YEM}} Unknown<br />
{{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}}1,000<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/05/1-000-saudi-troops-killed-yemen-war-began-180528174808387.html|title=More than 1,000 Saudi troops killed in Yemen since war began|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=28 May 2018}}</ref>–3,000<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/yemen-war-rapidly-becoming-as-messy-and-complicated-as-the-conflict-in-syria-a6937026.html|title='Yemen's war is becoming as messy as the conflict in Syria'|date=17 March 2016|website=The Independent}}</ref> soldiers killed by 2016
<br />10 captured;<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-swap-idUKL5N1700CA|title=Saudi-led alliance says completes Yemen prisoner swap|author=Mohammed Mukhashaf|date=28 March 2016|work=Reuters UK|access-date=14 April 2016}}</ref><br />5 aircraft lost;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-rescues-two-saudi-fighter-pilots-after-splashdown-near-n331711|title=Two pilots killed when helicopter comes down on Saudi-Yemen border – coalition|work=Reuters UK|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="khaleejtimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/region/saudi-arabia/saudi-warplane-crashes-in-yemen-pilot-killed|title=Saudi warplane crashes in Yemen, pilot killed|last=Wam|website=khaleejtimes.com|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref>
<br />8 helicopters lost<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi-idUSKCN1LU1VT|title=Two Saudi pilots killed in helicopter crash: state media|date=14 September 2018|work=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="independent.co.uk1">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-prince-deputy-governor-killed-helicopter-crash-asir-province-a8039226.html|title=Saudi prince killed in helicopter crash|date=5 November 2017|website=The Independent|access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="gulfnews.com2017">{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/12-saudi-soldiers-martyred-in-yemen-helicopter-crash-1.2013716|title=19Saudi soldiers martyred in Yemen helicopter crash|last=Agencies|date=18 April 2017|access-date=10 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528142854/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/12-saudi-soldiers-martyred-in-yemen-helicopter-crash-1.2013716|archive-date=28 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="exchange">{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-yemen-crash-idUKKCN0QQ29P20150821|title=Two pilots killed when helicopter comes down on Saudi-Yemen border...|date=21 August 2015|via=uk.reuters.com|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Houthis claim responsibility for fall of coalition plane|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/21204-houthis-claim-responsibility-for-fall-of-coalition-plane}}{{cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/3/16/yemens-houthi-rebels-shoot-down-apache-helicopter-in-hodeida|title=Yemen's Houthi rebels 'shoot down Apache helicopter in Hodeida|date=17 March 2017|access-date=10 June 2017}}<br/>{{cite news |date=18 April 2017 |title=Saudi military helicopter crashes in Yemen, killing 12 officers |work={{wipe|Reuters}} |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi/saudi-military-helicopter-crashes-in-yemen-killing-12-officers-idUSKBN17K1W0}}</ref><ref name="crashnear">{{cite news |title=Two Saudi pilots killed in crash near Yemen |publisher=Al Arabiya English |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/08/22/Coalition-Two-pilots-killed-in-crash-near-Yemen.html}}</ref><br />9 drones lost<br />20 [[Engineering:M1 Abrams|M1A2S]] lost<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defenseone.com/business/2016/08/us-tank-deal-exposes-saudi-losses-yemen-war/130623/|title=Saudi Losses in Yemen War Exposed by US Tank Deal|website=Defense One}}</ref><br />1 frigate ''Al Madinah'' damaged<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/01/31/Saudi-warship-comes-under-Houthi-attack-west-of-Yemen-s-Hodeida-.html |title=Two killed after Houthis attack Saudi warship |publisher=Al Arabiya English}}</ref><br />
{{flagicon|UAE}} 108 soldiers killed<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/uae-rulers-celebrate-armed-forces-efforts-in-yemen-1.976400|title=UAE Rulers celebrate Armed Forces' efforts in Yemen|website=The National}}</ref><br />2 aircraft lost<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/news/government/video-two-uae-fighter-pilots-martyred-in-yemen-laid-to-rest|title=Video: Two UAE fighter pilots martyred in Yemen laid to rest|last=Wam|website=khaleejtimes.com|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-emirates-idUSKCN0WG0DJ|title=UAE plane crashed in Yemen due to technical fault, pilots killed: coalition|author=Mohammed Mukhashaf|date=14 March 2016|work={{wipe|Reuters}}|access-date=14 April 2016}}</ref><br />3 helicopters lost<ref name="The National">{{cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/funerals-for-four-uae-soldiers-killed-in-yemen-helicopter-crash-held-1.618844|title=Funerals for four UAE soldiers killed in Yemen helicopter crash held|website=The National}}</ref><br />1 minesweeper damaged<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/13068/houthi-rebels-in-yemen-attacked-another-uae-ship-and-thats-all-we-know-for-sure|title=Houthi Rebels In Yemen Attacked Another UAE Ship and That's All We Know For Certain|first=Joseph|last=Trevithick|website=The Drive}}</ref><br />6 drones lost<br />1 watercraft damaged ([[Engineering:HSV-2 Swift|HSV-2 ''Swift'']]) <br />{{flagicon|SDN}} 1,000–4,000 soldiers killed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/yemen-war-death-toll-saudi-arabia-allies-how-many-killed-responsibility-a8603326.html|title='The Yemen war death toll is five times higher than we think – we can't shrug off our responsibilities any longer'|date=26 October 2018|website=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/yemen-war-houthis-sudan-troops-suffering-heavy-casualties-191104104429885.html|title=Yemen war: Houthis say Sudan troops suffering heavy casualties|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref><br />
{{flagicon|BHR}} 9 soldiers killed<ref name="Albilad">{{cite web|url=https://nabd.com/s/74311767-5c48a4/قوة-دفاع-البحرين-تنعى-شهيد-الواجب-الوطني-الوكيل-أول-جمعة-مبارك-سالم|title=Bahrain Defense Force mourns the martyrdom of the National Force|language=ar|access-date= 26 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/198216|title=Bahrain Says Three Soldiers in Yemen Coalition Killed | work =Naharnet}}</ref><br />1 F-16 crashed<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/bahrain-f-16-crashes-saudi-near-yemen-border-coalition-2000625843?|title=Bahrain F-16 crashes in Saudi near Yemen border after 'technical issue'|publisher=Middle East Eye}}</ref><br />
{{flagicon|QAT}} 4 soldiers killed<ref>{{cite web|work = Gulf News |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/qatar/first-qatari-soldier-killed-in-yemen-1.1618057 |title= First Qatari soldier killed in Yemen|date=11 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work =Al Arabiyah English |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/13/Three-Qatari-soldiers-killed-in-Yemen-.html |title= Three Qatari soldiers killed in Yemen|date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
{{flagicon|MAR}} 10 servicemen killed<ref name="moroccotimes">{{cite news |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/saudi-coalition-houthi-rebels-intensify-attacks-yemen-ahead-proposed-ceasefire-2223830|title=Saudi Coalition, Houthi Rebels Intensify Attacks In Yemen Ahead Of Proposed Ceasefire|work=International Business Times|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="marocain">{{cite news |url= http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2015/05/16/crash-f-16-marocain-pilote-yemen-corps_n_7296480.html |title=Crash d'un F-16 marocain au Yémen: Le corps du pilote marocain pourrait avoir été repéré| work =The Huffington Post Maghreb | agency = AFP|access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref><br /> 1 [[Engineering:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]] shot down<ref name="marocain"/><br />
{{flagicon|Jordan}} 1 [[Engineering:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]] lost<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gulf-times.com/story/534158/Jordan-warplane-crashes-in-Saudi-pilot-survives|title=Jordan warplane crashes in Saudi, pilot survives|work= Gulf Times |access-date=10 June 2017}}</ref>
<br />{{flagicon image|Academi - Logo.svg}} 71 [[Finance:Private military company|PMCs]] killed<ref name="arwa1">{{cite web|url=http://arwarights.org/foreign-mercenaries-file |title=Use of Mercenaries by the Saudi-led Coalition to Violate Human Rights in Yemen and Impede the Exercise of the Yemeni People's Right to Self-determination|work=Arabian Right Watch Association|access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref><br />
{{flagicon|United States}} 1 killed<br>4 drones shot down<br>1 helicopter lost<br>1 tiltrotor craft lost
| casualties3       = {{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} 1,000 killed, 1,500 captured<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1426857|title=UAE aims to wipe out Yemen Al Qaeda branch|work=Dawn|access-date=14 August 2018|date=14 August 2018}}</ref>
| casualties4 = 233,000 deaths (131,000 from indirect causes) overall in Yemen according to the UN<ref name="un news">{{cite web |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/12/1078972 |title=UN humanitarian office puts Yemen war dead at 233,000, mostly from 'indirect causes' |date=December 2020 |format= }}</ref><br/>(8,672 civilians killed and 9,741 injured by coalition's airstrikes)<ref name= "us16">{{cite web |url=https://us16.campaign-archive.com/?u=1912a1b11cab332fa977d3a6a&id=e0562bce18 |title=Five Years of Data on Saudi-led Air War|format= }}</ref><ref name="urlWorld Report 2021: Yemen | Human Rights Watch">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/yemen |title=World Report 2021: Yemen &#124; Human Rights Watch |date=13 January 2021 |format= }}</ref><br/>500+ killed overall in Saudi Arabia (According to Saudi Arabia)<ref>[https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/08/03/Saudi-UN-envoy-decries-Houthi-border-attacks.html Saudi UN envoy decries Houthi border attacks]<br />{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806062138/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/08/03/Saudi-UN-envoy-decries-Houthi-border-attacks.html |date=6 August 2016 }}</ref><br/>49,960 wounded overall in Yemen<ref name="kills26"/> (10,768 civilians)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/yemen|title=World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Yemen|date=17 January 2019|website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> <br/>3,154,572 people displaced<ref>{{cite web|url=https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/more-3-million-displaced-yemen-%E2%80%93-joint-un-agency-report|title=More than 3 million displaced in Yemen – joint UN agency report|date=22 August 2016|access-date=30 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130124232/https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/more-3-million-displaced-yemen-%E2%80%93-joint-un-agency-report|archive-date=30 January 2017}}</ref>

84,701+ children died from starvation by October 2018 (per Save the Children)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/11/21/yemen-children-hunger/2076683002/|title=Save the Children says 85,000 kids may have died of hunger in Yemen|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> and 2,556 people died due to a cholera outbreak (April 2017 – October 2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/outbreak-update-cholera-in-yemen-25-october-2018.html|title=Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 25 October 2018|last=CSR|website=www.emro.who.int|access-date=2018-10-25}}</ref>
| notes             = 
| campaignbox       = {{Campaignbox Yemeni Crisis}}
}}
The '''Yemeni Civil War''' ({{lang-ar|الحرب الأهلية اليمنية|al-ḥarb al-ʾahlīyah al-yamanīyah}}) is an ongoing multi-sided civil war that began in late 2014 mainly between the Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi-led Yemeni government and the Houthi armed movement, along with their supporters and allies. Both claim to constitute the official government of Yemen.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/143295/asher-orkaby/houthi-who|agency=Foreign Affairs|title=Houthi Who?|first=Asher|last=Orkaby|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327115828/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/143295/asher-orkaby/houthi-who|archive-date=27 March 2015}}</ref>

The civil war began in September 2014 when Houthi forces took over the capital city Sanaa, which was followed by a rapid Houthi takeover of the government. On 21 March 2015, the Houthi-led Supreme Revolutionary Committee declared a general mobilization to overthrow Hadi and expand their control by driving into southern provinces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yemenobserver.com/front-page/1397-supreme-revolutionary-commission-declares-general-mobilization.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151121172248/http://www.yemenobserver.com/front-page/1397-supreme-revolutionary-commission-declares-general-mobilization.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 November 2015 |title=Yemen observer |author=Abdul-Aziz Oudah |access-date=18 November 2015 }}</ref> The Houthi offensive, allied with military forces loyal to Saleh, began fighting the next day in Lahij Governorate. By 25 March, Lahij fell to the Houthis and they reached the outskirts of Aden, the seat of power for Hadi's government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/03/25/yemen-president-hadi-flees-aden-palace-as-houthi-rebels-near-officials-say.html|agency=The Toronto Star|title=Yemen's president flees Aden as rebels close in|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402172041/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/03/25/yemen-president-hadi-flees-aden-palace-as-houthi-rebels-near-officials-say.html|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Hadi fled the country the same day.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/26/hadi-saudi-riyadh_n_6948558.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328231851/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/26/hadi-saudi-riyadh_n_6948558.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 March 2015|agency=The Huffington Post|title=Saudi Arabia: Yemen's President Hadi Arrives In Saudi Capital Riyadh|date=26 March 2015|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-yemen-leader-flees-country-1.3008452|agency=CBS.CA|title=Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi, Yemen leader, flees country|date=25 March 2015|access-date=26 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325222712/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-yemen-leader-flees-country-1.3008452|archive-date=25 March 2015}}</ref> Concurrently, a coalition led by Saudi Arabia launched military operations by using air strikes to restore the former Yemeni government.<ref name="offensive" /> Although there was no direct intervention by Iran, who support the Houthis,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Juneau|first=Thomas|date=2016-05-01|title=Iran's policy towards the Houthis in Yemen: A limited return on a modest investment|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302064592|journal=International Affairs|volume=92|issue=3|pages=647–663|doi=10.1111/1468-2346.12599}}</ref> the conflict has been widely seen as an extension of the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict and as a means to combat Iranian influence in the region.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29319423|title=Yemen crisis: Why is there a war?|date=21 March 2019|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/21/who-are-the-houthis-fighting-the-saudi-led-coalition-in-yemen|title=Who are the Houthis and why are they fighting the Saudi coalition in Yemen?|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=21 November 2018|via=www.theguardian.com|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>

Houthi forces currently control the capital [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]] and all of North Yemen except Marib Governorate. They have clashed with Saudi-backed pro-government forces loyal to Hadi. Since the formation of the Southern Transitional Council in 2017 and the subsequent capture of Aden by the STC in 2018, the anti-Houthi coalition has been fractured, with regular clashes between pro-Hadi forces backed by Saudi Arabia and southern separatists backed by the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/yemen-southern-separatists-regain-control-port-city-aden-190829073935248.html|title=Hadi urges Saudi intervention to stop UAE support for separatists|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and the [[Religion:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] have also carried out attacks against both factions, with AQAP controlling swathes of territory in the hinterlands, and along stretches of the coast.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yemen in Crisis|url=http://www.cfr.org/yemen/yemen-crisis/p36488|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|date=8 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509030311/http://www.cfr.org/yemen/yemen-crisis/p36488|archive-date=9 May 2015}}</ref>

According to ACLED, over 100,000 people have been killed in Yemen, including more than 12,000 civilians, as well as estimates of more than 85,000 dead as a result of an ongoing famine due to the war.<ref name="kills26">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-41830119|title=Yemen war: Saudi-led air strike 'kills 26 at Saada market'|access-date=1 November 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101221346/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-41830119|archive-date=1 November 2017|work=BBC News|date=November 2017}}</ref><ref name="tempo">{{cite web|url=https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2017/12/31/309914473/20-Killed-in-Saudi-Airstrike-in-Yemen|title=20 Killed in Saudi Airstrike in Yemen|access-date=31 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-save-the-children-yemen-20171116-story.html|title=50,000 children in Yemen have died of starvation and disease so far this year, monitoring group says|agency=Associated Press|work=chicagotribune.com|access-date=2018-07-07}}</ref> In 2018, the United Nations warned that 13 million Yemeni civilians face starvation in what it says could become "the worst famine in the world in 100 years."<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=15 October 2018 |title=Yemen could be 'worst famine in 100 years'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-45857729/yemen-could-be-worst-famine-in-100-years|work=BBC |access-date=15 October 2018}}</ref> The crisis has only begun to gain as much international media attention as the Syrian Civil War in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/feature/yemen-faces-of-the-worlds-forgotten-war-11516374|title=Yemen: Faces of the world's forgotten war|website=Sky News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/09/yemen-the-forgotten-war/|title=YEMEN WAR: NO END IN SIGHT|website=www.amnesty.org}}</ref>

The international community has sharply condemned the Saudi Arabian-led bombing campaign, which has included widespread bombing of civilian areas inside the Houthi-controlled western part of Yemen.<ref>[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/giorgio-cafiero/saudi-arabia-and-alqaeda-_b_8184338.html Saudi Arabia and al-Qaeda Unite in Yemen] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210052642/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/giorgio-cafiero/saudi-arabia-and-alqaeda-_b_8184338.html |date=10 February 2017 }}, ''Huffington Post'', "Despite the international community's condemnation of Saudi Arabia's bombing of civilian areas in Yemen, ... "</ref> According to the Yemen Data Project, the bombing campaign has killed or injured an estimated 17,729 civilians as of March 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last= Raghavan|first=Sudarsan|date= 27 March 2019|title=Airstrike by Saudi-led coalition said to hit near Yemeni hospital, killing 8, including 5 children|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/airstrike-by-saudi-led-coalition-said-to-hit-yemeni-hospital-killing-7-including-4-children/2019/03/27/7103b829-eda9-462a-aec1-be304044ac5e_story.html|work={{wipe|The Washington Post}} |access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref>

The {{wipe|United States}} provided intelligence and logistical support for the Saudi-led campaign.<ref name="nytimes.com" /> In March 2019, both houses of the United States Congress voted to pass a resolution to end US support to the Saudi Arabia war effort.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2019/03/13/us-senate-passes-yemen-resolution-54-46/|title=Senate passes resolution to end US support of Saudi Arabia in Yemen, 54–46|last=Gould|first=Joe|date=2019-03-14|website=Defense News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-07}}</ref> It was vetoed by then US President Donald Trump, and in May, the Senate failed to override the veto.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2019/05/02/senate-fails-to-override-trump-veto-on-yemen-military-assistance/|title=Senate fails to override Trump veto on Yemen military assistance|last=Gould|first=Joe|date=2019-05-03|website=Defense News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-07}}</ref> However, on 27 January 2021, newly elected President Joe Biden temporarily froze arms sales to Saudi Arabia and the UAE,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-freezes-u-s-arms-sales-to-saudi-arabia-uae-11611773191|title=Biden Re-Examining U.S. Arms Sales to Saudi Arabia, U.A.E.|work=The Wall Street Journal|first=Warren P.|last=Strobel|date=January 27, 2021|access-date=February 4, 2021}}</ref> and on 4 February 2021, Biden announced that he would end American support for the Saudi coalition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-end-support-saudi-offenseive-yemen-b68f58493dbfc530b9fcfdb80a13098f|title=Biden ending US support for Saudi-led offensive in Yemen|work=AP News|first=Ellen|last=Knickmeyer|date=February 5, 2021|access-date=February 13, 2021}}</ref> Arms sales to the UAE proceeded on 13 April 2021, while arms sales to Saudi Arabia continued to be paused.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-13|title=Biden administration proceeding with $23 billion weapon sales to UAE|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/exclusive-biden-administration-proceeding-with-23-billion-weapon-sales-uae-2021-04-13/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Reuters}}</ref> However, the details of the end of American involvement in the war have yet to be released.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Emmons |first1=Alex |title=MONTHS AFTER BIDEN PROMISED TO END SUPPORT FOR YEMEN WAR, CONGRESS STILL HAS NO DETAILS |url=https://theintercept.com/2021/04/07/biden-yemen-war-congress-end/ |website=Intercept |access-date=8 April 2021}}</ref> The Biden Administration did not provide any answer to congressional queries regarding the level of continuing American involvement in Yemen.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Emmons |first1=Alex |title=CONGRESS SOUGHT DETAILS ABOUT BIDEN'S PLEDGE TO END U.S. SUPPORT FOR YEMEN WAR. THEY GOT A "NON-ANSWER." |url=https://theintercept.com/2021/05/27/yemen-biden-support-congress-letter/ |website=Intercept |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Biden administration fails to answer Congress's questions over Yemen |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/yemen-war-biden-administration-answer-congress-saudi-offensive-support |website=Middle East Eye |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref>

==Background==

After the end of their rule, from the 1960s onwards, Zaydis faced discrimination and ''Sunnification'' policies from the consequent Sunni dominated governments. For example, Salafis in Saada claimed al-Shawkani as an intellectual precursor, and future Yemeni regimes would uphold his Sunnization policies as a unifier of the country<ref>{{cite book|author1=Barak A. Salmoni|author2=Bryce Loidolt|author3=Madeleine Wells|title=Regime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon|date=28 Apr 2010|publisher=Rand Corporation|isbn=9780833049742|page=72}}</ref> and to undermine Zaydi Shi'ism.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Farhad Daftary|title=A History of Shi'i Islam|date=2 Dec 2013|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9780857735249|edition=revised|quote=Since 1962, republicans in Yaman have continuously used al-Shawkani's teachings and works to undermine the past doctrines of the Zaydi imamate and Zaydi Shi'ism itself. The modern Yamani state has indeed pursued an anti-Zaydi policy in the guise of Islamic reform, drawing extensively on al-Shawkani's teachings.}}</ref>

Ansar Allah (sometimes Anglicised as Ansarullah), known popularly as the Houthis, is a Zaidi group with its origins in the mountainous Sa'dah Governorate on Yemen's northern border with Saudi Arabia. They led a low-level insurgency against the Yemeni government in 2004<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3643600.stm|agency=BBC News|title=Yemeni forces kill rebel cleric|date=10 September 2004|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061121091116/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3643600.stm|archive-date=21 November 2006}}</ref> after their leader, Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi, was killed in a government military crackdown<ref name="IRIN">{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/488f180d1e.html|title=Yemen: The conflict in Saada Governorate – analysis|date=24 July 2008|publisher=IRIN|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=https://globalvoices.org/2015/04/01/debunking-media-myths-about-the-houthis-in-war-torn-yemen/|title=Debunking Media Myths About the Houthis in War-Torn Yemen · Global Voices|date=1 April 2015|website=GlobalVoices.org|access-date=1 January 2018}}</ref> following his protests against government policies.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2017/12/18/who-are-the-houthis-and-why-are-we-at-war-with-them/|title=Who are the Houthis, and why are we at war with them?|last=Riedel|first=Bruce|date=2017-12-18|work=Brookings Institution|access-date=2018-06-12|author-link=Bruce Riedel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2015/02/12/5-things-houthis-yemen/|title=5 Things to Know About the Houthis of Yemen|last=Streuly|first=Dick|date=2015-02-12|website=WSJ|access-date=2018-07-04}}</ref>

The intensity of the conflict waxed and waned over the course of the [[History:2000s (decade)|2000s]], with multiple peace agreements being negotiated and later disregarded.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/world/20070129-0318-yemen-houthi-.html|agency=San Diego Union-Tribune|title=Yemen tells Shi'ite rebels to disband or face war|date=29 January 2007|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608183854/http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/world/20070129-0318-yemen-houthi-.html|archive-date=8 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/yemens-government-shiite-rebels-negotiate-end-to-3-year-conflict/|agency=The Seattle Times|title=Yemen's government, Shiite rebels negotiate end to 3-year conflict|date=17 June 2007|access-date=9 April 2015}}</ref> The Houthi insurgency heated up in 2009, briefly drawing neighboring Saudi Arabia to the side of the Yemeni government, but cooled the following year after a ceasefire was signed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/01/2010127124547864341.html|agency=Al Jazeera|title=Saudi-Houthi border fighting ends|date=27 January 2010|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412045001/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/01/2010127124547864341.html|archive-date=12 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/01/22/who-are-the-houthis-the-group-that-just-toppled-yemens-government/|agency=The Washington Post|title=Who are the Houthis, the group that just toppled Yemen's government?|date=22 January 2015|access-date=9 April 2015|first=Adam|last=Taylor|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327093251/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/01/22/who-are-the-houthis-the-group-that-just-toppled-yemens-government/|archive-date=27 March 2015}}</ref>

Then during the early stages of the Yemeni Revolution in 2011, Houthi leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi declared the group's support for demonstrations calling for the resignation of President Ali Abdullah Saleh.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/02/21/yemen.protests/|agency=CNN|title=Yemen's president compares protests to 'influenza'|date=21 February 2011|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422191554/http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/02/21/yemen.protests/|archive-date=22 April 2015}}</ref> Later that year, as Saleh prepared to leave office, the Houthis laid siege to the [[Religion:Wahhabism|Salafi]]-majority village of Dammaj in northern Yemen, a step toward attaining virtual autonomy for Sa'dah.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/2199|agency=Al-Akhbar|title=Post-Saleh Yemen: A Brewing Battle between Houthis and Salafis|date=5 December 2011|access-date=9 April 2015|first=Jamal|last=Jubran|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414181234/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/2199|archive-date=14 April 2015}}</ref>

The Houthis boycotted a single-candidate election in early 2012 meant to give Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi a two-year term of office.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-02-14/yemen-s-houthi-rebels-vow-to-boycott-presidential-elections|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525153234/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-02-14/yemen-s-houthi-rebels-vow-to-boycott-presidential-elections|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 May 2015|agency=Bloomberg L.P.|title=Yemen's Houthi Rebels Vow to Boycott Presidential Elections|first=Mohammed|last=Hatem|date=14 February 2012|access-date=9 April 2015}}</ref> They participated in a National Dialogue Conference, but withheld support from a final accord in early 2014 that extended Hadi's mandate in office for another year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1749/news/3391/Houthis-throw-a-wrench-in-NDC-final-document.htm|agency=Yemen Times|title=HOUTHIS THROW A WRENCH IN NDC FINAL DOCUMENT|first=Mohammed|last=Al-Hassani|date=23 January 2014|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421013125/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1749/news/3391/Houthis-throw-a-wrench-in-NDC-final-document.htm|archive-date=21 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="cabinetandhadi">{{cite news|url=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1853/news/4830/Cabinet-and-Hadi-resign.htm|agency=Yemen Times|title=CABINET AND HADI RESIGN|date=22 January 2015|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421001911/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1853/news/4830/Cabinet-and-Hadi-resign.htm|archive-date=21 April 2015}}</ref>

Conflict between the Houthis and Sunni tribes in northern Yemen spread to other governorates, including the Sanaa Governorate by mid-2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1813/report/4294/The-Houthis-From-a-local-group-to-a-national-power.htm|agency=Yemen Times|title=The Houthis: From a Local Group to a National Power|first=Ali Ibrahim|last=Al-Moshki|date=4 September 2014|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402051539/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1813/report/4294/The-Houthis-From-a-local-group-to-a-national-power.htm|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

===Allegations of outside support===
In April 2015, United States National Security Council spokeswoman Bernadette Meehan stated that: "It remains our assessment that Iran does not exert command and control over the Houthis in Yemen".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/20/iran-houthis-yemen_n_7101456.html|title=Iran Warned Houthis Against Yemen Takeover|last1=Watkins|first1=Ali|date=2015-04-20|work=Huffington Post|access-date=2017-11-06|last2=Grim|first2=Ryan|last3=Ahmed|first3=Akbar Shahid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106102525/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/20/iran-houthis-yemen_n_7101456.html|archive-date=6 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6P1DAAAQBAJ&q=%22It+remains+our+assessment+that+Iran+does+not+exert+command+and+control+over+the+Houthis+in+Yemen%22&pg=PT416|title=Shadow Wars: The Secret Struggle for the Middle East|last=Davidson|first=Christopher|date=2016-10-06|publisher=Oneworld Publications|isbn=9781786070029|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015837/https://books.google.se/books?id=D6P1DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT416&lpg=PT416&dq=%22It+remains+our+assessment+that+Iran+does+not+exert+command+and+control+over+the+Houthis+in+Yemen%22&source=bl&ots=8BmxnXNd-2&sig=JrbrhY0mAU25tPsiNPrqEngWxMY&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7hPK5g6rXAhXhNpoKHUt1CU8Q6AEIQzAD#v=onepage&q=%22It%20remains%20our%20assessment%20that%20Iran%20does%20not%20exert%20command%20and%20control%20over%20the%20Houthis%20in%20Yemen%22&f=false|archive-date=7 November 2017}}</ref>

The Houthis have long been accused of being proxies for [[Religion:Iran|Iran]], since they both follow [[Religion:Shia Islam|Shia Islam]] (although the Iranians are [[Religion:Twelver|Twelve-Imam]] Shias and the Houthis are Zaidi Shia). The {{wipe|United States}} and Saudi Arabia have alleged that the Houthis receive weapons and training from Iran.<ref name="warns">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32229316|agency=BBC News|title=Yemen crisis: Kerry warns Iran over Houthi rebel 'support'|date=9 April 2015|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410053046/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32229316|archive-date=10 April 2015}}</ref> While the Houthis and the Iranian government have denied any military affiliation,<ref name="crucial">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-houthis-iran-insight-idUSKBN0JT17A20141215|work=Reuters|title=Iranian support seen crucial for Yemen's Houthis|date=15 December 2014|access-date=19 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202145704/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/15/us-yemen-houthis-iran-insight-idUSKBN0JT17A20141215|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref> Iranian supreme leader Ali Khamenei openly announced his "spiritual" support of the movement in a personal meeting with the Houthi spokesperson Mohammed Abdul Salam in [[Place:Tehran|Tehran]], in the midst of ongoing conflicts in Aden in 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fa.euronews.com/2019/08/13/iran-s-khamenei-backs-yemen-s-houthi-movement-yemen|agency=Euronews |language=fa |script-title=fa:خامنه‌ای خطاب به رهبران حوثی: در برابر عربستان و امارات بایستید|date=14 August 2019|access-date=21 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-iran/irans-khamenei-backs-yemens-houthi-movement-calls-for-dialogue-idUSKCN1V31W3|work=Reuters|title=Iran's Khamenei backs Yemen's Houthi movement, calls for dialogue|date=13 August 2019|access-date=21 September 2019}}</ref> Also, IRGC commander Nasser Shabani was quoted by the Fars News Agency, the semi-official news agency of the Iranian government, as saying, "We (IRGC) told Yemenis [Houthi rebels] to strike two Saudi oil tankers, and they did it," on 7 August 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/iran/a-44987962|agency=Deutschewelle |language=fa |script-title=fa:سردار شعبانی: حوثی‌ها به خواست ما دو نفتکش سعودی را زدند|date=8 August 2018|access-date=21 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/us-iran-sepah/4517014.html|agency=VOA |language=fa |script-title=fa:اشاره یک فرمانده سپاه پاسداران به هدایت نیروهای شورشی یمن علیه عربستان؛ گفتیم و نفتکش را زدند|date=13 August 2019|access-date=21 September 2019}}</ref> The [[Earth:Africa|Africa]]n nation of Eritrea has also been accused of funneling Iranian materiel to the Houthis,<ref name="tjotw">{{cite news|url=http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/182683/eritrea-denies-channeling-iranian-support-to-houthis.html|agency=The Journal of Turkish Weekly|title=Eritrea denies channeling Iranian support to Houthis|date=1 April 2015|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403214756/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/182683/eritrea-denies-channeling-iranian-support-to-houthis.html|archive-date=3 April 2015}}</ref> as well as offering medical care for injured Houthi fighters.<ref name="alarm">{{cite news|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/haber/152737/houthi-rise-in-yemen-raises-alarm-in-horn-of-africa|date=12 January 2015|access-date=9 April 2015|title=Houthi rise in Yemen raises alarm in Horn of Africa|agency=World Bulletin|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120231208/http://www.worldbulletin.net/haber/152737/houthi-rise-in-yemen-raises-alarm-in-horn-of-africa|archive-date=20 January 2015}}</ref> The Eritrean government has called the allegations "groundless" and said after the outbreak of open hostilities that it views the Yemeni crisis "as an internal matter".<ref name="tjotw" /> According to a secret {{wipe|United Nations}} document, North Korea had aided the Houthis by selling weapons.<ref name="North Korean weapons aid">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/05/asia/north-korea-nuclear-sanctions-prep-intl/index.html|date=5 February 2019|access-date=5 February 2019|title=North Korea is hiding nukes and selling weapons, alleges confidential UN report|agency=CNN|quote="The summary also accuses North Korea of violating a UN arms embargo and supplying small arms, light weapons and other military equipment to Libya, Sudan, and Houthi rebels in Yemen, through foreign intermediaries."}}</ref><ref name="North Korean aid">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-sanctions-un/north-korea-has-not-stopped-nuclear-missile-program-confidential-un-report-idUSKBN1KP026|publisher=Reuters|title=North Korea has not stopped nuclear, missile program: confidential U.N. report|quote="The U.N report said North Korea is cooperating militarily with Syria and has been trying to sell weapons to Yemen's Houthis."|date=3 August 2018|access-date=6 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206145649/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-sanctions-un/north-korea-has-not-stopped-nuclear-missile-program-confidential-un-report-idUSKBN1KP026|archive-date=6 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Yemeni government meanwhile has enjoyed significant international backing from the United States and Persian Gulf monarchies. U.S. drone strikes were conducted regularly in Yemen during Hadi's presidency in [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]], usually targeting Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/aug/6/al-qaeda-on-rise-despite-us-support-to-yemen/|agency=The Washington Times|title=Al Qaeda on rise despite U.S. support to Yemen|first=Kristina|last=Wong|date=6 August 2013|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417022132/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/aug/6/al-qaeda-on-rise-despite-us-support-to-yemen/|archive-date=17 April 2015}}</ref> The United States was also a major supplier of weapons to the Yemeni government, although according to the Pentagon, hundreds of millions of {{wipe|United States dollar}}' worth of that material has gone missing since it was delivered.<ref name="loses">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/pentagon-loses-sight-of-500-million-in-counterterrorism-aid-given-to-yemen/2015/03/17/f4ca25ce-cbf9-11e4-8a46-b1dc9be5a8ff_story.html|agency=The Washington Post|title=Pentagon loses track of $500 million in weapons, equipment given to Yemen|date=17 March 2015|access-date=9 April 2015|first=Craig|last=Whitlock|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409172633/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/pentagon-loses-sight-of-500-million-in-counterterrorism-aid-given-to-yemen/2015/03/17/f4ca25ce-cbf9-11e4-8a46-b1dc9be5a8ff_story.html|archive-date=9 April 2015}}</ref> Saudi Arabia provided financial aid to Yemen until late 2014, when it suspended it amid the Houthis' takeover of Sanaʽa and increasing influence over the Yemeni government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-saudi-aid-idUSKCN0JI10V20141204|work=Reuters|title=Exclusive: Saudi suspends aid to Yemen after Houthi takeover – sources|date=12 December 2014|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416072820/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/04/us-yemen-saudi-aid-idUSKCN0JI10V20141204|archive-date=16 April 2015}}</ref> According to Amnesty International, the {{wipe|United Kingdom}} also supplied weaponry used by Saudi-led coalition to strike targets in Yemen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/08/yemens-horror-exposes-the-deadly-hypocrisy-of-arms-exporters-including-britain-and-the-u/|title=Yemen's horror exposes the deadly hypocrisy of arms exporters like the UK and the USA|website=www.amnesty.org|access-date=2017-12-09}}</ref> Amnesty International also says that U.S.-based [[Company:Raytheon|Raytheon Company]] supplied a laser-guided bomb that killed six civilians on June 28, 2019.<ref>{{citation|website=Amnesty International|title=Yemen: US-made bomb used in deadly air strike on civilians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/09/yemen-us-made-bomb-used-in-deadly-air-strike-on-civilians/|access-date=Sep 25, 2019}}</ref>

An August 2020 report by the Office of Inspector General detailed that the State Secretary Mike Pompeo complied with the legal prerequisites while declaring an emergency for the sale of arms worth billions of dollars to Gulf allies like, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]]. The report, however, also noted that the possible threat to the lives of the civilians caught in the crossfire wasn't assessed properly at the time of the emergency. The State Department was also accused in the report for violating the threshold of the AECA while approving arms sale to Gulf states.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stateoig.gov/system/files/isp-i-20-19.pdf|title=Review of the Department of State's Role in Arms Transfers to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates|access-date=11 August 2020|website=Office of Inspector General}}</ref>

==Timeline==

===Conflict begins===
After several weeks of street protests against the Hadi administration, which made cuts to fuel subsidies that were unpopular with the group, the Houthis fought the Yemen Army forces under the command of General Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar. In a battle that lasted only a few days, Houthi fighters seized control of [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]], the Yemeni capital, in '''September 2014'''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/in-depth/features/yemenis-are-shocked-houthi-s-quick-capture-sanaa-690971750|agency=Middle East Eye|title=Yemenis are shocked by Houthis' quick capture of Sana'a|date=September 2014|access-date=9 April 2015|first=Saeed|last=Al-Batati|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404114113/http://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/in-depth/features/yemenis-are-shocked-houthi-s-quick-capture-sanaa-690971750|archive-date=4 April 2015}}</ref> The Houthis forced Hadi to negotiate an agreement to end the violence, in which the government resigned and the Houthis gained an unprecedented level of influence over state institutions and politics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/09/21/Clashes-in-Yemeni-capital-cast-doubt-on-deal-signing.html|agency=Al Arabiya|title=Houthis sign deal with Sanaa to end Yemen crisis|date=21 September 2014|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211052306/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/09/21/Clashes-in-Yemeni-capital-cast-doubt-on-deal-signing.html|archive-date=11 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0HG04T20140921|work=Reuters|title=Houthi rebels sign deal with Yemen parties to form new government|date=21 September 2014|access-date=9 April 2015|first=Mohammed|last=Ghobari|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411093816/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/21/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0HG04T20140921|archive-date=11 April 2015}}</ref>

In January 2015, unhappy with a [[Social:Federalization of Yemen|proposal to split the country into six federal regions]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21640384-houthi-rebels-carry-out-coup-all-name-held-hostage|agency=The Economist|title=Held hostage|date=24 January 2015|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411052118/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21640384-houthi-rebels-carry-out-coup-all-name-held-hostage|archive-date=11 April 2015}}</ref> Houthi fighters seized the presidential compound in Sanaʽa. The power play prompted the resignation of President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi and his ministers.<ref name="cabinetandhadi" /><ref name="shifting">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/26/world/middleeast/yemeni-parliament-cancels-meeting-on-presidents-resignation.html?_r=0|author=Mona El-naggar|title=Shifting Alliances Play Out Behind Closed Doors in Yemen|date=25 January 2015|website=New York Times|access-date=15 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211121254/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/26/world/middleeast/yemeni-parliament-cancels-meeting-on-presidents-resignation.html?_r=0|archive-date=11 February 2015}}</ref> The Houthi political leadership then announced the dissolution of parliament and the formation of a Revolutionary Committee to govern the country on 6 February 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-crisis-idUSKBN0LA1NT20150207|work=Reuters|title=Yemen's Houthis dissolve parliament, assume power: televised statement|date=6 February 2015|access-date=9 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208030936/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/07/us-yemen-crisis-idUSKBN0LA1NT20150207|archive-date=8 February 2015}}</ref>

On 21 February, one month after Houthi militants confined Hadi to his residence in Sanaʽa, he slipped out of the capital and traveled to [[Place:Aden|Aden]]. In a televised address from his hometown, he declared that the Houthi takeover was illegitimate and indicated he remained the constitutional president of Yemen.<ref name="plans">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/21/world/yemen-unrest/index.html|publisher=CNN|title=Yemen's Hadi flees house arrest, plans to withdraw resignation|date=21 February 2015|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221210209/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/21/world/yemen-unrest/index.html|archive-date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="unconst">{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/yemen-leader-hadi-leaves-sanaa-weeks-house-arrest-150221090018174.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|title=Yemen's Hadi says Houthis' decisions unconstitutional|date=21 February 2015|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222035231/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/yemen-leader-hadi-leaves-sanaa-weeks-house-arrest-150221090018174.html|archive-date=22 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="malay">{{cite news|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/World/2015/02/22/Yemens-ousted-president-Hadi-calls-for-Houthis-to-quit-capital/|work=The Star|title=Yemen's ousted president Hadi calls for Houthis to quit capital|date=22 February 2015|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221222938/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/World/2015/02/22/Yemens-ousted-president-Hadi-calls-for-Houthis-to-quit-capital/|archive-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> His predecessor as president, Ali Abdullah Saleh—who had been widely suspected of aiding the Houthis during their takeover of Sanaʽa the previous year—publicly denounced Hadi and called on him to go into exile.<ref name="exile">{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/03/yemen-leader-asks-president-hadi-exile-150310134751759.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|title=Ex-Yemen leader asks President Hadi to go into exile|date=10 March 2015|access-date=11 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313041434/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/03/yemen-leader-asks-president-hadi-exile-150310134751759.html|archive-date=13 March 2015}}</ref>

On '''19 March 2015''', the troops loyal to Hadi clashed with those who refused to recognize his authority in the Battle of Aden Airport. The forces under General Abdul-Hafez al-Saqqaf were defeated, and al-Saqqaf fled toward Sanaʽa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.arabstoday.net/news/interview/yemen-anti-hadi-officer-escapes-assassination.html|agency=Arab Today|title=Yemen anti-Hadi officer 'escapes assassination'|date=20 March 2015|access-date=31 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402151831/http://en.arabstoday.net/news/interview/yemen-anti-hadi-officer-escapes-assassination.html|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> In apparent retaliation for the routing of al-Saqqaf, warplanes reportedly flown by Houthi pilots bombed Hadi's compound in Aden.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/19/aden-presidential-palace-bombed_n_6901722.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320052459/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/19/aden-presidential-palace-bombed_n_6901722.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 March 2015|agency=The Huffington Post|title=Warplanes Bomb Presidential Palace In Yemen's Aden|date=19 March 2015|access-date=31 March 2015|first=Hamza|last=Hendawi}}</ref>

After '''20 March 2015''' Sanaa mosque bombings, in a televised speech, Abdul-Malik al-Houthi, the leader of the Houthis, said his group's decision to mobilize for war was "imperative" under current circumstances and that Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and its affiliates—among whom he counts Hadi—would be targeted, as opposed to southern Yemen and its citizens.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1870/news/4994/Southerners-prepare-for-Houthi-invasion.htm|title=SOUTHERNERS PREPARE FOR HOUTHI INVASION|first=Khalid|last=Al-Karimi|date=23 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|agency=Yemen Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325014514/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1870/news/4994/Southerners-prepare-for-Houthi-invasion.htm|archive-date=25 March 2015}}</ref> President Hadi declared Aden to be Yemen's temporary capital while Sanaʽa remained under Houthi control.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-beleaguered-hadi-says-aden-yemen-capital-2015-3|agency=Business Insider|title=Beleaguered Hadi says Aden Yemen 'capital'|date=7 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Tejas|first=Aditya|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/yemeni-president-abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-flees-aden-houthis-advance-1858514|title=Yemeni President Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi Flees Aden as Houthis Advance|date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191254/http://www.ibtimes.com/yemeni-president-abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-flees-aden-houthis-advance-1858514|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>

Also, the same day as the mosque bombings, al-Qaeda militants captured the provincial capital of Lahij, Al Houta District after killing about 20 soldiers before being driven out several hours later.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/21/yemen-mosque-bombings-enemies-of-life-president-abedrabbo-mansour-hadi-houthi-isis-al-qaida|title=Yemen mosque bombings 'could only be done by the enemies of life' – president|work=the Guardian|date=21 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705180652/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/21/yemen-mosque-bombings-enemies-of-life-president-abedrabbo-mansour-hadi-houthi-isis-al-qaida|archive-date=5 July 2016}}</ref>

====Political developments====
Hadi reiterated in a speech on '''21 March 2015''' that he was the legitimate president of Yemen and declared, "We will restore security to the country and hoist the flag of Yemen in Sanaʽa, instead of the Iranian flag."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-fighting-idUSKBN0MH0F820150322|work=Reuters|title=Yemeni president demands Houthis quit Sanaa; U.S. evacuates remaining forces|date=22 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325020927/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/22/us-yemen-security-fighting-idUSKBN0MH0F820150322|archive-date=25 March 2015}}</ref> He also declared Aden to be Yemen's "economic and temporary capital" due to the Houthi occupation of Sanaʽa, which he pledged would be retaken.<ref name="capital">{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.de/yemens-president-hadi-declares-new-temporary-capital/a-18332197|publisher=Deutsche Welle|title=Yemen's President Hadi declares new 'temporary capital'|date=21 March 2015|access-date=21 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000727/http://www.dw.de/yemens-president-hadi-declares-new-temporary-capital/a-18332197|archive-date=23 March 2015}}</ref>

In [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]], the Houthi Revolutionary Committee appointed Major General Hussein Khairan as Yemen's new Defence Minister and placed him in overall command of the military offensive.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1870/news/4993/Houthis-appoint-new-defense-minister.htm|agency=The Yemen Times|title=HOUTHIS APPOINT NEW DEFENSE MINISTER|first=Fareed|last=Al-Homaid|date=23 March 2015|access-date=31 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112612/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1870/news/4993/Houthis-appoint-new-defense-minister.htm|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-22/yemen-rebels-send-tanks-south-as-conflict-escalates|date=22 March 2015|access-date=31 March 2015|title=Rebel Fighters Advance Into Yemen's Third-Largest City|agency=Bloomberg L.P.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131014/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-22/yemen-rebels-send-tanks-south-as-conflict-escalates|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

===Control of Taiz===
On '''22 March 2015''', Houthi forces backed by troops loyal to Saleh entered Taiz, Yemen's third-largest city, and quickly took over its key points. They encountered little resistance, although one protester was shot dead and five were injured.<ref name="rfi">{{cite news|url = http://www.rfi.fr/moyen-orient/20150322-yemen-milices-houthis-pression-president-mansour-hadi-taez/|agency = RFI|language = fr|title = Yémen: les milices houthis prennent le contrôle de l'aéroport de Taëz|date = 22 March 2015|access-date = 25 March 2015|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150324153718/http://www.rfi.fr/moyen-orient/20150322-yemen-milices-houthis-pression-president-mansour-hadi-taez/|archive-date = 24 March 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="rebelles" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/22/houthi-yemen-fighting_n_6918306.html|agency=The Huffington Post|title=Houthis Seize Strategic City In Yemen, Escalating Power Struggle|date=22 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324223535/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/22/houthi-yemen-fighting_n_6918306.html|archive-date=24 March 2015}}</ref> Western media outlets began to suggest Yemen was sliding into civil war as the Houthis from the north confronted holdouts in the south.<ref name="ftqa">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/faa645dc-d0b2-11e4-982a-00144feab7de.html|agency=Financial Times|title=Q&A: Yemen's slide into civil war|date=22 March 2015|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/envoy-yemen-brink-civil-war-150322212545073.html|agency=Al Jazeera|title=UN envoy: Yemen on brink of civil war|date=23 March 2015|access-date=10 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414030951/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/envoy-yemen-brink-civil-war-150322212545073.html|archive-date=14 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/25/yemen-edges-towards-all-out-civil-war-as-rebels-advance-on-city-of-aden|agency=The Guardian|title=Yemen edges towards all-out civil war as rebels advance on city of Aden|date=25 March 2015|access-date=10 April 2015|first=Kareem|last=Shaheen|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408080854/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/25/yemen-edges-towards-all-out-civil-war-as-rebels-advance-on-city-of-aden|archive-date=8 April 2015}}</ref>

On '''14 December 2015''', the pro-Saleh Yemeni Army and Houthi militants carried out a strike with a [[Engineering:OTR-21 Tochka|Tochka ballistic missile]] against a military camp that was being used by troops of the Saudi-led coalition, south-west of the city of Taiz.

====Western Yemen advance====
On '''23 March 2015''', Houthi forces advanced towards the strategic Bab-el-Mandeb strait, a vital corridor through which much of the world's maritime trade passes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/world/yemens-houthi-rebels-move-on-strategic-gulf-waterway|title=Yemen's Houthi rebels move on strategic Gulf waterway|date=23 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|agency=The National|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324155305/http://www.thenational.ae/world/yemens-houthi-rebels-move-on-strategic-gulf-waterway|archive-date=24 March 2015}}</ref> The next day, fighters from the group reportedly entered the port of Mocha.<ref>{{cite news|title=Yemen's Ansarullah fighters enter port of Mocha, two towns in south|agency=Iran Daily|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/News/114322.html?catid=3&title%3DYemen-s-Ansarullah-fighters-enter-port-of-Mocha--two-towns-in-south|date=24 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162052/http://www.iran-daily.com/News/114322.html?catid=3&title=Yemen-s-Ansarullah-fighters-enter-port-of-Mocha--two-towns-in-south|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20150325238084 |agency=Saudi Gazette |title=Key waterway under threat as Houthi militiamen advance |access-date=25 March 2015 |date=24 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133812/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20150325238084 |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref>

On '''31 March 2015''', Houthi fighters entered a coastal military base on the strait after the 17th Armoured Division of the Yemen Army opened the gates and turned over weapons to them.<ref name="rages">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-31/yemen-rebels-seize-base-near-shipping-lane-as-saudis-target-aden|agency=Bloomberg L.P.|title=Saudi Coalition Hits Houthi Stronghold as Aden Battle Rages|date=31 March 2015|access-date=1 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402170548/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-31/yemen-rebels-seize-base-near-shipping-lane-as-saudis-target-aden|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

On '''2 April 2015''', Mahamoud Ali Youssouf, the foreign minister of Djibouti, said the Houthis placed heavy weapons and fast attack boats on [[Earth:Perim|Perim]] and a smaller island in the Bab-el-Mandeb strait. He warned that the weapons posed "a big danger" to his country, commercial shipping traffic, and military vessels.<ref name="youssouf">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-02/yemeni-rebels-strengthen-positions-in-key-strait-djibouti-says|agency=Bloomberg L.P.|first=Paul|last=Richardson|date=2 April 2015|access-date=2 April 2015|title=Yemeni Rebels Strengthen Positions at Entrance to Red Sea|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403070312/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-02/yemeni-rebels-strengthen-positions-in-key-strait-djibouti-says|archive-date=3 April 2015}}</ref>

===Southern offensive===
====Battle of Dhale====
On '''24 March 2015''', Houthi forces seized administrative buildings in Dhale (or Dali) amid heavy fighting, bringing them closer to Aden.<ref name="romandie">{{cite news|url=http://www.romandie.com/news/Les-forces-hostiles-au-president-resserrent-l039etau/577912.rom|title=Les forces hostiles au président resserrent l'étau sur Aden|agency=Romandie|date=24 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015|language=fr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326221515/http://www.romandie.com/news/Les-forces-hostiles-au-president-resserrent-l039etau/577912.rom|archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> However, Houthi fighters were swiftly dislodged from Ad Dali' and Kirsh by Hadi-loyal forces.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hadi forces check Houthi push towards Yemen's Aden|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0MK16O20150324|date=24 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324165211/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/24/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0MK16O20150324|archive-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>

Fighting over Dhale continued even as the Houthis advanced further south and east. On '''31 March 2015''', Hadi loyalists clashed with the Houthis and army units loyal to Saleh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0MR0HE20150331|work=Reuters|title=Heavy clashes on Saudi-Yemeni border; Hadi government pleads for troops|date=31 March 2015|access-date=31 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331070107/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/31/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0MR0HE20150331|archive-date=31 March 2015}}</ref>

On '''1 April 2015''', a pro-Houthi army brigade was said to have "disintegrated" after being pummeled by coalition warplanes in Ad Dali. The commander of the 33rd Brigade reportedly fled, and groups of pro-Houthi troops withdrew to the north.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/157273/pro-houthi-brigade-disintegrates-in-yemens-ad-dali|agency=World Bulletin|title=Pro-Houthi brigade disintegrates in Yemen's Ad Dali|date=1 April 2015|access-date=1 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101354/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/157273/pro-houthi-brigade-disintegrates-in-yemens-ad-dali|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Three F-15C Saudi from 13 Squadron.jpg|thumb|Three Saudi F-15Cs from 13th Squadron]]
The city reportedly fell into pro-government hands by the end of May.<ref>{{cite news|work=The Record|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/yemen-s-pro-government-forces-retake-city-from-shite-rebels-1.1342386|title=Yemen's pro-government forces retake city from Shite rebels|date=26 May 2015|access-date=29 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529204452/http://www.northjersey.com/news/yemen-s-pro-government-forces-retake-city-from-shite-rebels-1.1342386|archive-date=29 May 2015}}</ref>

====Fighting in Lahij====
On '''24 March 2015''', in the Lahij Governorate, heavy fighting erupted between Houthis and pro-Hadi fighters.<ref name="romandie" /> The next day, Al Anad Air Base, 60 kilometers from Aden, was captured by the Houthis and their allies. The base had recently been abandoned by {{wipe|United States of America}} USSOCOM troops.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lorientlejour.com/article/917483/yemen-les-forces-hostiles-au-president-semparent-dune-base-proche-daden-militaire.html|title=Yémen : les forces hostiles au président s'emparent d'une base proche d'Aden (militaire)|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|work=L'Orient Le Jour|language=fr|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402182326/http://www.lorientlejour.com/article/917483/yemen-les-forces-hostiles-au-president-semparent-dune-base-proche-daden-militaire.html|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/26/world/middleeast/al-anad-air-base-houthis-yemen.html?_r=0|title=Yemen Air Base Formerly Used by U.S. Forces Is Seized by Houthi Rebels|date=25 March 2015|access-date=26 March 2015|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328003402/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/26/world/middleeast/al-anad-air-base-houthis-yemen.html?_r=0|archive-date=28 March 2015}}</ref> Defense Minister Mahmoud al-Subaihi, one of Hadi's top lieutenants, was captured by the Houthis in Al Houta and transferred to Sanaʽa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1871/news/4999/Al-Subaihi-captured-and-Lahj-falls-as-Houthis-move-on-Aden.htm|work=Yemen Times|title=AL-SUBAIHI CAPTURED AND LAHJ FALLS AS HOUTHIS MOVE ON ADEN|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326092326/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1871/news/4999/Al-Subaihi-captured-and-Lahj-falls-as-Houthis-move-on-Aden.htm|archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="nbcnews.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/yemens-president-hadi-flees-houthi-rebel-advance-aden-ap-n329761|title=Yemen's President Hadi Flees Houthi Rebel Advance on Aden: AP|agency=nbcnews|date=25 March 2015|access-date=26 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326015915/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/yemens-president-hadi-flees-houthi-rebel-advance-aden-ap-n329761|archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> Houthi fighters also advanced to Dar Saad, a small town, 20&nbsp;km north of Aden.<ref>{{cite news|work=L'Orient Le Jour|url=http://www.lorientlejour.com/article/917540/des-tirs-signales-a-aden-les-houthis-a-20-km.html|title=Des tirs signalés à Aden, les Houthis à 20 km|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|language=fr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112853/http://www.lorientlejour.com/article/917540/des-tirs-signales-a-aden-les-houthis-a-20-km.html|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

On '''26 March 2015''', after clashes erupted in Aden, Hadi loyalists counterattacked as a Saudi-led military intervention got underway. Artillery shelled Al Anad Air Base, forcing some of its Houthi occupants to flee the area.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Yemen-presidents-forces-shell-Houthi-held-al-Anad-base-near-Aden-some-Houthis-flee-395155|work=The Jerusalem Post|title=Yemen president's forces shell Houthi-held al-Anad base near Aden, some Houthis flee|date=26 March 2015|access-date=26 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326084635/http://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Yemen-presidents-forces-shell-Houthi-held-al-Anad-base-near-Aden-some-Houthis-flee-395155|archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> Saudi airstrikes also hit Al Anad.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/article16355684.html |work=Miami Herald |title=Saudi airstrikes target rebel bases in Yemen |date=26 March 2015 |access-date=26 March 2015 |first=Ahmed |last=Al-Haj |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162022/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/article16355684.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> Despite the airstrikes, the southern offensive continued.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0ML0YC20150327 |work=Reuters|title=Saudi-led campaign strikes Yemen's Sanaa, Morocco joins alliance|first=Mohammed|last=Mukhashaf|date=27 March 2015|access-date=27 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327061928/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/27/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0ML0YC20150327|archive-date=27 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-idUKL6N0WT2R220150328|title=WRAPUP 6-Yemen Houthi rebels advance despite Saudi-led air strikes|work=Reuters UK|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022201943/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/03/28/yemen-security-idUKL6N0WT2R220150328|archive-date=22 October 2015}}</ref>

===Fighting reaches Aden===
[[File:Battle of Aden 2015 (Houthi attack).svg|left|thumb|204x204px|Houthi offensive on Aden]]
[[File:Battle of Aden 2015 (Hadi attack).svg|left|thumb|204x204px|Pro-government counteroffensive]]
In Aden, military officials said militias and military units loyal to Hadi had "fragmented" by 25 March, speeding the Houthi advance. They said the Houthis were fighting Hadi's troops on five different fronts.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Mar-25/292101-yemens-president-hadi-has-fled-aden-home-as-houthi-rebels-close-in-officials.ashx|title=Yemen's Houthis close in on Aden|agency=The Daily Star|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326014024/http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Mar-25/292101-yemens-president-hadi-has-fled-aden-home-as-houthi-rebels-close-in-officials.ashx|archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> Aden International Airport suspended all flights.<ref>{{cite news|language=fr|url=http://www.lorientlejour.com/article/917523/yemen-fermeture-de-laeroport-daden-pour-des-raisons-de-securite-source-aeropotuaire.html|title=Yémen : fermeture de l'aéroport d'Aden pour des raisons de sécurité (source aéropotuaire)|agency=L'Orient Le Jour|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142814/http://www.lorientlejour.com/article/917523/yemen-fermeture-de-laeroport-daden-pour-des-raisons-de-securite-source-aeropotuaire.html|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Fighting reached Aden's outskirts on '''25 March 2015''', with pro-Saleh soldiers taking over Aden International Airport and clashes erupting at an army base.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Le Figaro|language=fr|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2015/03/25/97001-20150325FILWWW00332-l-aeroport-d-aden-aux-mains-des-milices-chiites.php|title=L'aéroport d'Aden aux mains des milices chiites|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326005500/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2015/03/25/97001-20150325FILWWW00332-l-aeroport-d-aden-aux-mains-des-milices-chiites.php|archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="closein">{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-idUKKBN0ML0YM20150325|first=Sami|last=Aboudi|title=Allies of Yemen Houthis seize Aden airport, close in on president|work=Reuters|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326032258/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/03/25/uk-yemen-security-idUKKBN0ML0YM20150325|archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> Hadi reportedly fled his "temporary capital" by boat as the unrest worsened.<ref name="nbcnews.com" /> On '''26 March 2015''', he resurfaced in the Saudi capital, [[Place:Riyadh|Riyadh]], where he arrived by plane and was met by Saudi Prince Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com" />

Over the following days, Houthi and allied army forces encircled Aden<ref>{{cite news|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-seaboard-idUSKBN0MN21620150327|title=Yemen Houthi forces gain first foothold on Arabian Sea – residents|date=27 March 2015|access-date=27 March 2015|first=Noah|last=Browning|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328063953/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/27/us-yemen-security-seaboard-idUSKBN0MN21620150327|archive-date=28 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/saudi-arabia-evacuates-diplomats-as-attacks-intensify-in-yemen/2015/03/28/627dc24a-d4d0-11e4-8b1e-274d670aa9c9_story.html|agency=The Washington Post|title=Saudi Arabia evacuates diplomats as attacks intensify in Yemen|date=28 March 2015|access-date=28 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328174107/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/saudi-arabia-evacuates-diplomats-as-attacks-intensify-in-yemen/2015/03/28/627dc24a-d4d0-11e4-8b1e-274d670aa9c9_story.html|archive-date=28 March 2015}}</ref> and hemmed in Hadi's holdouts, although they encountered fierce resistance from the embattled president's loyalists and armed city residents. They began pressing into the city center on '''29 March 2015''' despite coalition air strikes and shelling from Egyptian Navy warships offshore.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/clashes-continue-yemens-aden-saudis-vow-continue-airstrikes-1237969720|publisher=middleeasteye|title=Clashes continue in Yemen's Aden as Saudis vow to push on with airstrikes|date=30 March 2015|access-date=30 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133908/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/clashes-continue-yemens-aden-saudis-vow-continue-airstrikes-1237969720|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

On '''2 April 2015''', the compound that has been used as a temporary presidential palace was taken by the Houthis,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32157994|title=Yemen crisis: Rebels storm presidential palace in Aden|date=2 April 2015|access-date=2 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404213717/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32157994|archive-date=4 April 2015}}</ref> and fighting moved into the central Crater and Al Mualla districts.<ref name="fiercefighting">{{cite news|url=https://www.chron.com/news/world/article/Pakistan-says-Saudi-led-coalition-in-Yemen-wants-6180919.php |work=Houston Chronicle |title=Fierce fighting as rebels move on holdouts in Yemen's Aden |date=6 April 2015 |access-date=6 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406215725/http://www.chron.com/news/world/article/Pakistan-says-Saudi-led-coalition-in-Yemen-wants-6180919.php |archive-date=6 April 2015}}</ref>

A small contingent of foreign troops was reportedly deployed in Aden by early May, fighting alongside anti-Houthi militiamen in the city. Saudi Arabia denied the presence of ground troops,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/saudi-arabia-led-troops-in-limited-first-yemen-deployment/article1-1343666.aspx|work=Hindustan Times|title=Saudi Arabia-led troops in 'limited' first Yemen deployment|date=4 May 2015|access-date=4 May 2015|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503220227/http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/saudi-arabia-led-troops-in-limited-first-yemen-deployment/article1-1343666.aspx |archive-date=3 May 2015}}</ref> while Hadi's government claimed the troops were Yemeni special forces who had received training in the [[Organization:Gulf Cooperation Council|Persian Gulf]] and were redeployed to fight in Aden.<ref>{{cite news|first=Angus|last=McDowall|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-idUSL5N0XV1VI20150504|work=Reuters|title=Yemen's foreign minister: Aden troops were Gulf-trained locals|date=4 May 2015|access-date=4 May 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518051130/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/04/yemen-security-idUSL5N0XV1VI20150504|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Secretary Kerry Shakes Hands With Yemeni President Hadi Before Bilateral Meeting in Saudi Arabia (17212641020).jpg|thumb|President Hadi meets U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 7 May 2015]]

On '''21 July 2015,''' forces loyal to Hadi recaptured Aden with support from Saudi Arabia in Operation Golden Arrow after months of fighting. This allowed supplies to finally reach the port city giving civilians desperately-needed aid.

On '''22 July 2015,''' a Saudi military plane landed in Aden international airport filled with relief aid. Also, a UN ship docked in Aden carrying much-needed relief supplies, the first UN vessel to reach the city in four months. Another ship sent by the UAE also delivered medical aid. On '''21 July 2015''', a UAE technical team had arrived to repair the tower and passenger terminal at Aden international airport, heavily damaged in clashes. On '''24 July 2015''', a military plane from the UAE arrived filled with relief aid.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/230720152|title=Saudi-backed Yemeni troops and fighters control Aden|work=Rudaw|access-date=25 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022201906/http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/230720152|archive-date=22 October 2015}}</ref>

On '''4 August 2015''', Houthi forces were pushed back from the Al-Anad airbase, by Pro-Hadi forces.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-33778116|agency=BBC|title=Yemen war: Does capture of air base mark a turning point?|date=4 August 2015|access-date=12 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806162507/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-33778116|archive-date=6 August 2015}}</ref>

On '''17 October 2015''', Saudi Arabia confirmed the arrival of Sudanese troops into Aden for the purpose of bolstering the Saudi-led coalition.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Sudan Tribune|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article56758|title=Saudi Arabia confirms arrival of Sudanese troops to Yemen|date=17 October 2015|access-date=20 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019123007/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article56758|archive-date=19 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Sudan Tribune|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article56779|title=Sudan to send 10,000 troops to join Arab forces in Yemen: report|date=19 October 2015|access-date=20 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021023918/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article56779|archive-date=21 October 2015}}</ref>

In January 2016, new conflict began in Aden, with ISIL and AQAP controlling neighborhoods in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2016/Feb-22/338534-yemen-army-commander-shot-dead-in-aden.ashx|title=Yemen army commander shot dead in Aden|work=The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308050359/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2016/Feb-22/338534-yemen-army-commander-shot-dead-in-aden.ashx|archive-date=8 March 2016}}</ref>

===Other campaigns===
====Abyan Governorate====
The Houthis racked up a series of victories in the Abyan Governorate east of Aden in the days following their entrance into Hadi's provisional capital, taking control of Shuqrah and Zinjibar on the coast and winning the allegiance of a local army brigade, but they also encountered resistance from both pro-Hadi army brigadiers and al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula militants.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1875/news/5041/Fighting-in-Abyan-governorate-continues-as-anti-Houthi-forces-advance.htm|agency=Yemen Times|title=FIGHTING IN ABYAN GOVERNORATE CONTINUES AS ANTI-HOUTHI FORCES ADVANCE|first=Ali Ibrahim|last=Al-Moshki|date=8 April 2015|access-date=8 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411003945/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1875/news/5041/Fighting-in-Abyan-governorate-continues-as-anti-Houthi-forces-advance.htm|archive-date=11 April 2015}}</ref> Zinjibar and Jaar were recaptured by AQAP on '''2 December 2015'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0TL0BQ20151202|title=Al Qaeda militants take over two south Yemen towns, residents say|author=Mohammed Mukhashaf|date=2 December 2015|work=Reuters|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308224500/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-iduskbn0tl0bq20151202|archive-date=8 March 2016}}</ref> In '''20 February 2016,''' the southern Abyan also captured by AQAP linked them with their headquarters in Mukalla.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/02/another-town-in-southern-yemen-reportedly-falls-to-aqap.php|title=Another town in southern Yemen reportedly falls to AQAP|work=The Long War Journal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306120134/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/02/another-town-in-southern-yemen-reportedly-falls-to-aqap.php|archive-date=6 March 2016}}</ref>

====Sanaʽa Governorate====
As of February 2016, pro-Hadi forces had managed to enter Sanaa Governorate by capturing the Nihm District killing dozens of Houthi fighters. They continued their advance, capturing some cities and villages.<ref name="middleeasteye.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-asks-un-move-aid-workers-away-rebel-held-areas-857537267|title=Saudi Arabia asks UN to move aid workers away from rebel-held areas|work=Middle East Eye|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305182756/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-asks-un-move-aid-workers-away-rebel-held-areas-857537267|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref>

On 31 January 2020, Houthi fighters recaptured the entire Sanaa Governorate including Nihm district from the Hadi Government.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://english.iswnews.com/12294/latest-updates-on-yemeni-fronts-in-the-period-march-2019-march-2020/|title=Latest updates on Yemeni fronts in the period March 2019– March 2020|website=IWN}}</ref>

====Hadhramaut Governorate====
Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula took control of Mukalla in the eastern Hadhramaut Governorate on '''2 April 2015''', driving out soldiers defending the city with mortar fire and springing some 300 inmates from prison, including a local al-Qaeda leader.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/04/world/middleeast/al-qaeda-al-mukalla-yemen.html?_r=0|agency=The New York Times|title=Affiliate of Al Qaeda Seizes Major Yemeni City, Driving Out the Military|date=3 April 2015|access-date=4 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408054356/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/04/world/middleeast/al-qaeda-al-mukalla-yemen.html?_r=0|archive-date=8 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/yemen-al-qaeda-frees-300-al-mukalla-prison-attack-1494697|agency=International Business Times|title=Yemen: Al-Qaeda frees 300 in al-Mukalla prison attack|date=2 April 2015|access-date=4 April 2015|first=Umberto|last=Bacchi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405043615/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/yemen-al-qaeda-frees-300-al-mukalla-prison-attack-1494697|archive-date=5 April 2015}}</ref>

Local tribal fighters aligned with Hadi surrounded and entered Mukalla on '''4 April 2015''', retaking parts of the city and clashing with both al-Qaeda militants and army troops.<ref name="overnight">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-airstrikes-idUSKBN0MW03D20150405|work=Reuters|title=Warplanes hit Yemen's Sanaa overnight, clashes in Mukalla: residents|date=5 April 2015|access-date=6 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405143339/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/05/us-yemen-security-airstrikes-idUSKBN0MW03D20150405|archive-date=5 April 2015}}</ref> Still, the militants remained in control of about half of the town. In addition, al-Qaeda fighters captured a border post with Saudi Arabia in an attack that killed two soldiers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-militants-idUSKBN0MY18F20150407|title=Suspected al Qaeda militants take Yemen border post with Saudi|newspaper=Reuters|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022202322/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/07/us-yemen-security-militants-idUSKBN0MY18F20150407|archive-date=22 October 2015|date=7 April 2015}}</ref>

On '''13 April 2015''', Southern militia said they took control of the army base loyal to the Houthis near Balhaf.<ref>{{cite news|author1=MOHAMED MUKASHAF|title=Egypt and Saudi Arabia discuss manoeuvres as Yemen battles rage|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/World/2015/04/15/Fighters-in-southern-Yemen-say-pushing-back-Houthis/|access-date=15 April 2015|publisher=Star Publications|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415042950/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/World/2015/04/15/Fighters-in-southern-Yemen-say-pushing-back-Houthis/|archive-date=15 April 2015}}</ref> Mukalla city was recaptured from AQAP in late April 2016, after UAE and Hadi loyalists troops entered the city, killing some 800 AQAP fighters.<ref name="longwarjournal1">{{cite web |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/04/arab-coalition-enters-aqap-stronghold-in-port-city-of-mukalla-yemen.php |title=Arab coalition enters AQAP stronghold in port city of Mukalla, Yemen |website=The Long War Journal |access-date=2016-06-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601050657/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/04/arab-coalition-enters-aqap-stronghold-in-port-city-of-mukalla-yemen.php |archive-date=1 June 2016  }}</ref>

On '''12 June 2015''', Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula leader Nasir al-Wuhayshi was killed in a US drone strike in Mukalla.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2015/06/15/middleeast/yemen-aqap-leader-killed/index.html |title=Top al Qaeda leader reported killed in Yemen|author=Dana Ford, CNN|date=15 June 2015|publisher=CNN|access-date=16 June 2015}}</ref>

====Lahij Governorate====
Although the Houthis took control of Lahij on the road to [[Place:Aden|Aden]], resistance continued in the Lahij Governorate. Ambushes and bombings struck Houthi supply lines to the Aden front, with a land mine killing a reported 25 Houthi fighters on their way to Aden on '''28 March 2015'''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://durdurnews.com/houthi-offensive-continues-in-yemen/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150409120938/http://durdurnews.com/houthi-offensive-continues-in-yemen/|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 April 2015|agency=Durdurnews|title=Houthi Offensive Continues in Yemen|date=29 March 2015|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref>

====Shabwah Governorate====
Fighting also centered on the Shabwa Province, in the oil-rich Usaylan region, where Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and Ansar al-Sharia hold sway. On '''29 March 2015''', 38 were killed in fighting between the Houthis and Sunni tribesmen. Tribal sources confirmed the death toll, and claimed only 8 of them were from their side, with the other 30 either Houthis or their allies from the Yemeni military.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.antiwar.com/2015/03/29/38-killed-as-yemens-houthis-clash-with-tribesmen-in-oil-rich-south/|publisher=anti war|title=38 Killed as Yemen's Houthis Clash with Tribesmen in Oil Rich South|date=29 March 2015|access-date=30 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402085749/http://news.antiwar.com/2015/03/29/38-killed-as-yemens-houthis-clash-with-tribesmen-in-oil-rich-south/|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

On '''9 April 2015''', the Houthis and their allies seized the provincial capital of Ataq. The takeover was facilitated by local tribal chiefs and security officials.<ref name="despite">{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/09/yemen-houthis-take-capital_n_7031540.html?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000592|title=Yemen's Houthis Seize Provincial Capital Despite Saudi-Led Airstrikes|work=The Huffington Post|date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627091342/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/09/yemen-houthis-take-capital_n_7031540.html?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000592|archive-date=27 June 2015}}</ref> AQAP seized Azzan, and Habban in early February 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKCN0VA1Y0|title=Al Qaeda militants seize southern Yemeni town: residents|author=Reuters Editorial|date=1 February 2016|work=Reuters|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618115931/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKCN0VA1Y0|archive-date=18 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.vice.com/article/al-qaeda-is-making-serious-gains-amid-chaos-of-yemens-civil-war|title=Al Qaeda Is Making Serious Gains Amid Chaos of Yemen's Civil War|author=Avi Asher-Schapiro|work=VICE News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310115300/https://news.vice.com/article/al-qaeda-is-making-serious-gains-amid-chaos-of-yemens-civil-war|archive-date=10 March 2016|date=February 2016}}</ref>

====Elsewhere====
On '''22 March 2015,''' in the province of Marib, 6 members of pro-Hadi tribes were killed during fighting against Houthis.<ref name="rebelles">{{cite news|url=http://www.rtl.fr/actu/international/yemen-le-conflit-s-etend-7777097083|language=fr|title=Yémen : les rebelles chiites prennent Taëz|agency=RTL|date=22 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325083729/http://www.rtl.fr/actu/international/yemen-le-conflit-s-etend-7777097083|archive-date=25 March 2015}}</ref>

On '''23 March 2015''', 15 Houthis and 5 tribesmen were killed in clashes in the Al Bayda Governorate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/news/156896/15-houthis-5-tribesmen-killed-in-clashes-in-yemen|title=15 Houthis, 5 tribesmen killed in clashes in Yemen – Middle East – Worldbulletin News|work=World Bulletin|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170805/http://www.worldbulletin.net/news/156896/15-houthis-5-tribesmen-killed-in-clashes-in-yemen|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> During the fight between Hadi loyalists and Houthi militiamen in [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]], the Ethiopian embassy was reportedly struck by shelling on '''3 April 2015'''. The Ethiopian government said the attack appeared to be unintentional. No injuries at the embassy were reported.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article54530|agency=Sudan Tribune|title=Attack on Ethiopian embassy in Yemen not deliberate|date=7 April 2015|access-date=21 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410061859/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article54530|archive-date=10 April 2015}}</ref>

On '''7 April 2015,''' armed tribesmen drove off Houthis who had set up a makeshift camp in southern Ibb Governorate and seized their weapons.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bostonherald.com/news_opinion/international/middle_east/2015/04/saudi_led_airstrikes_hit_yemens_south_amid_ground|agency=Boston Herald|title=Saudi-led airstrikes hit Yemen's south amid ground fighting|date=7 April 2015|access-date=7 April 2015}}</ref>

Between '''17 and 18 April 2015''', at least 30 people were killed when the Houthis and allied army units attacked a pro-Hadi military base in Taiz. The dead included 8–16 pro-Hadi and 14–19 Houthi fighters,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20150418-least-27-dead-fighting-yemens-taez/ |title=Flash – At least 27 dead in fighting in Yemen's Taez – France 24 |work=France 24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418202257/http://www.france24.com/en/20150418-least-27-dead-fighting-yemens-taez/ |archive-date=18 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.chinagate.cn/2015-04/18/content_35357778.htm|title=30 killed in fighting between Hadi's forces, Houthis in Yemen's Taiz|work=chinagate.cn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418200006/http://en.chinagate.cn/2015-04/18/content_35357778.htm|archive-date=18 April 2015}}</ref> as well as 3 civilians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/871660/at-least-76-dead-in-yemen-air-raids-fighting/ |title=At least 76 dead in Yemen air raids, fighting |work=The Express Tribune |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418075100/http://tribune.com.pk/story/871660/at-least-76-dead-in-yemen-air-raids-fighting/ |archive-date=18 April 2015 }}</ref> Another report put the number of dead at 85.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/831870/Yemen-militia-says-it-is-besieging-rebels-at-strategic-base.html?isap=1&nav=5016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419083450/http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/831870/Yemen-militia-says-it-is-besieging-rebels-at-strategic-base.html?isap=1&nav=5016|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-04-19|title=Yemen militia says it is besieging rebels at strategic base|work=miningjournal.net}}</ref>

On the morning of '''19 April 2015''', 10 more Houthi and four pro-Hadi fighters were killed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/global-filipino/world/04/19/15/yemen-rebel-leader-vows-resistance-against-saudi-led-air-war|title=Yemen rebel leader vows resistance against Saudi-led air war|agency=AFP|date=20 April 2015}}</ref>

A pro-Hadi official claimed 150 pro-Houthi and 27 tribal fighters had been killed in fighting in Marib Governorate between '''2 and 21 April 2015'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1875/news/5056/170-reported-dead-in-two-weeks-of-fighting-in-Marib.htm|title=170 reported dead in two weeks of fighting in Marib|work=Yemen Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205084814/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1875/news/5056/170-reported-dead-in-two-weeks-of-fighting-in-Marib.htm|archive-date=5 February 2016}}</ref>

On '''4 September 2015''' a Houthi missile hit an ammunition dump at a military base in Marib killing 45 UAE, 10 Saudi and 5 Bahraini soldiers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34163982|title=Yemen crisis: UAE launches fresh Yemen attacks|publisher=BBC.com|date=5 September 2015|access-date=6 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907204725/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34163982|archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref>

On '''16 October 2015''', Houthis and allied forces reportedly seized control of a military base in the town of Mukayris, pushing opponents out of southern Bayda.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/10/16/yemen-rebels-push-pro-govt-troops-out-of-southern-province|title=Yemen officials say rebels have pushed pro-government troops out of southern Bayda province|magazine=U.S. News & World Report|date=16 October 2015|access-date=16 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017133516/http://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/10/16/yemen-rebels-push-pro-govt-troops-out-of-southern-province|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref>

On '''6 January 2016''', Hadi loyalists captured the strategic port of Midi District, but insurgents backed by the Houthi government continued making attacks in and around the city.

===Military intervention===

====Saudi-led intervention in Yemen====
[[File:Saudi soldier from the First Brigade Airborne near to Emirates soldier.jpg|thumb|Saudi soldier from the First Airborne Brigade conversing with an Emirati soldier in Yemen, June 2016.]]
[[File:Yéménites voulaient arrêter les bombardements F-16 avions de combat - panoramio.jpg|thumb|180px|A pro-Saleh protest in Sanaa against the Saudi-led intervention, March 2016]]
In response to rumors that Saudi Arabia could intervene in Yemen, Houthi commander Ali al-Shami boasted on '''24 March 2015''' that his forces would invade the larger kingdom and not stop at [[Place:Mecca|Mecca]], but rather [[Place:Riyadh|Riyadh]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/yemen-protests-against-militants-leave-one-dead-17-injured-1427193838|agency=The Wall Street Journal|title=Yemen's Houthi Militants Extend Push Southward|first=Hakim|last=Almasmari|date=24 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324222255/http://www.wsj.com/articles/yemen-protests-against-militants-leave-one-dead-17-injured-1427193838|archive-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>

The following evening, answering a request by Yemen's internationally recognized government, Saudi Arabia began a military intervention alongside eight other [[Place:Arab world|Arab states]] and with the logistical support of the {{wipe|United States}} against the Houthis, bombing positions throughout Sanaʽa. In a joint statement, the nations of the [[Organization:Gulf Cooperation Council|Gulf Cooperation Council]] (with the exception of Oman) said they decided to intervene against the Houthis in Yemen at the request of Hadi's government.<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news|work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-arabs-idUSKBN0ML1B420150325|title=Arab League to discuss Yemen intervention plea on Thursday|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325162838/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/25/us-yemen-security-arabs-idUSKBN0ML1B420150325|archive-date=25 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/saudi-ambassador-announces-military-operation-yemen-150325234138956.html|agency=Al Jazeera|title=Saudi and Arab allies bomb Houthi positions in Yemen|date=26 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326181207/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/saudi-ambassador-announces-military-operation-yemen-150325234138956.html |archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nguoi-viet.com/absolutenm2/templates/viewarticlesNVO.aspx?articleid=204942&zoneid=5#.VRQ7yvnF-zE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123101/http://www.nguoi-viet.com/absolutenm2/templates/viewarticlesNVO.aspx?articleid=204942&zoneid=5|date=2 April 2015}}</ref> [[Biography:Salman of Saudi Arabia|King Salman of Saudi Arabia]] declared the {{wipe|Royal Saudi Air Force}} to be in full control of Yemeni airspace within hours of the operation beginning.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/03/26/GCC-states-to-repel-Houthi-aggression-in-Yemen-statement-.html|agency=Al Arabiya|title=Saudi warplanes bomb Houthi positions in Yemen|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125058/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/03/26/GCC-states-to-repel-Houthi-aggression-in-Yemen-statement-.html|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> The airstrikes were aimed at hindering the Houthis' advance toward Hadi's stronghold in southern Yemen.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shaheen|first1=Kareem|last2=Kamali Dehghan|first2=Saeed|title=Gulf states consider Yemen ground offensive to halt Houthi rebel advance|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/26/gulf-states-yemen-ground-offensive-to-halt-houthi-rebel-advance|date=26 March 2015|work=The Guardian|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327044637/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/26/gulf-states-yemen-ground-offensive-to-halt-houthi-rebel-advance|archive-date=27 March 2015}}</ref>

Al Jazeera reported that Mohammed Ali al-Houthi, a Houthi commander appointed in February as President of the Revolutionary Committee, was injured by an airstrike in Sanaʽa on the first night of the campaign.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/3/25/houthi-aden.html|agency=Al Jazeera|title=Saudis launch air campaign to defend Yemen government|date=25 March 2015|access-date=1 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141530/http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/3/25/houthi-aden.html|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

{{wipe|Reuters}} reported that planes from [[Place:Egypt|Egypt]], Morocco, Jordan, Sudan, Kuwait, [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]], Qatar, and Bahrain are also taking part in the operation.<ref name="offensive" /> Saudi Arabia requested that {{wipe|Pakistan}} commit forces as well, but Pakistan's parliament officially voted to remain neutral.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0N10LO20150410|work=Reuters|title=Pakistan declines Saudi call for armed support in Yemen fight|date=10 April 2015|access-date=10 April 2015|first=Mohammed|last=Mukhashaf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411000913/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/10/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0N10LO20150410|archive-date=11 April 2015}}</ref> However, Pakistan agreed to provide support in line with a United Nations Security Council resolution, dispatching warships to enforce an arms embargo against the Houthis.<ref name="repel">{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/03/26/GCC-states-to-repel-Houthi-aggression-in-Yemen-statement-.html|publisher=Al Arabiya|title=Saudi warplanes bomb Houthi positions in Yemen|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125058/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/03/26/GCC-states-to-repel-Houthi-aggression-in-Yemen-statement-.html |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/874469/crisis-in-arabian-peninsula-pakistan-unlikely-to-budge-on-yemen/|title=Crisis in Arabian Peninsula: Pakistan unlikely to budge on Yemen|date=23 April 2015|access-date=23 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424173721/http://tribune.com.pk/story/874469/crisis-in-arabian-peninsula-pakistan-unlikely-to-budge-on-yemen/|archive-date=24 April 2015}}</ref>

On '''21 April 2015,''' the bombing campaign was officially declared over, with Saudi officials saying they would begin ''Operation Restoring Hope'' as a combination of political, diplomatic, and military efforts to end the war.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0NC2LD20150422|work=Reuters|title=Saudis end air campaign in Yemen, seek political solution|first=Noah|last=Browning|date=22 April 2015|access-date=21 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422011714/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/22/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0NC2LD20150422|archive-date=22 April 2015}}</ref> Even still, airstrikes continued against Houthi targets, and fighting in Aden and Ad Dali' went on.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0NC2LD20150423|work=Reuters|title=Saudi-led coalition launches air strikes throughout Yemen: residents|date=23 April 2015|access-date=23 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423053811/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/23/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0NC2LD20150423|archive-date=23 April 2015}}</ref>

The United Arab Emirates has also spearheaded an active role against fighting AQAP and ISIL-YP presence in Yemen through a partnership with the United States. In an Op-Ed in ''{{wipe|The Washington Post}},'' Yousef Al Otaiba, the UAE ambassador to the United States, described that the intervention has reduced AQAP presence in Yemen to its weakest point since 2012 with many areas previously under their control liberated.<ref name="WP">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/09/12/the-arab-coalition-is-making-progress-against-extremists-in-yemen/|work=The Washington Post |title=The Arab coalition is making progress against extremists in Yemen|date= 12 September 2018}}</ref> The ambassador claimed that more than 2,000 militants have been removed from the battlefield, with their controlled areas now having improved security and a better delivered humanitarian and development assistance such as to the port city of Mukalla and other liberated areas.<ref name="WP" />

An Associated Press investigation outlined that the military coalition in Yemen actively reduced AQAP in Yemen without military intervention, instead of by offering them deals and even actively recruiting them in the coalition because "they're considered exceptional fighters".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/f38788a561d74ca78c77cb43612d50da|agency=The Associated Press |title=AP Investigation: US allies, al-Qaida battle rebels in Yemen|date=7 August 2018}}</ref> UAE Brigadier General Musallam Al Rashidi responded to the accusations by stating that Al Qaeda cannot be reasoned with and cited that they killed many of his soldiers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/f9588898ba3b408295da9dc6219704aa|title=UAE responds to AP report on deals with al-Qaida in Yemen|date=13 August 2018|work=Associated Press}}</ref> The UAE military stated that accusations of allowing AQAP to leave with cash contradict their primary objective of depriving AQAP of its financial strength.<ref name="TIDx">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/uae-yemen-civil-war-al-qaeda-aden-dar-saad-gulf-saudi-arabia-conflict-a8492021.html|title=Inside the UAE's war on al-Qaeda in Yemen|newspaper=The Independent|last1=Trew|first1=Bel|date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The notion of the coalition recruiting or paying AQAP has been thoroughly denied by the United States Pentagon with Colonel Robert Manning, spokesperson of the Pentagon, calling the news source "patently false".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/8/pentagon-denies-us-allies-bribe-recruit-al-qaeda/|title=Pentagon denies reports of U.S. allies bribing, recruiting al Qaeda fighters in Yemen|work=Washington Times|access-date=29 August 2018}}</ref> The governor of Hadramut Faraj al-Bahsani, dismissed the accusations that Al Qaeda has joined with the coalition rank, explaining that if they did there would be sleeper cells and that he would be "the first one to be killed". According to ''The Independent'', AQAP activity on social media as well as the number of terror attacks conducted by them has decreased since the Emirati intervention.<ref name="TIDx" />

Certification and assurance were announced by US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo stating that maximum efforts are being taken by the Saudi-led coalition to avoid civilian casualties in order to legally authorize the American military to refuel coalition military aircraft and to continue its support.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/12/world/middleeast/saudi-yemen-pompeo-certify.html|title=Yemen Civilians Keep Dying, but Pompeo Says Saudis Are Doing Enough|newspaper=New York Times|access-date=12 September 2018|date=12 September 2018|last1=Hubbard|first1=Ben}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://theintercept.com/2018/09/21/mike-pompeo-yemen-war-raytheon/
|title=State Department Team Led by Former Raytheon Lobbyist Pushed Mike Pompeo to Support Yemen War Because of Arms Sales|first1=Lee|last1=Fang|first2=Alex|last2=Emmons|date=21 September 2018|publisher=The Intercept}}</ref> The Spanish government initially cancelled the sale of 400 laser-guided bombs to Saudi Arabia, however, they have since reversed the decision.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-spain-saudi-arms/spain-will-go-ahead-with-sale-of-400-bombs-to-saudi-arabia-idUSKCN1LT1FL|title=Spain will go ahead with sale of 400 bombs to Saudi Arabia|publisher=Reuters|date=13 September 2018|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>

According to {{wipe|The Guardian}} news agency, more than 40 Saudi officers have been trained at prestigious British military colleges since the Saudi intervention in Yemen started.<ref name='TG1'>{{cite news |last1=Quinn |first1=Ben |title=Dozens of Saudi military cadets trained in UK since Yemen intervention |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/10/dozens-of-saudi-military-cadets-trained-in-uk-since-yemen-intervention |access-date=10 April 2019 |agency=The Guardian |work=theguardian.com |date=10 April 2019}}</ref> These officers mostly trained at Sandhurst, the RAF's school at Cranwell and the Royal Naval College in Dartmouth since 2015.<ref name='TG1'/> The MoD refused to state the earned money from the Saudi contracts, because it could influence Britain's relations with the Saudis.<ref name='TG1'/>

Abdul-Malik Badreddin, The Houthi leader condemned the UK's military cooperation and arms sales to the Saudi military.<ref name='TG1'/> According to a Sky News analysis, The UK has sold at least £5.7bn worth of arms to the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen since 2015.<ref name='TG1'/>

Priyanka Motaparthy, senior emergencies researcher at Human Rights Watch, said: “These revelations confirm once again how the UK military is working hand in glove with the Saudis.<ref name='TG1'/>

Houthi rebels released footage and images of destroyed Light Armoured Vehicles (LAV), which are reportedly manufactured by Canada and sold to Saudi Arabia for fighting in Yemen. Former Bloc Quebecois MP, Daniel Turp has called on Ottawa to cancel its arms deal with Riyadh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://truenewssource.com/2019/10/06/houthis-video-of-canadian-lavs-in-yemen-brings-saudi-arms-deal-under-radar/|title=Canadian LAVs in Yemen bring Saudi arms deal under radar|date=2019-10-06|website=True News Source|language=en-CA|access-date=2019-10-06}}</ref>

On April 25, 2020, the Campaign Against Arms Trade condemned the UK arms industry of serving [[Philosophy:Human rights|human rights]] abusers and despotic regimes like the Saudi Arabia and the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]]. Reportedly, the sales have increased by 300% or £1bn in 2019, as compared to 2018. The jets exported by UK have been accused of killing tens of thousands of people and damaging the healthcare system during a crisis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/25/uk-arms-trade-repressive-regimes|title=Britain boosts arms sales to repressive regimes by £1bn|access-date=25 April 2020|website=The Guardian|date=25 April 2020}}</ref>

On July 13, 2020, the UK Ministry of Defence logged more than 500 Saudi air raids in possible breach of international law in Yemen. These figures were revealed a few days after the UK government decided to resume the arms sales to Saudi Arabia, which could be used in the Yemen war, just over a year after the court of appeal ruled them unlawful. It justified resuming the arms sales stating that only isolated incidents without any pattern have occurred.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/13/alleged-breaches-of-international-law-by-saudi-forces-in-yemen-exceed-500|title=Alleged breaches of international law by Saudi forces in Yemen exceed 500|access-date=13 July 2020|website=The Guardian|date=13 July 2020}}</ref>

On July 17, 2020, it was revealed that French authorities are opening an investigation into the crown prince of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, for complicity in the acts of torture citing the UAE's involvement in the Yemen civil war. Six Yemeni citizens had filed a complaint with a judge specialising in crimes against humanity, in Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200717-abu-dhabi-crown-prince-targeted-by-french-torture-probe-sources |title= Abu Dhabi crown prince targeted by French torture probe: sources|access-date=17 July 2020|website=France 24|date= 17 July 2020}}</ref>

On February 4, 2021, new US President Joe Biden announced an end to the US support for Saudi-led operations in Yemen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/04/us-end-support-saudi-led-operations-yemen-humanitarian-crisis|title=Biden announces end to US support for Saudi-led offensive in Yemen|access-date=6 February 2021|website=The Guardian|date=4 February 2021}}</ref>

====Arab League====
In [[Place:Egypt|Egypt]], the Yemeni foreign minister called for an Arab League military intervention against the Houthis.<ref name="reuters.com" /> Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi floated the idea of a unified military force.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-arabs-communique/arab-summit-to-announce-unified-force-to-counter-security-threats-draft-communique-idUSKBN0MP06120150329|title=Arab summit agrees on unified military force for crises|date=29 March 2015|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-03-02}}</ref>

The Arab League announced the formation of a unified military force to respond to conflict in Yemen and Libya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-arabs-communique-idUSL6N0WV03T20150329|title=Arab summit agrees on unified military force for crises|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022201840/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/29/mideast-arabs-communique-idUSL6N0WV03T20150329|archive-date=22 October 2015}}</ref>

====Drone strikes====
[[File:President Obama and King Salman Deliver Statements to the Press.webm|thumb|President Barack Obama and CIA Director John O. Brennan met with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) leaders in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on 21 April 2016]]
Since the mid-2000s, the {{wipe|United States}} has been carrying out targeted killings of [[Religion:Al-Qaeda|Al-Qaeda]] militants in Yemen, although the U.S. government generally does not confirm involvement in specific attacks conducted by [[Engineering:Unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned aerial vehicle]]s as a matter of policy. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism documented 415 strikes in Pakistan and Yemen by 2015 since the [[Religion:September 11 attacks|September 11 attacks]], and according to the organization's estimates, between 423 and 962 deaths are believed to have been civilians. However, Michael Morell, former deputy director of the CIA, affirmed that the numbers were significantly lower.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-silence-on-drone-strikes-comes-under-pressure-after-hostage-deaths/2015/04/24/cb48e9d4-eaa7-11e4-aae1-d642717d8afa_story.html|agency=The Washington Post|title=U.S. government's refusal to discuss drone attacks comes under fire|date=24 April 2015|access-date=7 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508223332/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-silence-on-drone-strikes-comes-under-pressure-after-hostage-deaths/2015/04/24/cb48e9d4-eaa7-11e4-aae1-d642717d8afa_story.html|archive-date=8 May 2015}}</ref>

During the civil war in Yemen, drone strikes have continued, targeting suspected leaders of Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. Ibrahim al-Rubeish and Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi, two leading AQAP figures, were killed by U.S. drone strikes in the vicinity of Mukalla in 2015.<ref name="ansi">{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/us-drone-strike-yemen-kills-al-qaeda-man-behind-paris-charlie-hebdo-jewish-shop-attacks-1500245|agency=International Business Times|title=US drone strike in Yemen 'kills al Qaeda man behind Paris Charlie Hebdo and Jewish shop attacks'|first=Joe|last=Millis|date=7 May 2015|access-date=7 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509033210/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/us-drone-strike-yemen-kills-al-qaeda-man-behind-paris-charlie-hebdo-jewish-shop-attacks-1500245|archive-date=9 May 2015}}<br/>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/world/middleeast/us-drone-kills-a-top-figure-in-al-qaedas-yemen-branch.html?_r=1|agency=The New York Times|title=U.S. Drone Kills a Top Figure in Al Qaeda's Yemen Branch|date=14 April 2015|access-date=7 May 2015|first=Scott|last=Shane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519005528/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/world/middleeast/us-drone-kills-a-top-figure-in-al-qaedas-yemen-branch.html?_r=1|archive-date=19 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/07/yemen-al-qaida-droke-strike-charlie-hebdo|agency=The Guardian|title=Al-Qaida in Yemen says US drone killed man who claimed Charlie Hebdo attack|date=7 May 2015|access-date=7 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518084133/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/07/yemen-al-qaida-droke-strike-charlie-hebdo|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> Approximately 240 suspected AQAP militants have been killed by American drone strikes since the civil war began.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/multimedia/Yemen/code/Yemen-strike.php |title=Charts on US Strikes in Yemen |website=The Long War Journal |date=2017-01-29 |access-date=2017-07-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706233247/http://www.longwarjournal.org/multimedia/Yemen/code/Yemen-strike.php |archive-date=6 July 2017  }}</ref>

In 2013, Radhya Al-Mutawakel and Abdelrasheed Al-Faqih, Directors of Mwatana, published a joint report with Open Society Foundations titled 'Death by Drone', detailing evidence of civilian casualties and damage to civilian objects in nine US drone strikes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/death-drone|title=Death by Drone|website=Open Society Foundations|access-date=2018-05-20}}</ref>

===Islamic State presence and operations===
The Islamic State (IS) has proclaimed several provinces in Yemen and has urged its adherents to wage war against the Houthi movement, as well as against Zaydis in general.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/ISIS%20INTSUM_Final.pdf|agency=Institute for the Study of War|title=ISIS Global Intelligence Summary March 1 – May 7|date=10 May 2015|access-date=6 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090756/http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/ISIS%20INTSUM_Final.pdf|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> ISIS militants have conducted bombing attacks in various parts of the country, particularly against mosques in Sanaʽa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31989844|agency=BBC|title=Yemen crisis: Islamic State claims Sanaa mosque attacks|date=21 March 2015|access-date=6 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928040227/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31989844|archive-date=28 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-blast-idUSKCN0S02CV20151006|work=Reuters|title=Seven killed in Islamic State suicide bombing in Yemeni capital|date=6 October 2015|access-date=6 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006201538/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/06/us-yemen-security-blast-idUSKCN0S02CV20151006|archive-date=6 October 2015}}</ref>

On '''6 October 2015''', IS militants conducted a series of suicide bombings in Aden that killed 15 soldiers affiliated with the Hadi-led government and the Saudi-led coalition.<ref name="reutersoct6">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-aden-hotel-idUSKCN0S009E20151006|work=Reuters|title=Islamic State claims suicide attacks on Yemeni government, Gulf troops|date=6 October 2015|access-date=6 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006201537/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/06/us-yemen-security-aden-hotel-idUSKCN0S009E20151006|archive-date=6 October 2015}}</ref> The attacks were directed against the al-Qasr hotel, which had been a headquarters for pro-Hadi officials, and also military facilities.<ref name="reutersoct6" /> Yemeni officials and UAE state news agency declared that 11 Yemeni and 4 United Arab Emirates soldiers were killed in Aden due to 4 coordinated Islamic State suicide bombings. Prior to the claim of responsibility by the Islamic State, UAE officials blamed the Houthis and former president Ali Abdullah Saleh, for the attacks.<ref name="reutersoct6" />

===May 2015 truce===
A five-day ceasefire proposed by Saudi Arabia was accepted by the Houthis and their allies in the military on '''10 May 2015'''. The ceasefire was intended to allow the delivery of humanitarian aid to the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/yemens-houthi-rebels-accept-five-day-truce-proposal-1431250255|agency=The Wall Street Journal|title=Yemen's Houthi Rebels Accept Five-Day Truce Proposal|date=10 May 2015|access-date=10 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511134536/http://www.wsj.com/articles/yemens-houthi-rebels-accept-five-day-truce-proposal-1431250255|archive-date=11 May 2015}}</ref> The temporary truce began on the night of '''12 May 2015''' to allow the delivery of food, water, medical, and fuel aid throughout the country.<ref name="trucetakes">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32719194|agency=BBC News|title=Yemen conflict: Aid effort begins as truce takes hold|date=13 May 2015|access-date=13 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515234606/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32719194|archive-date=15 May 2015}}</ref>

On the fourth day of the truce, the fragile peace unraveled as fighting broke out in multiple southern governorates. At least three civilians in [[Place:Aden|Aden]] and 12 in Taiz were killed on '''16 May 2015''', despite the ceasefire.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/fighting-rages-yemen-4th-day-humanitarian-truce-31092753|agency=ABC News|title=Fighting Rages in Yemen on 4th Day of Humanitarian Truce|first=Ahmed|last=Al-Haj|date=16 May 2015|access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref> Agence France-Presse reported that "dozens" were killed in southern Yemen by the clashes, including 26 Houthi and 12 pro-Hadi fighters.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20150516-south-yemen-clashes-kill-dozens-ceasefire-nears-end |agency=France 24 |title=South Yemen clashes kill dozens as ceasefire nears end |date=16 May 2015 |access-date=16 May 2015 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

====Omani Initiative====
Around the same time in 2015 reports surfaced in the media suggesting that Oman, which is the only Middle Eastern Monarchy not taking part in the coalition and has a border with Yemen, has presented a 7-point plan to both Houthis and Saudi Arabia. The Houthis accepted the peace talks and the 7-point plan while Saudi Arabia and the Hadi government refused negotiations with the Houthis.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-talks-idUSKCN0S10DX20151007|title=Yemen's Houthis, Saleh's party accept U.N. peace terms, eye talks|last=Editorial|first=Reuters|work=U.S.|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref> It has also been suggested that Oman was responsible to mediate a 24-hour ceasefire although analysts doubted if Oman could help bring about more rigid negotiations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/05/oman-response-yemen-conflict.html#|title=Oman breaks from GCC on Yemen conflict|work=Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East|access-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927183337/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/05/oman-response-yemen-conflict.html|archive-date=27 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2015/4/24/oman-offers-seven-point-peace-plan-for-yemen|title=Oman offers seven-point peace plan for Yemen|author=Al-Araal-Jadeed staff|work=alaraby|date=24 April 2015|access-date=25 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022201819/http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2015/4/24/oman-offers-seven-point-peace-plan-for-yemen|archive-date=22 October 2015}}</ref>

The following parts constituted the planned initiative:
* The withdrawal of the Houthis and forces loyal to deposed president Ali Abdullah Saleh from all Yemeni cities and the return of military hardware and munitions seized from the Yemeni Army.
* The restoration of the president Abd Rabbo Mansour Hadi and the government of Khalid Bahah.
* Early parliamentary and presidential elections.
* An agreement signed by all Yemeni parties.
* The conversion of Ansarullah into a political party.
* An international aid conference attended by donor states.
* Yemen entering the Gulf Cooperation Council.

===Sabeen square mass demonstration===
On Saturday, '''20 August 2016''', there were demonstrations at Satin [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]]'s Sabeen square to show support for the Higher Political Council, the Shia Houthi governing body and former Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh. The head of council pledged to form a full government within days.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news|last1=Staff writers|title=Shia Yemenis rally in support of Houthi governing council|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/20/shia-yemenis-rally-in-support-of-houthi-governing-council|access-date=21 August 2016|agency=Reuters|date=20 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820214011/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/20/shia-yemenis-rally-in-support-of-houthi-governing-council|archive-date=20 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="Nabi">{{cite news|last1=Bulos|first1=Nabih|title=Thousands march in support of Yemen rebels who oppose Saudi and U.S.-backed government|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-yemen-rebel-march-20160820-snap-story.html|access-date=21 August 2016|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=21 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820212656/http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-yemen-rebel-march-20160820-snap-story.html|archive-date=20 August 2016}}</ref> The crowd size was variously placed at tens of thousands<ref name="Guardian"/> and hundreds of thousands.<ref name="Nabi"/> The crowd's demands were "quickly rejected by the United Nations and the country's internationally recognized government."<ref name="Nabi"/> Meanwhile, Saudi planes roared above the population and bombed nearby leaving an unknown number of casualties.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Staff writers|title=Yemen conflict: Major pro-rebel demonstration in Sanaa|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-37143876|access-date=21 August 2016|work=BBC News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821002044/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-37143876|archive-date=21 August 2016}}</ref>

===2017===
* On '''29 January''', U.S. Navy SEALs carried out a raid in Yakla. Despite a plan for the raid having existed for months, the Obama administration refused to approve the raid, because President [[Biography:Barack Obama|Barack Obama]] feared an escalation of U.S. involvement in Yemen.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/01/yemen-strike-eight-year-old-american-girl-killed-al-awlaki|title=Eight-year-old American girl 'killed in Yemen raid approved by Trump'|date=2017-02-01|work=The Guardian|last2=Burke|first2=Jason|issn=0261-3077|last3=Borger|first3=Julian|last1=Ackerman|first1=Spencer|access-date=2017-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.salon.com/2017/02/03/former-obama-official-deadly-yemen-raid-wasnt-planned-under-obamas-watch/|title=Former Obama official: Trump's deadly Yemen raid wasn't planned under Obama's watch|last=Rozsa|first=Matthew|date=2017-02-03|work=Salon|access-date=2017-02-12}}</ref> After 5 days in office, President Trump approved the raid, over dinner with his new secretary of defense and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The raid caused numerous civilian casualties, with "a chain of mishaps and misjudgments" leading to a 50-minute shootout that led to the killing of one SEAL, the wounding of three other SEALs, and the deliberate destruction of a $75 million U.S. MV-22 Osprey aircraft that had been badly damaged on landing.<ref>Eric Schmitt & David E. Sanger, [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/world/middleeast/donald-trump-yemen-commando-raid-questions.html Raid in Yemen: Risky From the Start and Costly in the End] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203151539/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/world/middleeast/donald-trump-yemen-commando-raid-questions.html |date=3 February 2017 }}, ''New York Times'' (1 February 2017).</ref> The U.S. government reported that 14 Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula fighters were killed and acknowledged that "civilian noncombatants likely were killed" as well.<ref name="MacAskill">Ewen MacAskill, Spencer Ackerman & Jason Burke, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/02/trump-approved-yemen-raid-five-days-after-inauguration Questions mount over botched Yemen raid approved by Trump] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202123745/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/02/trump-approved-yemen-raid-five-days-after-inauguration |date=2 February 2017 }}, ''The Guardian'' (2 February 2017).</ref> Human Rights Watch, citing witness statements, reported the death of 14 civilians, including nine children.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/02/24/yemen-us-should-investigate-civilian-deaths-raid Yemen: US Should Investigate Civilian Deaths in Raid] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327070602/https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/02/24/yemen-us-should-investigate-civilian-deaths-raid |date=27 March 2017 }}, Human Rights Watch (24 February 2017).</ref>
* From '''1 to 8 March''', the US conducted 45 airstrikes against AQAP, a record amount of airstrikes conducted against the group by the US in recent history. The airstrikes were reported to have killed hundreds of AQAP militants.<ref name="accelerating">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/accelerating-yemen-campaign-us-conducts-flurry-of-strikes-targeting-al-qaeda/2017/03/02/8a9af8cc-ff91-11e6-99b4-9e613afeb09f_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304013410/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/accelerating-yemen-campaign-us-conducts-flurry-of-strikes-targeting-al-qaeda/2017/03/02/8a9af8cc-ff91-11e6-99b4-9e613afeb09f_story.html|url-status=dead|title=Accelerating Yemen campaign, U.S. conducts flurry of strikes targeting al-Qaeda|archive-date=4 March 2017|website=Washington Post}}</ref><ref name="targeting">{{cite web|url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/targeting-aqap-u-s-airstrikes-in-yemen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313130922/https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/targeting-aqap-u-s-airstrikes-in-yemen|url-status=dead|title=Targeting AQAP: U.S. Airstrikes in Yemen|archive-date=13 March 2017|website=Critical Threats}}</ref>
* On '''25 March''' a court in Houthi-controlled [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]] sentenced Hadi and six other government officials to death in absentia for "high treason" in the form of "incitement and assistance to Saudi Arabia and its allies".<ref name="r">{{cite news| url =https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-court-idUSKBN16W0UF| title =Pro-Houthi court sentences Yemen president to death for treason| work =Reuters| date =25 March 2017| access-date =26 March 2017| url-status =live| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170325214247/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-court-idUSKBN16W0UF| archive-date =25 March 2017| df =dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-03/26/c_136158421.htm| title =Pro-Houthi court sentences exiled Yemeni president Hadi to death for "high treason"| publisher =Xinhua| date =26 March 2017| access-date =26 March 2017| url-status =live| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170326043309/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-03/26/c_136158421.htm| archive-date =26 March 2017| df =dmy-all}}</ref> The sentence was announced by the Houthi-controlled Saba News Agency.<ref name="r" />
* In '''May''', ISIL's Wilayats in Yemen released propaganda videos of their operations, claiming attacks upon Hadi-led government, Houthi rebels and AQAP targets.
* On '''22 July''', Houthis and forces loyal to Ali Abdullah Saleh launched a retaliation missile (called Volcano H-2) on Saudi Arabia targeting the oil refineries in the Yanbu Province of Saudi Arabia. Houthis and Ali Saleh media have claimed that the missile hit its target causing a major fire, while Saudi Arabia has claimed that it was due to the extreme heat that caused one of the generators to blow up.<ref name="Missile">{{cite web |url=http://www.yemenpress.org/yemen/yemen-targets-saudi-oil-refinery-with-ballistic-missile.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-07-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731032858/http://www.yemenpress.org/yemen/yemen-targets-saudi-oil-refinery-with-ballistic-missile.html |archive-date=31 July 2017  }}</ref>
* On '''27 July''', Houthis and forces loyal to Ali Abdullah Saleh launched approximately 4 Volcano 1 missiles at King Fahad Air Base, the Houthis and Saleh said that the missiles had successfully hit their targets, whereas Saudi Arabia said that it was able to shoot down the missiles claiming that the Houthis real goal was to hit [[Place:Mecca|Mecca]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yemenpress.org/yemen/number-of-burkan-1-ballistic-missiles-hit-king-fahads-base-in-taif-at-once.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-07-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731232228/http://www.yemenpress.org/yemen/number-of-burkan-1-ballistic-missiles-hit-king-fahads-base-in-taif-at-once.html |archive-date=31 July 2017  }}<br />{{cite web |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20170728-saudi-arabia-coalition-downs-missile-fired-yemen-mecca |title=Saudi coalition downs Yemeni rebel missile near Mecca |access-date=2017-07-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731213106/http://www.france24.com/en/20170728-saudi-arabia-coalition-downs-missile-fired-yemen-mecca |archive-date=31 July 2017  |date=28 July 2017 }}</ref>
* On '''1 October''', a US [[Engineering:General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper|MQ-9 Reaper drone]] was shot down north of Sanaa. U.S. Central Command stated that the Reaper Drone was shot down by Houthi air defense systems over [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]] in western Yemen the previous day. The aircraft took off from Chabelley Airport in Djibouti and was armed.<ref name=popularmechanics-20171002>{{cite news |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/news/a28469/us-reaper-drone-shot-down-over-yemen/ |title=U.S. Reaper Drone Shot Down Over Yemen |last=Mizokami |first=Kyle |newspaper=Popular Mechanics |date=2 October 2017 |access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=janes-20171005>{{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/74639/us-reaper-shot-down-over-sanaa |title=US Reaper shot down over Sanaa |author=Jeremy Binnie and Neil Gibson |publisher=IHS |work=Jane's Defence Weekly |date=5 October 2017 |access-date=11 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="defensenews.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/flashpoints/2017/10/02/us-mq-9-drone-shot-down-in-yemen/|title=US MQ-9 drone shot down in Yemen|first=Shawn|last=Snow|date=2 October 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/14806/houthi-rebels-shoot-down-u-s-air-force-mq-9-reaper-over-yemen|title=Houthi Rebels Shoot Down U.S. Air Force MQ-9 Reaper Over Yemen|first=Joseph|last=Trevithick|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> Also, sometime in late 2017, in a gradual escalation of U.S. military action, a group of U.S. Army commandos arrived to seek and destroy Houthi missiles near the Saudi Arabian border. In public statements, the U.S. government has tried to keep secret the extent of its involvement in the conflict since the Houthis pose no direct threat to America.<ref>The New York Times, 3 May 2018, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/03/us/politics/green-berets-saudi-yemen-border-houthi.html Army Special Forces Secretly Help Saudis Combat Threat From Yemen Rebels]"</ref>
* ''CNN'' reported that on '''16 October''', the US carried out its first airstrikes specifically targeting ISIS-YP; the strikes targeted two ISIS training camps in Al Bayda Governorate. A US Defense official told ''CNN'' that there were an estimated 50 fighters at the camps, the Pentagon said in a statement that the camps’ purpose was to "train militants to conduct terror attacks using AK-47s, machine guns, rocket-propelled grenade launchers, and endurance training." strikes disrupted the organization's attempts to train new fighters; the strikes were carried out in cooperation with the government of Yemen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/16/politics/us-isis-training-camp-strike-yemen/index.html|title=First US airstrike targeting ISIS in Yemen kills dozens|publisher=CNN|date=17 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021220851/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/16/politics/us-isis-training-camp-strike-yemen/index.html|archive-date=21 October 2017}}</ref>
* On '''2 December''', Ali Abdullah Saleh formally split with the Houthis, calling for a dialogue with Saudi Arabia to end the civil war.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/violence-escalates-sanaa-saleh-loyalists-battle-houthis/|title=Violence escalates in Sanaa as Saleh loyalists battle Houthis|date=2 December 2017|access-date=2 December 2017|author=Leith Fadel|publisher=Al Masdar News}}</ref> Clashes in Saana ensued.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/12/03/568142767/bloody-battles-waged-on-the-streets-of-yemens-capital-as-alliances-appear-to-shi|title=Bloody Battles Waged On The Streets Of Yemen's Capital, As Alliances Appear To Shift|website=NPR.org|access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref> 
* On '''4 December''', Saleh was attacked and later killed by Houthi fighters while trying to flee Sanaa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42225574|title=Yemen powerbroker dies in Sanaa fighting|date=4 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017|work=BBC News}}</ref> Shortly after his death, Saleh's son, Ahmed Saleh, called for Saleh's forces to split from the Houthis.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Aboudi|first1=Sami|last2=Browning|first2=Noah|title=Exiled son of Yemen's Saleh takes up anti-Houthi cause|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security/exiled-son-of-yemens-saleh-takes-up-anti-houthi-cause-idUSKBN1DY12V|website=Reuters|agency=Reuters|access-date=17 February 2018|date=5 December 2017}}</ref>
* On '''7 December''', troops loyal to Hadi captured the strategic coastal town of Al-Khawkhah in western Yemen (115&nbsp;km south of Al Hudaydah) from the Houthis. It was the first time in 3 years forces loyal to Hadi had entered the Al Hudaydah Governorate.<ref>{{cite news |title= Saudi-backed fighters capture coastal area in Yemen from Houthis |work= Reuters |date= December 7, 2017 |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security/saudi-backed-fighters-capture-coastal-area-in-yemen-from-houthis-idUSKBN1E11IM?il=0 |access-date= December 7, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171208070650/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security/saudi-backed-fighters-capture-coastal-area-in-yemen-from-houthis-idUSKBN1E11IM?il=0 |archive-date= December 8, 2017 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
* On '''24 December''', troops loyal to Hadi captured the cities of Beihan and Usaylan, officially ending Houthi presence in any major city that is a part of the Shabwah Governorate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/12/17/Yemeni-army-captures-80-Houthis-within-two-days-in-Shabwa.html|title=Yemeni army captures 80 Houthis within two days in Shabwa|date=16 December 2017|website=Al Arabiya English}}</ref>
* The Saudi-led coalition placed the number of enemy fighters killed at 11,000 as of December 2017.<ref name="Saudi Gazette" />

===2018===
The southern separatists represented by the Southern Transitional Council were backing the Hadi government against the Houthis, but tensions erupted in January 2018 with the separatists accusing the government of corruption and discrimination. Gun battles erupted in Aden on 28 January 2018 after the deadline set by the separatists for Hadi to dismiss his cabinet elapsed. Pro-STC forces seized a number of government offices, including the Hadi government's headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42852285|title=Yemen crisis: Separatists seize government buildings in Aden|date=28 January 2018|publisher=BBC|access-date=28 January 2018}}</ref> By 30 January, the STC had taken control of most of the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-clashes/yemen-separatists-capture-aden-government-confined-to-palace-residents-idUSKBN1FJ17E|title=Yemen separatists capture Aden, government confined to palace: residen|date=30 January 2018|access-date=3 March 2018|work=Reuters}}</ref>

* On '''26 March''', the Houthis launched a barrage of rockets at Saudi Arabia, killing an Egyptian man and leaving two others wounded in [[Place:Riyadh|Riyadh]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-missiles/barrage-of-missiles-on-saudi-arabia-ramps-up-yemen-war-idUSKBN1H21HQ|title=Barrage of missiles on Saudi Arabia ramps up Yemen war|first1=Marwa|last1=Rashad|first2=Sarah|last2=Dadouch|first3=Abdulrahman|last3=al-Ansi|date=28 March 2018|work={{wipe|Reuters}}}}</ref>
* On '''2 April''', the Saudi-led coalition bombed a residential housing area in Al Hudaydah, killing at least 14 civilians and wounding 9.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi Bombing Is Said to Kill Yemeni Civilians Seeking Relief From the Heat|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/world/middleeast/saudi-yemen-bombings.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=3 April 2018|date=2 April 2018|last1=Al-Batati|first1=Saeed|last2=Gladstone|first2=Rick}}</ref>
* On '''19 April''', two leaders of Al-Qaeda in Yemen were killed on Thursday after a security raid was carried out by Yemeni forces in the province of Abyan. The security sources said that the leaders of al-Qaeda in Yemen, Murad Abdullah Mohammed al-Doubli, nicknamed "Abu Hamza al-Batani" and Hassan Baasrei were killed after a raid by security forces in the Al-Qaeda stronghold. Also known as Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula or AQAP, Al-Qaeda is primarily active in Yemen. The U.S government believes AQAP to be the most dangerous of the al-Qaeda branches.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/yemen-forces-kill-two-senior-al-qaida-operatives-in-abyan-1.2208317|title=Yemen forces kill two senior Al Qaida operatives in Abyan|date=19 April 2018|newspaper=Gulf News}}</ref>
* On '''22 April''', the Saudi-led coalition carried out airstrikes on a wedding in Hajjah, a town in northwestern Yemen; the airstrikes left at least 33 people dead and 41 wounded. The attack consisted of two missiles that hit several minutes apart.<ref name="Cable News Network">{{cite news|last1=Almasmari|first1=Hakim|title=Houthi political leader confirmed dead Monday; airstrikes kill more than 30 at Yemen wedding|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/23/middleeast/saudi-yemen-wedding-airstrikes-intl/index.html|website=CNN|publisher=Cable News Network|access-date=23 April 2018}}</ref> Most of the people killed were women (including the bride at the wedding) and children. Ambulances were not able to get to the site of the attack at first, because, as jets were continuing to fly overhead after the attack, there were concerns about further airstrikes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Saudi attack on Yemen wedding kills up to 33, wounds dozens|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/2142967/saudi-attack-yemen-wedding-kills-least-20-wounds-dozens|website=South China Morning Post|date=23 April 2018|publisher=South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd.|access-date=23 April 2018}}</ref>
* Houthi media outlets announced on '''23 April''' that Saleh Ali al-Sammad had been killed in an airstrike by the Saudi-led coalition the previous week.<ref name="Cable News Network" />
* On '''7 May''', airstrikes by the Saudi-led coalition hit Yemen's presidency building. The attack left at least 6 people dead, all of whom were civilians. 30 people were also wounded in the airstrikes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sacbee.com/news/nation-world/article210609204.html|title=Saudi airstrikes hit presidency building in Yemen, killing 6|last1=Al-Haj|first1=Ahmed|website=The Sacramento Bee|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507123327/http://www.sacbee.com/news/nation-world/article210609204.html|archive-date=2018-05-07|url-status=dead|access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref>
* On '''8 and 9 June''', heavy fighting began in al-Durayhmi and Bayt al-Faqih, 10 and 35 kilometers from the port city of al-Hudaydah, respectively. The United Nations warned that a military attack or a siege on the city could cost up to 250,000 lives.<ref>{{cite news |title=Heavy Clashes Near Yemen's Hodeidah as U.N. Seeks Ceasefire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/06/10/world/middleeast/10reuters-yemen-security.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=10 June 2018}}</ref> 
* On '''10 June''', it was reported that the United Nations had withdrawn from Hudaydah.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Arraf |first1=Jane |title=U.N. Withdraws From Yemeni Port City Amid Fears Of Devastating Attack |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/06/12/619170067/u-n-withdraws-from-yemeni-port-city-amid-fears-of-devastating-attack |website=NPR : National Public Radio |publisher=npr}}</ref> Also on 10 June, it was reported that so far, 600 people had died in recent days as the battle intensified.<ref>{{cite web |title=600 dead reported in Yemen clash |url=http://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2018/jun/12/600-dead-reported-in-yemen-clash-201806/ |website=ArkansasOnline |date=12 June 2018 |publisher=Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, Inc.}}</ref> Furthermore, also on 10 June, ''Al Jazeera'' published an article containing reports of alleged torture in Houthi prisons in Yemen.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Arwa |title=Tales of torture and horror: Inside Houthi prisons in Yemen |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/tales-torture-horror-houthi-prisons-yemen-180530085005320.html |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=Al Jazeera Media Network}}</ref>
* On '''12 June''', it was reported that an airstrike by the Saudi-led coalition hit a Doctors Without Borders building. This was despite markings on the roof of the building identifying it as a building of health care and despite the fact that its coordinates had been shared with the coalition. No one was hurt in the attack, but the newly constructed building suffered significant damage.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cheslow |first1=Daniella |title=Airstrike Reportedly Hits Doctors Without Borders Facility In Yemen |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/06/12/619085964/airstrike-reportedly-hits-doctors-without-borders-facility-in-yemen |website=NPR : National Public Radio |publisher=npr}}</ref>
* On '''9 August''', a Saudi airstrike on a school bus in a crowded market in Dahyan killed 40 young school children and 11 adults. The 227&nbsp;kg (500&nbsp;lb) laser-guided Mk 82 bomb used in the attack was made by [[Company:Lockheed Martin|Lockheed Martin]] and purchased by Saudi Arabia from the US.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/19/us-supplied-bomb-that-killed-40-children-school-bus-yemen |title=US supplied bomb that killed 40 children on Yemen school bus |date=19 August 2018 |access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref>
* On '''13 December''', a truce was called in Hudaydah, a port city in Yemen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yemen war: Truce for lifeline port city of Hudaydah | work=BBC News| date=13 December 2018| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46555059}}</ref> Warring parties agreed to have a ceasefire in the crucial place, which is a lifeline for half the country. The Houthis agreed to have all forces withdraw from Hudaydah in the following days, same as those from the Yemeni government alliance who were fighting them there, both being replaced by United Nations-designated "local troops".

===2019===
[[File:Ongoing conflicts around the world.svg|thumb|280px|<center>[[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ongoing armed conflicts]] in 2019</center>
----
{{legend|maroon|Major wars, 10,000 or more deaths in current or past year}}]]
* On '''8 January''', the Council on Foreign Relations listed this conflict as a conflict to watch during 2019.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top Conflicts to Watch in 2019 | url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/top-conflicts-watch-2019-yemen}}</ref> Similarly, the Italian Institute for International Political Studies also claimed it to be a conflict to watch in 2019.<ref>{{cite web | title=Conflict to Watch in 2019 | date=24 December 2018| url=https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/conflict-watch-2019-yemen-21901}}</ref>
* Sporadic exchanges of fire and other ceasefire violations were reported between Houthi forces and coalition troops around Hudaydah in January.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47033909|title=Shaky truce in key Yemeni port of Hudaydah|last=Doucet|first=Lyse|date=2019-01-28|work=BBC News|access-date=2019-02-01}}</ref>
* An explosion in a warehouse on '''7 April''' in Sanaa killed at least 11 civilians, including school children and left more than 39 people wounded. The Associated Press news agency said 13 were killed, including 7 children, and more than 100 were wounded. According to Al Jazeera and Houthi officials, the civilians were killed in a Saudi-led coalition airstrike.<ref>{{cite news |title=Saudi-led air raids 'kill at least 11 civilians' in Yemen's Sanaa |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/saudi-led-air-raids-kill-11-civilians-yemen-sanaa-190407201257046.html |access-date=8 April 2019 |agency=Aljazeera |publisher=aljazeera.com |date=7 April 2019}}</ref> The Saudi-led coalition denied any airstrikes took place that day on Sanaa. The state-run news agency in Aden, aligned with the internationally recognized government, said the rebels had stored weapons at the warehouse. According to ''{{wipe|The Washington Post}}'', "some families and residents of the district of Sawan said the explosion occurred after a fire erupted inside the warehouse. They said a fire sent columns of white smoke rising into the air, followed by the explosion." Their accounts were confirmed by several videos filmed by bystanders.<ref>{{cite news |title=Explosion in Yemen Warehouse Kills at Least 13, Including 7 Children |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/07/world/middleeast/yemen-explosion-warehouse.html |access-date=8 April 2019 |agency=Nytimes |newspaper=nytimes.com |date=7 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/un-decries-killing-of-7-children-in-yemen-explosion/2019/04/08/100e26f8-5a00-11e9-98d4-844088d135f2_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409004122/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/un-decries-killing-of-7-children-in-yemen-explosion/2019/04/08/100e26f8-5a00-11e9-98d4-844088d135f2_story.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 April 2019|title=Yemenis recount horror of mysterious blast in capital|author=The Washington Post|date=8 April 2019}}</ref>
* On '''6 June''', Houthis shot down a US MQ-9 Reaper drone over Yemen, using a SA-6 missile, the CENTCOM asserted that the event “indicated an improvement over previous Houthi capability,” and that it was enabled with Iranian assistance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://breakingdefense.com/2019/06/houthis-say-us-reaper-drone-shot-down-release-video-pics/|title=Houthis Say US Reaper Drone Shot Down, Release Video, Pics|publisher=Breaking Defense|date=14 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2019/06/16/centcom-mq-9-reaper-shot-down-over-yemen-last-week/|title=CENTCOM: MQ-9 Reaper shot down over Yemen last week|publisher=Military Times|date=15 June 2019}}</ref>
* On '''23 June''', Houthi rebels carried out a drone attack on Abha International Airport, killing a [[Place:Syria|Syria]]n national and wounding 21.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security/yemens-houthis-hit-saudi-airport-killing-one-expat-saudi-led-coalition-says-idUSKCN1TO0SH|title=Yemen's Houthis hit Saudi airport, killing one, wounding 21: Saudi-led coalition|website={{wipe|Reuters}}|date=24 June 2019|language=en|access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref>
* On '''25 June''', Saudi special forces announced that they captured the leader of the ISIL-YP, Abu Osama al-Muhajer, on 3 June along with other members including the [[Social:Chief financial officer|chief financial officer]] of the organization.<ref name="muhajer"/>
* In '''June''', the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]] began scaling back its military presence in Yemen, amidst the soaring US-Iran tensions closer to home. According to four western diplomats, the key member of the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen, UAE pulled out troops from the southern port of Aden and its western coast. One of the sources stated that “a lot” of forces have been withdrawn in three weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://middleeastaffairs.net/2019/06/28/uae-reduces-military-forces-in-yemen-amid-gulf-tensions-report/|title=UAE reduces military forces in Yemen amid Gulf tensions: Report|date=28 June 2019|access-date=28 June 2019|publisher=Middle East Affairs}}</ref>
*In '''July''', the United Arab Emirates announced the partial withdrawal of its troops from Yemen, amid tensions with [[Religion:Iran|Iran]] on the Persian Gulf.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-a-e-moves-to-extricate-itself-from-saudi-led-war-in-yemen-11562094272|title=U.A.E. Moves to Extricate Itself From Saudi-Led War in Yemen|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref>
*On '''12 August''', fighters aligned with the Southern Transitional Council took control of Aden from the Saudi-backed government.<ref>{{cite news|author= Sarah El Sirgany and Ivana Kottasová| title = Yemen separatists say they've seized the key port of Aden| work = CNN| access-date = 2019-08-14| url = https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/11/middleeast/yemen-aden-southern-separatists-intl/index.html}}</ref>
*On '''12 August''', Houthis shot down another US MQ-9 Reaper unarmed drone over Dhamar, Yemen. The claim was corroborated by two US officials.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-usa-drone-idUSKCN1VB180|title=U.S. drone shot down over Yemen: officials|newspaper=Reuters|date=August 21, 2019|via=www.reuters.com|last1=Ali|first1=Idrees}}</ref>
*On '''26 August''', Houthi rebels fired a total of 10 [[Engineering:Badr-1 (rocket)|Badr-1 ballistic missiles]] at the [[Place:Jizan|Jizan]] airport in southwest Saudi Arabia. The retaliatory attack led to dozens of killings and injuries. Riyadh claimed that it had intercepted six out of 10 missiles fired from Yemen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yemennews.net/news/262195370/yemen-fires-10-ballistic-missiles-at-saudi-airport|title=Yemen Fires 10 Ballistic Missiles at Saudi Airport|access-date=26 August 2019|publisher=Yemen News}}</ref> Houthi fighters ambushed a Saudi Arabian auxiliary force of around 1,100 men from the al-Fateh Brigade in the Jabara Valley in Saada Governorate as part of Operation Victory from God.<ref name="mee-20190903">{{cite news |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/i-curse-myself-everyday-yemeni-mercenaries-say-their-saudi-fighting-days-are-over |title='I curse myself': Yemeni mercenaries say their Saudi fighting days are over |newspaper=Middle East Eye |date=3 September 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref>
*On '''29 August''', the Yemeni government alleged that the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]] conducted airstrikes over the forces heading to the southern port city of [[Place:Aden|Aden]] to fight the UAE-backed separatists. A Yemeni commander, Col. Mohamed al-Oban stated that the airstrikes killed at least 30 troops.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foxbaltimore.com/news/nation-world/yemen-colonel-airstrikes-kill-at-least-30-troops-near-aden|title=Yemen colonel: Airstrikes kill at least 30 troops near Aden|date=29 August 2019|access-date=29 August 2019|publisher=Fox Baltimore}}</ref>
*On '''30 August''', [[Religion:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] took responsibility for a suicide bomb attack in the Yemeni port of Aden, which was carried out by a militant on a motorcycle. The attack reportedly killed six southern separatist fighters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://danilfineman.com/islamic-state-claims-suicide-bomb-attack-on-separatist-fighters-in-yemens-aden-amaq-breaking-news/|title=Islamic State claims suicide bomb assault on separatist fighters in Yemen's Aden -Amaq – Breaking Information|access-date=30 August 2019|publisher=Danilfineman}}</ref>
*On '''1 September''', the Saudi-led coalition fighting Houthi rebels in Yemen launched several airstrikes on a university being used as a detention center in a southwestern province. Initially, 60 fatalities were reported. However, officials and rebels later confirmed that at least 70 people died in the airstrikes in Dhamar, making it the deadliest attack of the year by the coalition.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bellinghamherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article234612577.html|title=Saudi-led airstrikes kill at least 60 at rebel-run prison|access-date=1 September 2019|newspaper=The Bellingham Herald}}</ref>
*On '''8 September''', the Arab coalition including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates urged separatists and President Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi's government to halt all military actions in south Yemen. The two Gulf nations asked them to prepare for “constructive dialogue” to end the crisis between the two nominal allies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2019/Sep-08/491295-saudi-arabia-uae-urge-yemen-govt-and-separatists-to-halt-military-actions.ashx|title=Saudi Arabia, UAE urge Yemen govt and separatists to halt military actions|access-date=8 September 2019|website=The Daily Star}}</ref>
*On '''14 September''', the Houthi rebels claimed the Abqaiq and Khurais drone attacks, which caused massive damage to Saudi oil facilities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/14/business/saudi-oil-output-impacted-drone-attack/index.html|title=Drone strikes knock out half of Saudi oil capacity, 5 million barrels a day|author=John Defterios and Victoria Cavaliere|website=CNN|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>
*On '''24 September''', 16 people including seven children were killed by a Saudi attack in Dhalea province.<ref>{{citation |website=Common Dreams|date=Sep 25, 2019|title='Grief and Anger' in Yemen After US-Backed Saudi Bombing Kills Seven Children, Nine Others
|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/09/25/grief-and-anger-yemen-after-us-backed-saudi-bombing-kills-seven-children-nine-others|author=Eoin Higgins}}</ref>
*On '''29 October''', Yemeni officials reported that a large explosion hit the convoy of the internationally recognized government's defense minister. Mohammed Al-Maqdishi was inside a complex of buildings used as the ministry's interim headquarters in Marib Governorate. However, he survived the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.readingeagle.com/ap/article/yemen-officials-defense-minister-escapes-attack-on-convoy|title=Yemen officials: Defense minister escapes attack on convoy|access-date=29 October 2019|website=Reading Eagle}}</ref>
*On '''13 November''', Oman became the mediator between Saudi Arabia and the Houthi rebels. The country between the two conflicting nations held indirect, behind-the-scenes talks to end the ongoing war of five years in Yemen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gotechdaily.com/saudi-yemens-houthis-keep-indirect-talks-in-oman-to-end-war/|title=Saudi, Yemen's Houthis keep 'indirect talks' in Oman to end war|access-date=13 November 2019|website=GO Tech Daily}}</ref>
*On '''29 December 2019''', a missile-attack by Houthis in Yemen struck a military parade in southern separatist-controlled town of al-Dhalea, which killed at least five people and wounded others, Yemen's Security Belt forces said.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wsau.com/news/articles/2019/dec/29/blast-hits-military-parade-in-yemen/970069/|title=Blast hits military parade in Yemen, at least five dead|last=Inc|first=Midwest Communications|website=WSAU|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> On the same day, the Houthi rebels listed locations on their strike targets, which included six “sensitive” sites in Saudi Arabia and three in the United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boereport.com/2019/12/29/yemens-houthis-list-6-targets-in-saudi-3-in-uae-al-masirah-tv/|title=Yemen's Houthis list 6 targets in Saudi, 3 in UAE – al-Masirah TV|access-date=29 December 2019|website=BOE Report}}</ref>

====Kuwait Initiative====
On 27 September, Kuwait reiterated its willingness to host the parties involved in the Yemen war for another round of peace talks, in order to seek a political solution to the prolonged crisis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://debriefer.net/en/news-11557.html|title=Kuwait reiterates willingness to host Yemeni peace talks|access-date=26 September 2019|website=Debriefer|date=26 September 2019}}</ref> Kuwait had also hosted the Yemen peace talks for three months in April 2016. However, the negotiations broke down in August, after they failed to yield a deal between the parties involved in the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lawstreetmedia.com/news/peace-talks-yemen-back-pressure-world-leaders/|title=Peace Talks in Yemen Back on After Pressure from World Leaders|access-date=26 April 2016|website=Law Street}}</ref>

====Riyadh Agreement on Yemen====
On 5 November, a power-sharing deal, [[Place:Riyadh|Riyadh]] Agreement on Yemen was signed between the Saudi-backed Yemeni government and the UAE-backed southern separatists, in the presence of Mohammed bin Salman, Mohammed bin Zayed, Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, Southern Transitional Council's chief Aidarus al-Zoubaidi and other senior officials. It was signed in Saudi Arabia and was hailed as a wider political solution to end the multifaceted conflict in Yemen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gotechdaily.com/peace-deal-announced-amongst-yemeni-govt-separatists/|title=Peace deal announced amongst Yemeni govt, separatists|access-date=5 November 2019|website=Go Tech Daily}}</ref> Despite the agreement, clashes between the STC and Hadi government forces took place in December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/gulf-of-aden-security-review/gulf-of-aden-security-review-december-5-2019|title=Gulf of Aden Security Review – December 5, 2019|website=Critical Threats|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref>

===2020===
====January====
* On '''7 January''', Houthi rebels shot down a drone belonging to the Saudi-led coalition, in the northeastern province of Jawf.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.althawranews.net/2020/01/saudi-ch-4-drone-shot-down-by-yemeni-air-defnces-in-jawf/|title=Saudi CH-4 drone shot down by Yemeni air defnces in Jawf &#124; Al-Thawra Net|first=Al-Thawra|last=Net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uprising.today/video-footage-of-downing-saudi-ch-4-drone-released/|title=Video footage of downing Saudi CH-4 drone released|date=January 7, 2020}}</ref>
* On '''18 January''', a missile attack on a military training camp in the central province of Marib killed at least 111 soldiers, while dozens were wounded. The Yemeni government blamed Houthi rebels for the attack, as there was no claim of responsibility.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.journalgazette.net/news/world/20200119/shiite-missile-kills-yemen-troops|title=Shiite missile kills Yemen troops|access-date=19 January 2020|website=Journal Gazette}}</ref> The strike targeted a mosque as people met for prayer, military sources told Reuters.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51166943|title=Yemen missile attack kills at least 80 soldiers|date=2020-01-19|access-date=2020-01-19|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51166943|title=Yemen war: Death toll in attack on military base rises to 111|date=20 January 2020 |access-date=20 January 2020|work=BBC News}}</ref>
* On '''29 January''', Houthi rebels said they carried out missile and drones attacks on Saudi Aramco in the kingdom's southern Jazan province. However, Saudi oil authorities claimed that the missiles were intercepted.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldoil.com/news/2020/1/29/yemeni-rebels-claim-new-drone-attacks-on-saudi-aramco|title=Yemeni rebels claim new drone attacks on Saudi Aramco|website=www.worldoil.com|access-date=2020-01-30}}</ref> Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula leader Qasim al-Raymi was killed by an American drone strike.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/02/01/trump-qassim-al-rimi-al-qaeda-yemen-110172|title=Trump appears to confirm killing of al Qaeda leader in Yemen via retweet|first=Evan|last=Semones|website=POLITICO}}</ref>
*On '''31 January''', Houthi armed forces spokesman Gen. Yahya Sarea announced that Houthi forces managed to liberate roughly 2,500&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of territory including the city of Naham, and parts of the governorates of Al-Jawf and Marib, from Saudi-led forces. They recaptured the entire Sanaa Governorate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.almanar.com.lb/930910|title=Yemeni Armed Forces: "Compact Structure" Campaign Liberated an Area of 2500 Sq. Kilometers, Killed, Injured or Arrested Thousands of Mercenaries (Video)|date=31 January 2020|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/> The coalition forces immediately denied this claim, claiming victory and progress in these areas.“In the Nahm district, east of the capital Sanaa, the National Army managed to regain control of a number of Houthi-controlled areas,” Majli said.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2108131/hadi-holds-meeting-joint-command-hq-riyadh|title=Hadi Holds Meeting at Joint Command HQ in Riyadh|website=Asharq AL-awsat}}</ref>

====February====
*On '''15 February''', a Saudi [[Engineering:Panavia Tornado|Tornado]] was shot down during close air support mission in support of Saudi allied Yemeni forces in the Yemeni Al Jouf governorate by Houthis. On the day after, the Saudi command confirmed the loss of a Tornado, while video evidence was released showing the downing using a two-stage surface to air missile. Both pilots ejected and were captured by Houthis according to the Saudi Coalition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranpress.com/en/middle_east-i143899|title=Saudi Coalition confirms Tornado pilots captured by Yemeni Armed Forces|date=February 16, 2020|website=Iran Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://debriefer.net/en/news-14986.html|title=Saudi Tornado two pilots captured by Houthis|date=February 16, 2020|website=debriefer.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theaviationist.com/2020/02/15/ir-video-shows-the-moment-a-saudi-tornado-attack-jet-was-shot-down-by-houthi-rebels-over-yemen/|title=IR Video Shows The Moment A Saudi Tornado Attack Jet Was Shot Down by Houthi Rebels Over Yemen|first=David|last=Cenciotti|date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-16/saudi-pilots-missing-as-yemen-rebels-say-they-downed-fighter-jet|title=Saudi Pilots Missing as Yemen Rebels Say They Downed Fighter Jet|work=Bloomberg}}{{Subscription required}}</ref> The next day, the Saudi-led coalition launched airstrikes, targeting Yemen's northern Al Jawf Governorate and killed 31 civilians.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mirrorherald.com/war-in-yemen-spree-of-hostilities-surround-as-militias-down-war-jet/|title=War in Yemen: Spree of Hostilities Surround as Militias Down War Jet|access-date=16 February 2020|website=Mirror Herald}}</ref>

====March====
*On 1 March, Houthi forces captured the city of Al Hazm, the capital of Al Jawf Governorate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200302-yemen-houthis-seize-strategic-city-bordering-saudi-arabia/|title=Yemen Houthis seize strategic city bordering Saudi Arabia|access-date=2 March 2020|website=Middle East Monitor|date=2 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/officials-yemen-rebels-seize-strategic-northern-city-200301135153794.html/|title=Officials say Yemen's rebels seize strategic northern city|access-date=2 March 2020|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref>
*On 10 March, Houthis forces captured the town of Tabab Al-Bara and other portions of Sirwah District in Marib Governorate in their eastward offensive towards the city of Marib.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/03/yemen-saudi-arabia-jawf-maarib-houthis-war-borders-oil-gas.html|title=Yemen's Houthis advance in Marib, Saudi border areas|date=12 March 2020|website=Al-Monitor}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200312-yemen-houthi-control-strategic-areas-in-marib-governorate/|title=Yemen Houthi control strategic areas in Marib governorate|date=12 March 2020|website=Middle East Monitor}}</ref>
*On 30 March, the Saudi-led coalition carried out an airstrike on the Yemeni capital, Sanaa.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security/air-strikes-hit-houthi-held-yemeni-capital-sanaa-witnesses-idUSKBN21H1GY |title=Air strikes hit Houthi-held Yemeni capital Sanaa:witnesses|access-date=30 March 2020|website=Reuters|date=30 March 2020}}</ref> The attacks came despite the UN Secretary-General António Guterres and other organizations asking to maintain ceasefire during the COVID-19 pandemic. In their statement, a group of regional experts also said that all political prisoners should be released from prisons to tackle the appalling health care system, and mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic from spreading in Yemen.<ref>Link 2: {{cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1060642|title=Release inmates in Yemen to avert nationwide coronavirus outbreak, experts urge|access-date=30 March 2020|website=UN|date=30 March 2020}}</ref>

====April====
*On 5 April, at least 5 women were killed and 28 people injured when shelling hit the woman's section of Taiz's main prison. The shelling came from the part of the divided city controlled by the Houthis.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Chmaytelli|first1=Maher|last2=Ghobari|first2=Muhammad |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-oil-saudi/yemens-warring-parties-accuse-each-other-of-attacking-pipeline-idUSKBN21N06X|title=Yemen's warring parties accuse each other of attacking pipeline|date=2020-04-05|work={{wipe|Reuters}}|access-date=2020-04-05|language=en-us|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The attack was condemned by the High Commissioner of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) Michelle Bachelet, who called it a breach of international humanitarian law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/fil-dactualites/060420/yemen-une-enfant-et-sept-detenues-tuees-dans-le-bombardement-d-une-prison|title= Yémen: une enfant et sept détenues tuées dans le bombardement d'une prison |access-date=6 April 2020|website=Mediapart}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sabanew.net/viewstory/60968|title=UNHCHR condemns Houthi militia's attack on central prison in Tai|access-date=6 April 2020|website=Saba Net}}</ref>
*After the United Nations urged both sides to pursue peace talks in order to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen,<ref>{{cite news |title=As coronavirus spreads, U.N. seeks Yemen urgent peace talks resumption |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security/as-coronavirus-spreads-u-n-seeks-yemen-urgent-peace-talks-resumption-idUSKBN21K1P4 |access-date=8 April 2020 |work=Reuters |date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> the Saudi-led coalition called a unilateral ceasefire beginning 9 April at noon, to support efforts to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ceasefire begins in Yemen to help combat virus |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-52224358 |access-date=12 April 2020 |work=BBC News |date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
*However, despite pledging ceasefire in Yemen, Saudi-led coalition carried out dozens of airstrikes in the span of a week. The Yemen Data Project stated that at least 106 Saudi-led airstrikes, across 26 raids in Yemen have been carried out by the Kingdom over the last week.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/coronavirus-yemen-coalition-bombs-saudi-ceasefire-news-a9470801.html|title=Saudi-led coalition bombs Yemen 'dozens' of times despite declaring ceasefire last week to combat coronavirus|access-date=18 April 2020|website=Independent}}</ref>
*On 26 April, the Southern Transitional Council (STC) announced it was establishing self-rule in the parts of south Yemen under their control. The move threatened to renew the conflict with the Saudi-backed Internationally Recognized Government (IRG) of President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-south/stc-announces-plan-for-self-rule-in-south-yemen-government-calls-move-catastrophic-idUKKCN228001|title=Yemen separatists announce self-rule in south, complicating peace efforts|access-date=25 April 2020|website=Reuters}}</ref>
*By 28 April, Houthi forces said that they managed to capture eleven of the twelve districts and 95% of the Al-Jawf Governorate with only the eastern district of Khab and al-Shaaf still being in Saudi-led coalition control. They controlled all of North Yemen except for Marib Governorate.<ref name=95Jawf>{{Cite news|url=https://english.iswnews.com/13024/audience-question-did-ansar-allah-liberated-95-of-al-jawf/|title=Audience Question: Did Ansar Allah Liberated 95% of al-Jawf?|date=2020-04-30|work=Islamic World News|access-date=2020-04-30|language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=key>{{Cite news|title=Yemen: Houthi army spokesman declares end of Jawf operation, holds 'key to Marib' |access-date=1 May 2020 |website=Middle East Monitor |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200501-yemen-houthi-army-spokesman-declares-end-of-jawf-operation-holds-key-to-marib/}}</ref>

====May====
*On 11 May, the Hadi government forces attacked the separatists' positions in the capital of Abyan province, Zinjibar. An STC official, Nabil al-Hanachi stated that they managed to "stop the attack and kill many of them". The renewed fight between the two sides brought additional risks to the already vague Riyadh Agreement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200511-yemen-govt-southern-separatists-clash-over-zinjibar|title=Yemen govt, southern separatists clash over Zinjibar|access-date=11 May 2020|website=France 24|date=11 May 2020}}</ref>
*On 19 May, the President of STC Aidarus al-Zoubaidi visited [[Place:Riyadh|Riyadh]] for two days, in order to discuss the prolonged impasse with the Hadi government. However, the talks were extended to the eighth day on 26 May, where the Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman was facing a challenge to resolve the conflict between the Hadi government it sponsors and the separatists backed by the UAE. The conflict between the two sides reflected rising differences within the Saudi-led coalition, giving rise to a “war within a war” that the two are fighting against the Houthi rebels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/05/saudi-arabia-yemen-war-fix-anti-houthi-coalition.html|title=Can Saudi Arabia fix Yemen's anti-Houthi coalition?|access-date=29 May 2020|website=Al-Monitor}}</ref>

====June====
*On June 15, an airstrike from the Saudi-led coalition on a vehicle carrying civilians killed 13, including four children.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/17dca7a0cab9057ee838d4a7f0c92fc0|title=Yemen's rebels:Saudi coalition airstrike kills 13 civilians|access-date=15 June 2020|website=Associated Press|date=15 June 2020}}</ref>
*On June 14, the STC confiscated billions of Yemeni riyals en route to the central bank in the port city Aden.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yemeni separatist STC seizes billions of riyals set for central bank |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/yemen-separatists-stc-seize-billions-central-bank |work=Middle East Eye |date=14 June 2020}}</ref>
*On June 21, the STC seized full control of Socotra, deposing governor Ramzi Mahroos, who denounced the action as a coup.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/21/yemen-separatists-seize-island-of-socotra-from-saudi-backed-government|title=Yemeni separatists seize island of Socotra from Saudi-backed government|website=The Guardian|via=Reuters|date=21 June 2020|access-date=22 June 2020}}</ref>
*On 30 June, Houthis forces made further advances on the North of Badya and the South of Marib, seizing 400&nbsp;km of terrain and inflicting 250 killed, wounded and captured Pro-Hadi Government forces.<ref name="400kmIWN">{{cite web|url=https://english.iswnews.com/13982/yemeni-armed-forces-spokesperson-press-conference-regarding-the-operation-in-north-of-baydha/|title=Yemeni Armed Forces spokesperson press conference regarding the operation in north of Baydha|date=30 June 2020}}</ref>

====July====
*On July 2, coalition fighter jets launched scores of airstrikes on several Yemeni provinces. The operation was a response to ballistic missile and drone launchings by the Houthis against Saudi Arabia. The air raids ended a ceasefire that had been in place since April, as part of efforts to battle the coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi-led coalition hits Houthi-held areas in renewed air raids |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/saudi-led-coalition-hits-houthi-held-areas-renewed-air-raids-200702072034014.html |work=Al Jazeera |date=2 July 2020}}</ref>
*On July 21, 2020, the International Organization for Migration revealed that between March 30 and July 18, over 10,000 people got internally displaced citing fear of coronavirus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/health/covid-19-emerges-as-new-cause-of-yemeni-displacement/1917741 |title=COVID-19 emerges as new cause of Yemeni displacement|access-date=21 July 2020|website=Anadolu Agency}}</ref>

====August====
*On August 19, Houthi forces said they captured part of Al Bayda after they launched an offensive.

====December====
On December 31, explosions and gunfire targeted Aden International Airport whilst a plane carrying members of the recently formed Yemeni government disembarked. The attack left 28 people dead and 107 others injured.<ref name="Mukhashaf20201230">{{cite news|last=Mukhashaf|first=Mohammed |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security/blast-gunfire-at-aden-airport-after-plane-carrying-new-government-lands-5-killed-idUSKBN29413E?il=0|title=Twenty-two killed in attack on Aden airport after new Yemen cabinet lands|publisher={{wipe|Reuters}}|date=30 December 2020|access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> None of the passengers were hurt in the attack and the Yemeni cabinet members were quickly transported to Mashiq Palace for safety.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Al-Haj |first1=Ahmed |last2=Magdy |first2=Samy |date=30 December 2020 |title=Yemeni officials: Blast at Aden airport kills 25, wounds 110 |publisher=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/yemen-middle-east-cabinets-sanaa-9fdc085dab7abb0a0f9888158be5ab0d |access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref>

===2021===
====February====
The Houthis launched another offensive on Marib Governorate in late February with the aim of capturing Marib city. After making steady advances in the governorate, the Houthis launched a three direction assault on the city with occasional ballistic strikes. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), over 140,000 displaced refugees from western Marib fled fearing the Houthis' advance.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-25|title=Looming battle for Yemen's Marib city risks humanitarian disaster|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-56168943|access-date=2021-02-28}}</ref>

==Humanitarian situation==

CNN reported on 8 April 2015 that almost 10,160,000 Yemenis were deprived of water, food, and electricity as a result of the conflict. The report also added per source from UNICEF officials in Yemen that within 15 days, some 100,000 people across the country were dislocated, while Oxfam said that more than 10 million Yemenis did not have enough food to eat, in addition to 850,000 half-starved children. Over 13 million civilians were without access to clean water.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tim Lister|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/08/middleeast/yemen-saudi-6-things-lister/index.html|title=The war in Yemen is getting worse – and a civilian catastrophe is looming|publisher=CNN|date=8 April 2015|access-date=8 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409055112/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/08/middleeast/yemen-saudi-6-things-lister/index.html|archive-date=9 April 2015}}<br/>{{cite news|author=Maria abi-habib|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/humanitarian-crisis-deepens-in-embattled-yemen-city-1428340706|title=Humanitarian Crisis Deepens in Embattled Yemen City|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date= 6 April 2015|access-date=8 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407220926/http://www.wsj.com/articles/humanitarian-crisis-deepens-in-embattled-yemen-city-1428340706|archive-date=7 April 2015}}</ref>

A medical aid boat brought 2.5 tonnes of medicine to [[Place:Aden|Aden]] on 8 April 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-medical-aid-boat-docks-in-yemens-aden-2015-4|agency=Business Insider|title=Medical aid boat docks in Yemen's Aden|date=8 April 2015|access-date=10 April 2015}}</ref> A UNICEF plane loaded with 16 tonnes of supplies landed in [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]] on 10 April.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/10/middleeast/yemen-crisis/|agency=CNN|title=UNICEF: Shipment of medical supplies, other aid reaches Yemen's capital|first=Don|last=Melvin|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410144609/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/10/middleeast/yemen-crisis/|archive-date=10 April 2015}}</ref> The {{wipe|United Nations}} announced on 19 April 2015 that Saudi Arabia promised to provide $273.7 million in emergency humanitarian aid to Yemen. The UN appealed for the aid, saying 7.5 million people had been affected by the conflict and many were in need of medical supplies, potable water, food, shelter, and other forms of support.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/04/19/fighting-airstrikes-hit-across-yemen-as-saudi-arabia-pledges-aid/|agency=Fox News|title=Fighting, airstrikes hit across Yemen as Saudi Arabia pledges aid|date=19 April 2015|access-date=19 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419160105/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/04/19/fighting-airstrikes-hit-across-yemen-as-saudi-arabia-pledges-aid/|archive-date=19 April 2015}}</ref>

On 12 May 2015, [[Organization:Oxfam|Oxfam]] warned that the five days a humanitarian ceasefire was scheduled to last would not be sufficient to fully address Yemen's humanitarian crisis.<ref name="trucetakes" /> It has also been said that the Houthis are collecting a war tax on goods. The political analyst Abdulghani al-Iryani affirmed that this tax is: "an illegal levy, mostly extortion that is not determined by the law and the amount is at the discretion of the field commanders".<ref>{{cite web|last1=chronicle.fanack.com|title=Yemeni People Suffer as the World Turns its Back|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/yemen/history-past-to-present/yemeni-people-suffer-as-the-world-turns-its-back/|website=fanack.com|access-date=27 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022202436/https://chronicle.fanack.com/yemen/history-past-to-present/yemeni-people-suffer-as-the-world-turns-its-back/|archive-date=22 October 2015}}</ref>

As the war dragged on through the summer and into the fall, things were made far worse when Cyclone Chapala, the equivalent of a category 2 Hurricane,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/cyclone-chapala-yemen-oman-arabian-peninsula|title=Cyclone Chapala a Rare, Destructive Landfall in Yemen|date=29 October 2015|work=The Weather Channel|access-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117225959/http://www.weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/cyclone-chapala-yemen-oman-arabian-peninsula|archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> made landfall on 3 November 2015. According to the NGO Save the Children, the destruction of healthcare facilities and a healthcare system on the brink of collapse as a result of the war will cause an estimated 10,000 preventable child deaths annually. Some 1,219 children have died as a direct result of the conflict thus far. Edward Santiago, the NGO's Yemen director, asserted in December 2016:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.savethechildren.net/article/yemen-hospitals-brink-closure-health-system-collapses-leaving-8-million-children-without|title=YEMEN HOSPITALS ON THE BRINK OF CLOSURE AS HEALTH SYSTEM COLLAPSES LEAVING 8 MILLION CHILDREN WITHOUT ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE|date=19 December 2016|work=Save the Children|access-date=30 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231075530/https://www.savethechildren.net/article/yemen-hospitals-brink-closure-health-system-collapses-leaving-8-million-children-without|archive-date=31 December 2016}}</ref>

<blockquote>Even before the war tens of thousands of Yemeni children were dying of preventable causes. But now, the situation is much worse and an estimated 1,000 children are dying every week from preventable killers like diarrhea, malnutrition, and respiratory tract infections.</blockquote>

In March 2017, the World Food Program reported that while Yemen was not yet in a full-blown famine, 60% of Yemenis, or 17 million people, were in "crisis" or "emergency" food situations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.forumarmstrade.org/uploads/1/9/0/8/19082495/crs_yemen_report_march_2017.pdf |title=Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention |first=Jeremy M. |last=Sharp |date=March 21, 2017 |publisher=[[Social:Congressional Research Service|Congressional Research Service]] |via=www.forumarmstrade.org}}</ref>

In June 2017, a cholera epidemic resurfaced which was reported to be killing a person an hour in Yemen by mid June.<ref>{{cite news|title=Yemen cholera epidemic reaches 'devastating proportions' as deaths mount|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-12/yemen-cholera-epidemic-at-devastating-proportions/8609246|access-date=13 June 2017|work=ABC News Australia|date=11 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613090529/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-12/yemen-cholera-epidemic-at-devastating-proportions/8609246|archive-date=13 June 2017}}</ref> News reports in mid June stated that there had been 124,000 cases and 900 deaths and that 20 of the 22 provinces in Yemen were affected at that time.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cholera death toll in Yemen doubles in two weeks|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/cholera-death-toll-yemen-doubles-weeks-170613131659368.html|access-date=13 June 2017|work=Al Jazeera|date=13 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613172715/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/cholera-death-toll-yemen-doubles-weeks-170613131659368.html|archive-date=13 June 2017}}</ref> UNICEF and WHO estimated that, by 24 June 2017, the total cases in the country exceeded 200,000, with 1,300 deaths.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicef.org/media/media_96544.html |title=Statement from UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake and WHO Director-General Margaret Chan on the cholera outbreak in Yemen as suspected cases exceed 200,000 |publisher=UNICEF |date=24 June 2017 |access-date=25 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702063819/https://www.unicef.org/media/media_96544.html |archive-date=2 July 2017  }}</ref> 77.7% of cholera cases (339,061 of 436,625) and 80.7% of deaths from cholera (1,545 of 1,915) occurred in Houthi-controlled governorates, compared to 15.4% of cases and 10.4% of deaths in government-controlled governorates, since Houthi-controlled areas have been disproportionately affected by the conflict, which has created conditions conducive to the spread of cholera.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Jonathan |last2=Harmer |first2=Andrew |last3=McCoy |first3=David |title=The political determinants of the cholera outbreak in Yemen |journal=The Lancet Global Health |date=October 2017 |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=e970–e971 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30332-7|pmid=28826973 |doi-access=free }}</ref> 
 
On 7 June 2018, it was reported that the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) had pulled 71 of its international staff out of Yemen, and moved the rest of them to Djibouti, with some 450 ICRC employees remaining in the country. The partial evacuation measure came on the eve of an ICRC worker, a Lebanese national, being killed on 21 April by unknown gunmen in the southwestern city of Taiz. The ICRC stated, "our current activities have been blocked, threatened and directly targeted in recent weeks, and we see a vigorous attempt to instrumentalize our organization as a pawn in the conflict." In light of the serious security deterioration for ICRC personnel, the international organization has called for all parties of the conflict "to provide it with concrete, solid and actionable guarantees so that it can continue working in Yemen." Since the beginning of the conflict, more than 10,000 people have been killed and at least 40,000 wounded, mostly from air raids.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/red-cross-pulls-71-foreign-staff-yemen-security-risks-180607194452321.html Red Cross pulls 71 foreign staff out of Yemen over security risks]. (7 June 2018). ''Al Jazeera News Houthis''. Retrieved 7 June 2018.</ref>

The International Rescue Committee stated in March that at least 9.8 million people in Yemen were acutely in need of health services. The closure of Sanaʽa and Riyan airports for civilian flights and the limited operation of civilian airplanes in government-held areas, made it impossible for most to seek medical treatment abroad. The cost of tickets provided by Yemenia, Air Djibouti and Queen Bilqis Airways, also put traveling outside Yemen out of reach for many.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rescue.org/press-release/closure-yemens-main-airport-puts-millions-people-risk|title=Closure of Yemen's main airport puts millions of people at risk|date=2016-08-15|website=International Rescue Committee (IRC)|access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rescue.org/press-release/statement-humanitarian-community-blockade-yemen|title=Statement by the humanitarian community on the blockade in Yemen|date=2017-11-16|website=International Rescue Committee (IRC)|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>

The [[Organization:United Nations Development Programme|United Nations Development Programme]] published a report in September 2019 that said if the war continues, Yemen will become the poorest country in the world, with 79% of the population living below the poverty line and 65% in extreme poverty by 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/news-centre/news/2019/Prolonged_conflict_would_make_Yemen_poorest_country_in_world_UNDP.html|title=Prolonged conflict would make Yemen the poorest country in the world, UNDP study says|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=September 26, 2019 |publisher=UNDP |access-date=October 11, 2019 }}</ref>

On 3 December 2019, the International Day of Person's with Disabilities, Amnesty International released a report highlighting how the almost 5-year old Yemen war has left millions of people living with disabilities and excluded from medical attention. The armed conflict led by Saudi Arabia and [[Place:United Arab Emirates|UAE]] as part of the former's coalition in the Arab nation against Houthis and terror groups, has given birth to the worst humanitarian crisis, as stated by the {{wipe|United Nations}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/12/yemen-war-and-exclusion-leave-millions-of-people-with-disabilities-in-the-lurch/|title= Yemen: War and exclusion leave millions of people with disabilities in the lurch|access-date=3 December 2019|website=Amnesty International}}</ref>

Humanitarian aid provided to Houthi-controlled Yemen will be scaled-down in March 2020 because donors doubt if it's actually reaching the people in need, UN official said.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/aid-houthi-controlled-yemen-be-reduced-over-diversion-risks-sources-0|title=Aid to Houthi-controlled Yemen to be reduced over diversion risks – sources|website=TODAYonline|access-date=2020-02-06}}</ref>

In June 2020, the UNHCR said that following more than five years of war in Yemen, more than 3.6 million people have been forced to flee their homes, while 24 million are in dire need of aid. The group also informed that a significant gap in funding has been recorded with only US$63 million received thus far, while at least US$211.9 million is needed to run the operations in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2020/6/5ed631574/yemenis-brink-aid-funding-gap-spells-disaster.html|title=For Yemenis on the brink, aid funding gap spells disaster|access-date= 2 June 2020|website=UNHCR}}</ref>

On 2 July 2020, Human Rights Watch reported that detainees at Aden's Bir Ahmed facility were facing serious health risks from the rapidly spreading coronavirus pandemic. The informal detention facility, controlled by Yemeni authorities affiliated with the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council, is grossly overcrowded and was deprived of health care facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/07/02/yemen-aden-detainees-face-dire-covid-19-risk|title=Yemen: Aden Detainees Face Dire Covid-19 Risk|access-date=2 July 2020|website=Human Rights Watch|date=2 July 2020}}</ref>

The [[Organization:World Food Programme|World Food Programme]] (WFP) projected in March 2021 that if the Saudi-led blockade and war continues, more than 400,000 Yemeni children under 5 years old could die from acute malnutrition before the end of the year as the blockade devastates nation.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=March 12, 2021 |title="Hell on Earth": Yemeni Children Starve to Death as U.S.-Backed Saudi Blockade Devastates Nation |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2021/3/12/yemen_famine_child_hunger_nima_elbagir |work=Democracy Now! |location= |access-date=March 16, 2021}}</ref><ref name="urlAs Conflict, Humanitarian Crisis Grows, Yemen ‘Speeding towards Massive Famine’, Under-Secretary-General Warns, in Briefing to Security Council - Yemen | ReliefWeb">{{cite web |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/conflict-humanitarian-crisis-grows-yemen-speeding-towards-massive-famine-under |title=As Conflict, Humanitarian Crisis Grows, Yemen 'Speeding towards Massive Famine', Under-Secretary-General Warns, in Briefing to Security Council – Yemen &#124; ReliefWeb |format= }}</ref><ref name="urlAt least 400,000 Yemeni children under 5 could die of starvation this year - UN agencies | Reuters">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-malnutrition-int-idUSKBN2AC18V |title=At least 400,000 Yemeni children under 5 could die of starvation this year – UN agencies &#124; Reuters |newspaper=Reuters |date=12 February 2021 |format= }}</ref>

===War crime accusations===
[[File:Destroyed house in the south of Sanaa 12-6-2015-4.jpg|thumb|Destroyed house in the south of Sanaa, 13 June 2015]]
According to Farea Al-Muslim, direct war crimes have been committed during the conflict; for example, an IDP camp was hit by a Saudi airstrike, while Houthis have sometimes prevented aid workers from giving aid.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kasinof|first=Laura|title=How Yemen's Civil Conflict Turned Into a Regional Proxy War|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/206161/how-yemens-civil-conflict-turned-regional-proxy-war|work=The Nation|date=4 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506033421/http://www.thenation.com/article/206161/how-yemens-civil-conflict-turned-regional-proxy-war|archive-date=6 May 2015}}</ref> The UN and several major human rights groups discussed the possibility that war crimes may have been committed by Saudi Arabia during the air campaign.<ref>{{cite web|title=Human Rights Watch: Saudi-Led Coalition Bombing Yemen with Banned U.S.-Made Cluster Munitions|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2015/5/5/human_rights_watch_saudi_led_coalition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508071959/http://www.democracynow.org/2015/5/5/human_rights_watch_saudi_led_coalition|archive-date=8 May 2015}}</ref>

Human Rights Watch (HRW) wrote that the Saudi-led air campaign that began on 26 March 2015, had "conducted airstrikes in apparent violation of the [[Social:Law of war|laws of war]], such as the March 30 attack on a displaced person camp in Mazraq, northern Yemen, that struck a medical facility and a market". HRW also said that the Houthis had "unlawfully deployed forces in densely populated areas and used excessive force against peaceful protesters and journalists". In addition, HRW said that by providing logistical and intelligence assistance to coalition forces, "the United States may have become a party to the conflict, creating obligations under the laws of war".<ref name="HRW_2015-04-13_CCH">{{cite web|title=Saudi Coalition/US: Curb Civilian Harm in Yemen |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/13/saudi-coalitionus-curb-civilian-harm-yemen|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2015-05-07|date=2015-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516142452/http://www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/13/saudi-coalitionus-curb-civilian-harm-yemen|archive-date=2015-05-16|url-status=live}}</ref> Other incidents noted by HRW that had been deemed as "indiscriminate or disproportionate" or "in violation of the laws of war" were: a strike on a dairy factory outside the Red Sea port of Hodaida (31 civilian deaths);<ref name="HRW_2015-04-16_FAK">{{cite web|title=Yemen: Factory Airstrike Killed 31 Civilians – Saudi-Led, US-Backed Attack Raises Laws-of-War Concerns|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/15/yemen-factory-airstrike-killed-31-civilians|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2015-05-11|date=2015-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419031604/http://www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/15/yemen-factory-airstrike-killed-31-civilians|archive-date=2015-04-19|url-status=live}}</ref> a strike that destroyed a humanitarian aid warehouse of the international aid organization Oxfam in Saada;<ref>{{cite web|title=Yemen: Warehouse Strike Threatens Aid Delivery – Inquiry Still Needed If Saudi-Led Bombing Campaign Ends|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/22/yemen-warehouse-strike-threatens-aid-delivery|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2015-05-09|date=2015-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427163924/http://www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/22/yemen-warehouse-strike-threatens-aid-delivery|archive-date=2015-04-27|url-status=live}}</ref> the Saudi Arabia-led coalition's blockade of Yemen which kept out fuel desperately needed for the Yemeni population's survival.<ref name="HRW_2015-05-11_CBD">{{cite web|title=Yemen: Coalition Blocking Desperately Needed Fuel – Tankers Wait Offshore as Civilians Go Without Water, Electricity|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/05/10/yemen-coalition-blocking-desperately-needed-fuel|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2015-05-11|date=2015-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514033018/http://www.hrw.org/news/2015/05/10/yemen-coalition-blocking-desperately-needed-fuel|archive-date=2015-05-14|url-status=live}}</ref>

Amnesty International said that several Saudi Arabian-led airstrikes, documented by it, hit five densely populated areas (Saada, [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]], Hodeidah, Hajjah and Ibb), and "raise concerns about compliance with the rules of international humanitarian law".<ref name="AI_2015-04-24_RAT">{{cite web|title=Yemen: Relentless airstrikes that have left hundreds of civilians dead must be investigated|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/articles/news/2015/04/yemen-investigate-relentless-airstrikes-that-have-left-hundreds-of-civilians-dead/|work=Amnesty International|access-date=2015-05-12|date=2015-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518181706/https://www.amnesty.org/en/articles/news/2015/04/yemen-investigate-relentless-airstrikes-that-have-left-hundreds-of-civilians-dead/|archive-date=2015-05-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AI_2015-05-08_MEH">{{cite web|title=Yemen: Mounting evidence of high civilian toll of Saudi-led airstrikes|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/articles/news/2015/05/yemen-mounting-evidence-of-high-civilian-toll-of-saudi-led-airstrikes/|work=Amnesty International|access-date=2015-05-12|date=2015-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518163535/https://www.amnesty.org/en/articles/news/2015/05/yemen-mounting-evidence-of-high-civilian-toll-of-saudi-led-airstrikes/|archive-date=2015-05-18|url-status=live}}</ref> Amnesty International added, that according to its research, at least 139 people, including at least 97 civilians (33 of whom were children) were killed during these strikes, and 460 individuals were injured (at least 157 whom were civilians).<ref name="AI_2015-04-24_RAT"/> HRW also said that pro-Houthi fighters may have committed war crimes when two women were killed in Yemen and aid workers were arrested for two weeks.<ref name="HRW_2015-05-07_PHF">{{cite web|title=Yemen: Pro-Houthi Forces Attack, Detain Civilians|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/05/07/yemen-pro-houthi-forces-attack-detain-civilians|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2015-05-11|date=2015-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509204656/http://www.hrw.org/news/2015/05/07/yemen-pro-houthi-forces-attack-detain-civilians|archive-date=2015-05-09|url-status=live}}</ref>

U.N. Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, Johannes van der Klaauw, said that air strikes by the Saudi-led coalition on Sa'ada city in Yemen, where many civilians were trapped, were in breach of international humanitarian law, despite calls for civilians to leave the area. Scores of civilians were reportedly killed and thousands forced to flee their homes after the Saudi-led coalition declared the entire governorate a military target, he said.<ref name="ReutersUS_2015-05-09_SSY">{{cite web|last=Miles|first=Tom|title=Saudi-led strikes in Yemen break international law: U.N. coordinator|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi-un-idUSKBN0NU0PN20150509|work=Reuters U.S.|access-date=2015-05-10|date=2015-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518084543/http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/HC%20Statement%20on%20Yemen%209%20May%202015.pdf|archive-date=2015-05-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="VanDerKlaauw_2015-05-09">{{cite web|title=Statement by the Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, Johannes Van Der Klaauw (9 May 2015) [EN/AR]|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/HC%20Statement%20on%20Yemen%209%20May%202015.pdf|work=reliefweb.int (original: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affair, UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Yemen)|access-date=2015-05-10|date=2015-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518084543/http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/HC%20Statement%20on%20Yemen%209%20May%202015.pdf|archive-date=2015-05-18|url-status=live}}</ref> Van der Klaauw also said that coalition strikes had targeted schools and hospitals, in breach of international law,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/yemen-rebels-claim-tribal-allies-downed-moroccan-warplane/2015/05/11/27e895c4-f7df-11e4-a13c-193b1241d51a_story.html|title=Intense clashes in Yemen endanger prospects of humanitarian cease-fire|author=Erin Cunningham|date=11 May 2015|work={{wipe|The Washington Post}}|access-date=29 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701162705/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/yemen-rebels-claim-tribal-allies-downed-moroccan-warplane/2015/05/11/27e895c4-f7df-11e4-a13c-193b1241d51a_story.html|archive-date=1 July 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Months after an airstrike on a neighborhood populated by black Yemenis or "Muhamasheen" more than a hundred buildings still remain in rubble and survivors continue to search for any valuables - Sanaa - Yemen - Oct-9-2015.png|thumb|Yemeni capital Sanaa after airstrikes, 9 October 2015]]

A group of 17 aid agencies working in Yemen condemned the growing intensity of airstrikes in the north of Yemen on 8 and 9 May 2015. Save the Children's Country Director in Yemen, Edward Santiago, said that the "indiscriminate attacks after the dropping of leaflets urging civilians to leave Sa'ada raises concerns about the possible pattern being established in breach of International Humanitarian Law".<ref name="STC_2015-05-10_AAC">{{cite web|title=Aid Agencies Call For an Immediate and Permanent Cease Fire as an Additional 70,000 People Flee Coalition Airstrikes in Northern Yemen|url=http://www.savethechildren.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=8rKLIXMGIpI4E&b=9241315&ct=14661497|work=Save the Children|access-date=2015-05-12|date=2015-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518053637/http://www.savethechildren.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=8rKLIXMGIpI4E&b=9241315&ct=14661497|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor has claimed that Houthi militias in alliance with the militants of exiled former president Ali Abdullah Saleh killed purposely at least 22 civilians in Taiz. According to eyewitnesses, the militants launched [[Engineering:Katyusha rocket launcher|Katyusha rockets]] targeting the markets and residential neighborhoods in the center of Taiz. As a result, many civilians were killed and wounded. On the other hand, local media belonging to Houthi militias have denied such accusation, accusing Saudi and [[Religion:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL]] for committing these attacks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euromedmonitor.org/en/article/982/Humanitarian-catastrophe-is-imminent-in-Yemeni-city-of-Taiz-as-Houthis-target-civilians|title=Humanitarian catastrophe is imminent in Yemeni city of Taiz as houthis target civilians|website=Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210203753/http://www.euromedmonitor.org/en/article/982/Humanitarian-catastrophe-is-imminent-in-Yemeni-city-of-Taiz-as-Houthis-target-civilians|archive-date=10 December 2015}}</ref>

In December 2015, HRW claimed that six "unlawful airstrikes" were carried out in the capital by the Saudi-led coalition in September and October, which killed 60 civilians. They also criticized the United States, a party to the conflict, for refusing to investigate the attacks.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/12/21/yemen-coalition-bombs-homes-capital Yemen: Coalition Bombs Homes in Capital] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222141930/https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/12/21/yemen-coalition-bombs-homes-capital |date=22 December 2015 }}. Human Rights Watch. 21 December 2015.</ref> In January 2016, local sources in the Yemeni capital of Sanaʽa reported that a Saudi-led coalition airstrike targeted the Noor Center for the Blind.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} On 8 October 2016, a Saudi-led airstrike on a funeral ceremony that killed roughly 100 people and injured 500, including children. HRW is calling the attack an apparent war crime.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/10/13/yemen-saudi-led-funeral-attack-apparent-war-crime Yemen: Saudi-Led Funeral Attack Apparent War Crime] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015073952/https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/10/13/yemen-saudi-led-funeral-attack-apparent-war-crime |date=15 October 2016 }}. Human Rights Watch. 13 October 2016.</ref>

In November 2017, U.S. Senator Chris Murphy accused the United States of complicity in war crimes and the humanitarian crisis on the Senate floor, stating "there is a humanitarian catastrophe inside this country – that very few people in this nation can locate on a map – of absolutely epic proportion. This humanitarian catastrophe – this famine … is caused, in part, by the actions of the United States of America."<ref>{{cite news|last=Emmons|first=Alex|date=14 November 2017|title=Chris Murphy Accuses the U.S. of Complicity in War Crimes from the Floor of the Senate|url=https://theintercept.com/2017/11/14/chris-murphy-accuses-u-s-of-complicity-in-war-crimes-from-the-floor-of-the-senate/|work=The Intercept|access-date=16 November 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115110927/https://theintercept.com/2017/11/14/chris-murphy-accuses-u-s-of-complicity-in-war-crimes-from-the-floor-of-the-senate/|archive-date=15 November 2017}}</ref> In August 2018 the headline of article on Foreign Policy magazine was "America in committing war crimes in Yemen and it doesn't even know why."<ref>[https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/15/america-is-committing-awful-war-crimes-and-it-doesnt-even-know-why/ "America is committing war crimes in Yemen and it doesn't even know why"]. ''Foreign Policy''. 15 August 2018.</ref> British researcher Alex de Waal has found that the "responsibility for Yemen goes beyond Riyadh and Abu Dhabi to London and Washington. Britain has sold at least £4.5 billion in arms to Saudi Arabia and £500 million to the UAE since the war began. The US role is even bigger: Trump authorized arms sales to the Saudis worth $110 billion last May. Yemen will be the defining famine crime of this generation, perhaps this century."<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/v41/n05/alex-de-waal/monuments-to-famine|title=Monuments to Famine|date=7 March 2019|journal=London Review of Books|volume=41|issue=5|last1=Waal|first1=Alex de}}</ref> In July 2017, and after a challenge mounted by human rights campaigners against ministers who the campaigners accused of "acting illegally by not suspending weapons sales to Saudi Arabia, the UK High Court ruled that the government arms sales were lawful."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-40553741|title=UK arms sales to Saudi Arabia lawful|date=10 July 2017|website=BBC}}</ref>

On 28 August 2018, at a Pentagon news conference in Washington, US Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said that the US would continue to support the Saudi-led coalition. In spite of a commitment by Saudi that "everything humanly possible" would be done and no damage to innocent lives would be caused, the increased civilian casualties in the Yemen war remain unexplained.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/mattis-us-still-backs-saudi-coalition-to-limit-yemen-deaths/2018/08/28/da2cb9a0-aad7-11e8-9a7d-cd30504ff902_story.html?noredirect=on|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181130030345/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/mattis-us-still-backs-saudi-coalition-to-limit-yemen-deaths/2018/08/28/da2cb9a0-aad7-11e8-9a7d-cd30504ff902_story.html?noredirect=on|url-status= dead|archive-date= 30 November 2018|title=US to continue backing Saudi coalition in Yemen war|work=The Washington Post|access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> {{wipe|United Nations}} first report after the coalition claims this to be the world's worst humanitarian crisis, where more than 10,000 have been killed. The report also claims that the governments of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen, may be responsible for war crimes, such as [[Medicine:Rape|rape]], [[Philosophy:Torture|torture]], and use of child soldiers.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://apnews.com/358660bf2da344cfb1c5b24136b4c029|title=UN experts: Possible war crimes by all parties in Yemen|work=Associated Press|access-date=29 August 2018}}</ref>

In July 2019, a large shipment of Australian-built remote weapons systems was exported from [[Place:Sydney|Sydney]] airport. ''{{wipe|The Guardian}}'' reported that the shipment was purchased by the governments of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/jul/25/australian-weapons-shipped-to-saudi-and-uae-as-war-rages-in-yemen|title=Australian weapons shipped to Saudi and UAE as war rages in Yemen|access-date=25 July 2019|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> In August 2019, human rights groups urged {{wipe|Australia}} to suspend the arms sales to the two countries that have been “waging the bloody war in Yemen”. The {{wipe|United Nations}} confirmed deaths and injuries of 17,700 civilians, in addition to the increasing humanitarian crisis and displacements.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/01/australia-told-to-halt-arms-sales-as-yemen-catastrophe-unfolds|title=Australia told to halt arms sales as Yemen catastrophe unfolds|access-date=1 August 2019|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>

On 3 August 2019, the United Nations investigators said the US, UK, and France may potentially be complicit in committing war crimes in Yemen by selling weapons to the Saudi-led coalition which is deliberately using starvation against the civilian population as a tactic of warfare.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2019/9/3/headlines/un_says_western_countries_may_be_complicit_in_yemen_war_crimes_days_after_air_raid_kills_100_prisoners|title=U.N. Says Western Countries May Be Complicit in Yemen War Crimes Days After Air Raid Kills 100 Prisoners|access-date=3 September 2019|website=Democracy Now}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Wintour|first=Patrick|date=September 3, 2019 |title=UK, US and France may be complicit in Yemen war crimes – UN report|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/03/uk-us-and-france-may-be-complicit-in-yemen-war-crimes-un-report|work={{wipe|The Guardian}} |access-date=September 4, 2019 }}</ref>

On 7 October 2019, Yemeni health officials said an explosive device blasted in [[Earth:Stream|Wadi]] Nakhla, Hudaydah, killing at least four children, and wounding two others. The officials blamed Houthi rebels for the blast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/yemeni-officials-say-explosive-device-has-killed-4-children/562506682/|title=Yemeni officials say explosive device has killed 4 children|website=Star Tribune|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref>

In February 2019, an exclusive investigation led by CNN reported the violation of the US arms agreement with the UAE and Saudi Arabia. According to the report, Saudi Arabia and its coalition partners, including UAE, transferred US-made weapons to fighters associated to extremist and terrorist groups like al Qaeda, Salafi militias, and other extremist factions fighting in Yemen, violating Saudi-led coalition's agreement with the {{wipe|United States}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2019/02/middleeast/yemen-lost-us-arms/|title=Exclusive Report: Sold to an ally, lost to an enemy|website=CNN}}</ref>
 
In November 2019, US State Department and Pentagon assigned teams to visit the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]] and Saudi Arabia to probe into CNN's conclusion claiming that American-made weapons are being transferred for use by the separatist militias and rebel fighters in Yemen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/26/middleeast/us-yemen-investigators-sent-uae-saudi-arabia-intl/index.html|title=US sends investigators to UAE and Saudi to probe CNN weapons violations findings|access-date=26 November 2019|website=CNN}}</ref>

In February 2020, British law firm, Stoke White appealed the authorities in Britain, the U.S., and Turkey to arrest senior officials from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for allegedly carrying out acts of war crimes and torture in Yemen. The complaints were lodged under the provision of ‘universal jurisdiction’, wherein the nations must probe breaches of the Geneva Convention for possible war crimes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brecorder.com/2020/02/12/570319/britain-us-asked-to-investigate-uae-war-crimes-in-yemen/|title=Britain, US asked to investigate UAE 'war crimes' in Yemen|last=Reuters|date=2020-02-12|website=Business Recorder|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref>

In March 2020, the Saudi military forces fighting insurgents and Houthi rebel groups in the Yemeni civil war, was accused of carrying out abuse of Yemeni civilians in the country's remote eastern province, al-Mahrah. The Saudi-backed Yemeni forces and Saudi's own military forces have been accused by the Human Rights Watch of carrying out serious abuse of [[Philosophy:Human rights|human rights]] in the proxy war ongoing since 2015, by [[Social:Arbitrary arrest and detention|arbitrarily arresting]], torturing, and illegally transferring detainees to the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/125e600cc3a3e06fe5b17c101397b64a|title=Human rights group accuses Saudi forces in Yemen of abuses|access-date=25 March 2020|website=Associated Press|date=25 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/03/25/world/middleeast/ap-ml-yemen-rights.html|title=Human Rights Group Accuses Saudi Forces in Yemen of Abuses|access-date=25 March 2020|website=The New York Times}}</ref>

On 21 June 2020, ''The Guardian'' reported that after a strong campaign against arms trade in the {{wipe|United Kingdom}} in 2019, a court of appeal listed supply of arms to Saudi Arabia as unlawful. However, the UK government allegedly continued the arms supply to Saudi Arabia and ignored the landmark ruling that declared it unlawful.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/21/uk-accused-of-selling-arms-to-saudi-arabia-a-year-after-court-ban|title=UK accused of selling arms to Saudi Arabia a year after court ban|access-date=21 June 2020|website=The Guardian|date=21 June 2020}}</ref>

On 30 June 2020, the Yemeni human rights group Mwatana reported hundreds of cases of [[Social:Forced disappearance|forced disappearance]], [[Philosophy:Torture|torture]], and killing in secret prisons in Yemen. The reports documented the cases from May 2016 to April 2020 and revealed more than 1,600 cases of arbitrary detentions, 770 forced disappearances, 344 cases of torture and at least 66 deaths in unofficial detention centers have been recorded. Further bifurcating it said that the UAE-backed forces are responsible for 327 disappearances, 141 cases of torture, and 25 deaths in detention, while the Saudi-backed Yemeni government bears the responsibility for 65 cases of torture and more than two dozen deaths.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/m7j7nn/yemen-disappeared-torture-killed|title=Yemenis Are Being Disappeared, Tortured, Then Killed in Unofficial Prisons| access-date=30 June 2020|website=VICE}}</ref>

The {{wipe|United Nations}} confirmed that an airstrike hit the northern province of Yemen on 6 August 2020, which led to an undocumented, but a large number of civilian casualties. The health minister of Yemen's Houthi-controlled area confirmed that 9 children were among those killed, while 12 children and women were injured in the airstrike carried out by the Saudi-led coalition.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/world/middleeast/egypt-dissident-extradition-spain.html|title=U.N. Condemns Air Strikes in Yemen That Reportedly Killed Children|access-date=7 August 2020|website=The New York Times|date=14 July 2020|last1=Minder|first1=Raphael|last2=Walsh|first2=Declan}}</ref>

On 14 September 2020, Human Rights Watch (HRW) wrote that Houthis have a “particularly egregious record of obstructing aid agencies from reaching civilians in need”.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Al-Shamahi|first=Abubakr|title='Egregious record': Yemen's Houthis denounced for blocking aid|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/14/egregious-record-yemens-houthis-denounced-for-blocking-aid|access-date=2021-03-29|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>

On 17 September 2020, a coalition of 39 human rights organizations signed a letter urging Canada Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to end arms exports to Saudi Arabia, which has committed war crimes in the Yemen war. The letter came after a {{wipe|United Nations}} panel listed {{wipe|Canada}} among the countries helping in fueling the war.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-trudeau-urged-to-end-arms-exports-to-saudi-arabia-after-canada-cited/ |title=Trudeau urged to end arms exports to Saudi Arabia after Canada cited for fueling Yemen war |access-date= 17 September 2020 |website= The Globe and Mail}}</ref>

An investigation led by the Sky News disclosed the evidence of a 12 July 2020 air-strike that hit northern Yemen. It was reportedly carried out by the Saudi-led coalition backed by the {{wipe|United Kingdom}} and the {{wipe|United States}} government. The air-strike hit a family home, killing nine people, which included six children and three women. The investigators found fragments of the bomb and some of the shrapnel which seemed to be the part of a GBU-12, 500&nbsp;lb fin-guided bomb, manufactured in the United States of America. The Joint Incidents Assessment Team is still investigating the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/yemen-evidence-of-potential-war-crime-by-saudi-coalition-12083413|title=Evidence of potential war crime by Saudi coalition|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Sky News}}</ref>

According to the official statistics released on 6 October 2020 by the Department for International Trade (DIT), British manufacturers have exported arms to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia worth about £11bn in 2019. The export took place despite a halt on the sale of weapons to Saudi Arabia, for their potential use in Yemen where the Saudi-led coalition has committed multiple counts of war crimes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/uk-complicit-atrocities-arms-licences-22824868|title=UK 'complicit in atrocities' with arms licenses issued to Saudi Arabia at record high|access-date=6 October 2020|website=The Guardian}}</ref> Britain ranked on the second number after the United States, which tops the list. As of 10 October 2020, the Britain sales were reported to have exceeded, with the UK issuing almost one record average of arms license to Saudi Arabia per day.

Saudi Arabia and the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]] hired child soldiers from Sudan (especially from Darfur), and Yemen to fight against Houthis during the civil war.<ref name="urlChild soldiers from Darfur fighting at front line of war in Yemen, returned soldiers say | The Independent">{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/child-soldiers-yemen-war-sudan-saudi-arabia-darfur-poor-front-line-deaths-janjaweed-a8703186.html |title=Child soldiers from Darfur fighting at front line of war in Yemen, returned soldiers say &#124; The Independent |website= |date=29 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230073303/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/child-soldiers-yemen-war-sudan-saudi-arabia-darfur-poor-front-line-deaths-janjaweed-a8703186.html |archive-date=30 December 2018 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="urlSaudi Arabia recruited Darfur children to fight in Yemen: NYT | Saudi Arabia News | Al Jazeera">{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/12/saudi-arabia-recruited-darfur-children-fight-yemen-nyt-181229111259452.html |title=Saudi Arabia recruited Darfur children to fight in Yemen: NYT &#124; Saudi Arabia News &#124; Al Jazeera |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101131950/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/12/saudi-arabia-recruited-darfur-children-fight-yemen-nyt-181229111259452.html |archive-date=1 January 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="urlOn the Front Line of the Saudi War in Yemen: Child Soldiers From Darfur - The New York Times">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/28/world/africa/saudi-sudan-yemen-child-fighters.html |title=On the Front Line of the Saudi War in Yemen: Child Soldiers From Darfur – The New York Times |newspaper=The New York Times |website= |date=28 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101100946/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/28/world/africa/saudi-sudan-yemen-child-fighters.html |archive-date=1 January 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |last1=Kirkpatrick |first1=David D. }}</ref>

British SAS special forces are allegedly involved in training child soldiers in Yemen. Reportedly at least 40% of soldiers fighting for the Saudi-led coalition are children.<ref name="urlSerious questions over SAS involvement in Yemen war | UK news | The Guardian">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/mar/27/serious-questions-over-sas-involvement-in-yemen-war |title='Serious' questions over SAS involvement in Yemen war &#124; UK news &#124; The Guardian |date=27 March 2019 |format= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328170441/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/mar/27/serious-questions-over-sas-involvement-in-yemen-war |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Saudi Arabia is also hiring Yemeni child soldiers to guard the Saudi Arabia-Yemen border against Houthis.<ref name="urlExclusive: Yemeni child soldiers recruited by Saudi-UAE coalition | Saudi Arabia News | Al Jazeera">{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2019/03/exclusive-yemeni-child-soldiers-recruited-saudi-uae-coalition-190329132329547.html |title=Exclusive: Yemeni child soldiers recruited by Saudi-UAE coalition &#124; Saudi Arabia News &#124; Al Jazeera |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402091726/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2019/03/exclusive-yemeni-child-soldiers-recruited-saudi-uae-coalition-190329132329547.html |archive-date=2 April 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

In June 2019, Mike Pompeo, the US secretary of state, has blocked the inclusion of Saudi Arabia on the US list of countries that recruit child soldiers, dismissing his experts’ findings that a Saudi-led coalition has been using children in Yemen's civil war.<ref name="urlPompeo blocks inclusion of Saudi Arabia on US child soldiers list | US news | The Guardian">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jun/18/mike-pompeo-saudi-arabia-yemen-sudan-child-soldiers |title=Pompeo blocks inclusion of Saudi Arabia on US child soldiers list &#124; US news &#124; The Guardian |date=18 June 2019 |format= }}</ref>

===Refugees===
Djibouti, a small country in the [[Place:Horn of Africa|Horn of Africa]] across the Bab-el-Mandeb strait from Yemen, has received an influx of refugees since the start of the campaign.<ref name="youssouf" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-30/djibouti-backs-military-intervention-in-yemen-la-nation-reports|title=Djibouti Backs Military Intervention in Yemen, La Nation Reports|agency=Bloomberg L.P.|date=30 March 2015|access-date=3 April 2015|first=Paul|last=Richardson|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402192544/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-30/djibouti-backs-military-intervention-in-yemen-la-nation-reports|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/09/middleeast/yemen-refugees-djibouti/index.html|date=9 April 2015|access-date=9 April 2015|title='A window into hell:' Desperate Yemenis flee Saudi airstrikes by boat|first=Nima|last=Elbagir|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409165619/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/09/middleeast/yemen-refugees-djibouti/index.html|archive-date=9 April 2015}}</ref> Refugees also fled from Yemen to Somalia, arriving by sea in Somaliland and Puntland starting 28 March.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/03/31/fleeing-violence-in-yemen-refugees-arrive-in-somalia|agency=U.S. News and World Report|title=Fleeing violence at home, dozens of Yemeni refugees arrive in Somalia|first=Abdi|last=Guled|date=31 March 2015|access-date=3 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410041424/http://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/03/31/fleeing-violence-in-yemen-refugees-arrive-in-somalia|archive-date=10 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.vice.com/article/yemens-conflict-is-getting-so-bad-that-some-yemenis-are-fleeing-to-somalia|agency=VICE News|title=Yemen's Conflict is Getting So Bad that Some Yemenis Are Fleeing to Somalia|first=Alice|last=Speri|date=2 April 2015|access-date=3 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406230826/https://news.vice.com/article/yemens-conflict-is-getting-so-bad-that-some-yemenis-are-fleeing-to-somalia|archive-date=6 April 2015}}</ref> On 16 April 2015, 2,695 refugees of 48 nationalities were reported to have fled to Oman in the past two weeks.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.zawya.com/story/Oman_receives_2695_Yemen_refugees_in_two_weeks-GN_16042015_170438/ |title=Oman receives 2,695 Yemen refugees in two weeks |work=Zawya |agency={{wipe|Reuters}} |date=16 April 2015 |access-date=18 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419011906/http://www.zawya.com/story/Oman_receives_2695_Yemen_refugees_in_two_weeks-GN_16042015_170438/ |archive-date=19 April 2015  }}</ref>

According to Asyam Hafizh, an Indonesian student who was studying in Yemen, Al-Qaeda of Yemen has rescued at least 89 Indonesian civilians who were trapped in the conflict. Later on he arrived in Indonesia and he told his story to local media.<ref>{{cite web|last=Purnama Putra|first=Erik|title=Alqaeda Yaman Bantu Selamatkan WNI|url=http://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/15/04/09/nmjmp3-alqaeda-yaman-bantu-selamatkan-wni|website=Republika News|date=9 April 2015|access-date=April 9, 2015 |time=21:24|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412011500/http://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/15/04/09/nmjmp3-alqaeda-yaman-bantu-selamatkan-wni|archive-date=12 April 2015}}</ref> United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported in August 2015 that a total of almost 100,000 people fled Yemen, especially to regional countries, like Saudi Arabia and Djibouti.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2015/8/55c0d5c09/100000-flee-yemen-four-months-since-fighting-started.html|title=Almost 100,000 flee Yemen in four months since fighting started|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|last=Refugees|access-date=30 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314074835/http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2015/8/55c0d5c09/100000-flee-yemen-four-months-since-fighting-started.html|archive-date=14 March 2017}}</ref> In September 2016, UNHCR estimated displacement of 2.4 million Yemenis within the country and 120,000 seeking asylum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/09/yemeni-refugees-still-stuck-on-wrong-side-of-the-water/|title=Yemeni Refugees Still Stuck on Wrong Side of the Water – Inter Press Service|date=6 September 2016|access-date=30 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313235309/http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/09/yemeni-refugees-still-stuck-on-wrong-side-of-the-water/|archive-date=13 March 2017}}</ref>

In 2018, 500 refugees fleeing the civil war in Yemen came to Jeju Island, causing unease among the residents of Jeju Island.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/how-hundreds-of-yemenis-fleeing-the-worlds-worst-humanitarian-crisis-ended-up-on-a-resort-island-in-south-korea/2018/06/20/cf0b49fc-7381-11e8-805c-4b67019fcfe4_story.html|title=How hundreds of Yemenis fleeing the world's worst humanitarian crisis ended up on a resort island in South Korea|first=Brian|last=Murphy|date=22 June 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3388f37a-79ae-11e8-bc55-50daf11b720d|title=South Koreans outraged as 500 Yemeni refugees flee to island|newspaper=Financial Times|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2018/06/177_250806.html|title=Yemeni refugees' fate tested on Jeju Island|date=17 June 2018|newspaper=Korea Times|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/south-korea-to-tighten-laws-amid-influx-of-yemeni-asylum-seekers-to-resort-island-of|title=South Korea to tighten laws amid influx of Yemeni asylum-seekers to resort island of Jeju|newspaper=Straits Times |date=29 June 2018|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20180629000691|title=Justice Ministry proposes reinforcement measures to amend refugee act|newspaper=The Korea Herald|date=29 June 2018|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://v.media.daum.net/v/20180619201912143|title=제주 온 예멘인 500여 명 난민 신청..엇갈리는 시선|date=2018-06-19|work=다음 뉴스|access-date=5 May 2021|language=ko}}</ref>

According to the International Organisation for Migration, despite the dangerous situation, nearly 150,000 migrants from Ethiopia arrived in Yemen in 2018, most of whom were on their way to Saudi Arabia in search of employment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.undispatch.com/yemen-received-more-migrants-in-2018-than-europe/|title=Yemen Received More Migrants in 2018 than Europe|last=Goldberg|first=Mark Leon|date=2019-01-02|website=UN Dispatch|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref>

In October 2019, Kuwait donated $12 million to the UNHCR to support its humanitarian programs in Yemen. Salvatore Lombardo, Chief of Staff at office of the UNHCR, said that the donation will be allocated to address the issues of Yemen's internally displaced persons (IDPs).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.26sepnews.net/2019/10/01/kuwait-donates-12-million-for-unhcr-programs-in-yemen/|title= Kuwait donates $12 million for UNHCR programs in Yemen|access-date=1 October 2019|website=Yemen National Military Web|date= October 2019}}</ref>

===Evacuation of foreign nationals from Yemen===
[[File:Registration of Indian citizens evacuating from Yemen in progress (2015) - 1.jpg|thumb|Registration of {{wipe|India}}n citizens evacuating from Yemen in March 2015]]
The Royal Saudi Navy evacuated diplomats and {{wipe|United Nations}} staff from Aden to Jeddah on 28 March 2015 as the Houthis targeted the city.<ref name="flee">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0ML0YC20150328|work=Reuters|title=Diplomats and U.N. staff flee Yemen as Houthis target Aden|date=28 March 2015|access-date=28 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328060358/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/28/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0ML0YC20150328|archive-date=28 March 2015}}</ref>

{{wipe|Pakistan}} dispatched two special PIA flights to evacuate from Aden some 500 stranded Pakistanis on 29 March 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan evacuates hundreds during pause in Yemen strikes – Saudi official|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-pakistan-idINKBN0MP05G20150329|access-date=29 March 2015|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401022431/http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/03/29/yemen-security-pakistan-idINKBN0MP05G20150329|archive-date=1 April 2015}}</ref> Several UN staff members and Arab diplomats were also evacuated following the airstrikes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi Diplomats, U.N. Officials Evacuate Yemen|url=http://www.newsweek.com/saudi-un-officials-evacuate-yemen-317576|access-date=29 March 2015|work=Newsweek|date=29 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329114151/http://www.newsweek.com/saudi-un-officials-evacuate-yemen-317576|archive-date=29 March 2015}}</ref>

The {{wipe|India}}n government responded by deploying ships and planes to Yemen to evacuate stranded Indians. India began evacuating its citizens from Aden on 2 April by sea.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-begins-evacuating-citizens/article7054994.ece|agency=The Hindu|title=India begins evacuating citizens|date=3 April 2015|access-date=3 April 2015}}</ref> An air evacuation of Indian nationals from [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]] to [[Place:Djibouti (city)|Djibouti]] started on 3 April, after the Indian government obtained permission to land two [[Engineering:Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320s]] at the Houthi-controlled airport.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/air-evacuation-from-yemen-begins/62352.html|title=Air evacuation from Yemen begins|date=3 April 2015|access-date=3 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405030945/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/air-evacuation-from-yemen-begins/62352.html|archive-date=5 April 2015}}</ref> The Indian Armed Forces carried out rescue operation codenamed ''Operation Raahat'' and evacuated more than 4640 overseas Indians in Yemen along with 960 foreign nationals of 41 countries.<ref name="Kumar 2015">{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Hari|title=India Concludes Evacuation of Its Citizens From Yemen|website=NYTimes.com|date=2015-04-10|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/11/world/asia/india-concludes-evacuation-of-its-citizens-from-yemen.html?nytmobile=0|access-date=2015-04-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420010009/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/11/world/asia/india-concludes-evacuation-of-its-citizens-from-yemen.html?nytmobile=0|archive-date=20 April 2015}}</ref> The Sanaa air evacuation ended on 9 April 2015 while the Aden evacuation by sea ended on 11 April 2015.<ref name=onein2015>{{cite web|title=India evacuates 4,640 nationals, 960 others from Yemen|website=www.oneindia.com|date=2015-04-10|url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/india-evacuates-4640-nationals-960-others-from-yemen-1711703.html|access-date=2015-04-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429092021/http://www.oneindia.com/india/india-evacuates-4640-nationals-960-others-from-yemen-1711703.html|archive-date=29 April 2015}}<br/>{{cite web|title=1000 nationals from 41 countries: India's Yemen evacuation finally ends and the world is floored|website=Firstpost|date=2015-04-10|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/1000-nationals-41-countries-indias-yemen-evacuation-finally-ends-world-floored-2192271.html|access-date=2015-04-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411190901/http://www.firstpost.com/india/1000-nationals-41-countries-indias-yemen-evacuation-finally-ends-world-floored-2192271.html|archive-date=11 April 2015}}<br/>{{cite web|title=India appreciates Pakistan's gesture of evacuating its nationals from Yemen|website=The Times of India|date=2015-04-08|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/india/India-appreciates-Pakistans-gesture-of-evacuating-its-nationals-from-Yemen/articleshow/46852396.cms|access-date=2015-04-08|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412192753/http://m.timesofindia.com/india/India-appreciates-Pakistans-gesture-of-evacuating-its-nationals-from-Yemen/articleshow/46852396.cms|archive-date=12 April 2015}}<br/>{{cite web|title=Yemen crisis: Number of Indian evacuees reach 4000 mark|website=Zee News|date=2015-04-07|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/yemen-crisis-number-of-indian-evacuees-reach-4000-mark_1574979.html|access-date=2015-04-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413005552/http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/yemen-crisis-number-of-indian-evacuees-reach-4000-mark_1574979.html|archive-date=13 April 2015}}<br/>{{cite web|title=4,000 Indians rescued so far, Yemen air evacuation op to end on Wed|website=www.hindustantimes.com|date=2015-04-07|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/4-000-indians-rescued-so-far-yemen-air-evacuation-op-to-end-on-wed/article1-1334906.aspx|access-date=2015-04-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407190743/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/4-000-indians-rescued-so-far-yemen-air-evacuation-op-to-end-on-wed/article1-1334906.aspx|archive-date=7 April 2015}}<br/>{{cite web|title=India evacuates 232 foreigners including Americans, Europeans from Yemen|website=The Times of India|date=2015-04-07|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/india/India-evacuates-232-foreigners-including-Americans-Europeans-from-Yemen/articleshow/46839994.cms|access-date=2015-04-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407231603/http://m.timesofindia.com/india/India-evacuates-232-foreigners-including-Americans-Europeans-from-Yemen/articleshow/46839994.cms|archive-date=7 April 2015}}</ref> The United States did not undertake an evacuation of private U.S. citizens from the country,<ref>{{cite news|authors=Smitha Khorana & Spencer Ackerman|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/01/american-civilians-yemen-left-behind|title=Americans in Yemen fear they have been left behind as bombing escalates|date=April 1, 2015|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> but some Americans (as well as Europeans) took part in an evacuation organized by the Indian government.<ref>{{cite web|title=India evacuates 232 foreigners including Americans, Europeans from Yemen|website=The Times of India|date=2015-04-07|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/india/India-evacuates-232-foreigners-including-Americans-Europeans-from-Yemen/articleshow/46839994.cms|access-date=2015-04-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407231603/http://m.timesofindia.com/india/India-evacuates-232-foreigners-including-Americans-Europeans-from-Yemen/articleshow/46839994.cms|archive-date=7 April 2015}}</ref>

A Chinese [[Engineering:Frigate|missile frigate]] docked in Aden on 29 March to evacuate Chinese nationals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-china-idUSL6N0WV0EE20150329|work=Reuters|title=Chinese warship docks in Aden to evacuate nationals – port official|first=Noah|last=Browning|date=29 March 2015|access-date=3 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406082628/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/29/yemen-security-china-idUSL6N0WV0EE20150329|archive-date=6 April 2015}}</ref> The ship reportedly deployed soldiers ashore on 2 April to guard the evacuation of civilians from the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/r-aden-showdown-tests-saudi-project-to-tame-yemen-2015-4|agency=Business Insider|title='Armed guards who had disembarked from a Chinese ship' land in Yemen|date=2 April 2015|access-date=3 April 2015|first=Mohammed|last=Mukhashaf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404223504/http://www.businessinsider.com/r-aden-showdown-tests-saudi-project-to-tame-yemen-2015-4|archive-date=4 April 2015}}</ref> Hundreds of Chinese and other foreign nationals were safely evacuated aboard the frigate in the first operation of its kind carried out by the Chinese military.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/china-led-evacuation-from-war-torn-yemen-said-to-include-canadians-1.3020527|agency=CBC News|title=China-led evacuation from war-torn Yemen said to include Canadians|date=3 April 2015|access-date=3 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405192001/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/china-led-evacuation-from-war-torn-yemen-said-to-include-canadians-1.3020527|archive-date=5 April 2015}}<br/>{{cite news|last=Rosen|first=James|date=6 April 2015|title=U.S. agrees to refuel Saudi planes, but isn't evacuating Americans from Yemen|url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2015/04/06/262249/us-increases-role-in-yemen-war.html|newspaper=McClathyDC|access-date=10 April 2015|quote=Beijing said Thursday that a Chinese naval frigate had evacuated 225 people from 10 countries from Aden.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409205526/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2015/04/06/262249/us-increases-role-in-yemen-war.html |archive-date=9 April 2015  }}</ref> The Philippines announced that 240 Filipinos that had grouped in Sanaa were evacuated across the Saudi border to [[Place:Jizan|Jizan]], before boarding flights to [[Place:Riyadh|Riyadh]] and then to [[Place:Manila|Manila]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/saudi-arabia/news/731426|title=More Filipinos evacuated from Yemen|date=12 April 2015|work=Arab News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412034313/http://www.arabnews.com/saudi-arabia/news/731426|archive-date=12 April 2015}}</ref>

The Malaysian government deployed two [[Organization:Royal Malaysian Air Force|Royal Malaysian Air Force]] [[Engineering:Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130]] aircraft to evacuate their citizens from the safe airports in Djibouti and Dubai.<ref name=star/> From Aden they were recuperated first by sea,<ref name=cna/> and there were many in Hadhramaut Governorate.<ref name=star>{{cite news|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/04/13/Hisham-Yemen/|title=Malaysians from strife-torn Yemen|author=Jastin Ahmad Tarmizi|newspaper=The Star|date=13 April 2015|access-date=14 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416011921/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/04/13/Hisham-Yemen/|archive-date=16 April 2015}}</ref> On 15 April, around 600 people were evacuated to Malaysia, also comprising citizens of other Southeast Asian countries such as 85 Indonesians, 9 Cambodians, 3 Thais and 2 Vietnamese.<ref name=cna>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/government-working-to/1786272.html|title=Government working to evacuate Malaysians still in Yemen|author=Melissa Goh|publisher=Channel News Asia|date=15 April 2015|access-date=15 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417234210/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/government-working-to/1786272.html|archive-date=17 April 2015}}</ref>

The {{wipe|Indonesian Air Force}} also sent a Boeing 737-400 and a chartered aircraft to evacuate Indonesian citizens. Indonesians remained in Tarim, Mukallah, [[Place:Aden|Aden]], [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]] and Hudaydah.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of Indonesians to arrive from Yemen |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/04/12/hundreds-indonesians-arrive-yemen.html |access-date=24 October 2018 |work=The Jakarta Post |date=12 April 2015 }}</ref>

The Ethiopian Foreign Ministry said it would airlift its citizens out of Yemen if they requested to be evacuated.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/news/157253/ethiopia-to-evacuate-citizens-from-yemen|agency=World Bulletin|title=Ethiopia to evacuate citizens from Yemen|date=1 April 2015|access-date=3 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403120617/http://www.worldbulletin.net/news/157253/ethiopia-to-evacuate-citizens-from-yemen|archive-date=3 April 2015}}</ref> There were reportedly more than 50,000 Ethiopian nationals living and working in Yemen at the outbreak of hostilities.<ref name="ethiopia">{{cite news|url=http://en.starafrica.com/news/ethiopia-mulls-withdrawing-citizens-from-yemen.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406210702/http://en.starafrica.com/news/ethiopia-mulls-withdrawing-citizens-from-yemen.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 April 2015|agency=StarAfrica|title=Ethiopia mulls withdrawing citizens from Yemen|date=2 April 2015|access-date=3 April 2015}}</ref> More than 3,000 Ethiopians registered to evacuate from Yemen, and as of 17 April, the Ethiopian Foreign Ministry had confirmed 200 evacuees to date.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ena.gov.et/en/index.php/social/item/652-ethiopia-pulling-citizens-out-of-yemen|agency=Ethiopian News Agency|title=Ethiopia pulling citizens out of Yemen|date=17 April 2015|access-date=17 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418044730/http://www.ena.gov.et/en/index.php/social/item/652-ethiopia-pulling-citizens-out-of-yemen|archive-date=18 April 2015}}</ref>

Throughout April {{wipe|Russia}}n military forces evacuated more than 1,000 people of various nationalities, including primarily Russian citizens, on at least nine flights to Chkalovsky Airport, a military air base near [[Place:Moscow|Moscow]]. In early April around 900 had come from Houthi-controlled Sanaa, and the balance from Aden.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.menafn.com/1094183814/Russia-Evacuates-160-People-from-Yemen|title=Russia Evacuates 160 People from Yemen|publisher=MENAFN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712202320/http://www.menafn.com/1094183814/Russia-Evacuates-160-People-from-Yemen|archive-date=12 July 2015}}</ref>

The UNSC Resolution 2216 was then agreed on 14 April 2015.<ref name=unsc2216/>

===Impact on citizens===
====Children and women====
[[File:161 Code Pink at Senator Nelson (39025312181).jpg|thumb|[[Organization:Code Pink|Code Pink]] anti-war activists protest U.S. Senators supporting Saudi-U.S. arms deals, December 2017]]
According to UN estimates, the war has directly caused the death of over 3,000 children {{as of|lc=1|December 2020}}; while indirect causes of the war (lack of food, health and infrastructure) have led to additional deaths.<ref name="2020_UN"/>

Yemeni refugee women and children are extremely susceptible to smuggling and human trafficking.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2013-03-25/human-trafficking-growing-concern-yemen-minister|title=Human trafficking a growing concern in Yemen: Minister|work=Public Radio International|access-date=2017-04-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415011240/https://www.pri.org/stories/2013-03-25/human-trafficking-growing-concern-yemen-minister|archive-date=15 April 2017}}</ref> NGOs report that vulnerable populations in Yemen were at increased risk for human trafficking in 2015 because of ongoing armed conflict, civil unrest, and lawlessness. Migrant workers from the Somalia who remained in Yemen during this period suffered from increased violence, and women and children became most vulnerable to human trafficking. Prostitution on women and child sex workers is a social issue in Yemen. Citizens of other gulf states are beginning to be drawn into the sex tourism industry. The poorest people in Yemen work locally and children are commonly sold as sex slaves abroad. While this issue is worsening, the plight of Somali's in Yemen has been ignored by the government.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-somalis-prostitution-idUSTRE61950M20100210|title=Desperate Somalis turn to prostitution in Yemen|date=2017-02-10|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-04-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226212838/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-somalis-prostitution-idUSTRE61950M20100210|archive-date=26 February 2017}}</ref>

Children are recruited between the ages of 13 and 17, and as young as 10 years old into armed forces despite a law against it in 1991. The rate of militant recruitment in Yemen increases exponentially. According to an international organization, between 26 March and 24 April 2015, armed groups recruited at least 140 children.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2016/258893.htm|title=Yemen (Special Case)|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=2017-04-13}}</ref> According to the New York Times report, 1.8 million children in Yemen are extremely subject to malnutrition in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yemen Girl Who Turned World's Eyes to Famine Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/01/world/middleeast/yemen-starvation-amal-hussain.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=1 November 2018|date=November 2018 |last1=Walsh |first1=Declan }}</ref>

Both the Saudi-led coalition and the Houthis were blacklisted by the UN over the deaths of children during the war. In 2016 Saudi Arabia was removed from the list after alleged pressure from Gulf countries who threatened to withdraw hundreds of millions of dollars in assistance to the UN, the decision was criticized by human rights groups and the coalition added again in 2017 and was accused of killing or injuring 683 children, and attacking many of schools and hospitals in 38 confirmed attacks, while the Houthis were accused of being responsible for 414 child casualties in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/un-blacklist-saudi-arabia-military-coalition-child-deaths-yeman-attacks-a7985881.html|title=The UN just condemned Saudi Arabia as child killers|date=2017-10-06|work=The Independent|access-date=2017-10-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007003127/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/un-blacklist-saudi-arabia-military-coalition-child-deaths-yeman-attacks-a7985881.html|archive-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/06/08/un-return-saudi-led-coalition-list-shame|title=UN: Return Saudi-led Coalition to 'List of Shame'|date=2016-06-08|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2017-10-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012014102/https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/06/08/un-return-saudi-led-coalition-list-shame|archive-date=12 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/07/world/middleeast/yemen-saudi-arabia-children-war.html|title=Saudis Pressure U.N. to Remove Them From List of Children's Rights Violators|last=Sengupta|first=Somini|date=2016-06-06|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-07|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171206/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/07/world/middleeast/yemen-saudi-arabia-children-war.html|archive-date=7 October 2017}}</ref>
On 16 June 2020, the {{wipe|United Nations}} removed the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen war from an annual blacklist of parties violating children's rights. The decision was taken despite the UN finding that the coalition operations killed or injured nearly 222 children in Yemen, in 2019. The Saudi-led coalition's removal from the blacklist leaves Yemeni children vulnerable to future attacks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/16/saudi-led-coalition-forces-in-yemen-taken-off-un-rights-blacklist|title=Saudi-led coalition forces in Yemen taken off UN rights blacklist|access-date=16 June 2020|website=The Guardian|date=16 June 2020}}</ref>

In mid-May 2019, a series of Saudi/Emirati-led airstrikes hit Houthi targets on the outskirts of Sanaa. One of the airstrikes destroyed several homes, killing five civilians and injuring more than 30. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project, while 4,800 of about 7,000 civilian fatalities have been caused by the Saudi-led coalition since 2016, the Houthis are accountable for 1,300 civilian deaths.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/world/middleeast/saudi-yemen-airstrikes-civilians.html|title=Saudi Warplanes, Most Made in America, Still Bomb Civilians in Yemen|access-date=22 May 2019|newspaper=The New York times|date=22 May 2019|last1=Walsh|first1=Declan}}</ref>

According to UNICEF, two million children have dropped out of school in Yemen since the conflict began in March 2015. The education of other 3.7 million children is uncertain as the teachers have not received salaries in the last two years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.libyanexpress.com/100-russian-mercenaries-fighting-for-haftars-forces-on-tripoli-frontlines/|title=100 Russian mercenaries fighting for Haftar's forces on Tripoli frontlines|date=2019-09-25|website=Libyan Express|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref>

On 9 October 2019, children's advocacy group, Save the Children warned of a significant rise in cholera cases in northern Yemen. The crisis caused by increase in fuel shortages has affected several thousand children and their families.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.660citynews.com/2019/10/09/save-the-children-warns-of-cholera-spike-in-yemens-north/|title=Save the Children warns of cholera spike in Yemen's north – 660 NEWS|website=www.660citynews.com|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref>

=== Health ===
The UN estimates that the war caused an estimated 230,000 deaths by December 2020, of which 130,000 were from indirect causes which include lack of food, health services and infrastructure.<ref name="2020_UN">{{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/12/1078972|title=UN humanitarian office puts Yemen war dead at 233,000, mostly from ‘indirect causes’|date=1 December 2020|website=UN News}}</ref> Earlier estimates from 2018 from Save the Children estimated that 85,000 children have died due to starvation in the three years prior.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/21/world/middleeast/yemen-famine-children.html|title=85,000 Children in Yemen May Have Died of Starvation|first=Palko|last=Karasz|date=21 November 2018|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>

Between October 2016 and August 2019, over 2,036,960 suspected cholera cases were reported in Yemen, including 3,716 related deaths (fatality rate of 0.18%).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yemenonline.info/society/2518|title=2,036,960 Suspected cholera cases in Yemen {{!}} YemenOnline|website=www.yemenonline.info|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref>

The seasonal flu virus in Yemen has claimed more than 270 lives since October 2019. Poor medical facilities and widespread poverty in Yemen due to the war waged by Saudi-led coalition and Houthis have led to the deaths of many infected patients in their homes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scidev.net/global/health/news/hundreds-dead-as-yemen-flu-outbreak-spreads.html|title= Hundreds dead as Yemen flu outbreak spreads {{!}} SCI DEV NET|website=www.scidev.net|language=en|access-date=2020-01-15}}</ref>

=== Religious Minorities ===
As of March 2020, the Jewish Cemetery in Aden was destroyed; as of April 2020, the fate of the last 50 Jews in Yemen was reported to be unknown.<ref>A March 5, 2020 report on the destruction of the Jewish Cemetery at Aden. See {{cite web |title=Killing Jewish Dead...By Dr Cohan|date=5 March 2020 |url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/yemen-desecration-cemeteries/ |publisher=Begin-Sadat Peace Center |access-date=6 July 2020}}. On April 28, 2020 Yemenite Minister Moammer al-Iryani remarked the ''fate of the last 50 Jews'' in Yemen is ''unknown''. See {{cite web |title=Yemen minister says fate of country's last 50 Jews unknown |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/yemeni-minister-says-fate-of-countrys-remaining-jews-unknown/ |publisher=The Times of Israel |access-date=23 June 2020}}.A 2020 World Population Review with a Census of Jewish population by country has ''no'' listing of ''any'' Jews in Yemen.See{{cite web |title=Jewish Population by country |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/jewish-population-by-country/|publisher=worldpopulationreview.com accessed 23 June 2020.|access-date=23 June 2020}}]</ref> On 13 July 2020 it is reported that the Houthi Militia is capturing the last Jews of Yemen of the Kharif District.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimorejewishlife.com:443/news/news-detail.php?SECTION_ID=3&ARTICLE_ID=133047|title=Baltimore Jewish Life &#124; Report: Houthis Arrest Yemen's Last Remaining Jews In A Bid To Ethnically Cleanse The Country|website=www.baltimorejewishlife.com|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref> On 16 July 2020, 5 Jews were allowed to leave Yemen by the Houthi leaving 33 Jews in the Country<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jtf.org/forum/index.php?topic=92931.0|title=Houthis (Arianize) Arabianize Jewish property in Yemen and force Jews to flee|website=jtf.org|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref> In July 2020, the Mona Relief reported on their Website that as of 19 July 2020, of the Jewish Population in Yemen there were only a "handful" of Jews in Sanaa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.monareliefye.org/single-post/2017/05/31/Monareliefyeorg-delivering-for-the-3rd-time-food-aid-baskets-to-Jewish-community%E2%80%99s-members-in-Sana%E2%80%99a|title=Monareliefye.org delivering food aid baskets to Jewish community's members in Sana'a {{!}} monarelief|website=monarelief|language=en|access-date=2020-07-25}}</ref> On 29 March 2021, the [[Religion:Iran|Iran]]ian-backed Houthi government deported the last remaining Yemenite Jews to [[Place:Egypt|Egypt]], ending the continuous presence of a community that dated back to antiquity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2886166/houthis-expel-last-yemeni-jews|title=Houthis Expel the Last of Yemeni Jews|website=Asharq AL-awsat}}</ref>

====Education====
The civil war in Yemen severely impacted and degraded the country's education system. The number of children who are out of school increased to 1.8 million in 2015–2016 out of more than 5 million registered students, according to the 2013 statistics released by the Ministry of Education.<ref name="Moheyddeen">{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/arabvoices/education-yemen-struggles-conflict|title=Education in Yemen Struggles after More than a Year of Conflict|last=Moheyddeen|first=Khalid|date=2016-10-07|work=Voices and Views: Middle East and North Africa|access-date=2017-04-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415011405/http://blogs.worldbank.org/arabvoices/education-yemen-struggles-conflict|archive-date=15 April 2017}}</ref> Moreover, 3600 schools are directly affected; 68 schools are occupied by armed groups, 248 schools have severe structural damage, and 270 are used to house refugees. The Yemen government has not been able to improve this situation due to limited authority and manpower.

Some of the education system's problems include: not enough financial resources to operate schools and salaries of the teachers, not enough materials to reconstruct damaged schools, and lack of machinery to print textbooks and provide school supplies. These are caused by the unstable government that cannot offer enough financial support since many schools are either damaged or used for other purposes.

Due to warfare and destruction of schools, the education ministry, fortunately, was able to send teams to oversee primary and secondary schools' final exam in order to give students 15–16 school year certificates.<ref name="Moheyddeen" /> Currently, UNICEF is raising money to support students and fix schools damaged by armed conflicts.

====Residential condition====
The Yemeni quality of life is affected by the civil war and people have suffered enormous hardships. Although mines are banned by the government, Houthi forces placed anti-personnel mines in many parts of Yemen including Aden.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/n-africa/yemen|title=Yemen|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2017-04-24|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423005013/https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/n-africa/yemen|archive-date=23 April 2017}}</ref> Thousands of civilians are injured when they accidentally step on mines; many lose their legs and injure their eyes. It is estimated that more than 500,000 mines have been laid by Houthi forces during the conflict. The pro-Hadi Yemen Army was able to remove 300,000 Houthi mines in recently captured areas, including 40,000 mines on the outskirts of Marib province, according to official sources.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/node/1290396/middle-east "Yemen army removes 300,000 Houthi landmines in liberated areas]" 24 April 2018. ''Arab News''. Retrieved 15 June 2018.</ref>

In addition, the nine-country coalition led by Saudi Arabia launched many airstrikes against Houthi forces; between March 2015 and December 2018 more than 4600 civilians have been killed and much of the civilian infrastructure for goods and food production, storage, and distribution has been destroyed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/07/10/bombing-businesses/saudi-coalition-airstrikes-yemens-civilian-economic-structures|title=Bombing Businesses|date=2016-07-10|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2017-04-24|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519205502/https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/07/10/bombing-businesses/saudi-coalition-airstrikes-yemens-civilian-economic-structures|archive-date=19 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/25/world/middleeast/yemen-us-saudi-civilian-war.html|title=Arms Sales to Saudis Leave American Fingerprints on Yemen's Carnage|last1=Walsh|first1=Declan|date=2018-12-25|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-17|last2=Schmitt|first2=Eric|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Factories have ceased production and thousands of people have lost their jobs. Due to decreased production, food, medicines, and other consumer staples have become scarce. The prices of these goods have gone up and civilians can no longer afford them for sustenance.

==United Nations response==
The {{wipe|United Nations}} representative Baroness Amos, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, said on 2 April 2015 that she was "extremely concerned" about the fate of civilians trapped in fierce fighting, after aid agencies reported 519 people killed and 1,700 injured in two weeks. The UN children's agency reported 62 children killed and 30 injured and also children being recruited as soldiers.<ref>{{cite news|last1=AFP|title=UN to consider pause in Yemen bombing as death toll rises|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/yemen/11515284/UN-to-consider-pause-in-Yemen-bombing-as-death-toll-rises.html|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=14 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408031426/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/yemen/11515284/UN-to-consider-pause-in-Yemen-bombing-as-death-toll-rises.html|archive-date=8 April 2015}}</ref>

{{wipe|Russia}} called for "humanitarian pauses" in the coalition bombing campaign, bringing the idea before the United Nations Security Council in a 4 April emergency meeting.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/russia-urges-call-humanitarian-pause-yemen-30099311|agency=ABC News|title=Russia Urges UN to Call for 'Humanitarian Pause' in Yemen|first=Edith|last=Lederer|date=4 April 2015|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408061636/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/russia-urges-call-humanitarian-pause-yemen-30099311|archive-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> However, Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the United Nations questioned whether humanitarian pauses would be the best way of delivering humanitarian assistance.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-russia-idUKKBN0MV0JU20150404|title=Russia calls for pause in Yemen air strikes to evacuate foreigners|work=Reuters UK|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410095536/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/04/04/uk-yemen-security-russia-idUKKBN0MV0JU20150404|archive-date=10 April 2015|date=4 April 2015}}</ref>

On 14 April 2015, the United Nations Security Council adopted a resolution placing sanctions on Abdul-Malik al-Houthi and Ahmed Ali Saleh, establishing an arms embargo on the Houthis, and calling on the Houthis to withdraw from Sanaʽa and other areas they seized.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/15/middleeast/yemen-crisis/index.html|agency=CNN|title=Three weeks of Saudi strikes in Yemen, no peace in sight|first=Don|last=Melvin|date=15 April 2015|access-date=15 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415203530/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/15/middleeast/yemen-crisis/index.html|archive-date=15 April 2015}}</ref> The Houthis condemned the UN resolution and called for mass protests.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/04/imposes-arms-embargo-yemen-rebels-150414140733146.html|agency=Al Jazeera|title=Houthis condemn UN resolution on Yemen|date=15 April 2015|access-date=15 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414211650/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/04/imposes-arms-embargo-yemen-rebels-150414140733146.html|archive-date=14 April 2015}}</ref>

Jamal Benomar, the UN envoy to Yemen who brokered the deal that ended Ali Abdullah Saleh's presidency during the 2011–12 revolution, resigned on 15 April.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-un-idUSKBN0N62O020150416|work=Reuters|title=U.N. envoy to Yemen resigns|date=16 April 2015|access-date=16 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416061739/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/16/us-yemen-security-un-idUSKBN0N62O020150416|archive-date=16 April 2015}}</ref> Mauritanian diplomat Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed, formerly the head of the UN's Ebola response mission, was confirmed as the new UN Envoy to Yemen on 25 April.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-un-idUSKBN0NG0QI20150425|title=U.N. chief appoints Mauritanian diplomat as new Yemen envoy|date=25 April 2015|work=Reuters|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022201957/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/25/us-yemen-security-un-idUSKBN0NG0QI20150425|archive-date=22 October 2015}}</ref> The Panel of Experts on Yemen mandated by the Security Council, UN submitted a 329-page report to the latter's president on 26 January 2018 denouncing the UAE, the Yemeni government and the Houthis for torturing civilians in the Yemeni conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20180215-un-report-all-parties-in-yemen-committed-torture/|title=UN report: All parties in Yemen committed torture|work=middleeastmonitor|date=15 February 2018}}</ref>

In December 2018, UN-sponsored talks between the Houthis and the Saudi-backed government were expected to start. The UN also started using its jets to carry wounded Houthi fighters out of the Yemeni capital, [[Place:Sanaa|Sanaa]], to Oman, paving the way for planned peace talks after nearly four years of civil war.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46422206 Yemen war: Wounded Yemeni rebels evacuated in UN plane] bbc.com – Middle East</ref>

According to {{wipe|United Nations}}, more than 3.6 million Yemenis have been displaced in the 5-year-old conflict. The [[Organization:World Food Programme|World Food Programme]], which feeds more than 12 million Yemenis needs more funding to continue the ongoing operations and ramp back up operations in the north. Without funding, 30 of 41 major aid programmes in Yemen would close in the next few weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/06/02/world/middleeast/02reuters-yemen-us-aid-programmes-factbox.html?auth=login-email&login=email|title=Factbox: U.N. Programmes in Yemen at Risk of Going Broke|access-date=2 June 2020|website=The New York Times}}</ref>

On 27 September 2020, the United Nations announced that the Iran-backed Houthi rebels and the Hadi government supported by the Saudi-led military coalition, agreed to exchange about 1,081 detainees and prisoners related to the conflict as part of a release plan reached in early 2020. The deal stated the release of 681 rebels along with 400 Hadi government forces, which included fifteen Saudis and four Sudanese. The deal was finalized after a week-long meeting held in Glion, Switzerland, co-chaired by UN Special Envoy for Yemen, Martin Griffiths. The prisoner-swap deal was done by the UN during 2018 peace talks in Sweden and both parties were agreed on several measures including the cease-fire in the strategic port city of Hodeida. A prisoner swap deal was made as part of the 2018 peace talks held in Sweden. However, the implementation of the plan clashed with military offensives from Houthis and the Saudi-led coalition, which aggravated the humanitarian crisis in Yemen, leaving millions suffering medical and food supply shortages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200927-yemen-warring-sides-agree-to-swap-over-1-000-prisoners|title= Yemen warring sides agree to swap over 1,000 prisoners |access-date=27 September 2020|website=France 24|date= 27 September 2020 }}</ref>

==Other calls for ceasefire==
On 4 April 2015, the International Committee of the Red Cross called for a 24-hour ceasefire to deliver aid and supplies after the Saudi-led coalition blocked three aid shipments to Yemen.<ref name="reuters.com" /><ref name="icrc.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.icrc.org/en/document/yemen-humanitarian-pause|title=Yemen: Immediate 24-hour humanitarian pause needed to bring in medical help|work=International Committee of the Red Cross|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407004412/https://www.icrc.org/en/document/yemen-humanitarian-pause|archive-date=7 April 2015|date=4 April 2015}}</ref> On 5 April, {{wipe|Reuters}} quoted a Houthi leader as saying the group would be willing to sit down for peace talks if the airstrikes stopped and a neutral party acted as mediator.<ref name="Death">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-houthis-idUSKBN0MW0F020150405|work=Reuters |title=Yemen's Houthis ready for talks if air strikes stop: senior member|first=Yara|last=Bayoumy|date=5 April 2015|access-date=9 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408214143/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/05/us-yemen-security-houthis-idUSKBN0MW0F020150405|archive-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> On 7 April, China added its support of a ceasefire in Yemen, following an appeal by the ICRC and Russia for a humanitarian pause.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-china-idINKBN0MY0LV20150407|title=China adds voice to call for Yemen ceasefire|publisher=Reuters India|date=7 April 2015|access-date=7 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723103722/http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/04/07/yemen-security-china-idINKBN0MY0LV20150407 |archive-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>

Despite Saudi Arabia asking for {{wipe|Pakistan}}'s support to join the coalition,<ref name="USA News">{{cite news|last1=Riedel|first1=Bruce|title=Why Pakistan Said No to King Salman|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/04/14/why-pakistan-said-no-to-king-salman|access-date=15 April 2015|work=U.S. News & World Report|date=15 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415062608/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/04/14/why-pakistan-said-no-to-king-salman|archive-date=15 April 2015}}</ref> the Pakistan government also called for a ceasefire in order to help negotiate a diplomatic solution.<ref name="USA Today, Asif">{{cite news|last1=Shahzad|first1=Asif|title=Pakistani premier urges Iran to help bring Yemen's Shiite rebels to negotiations|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/04/13/pakistani-pm-urges-iran-to-persuade-yemens-rebels-to-talks|access-date=14 April 2015|work=USA Today|date=13 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716232115/http://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/04/13/pakistani-pm-urges-iran-to-persuade-yemens-rebels-to-talks|archive-date=16 July 2015}}</ref> Alongside [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]], Pakistan has taken initiatives to arrange a ceasefire in Yemen.<ref name="McClatchy Foreign Staff">{{cite news|last1=Hussain|first1=Tom|title=How long can Pakistan stay out of Yemen fight in face of Saudi pressure?|url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2015/04/13/263004/how-long-can-pakistan-stay-out.html|access-date=14 April 2015|agency=McClatchy|publisher=McClatchy Foreign Staff|date=13 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417025334/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2015/04/13/263004/how-long-can-pakistan-stay-out.html|archive-date=17 April 2015}}</ref> According to analysis written in ''U.S. News'', Pakistan's strategic calculations firmly believes that if the Saudis enter into a [[Social:Ground warfare|ground war]] in Yemen – with or without Pakistani military – it will become a stalemate; therefore, Pakistan is increasing its efforts to potentially help [[Engineering:Engineering analysis|engineer]] a face-saving solution to achieve a ceasefire and end the war.<ref name="USA News" />

On 12 April, Saudi Arabia rejected [[Religion:Iran|Iran]]'s request about a ceasefire in Yemen. Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal said in the Saudi capital, [[Place:Riyadh|Riyadh]], at a news conference with his {{wipe|France}} counterpart Laurent Fabius, that "Saudi Arabia is a responsible for establishing legitimate government in Yemen and Iran should not interfere."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/12/yemen-war-saudi-arabia-ceasefire_n_7049570.html|title=Saudi Arabia Dismisses Iran Calls For Yemen Ceasefire|work=Huffington Post|date=12 April 2015|access-date=13 April 2015|author=Mukhashaf and McDowall, Mohammed and Angus|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413140847/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/12/yemen-war-saudi-arabia-ceasefire_n_7049570.html|archive-date=13 April 2015}}</ref> {{wipe|Australia}} called for the ceasefire in Yemen, because of the civilian casualties numbers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/apr/12/australia-calls-for-yemen-ceasefire-on-eve-of-julie-bishops-visit-to-iran|title=Australia calls for Yemen ceasefire on eve of Julie Bishop's visit to Iran|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 April 2015|access-date=13 April 2015|author=Hurst Daniel|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412223226/http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/apr/12/australia-calls-for-yemen-ceasefire-on-eve-of-julie-bishops-visit-to-iran|archive-date=12 April 2015}}</ref> On 16 April, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon requested an immediate ceasefire in Yemen. Also he said all parties must stop war as soon as possible.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=50601#.VTEnj9yUd9Q|title=In Washington, UN chief calls for immediate ceasefire by all parties in Yemen|publisher=UN News Center|date=16 April 2015|access-date=17 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731035149/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=50601#.VTEnj9yUd9Q|archive-date=31 July 2015}}</ref>

Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif submitted four-point Yemen peace plan to United Nations. In this letter he pointed to enormous civilian casualties and destruction of civilian infrastructure. He said the only way to stop the war is to require that Yemeni parties form a national unity government without any foreign military intervention.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-iran-idUSKBN0N823820150417|title=Iran submits four-point Yemen peace plan to United Nations|publisher=reuters|date=17 April 2015|access-date=20 April 2015|author=Charbonneau Louis|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420011009/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/17/us-yemen-security-iran-idUSKBN0N823820150417|archive-date=20 April 2015}}</ref> Furthermore, since 21 April 2016, peace talks have started in Kuwait at the Bayan Palace.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yemen Peace Talks: Drafting a Roadmap to a Destination Unknown|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/yemen/history-past-to-present/war-in-yemen/yemen-peace-talks/|website=Fanack.com|access-date=20 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011223321/https://chronicle.fanack.com/yemen/history-past-to-present/war-in-yemen/yemen-peace-talks/|archive-date=11 October 2017}}</ref> In June 2015, a solution to ending the Saudi intervention in Yemen sought the participation of a Yemeni delegation to the Geneva peace talks; the delegation came under attack in the Geneva peace talks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.abna24.com/service/middle-east-west-asia/archive/2015/06/19/696106/story.html|title=Houthi Delegation Came under Attack in Geneva Peace Talks + Pics|publisher=ABNA|date=19 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621125719/http://en.abna24.com/service/middle-east-west-asia/archive/2015/06/19/696106/story.html|archive-date=21 June 2015}}</ref>

On 10 April 2016, cease fire agreement reached in Yemen, after months of negotiation,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36011794|title=Yemen conflict: Clashes rattle shaky truce |work=BBC News|date=2016-04-11|access-date=2017-07-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518174756/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36011794|archive-date=18 May 2017}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-led-coalition-promises-to-adhere-to-yemen-cease-fire-1460359998|title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-08-04|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151351/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-led-coalition-promises-to-adhere-to-yemen-cease-fire-1460359998|archive-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> but peace talks were suspended on 6 August.<ref>{{cite news|author=Rod Nordland |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/07/world/middleeast/yemen-peace-talks-cease-fire.html?_r=0|title=Talks to End War in Yemen Are Suspended|newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=2016-08-06|access-date=2017-07-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005101645/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/07/world/middleeast/yemen-peace-talks-cease-fire.html?_r=0|archive-date=5 October 2017}}</ref>

A second Yemeni ceasefire attempt on 21 November 2016, collapsed within 48 hours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-populations-risk-current-crisis-15-january-2017 |title=Yemen: Populations at Risk – Current Crisis (15 January 2017) – Yemen &#124; ReliefWeb|website=Reliefweb.int|date=2017-01-15|access-date=2017-07-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011224052/https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-populations-risk-current-crisis-15-january-2017|archive-date=11 October 2017}}</ref>

The U.S. and U.K. have put immense pressure on Saudi Arabia following the bombing campaign in Yemen and the brutal killing of Jamal Khashoggi, a Washington Post journalist. On 30 October 2018, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said "It is time to end this conflict, replace conflict with compromise, and allow the Yemeni people to heal through peace and reconstruction." Pompeo emphasized that the Houthi rebels must stop firing missiles at Saudi and the UAE, but he also added that "subsequently, coalition airstrikes must cease in all populated areas in Yemen," aiming at Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/31/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-yemen-cease-fire.html|title=U.S. and Britain Seek Yemen Cease-Fire as Relations With Saudis Cool|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=31 October 2018|date=31 October 2018|last1=Harris|first1=Gardiner|last2=Schmitt|first2=Eric|last3=Gladstone|first3=Rick}}</ref> Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said all the parties involved in the war need to take part in peace talks initiated by the UN within 30 days.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46040789|title=Yemen war: US presses Saudi Arabia to agree ceasefire|work=BBC News|access-date=31 October 2018}}</ref> On 10 November 2018, the U.S. announced it would no longer refuel coalition aircraft operating over Yemen. The Saudi-led coalition issued a statement confirming the decision, saying the cessation of aerial refueling was made at the request of the coalition due to improvements in their own refueling capabilities. The move was expected to have minimal impact on the Saudi effort.<ref name=cnn-20181110>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/09/politics/us-yemen-houthis-missile/index.html |title=US to stop air refueling of Saudi-led coalition in Yemen |author=Ryan Browne, Barbara Starr |publisher=CNN |date=10 November 2018 |access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref> The U.S. still provides support for the Saudi-led intervention via weapons sales and intelligence sharing.<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=5 November 2018 |title=U.N.: A Yemeni Child Dies Every 10 Min. from War-Caused Disease, Hunger |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2018/11/5/headlines/un_a_yemeni_child_dies_every_10_min_from_war_caused_disease_hunger|work=Democracy Now!|access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref>

Many U.S. senators were upset with Trump's response on the murder of Khashoggi. The disapproval of the Trump administration's support then took another turn as U.S. senators advanced a motion to withdraw American support from the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen. The senators voted 63–37 to take forward the bipartisan motion, giving a severe blow to Trump administration, which was in favor of Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46376807|title=Yemen war: Vote in US Senate delivers rebuke to Trump|access-date=29 November 2018|work=BBC News}}</ref>

On 13 March 2019, the U.S. Senate voted 54–46 in favor of ending U.S. support for the Saudi-led war in Yemen and called on the President to revoke U.S. forces from the Saudi-led coalition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/senate-vote-yemen-saudi-arabia-war-22c68da5-6205-4eb2-a548-dd122eacb001.html|title=Senate votes to rebuke Trump, end U.S. military support for Saudi-led war in Yemen|last=Sukin|first=Gigi|date=13 March 2019|website=Axios|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref>

In July 2020, [[Biography:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad|Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] said he would be prepared to mediate between the hostile parties in Yemen to end the war.<ref>{{cite news |title= Iran's Ahmadinejad sends letter to Saudi crown prince offering to mediate in Yemen conflict|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-ahmadinejad-saudi-mbs-yemen-war-offer-mediation|work=Middle East Eye |date=27 July 2020}}</ref>

==Other developments==
Armed Houthis ransacked Al Jazeera's news bureau in Sanaʽa on 27 March 2015, amid Qatar's participation in the military intervention against the group. The Qatar-based news channel condemned the attack on its bureau.<ref name="voa">{{cite news|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/saudi-led-airstrikes-continue-for-second-day-in-yemen/2696496.html|agency=Voice of America|title=Egyptian, Saudi Vessels Approach Yemen Coast|first=Edward|last=Yeranian|date=27 March 2015|access-date=27 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328010125/http://www.voanews.com/content/saudi-led-airstrikes-continue-for-second-day-in-yemen/2696496.html|archive-date=28 March 2015}}</ref> On 28 March, Ali Abdullah Saleh stated neither he nor anyone in his family would run for president, despite recent campaigning by his supporters for his son Ahmed to seek the presidency. He also called on Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi to step down as president and said new elections should be held.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ex-Yemeni Leader Urges Truce and Successor's Ouster|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/29/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-evacuates-diplomats-from-yemeni-city-as-houthi-advance-continues.html?_r=0|date=28 March 2015|access-date=28 March 2015|agency=The New York Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331004404/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/29/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-evacuates-diplomats-from-yemeni-city-as-houthi-advance-continues.html?_r=0|archive-date=31 March 2015}}</ref>

Rumors about Saleh's whereabouts swirled during the conflict. Foreign Minister Riad Yassin, a Hadi loyalist, claimed on 4 April that Saleh left Yemen aboard a {{wipe|Russia}}n aircraft evacuating foreign nationals from Sanaa International Airport.<ref name="provinces">{{cite news|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/yemeni-troops-retake-other-provinces-al-qaeda-rules-mukalla-port-city-2129445977|agency=Middle East Eye|title=Yemeni troops retake provinces as al-Qaeda captures port city of Mukalla|date=4 April 2015|access-date=4 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405164138/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/yemeni-troops-retake-other-provinces-al-qaeda-rules-mukalla-port-city-2129445977|archive-date=5 April 2015}}</ref> Later in the month, Saleh reportedly asked the Saudi-led coalition for a "safe exit" for himself and his family, but the request was turned down.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/04/yemeni-leader-asks-gulf-states-safe-exit-150415182159599.html|agency=Al Jazeera|title=Former Yemeni leader asks Gulf states for safe exit|date=16 April 2015|access-date=16 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416003648/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/04/yemeni-leader-asks-gulf-states-safe-exit-150415182159599.html|archive-date=16 April 2015}}</ref>

[[Biography:Salman of Saudi Arabia|King Salman]] reshuffled the Saudi cabinet on 28 April, removing Prince Muqrin as his designated successor. The Saudi royal palace said Muqrin had asked to step down, without giving a reason, but media speculation was that Muqrin did not demonstrate sufficient support for the Saudi-led military campaign in Yemen.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenewstribune.com/2015/04/28/3765544/saudi-king-names-counterterrorism.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150430230639/http://www.thenewstribune.com/2015/04/28/3765544/saudi-king-names-counterterrorism.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 April 2015 |agency=The News Tribune |title=Saudi king, facing challenges in Yemen, fires his heir, foreign minister |first=Tom |last=Hussain |date=28 April 2015 |access-date=30 April 2015}}</ref> A spokesman for Yemen's exiled government told {{wipe|Reuters}} on 29 April that the country would officially seek membership in the [[Organization:Gulf Cooperation Council|Gulf Cooperation Council]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-gulf-idUSKBN0NK1D220150429|work=Reuters|title=Yemen government to request membership in GCC: official Yemeni spokesman|date=29 April 2015|access-date=29 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506030610/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/29/us-yemen-security-gulf-idUSKBN0NK1D220150429|archive-date=6 May 2015}}</ref> Media reports have noted that the civil war has reached nearly all of Yemen, with one notable exception being the remote [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]] archipelago of Socotra,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://triblive.com/usworld/betsyhiel/8131558-74/island-war-yemen#axzz3X2XX5Uex|agency=TribLive|title=Socotra islanders prize peace in sea away from Yemen's civil war|first=Betsy|last=Hiel|date=11 April 2015|access-date=11 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705221901/http://triblive.com/usworld/betsyhiel/8131558-74/island-war-yemen#axzz3X2XX5Uex|archive-date=5 July 2015}}<br/>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2015/04/10/when-al-qaeda-stormed-my-city-reporters-notebook/?_r=0|agency=The New York Times|title=When Al Qaeda Stormed My City: Reporter's Notebook|date=10 April 2015|access-date=11 April 2015|first=Saeed|last=Al Batati|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022201813/http://www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2015/04/10/when-al-qaeda-stormed-my-city-reporters-notebook/?_r=0|archive-date=22 October 2015}}</ref> where the war spread due to the South Yemen insurgency in 2017.<ref name="UAEBacked">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/verge-splitting-yemen-171020063508888.html|title=UAE on the verge of splitting Yemen in two|author=Faisal Edroos|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=20 October 2017|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref>

On 30 September 2019, Houthi rebels released 290 Yemeni prisoners in a move, stated by the United Nations as a revival of peace process, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) said.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/world/yemen-houthi-rebels-free-290-prisoners-icrc-252857|title=Yemen Houthi rebels free 290 prisoners: ICRC|website=WION|language=en|access-date=2019-09-30}}</ref>

In early 2020, news emerged that an [[Social:Attar (god)|Attar]] statue which was smuggled from a temple in Maryamah, Hadhramaut Governorate, was later owned by Qatari royals to be exhibited at the Château de Fontainebleau in 2018, then, a year later, at the Tokyo National Museum (TNM).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mobile.francetvinfo.fr/culture/patrimoine/archeologie/video-de-fontainebleau-a-tokyo-le-bouquetin-en-bronze-pille-au-yemen-qui-court-les-expositions_3831645.amp?fbclid=IwAR2hI-5aN5kn6nZQlMr5l5RfSXsHoXV0AmefDPWkUkExN6Sr0QyFuO2DvFc |title=VIDEO. De Fontainebleau à Tokyo, le bouquetin en bronze pillé au Yémen qui court les expositions |website=francetvinfo.fr |language=French |date=19 February 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.saba.ye/en/news3130568.htm |title=Yemen demands UNESCO to return looted bronze ibex |website=saba.ye |date=28 February 2021 }}</ref>

In August 2020, confidential Saudi documents revealed the kingdom's strategy in Yemen. The 162 pages of classified Saudi documents dates back prior to 2015. The pages showed the kingdom's inaction in stopping the Houthis from capturing Sanaa, despite Saudi intelligence reports. The records also exposed that Saudi Arabia hampered {{wipe|Germany}} and Qatari reconstruction efforts in Saada after a ceasefire had largely terminated years of fighting between the Houthis and the government in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=وثائق سرية مسربة.. الجزيرة نت تكشف حقيقة المواقف السعودية من أبرز الملفات اليمنية|url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/politics/2020/8/2/تجسست-على-اجتماعات-ودعمت-قبائل|work= الجزيرة‎|date=2 Aug 2020}}</ref>

In September 2020, the United Nations announced a swap of "1081 conflict-related prisoners" between the two opponents, including Saudi and Sudanese troops fighting for the Saudi-led coalition.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.startribune.com/2-us-citizens-released-by-iran-backed-militants-in-yemen/572741511/ |title=2 US citizens released by Iran-backed militants in Yemen |website=Star Tribune |date=14 October 2020 }}</ref> In October 2020, two American hostages Sandra Loli and Mikael Gidada who had been captives for 16 months, were freed by the Houthi rebels in exchange for releasing 240 former Houthi combatants in Oman.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/14/us/politics/houthi-american-hostages.html |title=Houthi Rebels Free 2 American Hostages |website=The New York Times |date=14 October 2020 }}</ref>

In January 2021, the US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced his intentions of declaring the Houthi movement in Yemen as a “foreign terrorist organization”. Under the plan, the three leaders of Houthis, known as Ansarallah, were to be listed as Specially Designated Global Terrorists. However, it induced a fear among the diplomats and aid groups that the move would cause issues in the peace talks and in delivering aid to the Yemen crisis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-to-declare-yemens-houthi-rebels-as-terrorist-organization/a-56191364|title=US to declare Yemen's Houthi rebels as 'terrorist organization'|access-date=11 January 2021|website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref>

On 3 March 2021, a court in [[Place:Rome|Rome]] ordered an extension of an investigation for six months around the allegations that Saudi Arabia used Italian weapons in an October 2016 bombing campaign that killed a six-member Ahdal family. The export of Italian arms to Saudi Arabia dramatically expanded between 2014 and 2016, under the then-Prime Minister Matteo Renzi. The Italian Senator was crucially criticized for his increasing ties with [[Place:Riyadh|Riyadh]], where he attended an investment forum and even interviewed the Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The investigation into Italian involvement was initiated as the fragments of the bomb were linked to RWM Italia, which is a unit of the {{wipe|Germany}} arms manufacturer Rheinmetall AG. The Italian export authority, Unit for the Authorizations of Armament Materials (UAMA) was also being investigated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/03/italian-judge-extends-inquiry-into-yemen-deaths|title=Italian judge extends inquiry into Yemen deaths|access-date=3 March 2021|website=The Guardian|date=3 March 2021}}</ref>

Although the United Arab Emirates had announced in 2019 to vacate Yemen and withdraw all its troops, the Arab nation continued to maintain its presence for strategic objectives. Reports in May 2021 revealed that the Emirates was building a mysterious airbase on Yemen’s [[Earth:Perim|Mayun Island]] in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. Satellite images revealed that the construction work to build a 1.85&nbsp;km (6,070&nbsp;ft) runway, along with three hangars, on the island completed on 18 May 2021. Military officials of the Yemeni government said that the UAE was transporting military equipment, weapons and troops to Mayun Island through ships. The island was considered a strategic location for anyone who controls it, offering power for operations into the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea and [[Place:East Africa|East Africa]], and for easily launching airstrikes into Yemen mainland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/mysterious-air-base-volcanic-island-yemen-c8cb2018c07bb5b63e1a43ff706b007b|title=Mysterious airbase being built on volcanic island off Yemen|accessdate=25 May 2021|website=The Associated Press|date=25 May 2021}}</ref>

==Environmental impacts==
===Water===
Yemen is facing one of the world's worst Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) outbreaks. The lack of governance has left Yemen without a viable water supply. Poor sanitation and the lack of clean water has had a deteriorating effect on the health of Yemenis, which is apparent through the increasing cases of cholera in Yemen since 2015. The entire country has been affected by a water shortage and the price of drinking water has more than doubled. Drinking water has become unaffordable for most Yemenis. The problem in Yemen is widespread, thus making it difficult to reduce the problem from escalating because it is hard to supply everyone on a regular basis.

The Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa at UNICEF, Geert Cappelaere, has explained that the fuel shortages in Yemen have deepened the water and health crisis. The water pumping stations in Yemen have been jeopardized as they are quickly running out of fuel and over 3 million people are dependent on these water pumps which have been established through public networks. The ICRC has been working closely with vulnerable people where the resources are limited but aim to prevent the water crisis from worsening by buying 750,000 liters of diesel to provide clean water for people living in Yemen. Already a scarce commodity, the amount of water withdrawn from wells in 2016 reached unsustainable levels. The ICRC has also been working carefully with local authorities to provide water to 330,000 people in Aden. They have also installed wells nearby Aden to provide water to the neighborhood when they are experiencing shortages of water.

Water resources have been used by both sides during the war as a tactic during the conflict. Unlike other countries in the Middle East, Yemen has no rivers to depend on for water resources. In 2017, 250,¬000 people of Taiz's total population of 654,330 were served by public water supply networks. As a result of the ongoing conflict NGO's have struggled to reach the sanitation facilities due to security issues. Since the aerial bombardment, Taiz has been left in a critical situation as the current water production is not sufficient for the population.

Water availability in Yemen has decreased.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.american.edu/cas/economics/ejournal/upload/global_majority_e_journal_1-1_glass.pdf |title=The Water Crisis in Yemen: Causes, Consequences and Solutions |author=Nicole Glass |journal=Global Majority e-Journal |volume=1 |date=June 2010 |pages=17–30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206093845/https://www.american.edu/cas/economics/ejournal/upload/global_majority_e_journal_1-1_glass.pdf |archive-date=6 December 2016  }}</ref> Water scarcity with an intrinsic geographical formation in highlands and limited capital to build water infrastructures and provision service caused a catastrophic water shortage in Yemen. Aquifer recharge rates are decreasing while salt water intrusion is increasing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://climateandsecurity.org/2016/08/03/a-storm-without-rain-yemen-water-climate-change-and-conflict/|title=A Storm Without Rain: Yemen, Water, Climate Change, and Conflict|last1=Werrell|first1=Caitlin|last2=Femia|first2=Francesco|date=2016-08-03|website=The Center for Climate & Security|access-date=2017-04-24|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414164257/https://climateandsecurity.org/2016/08/03/a-storm-without-rain-yemen-water-climate-change-and-conflict/|archive-date=14 April 2017}}</ref> After the civil war began in 2015, the water buckets were destroyed significantly and price of water highly increased. Storing water capacity has been demolished by war and supply chains have been occupied by military personnel, which makes the delivery of water far more difficult. In 2015, over 15 million people need healthcare and over 20 million need clean water and sanitation—an increase of 52 percent since the intervention, but the government agencies can not afford to deliver clean water to displaced Yemeni citizens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2015/09/14/the-perfect-humanitarian-storm-has-arrived-in-yemen/|title=The perfect humanitarian storm has arrived in Yemen {{!}} Brookings Institution|date=2017-04-24|work=Brookings|access-date=2017-04-24|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414163642/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2015/09/14/the-perfect-humanitarian-storm-has-arrived-in-yemen/|archive-date=14 April 2017}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
The Yemen civil war resulted in a severe lack of food and vegetation. Agricultural production in the country has suffered substantially leaving Yemen to face the threat of famine. Yemen has been since UNSC resolution 2216 was approved in April 2015,<ref name="unsc2216">{{cite news |title=Security Council Demands End to Yemen Violence, Adopting Resolution 2216 (2015), with Russian Federation Abstaining |agency=SC/11859 |issue=SECURITY COUNCIL 7426TH MEETING (AM) |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sc11859.doc.htm |publisher=United Nations |date=14 April 2015}}</ref> under blockade by land, sea, and air which has disrupted the delivery of many foreign resources to Houthi-controlled territory. In a country where 90% of the food requirements are met through imports, this blockade has had serious consequences concerning the availability of food to its citizens.<ref name="Rageh">{{Cite news|url=http://sanaacenter.org/publications/item/26-yemens_economic_collapse_and_impending_famine.html|title=Yemen's economic collapse and impending famine: The necessary immediate steps to avoid worst-case scenarios|last=Rageh|first=Farea Al-Muslimi & Mansour|access-date=2017-03-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321005931/http://sanaacenter.org/publications/item/26-yemens_economic_collapse_and_impending_famine.html|archive-date=21 March 2017}}</ref> It is reported that out of the population of 24 million in Yemen, everyday 13 million are going hungry and 6 million are at risk of starvation.<ref name="Rageh" /> In October 2016, Robert Fisk reported that there is strong evidence suggesting that the agricultural sector in Houthi-controlled territory was being deliberately destroyed by the Saudi-led coalition, thus exacerbating the food shortage and leaving the Houthis dependent solely on imports, which are difficult to obtain in view of the blockade.<ref name=fisk16>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-s-bombing-of-yemeni-farmland-is-a-disgraceful-breach-of-the-geneva-conventions-a7376576.html|title=Saudi Arabia 'deliberately targeting impoverished Yemen's farms and agricultural industry'|date=2016-10-23|work=The Independent|access-date=2017-03-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312194049/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-s-bombing-of-yemeni-farmland-is-a-disgraceful-breach-of-the-geneva-conventions-a7376576.html|archive-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*Casualty recording
*Famine in Yemen (2016–present)
*2016–2021 Yemen cholera outbreak
*Airstrikes on hospitals in Yemen
*[[Social:Arab Spring|Arab Spring]]
*Arab Winter
*Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
*Saudi–Yemeni border conflict (2015–present)
*Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
*United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra
*Volcano 1
*Volcano H-2
*Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
*Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)
*Libyan Civil War (2014–2020)
*Syrian Civil War
*Spillover of the Syrian Civil War
*List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
*Muna Luqman
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=IranInfo>See:
*{{cite magazine|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-03-21/exclusive-iran-steps-up-support-for-houthis-in-yemens-war-sources|title=Exclusive: Iran Steps up Support for Houthis in Yemen's War – Sources|magazine=U.S. News & World Report|date=21 March 2017|access-date=30 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322202635/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-03-21/exclusive-iran-steps-up-support-for-houthis-in-yemens-war-sources|archive-date=22 March 2017}}
*{{cite web|title=Arab coalition intercepts Houthi ballistic missile targeting Saudi city of Jazan|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/03/20/Arab-coalition-intercepts-Houthi-ballistic-missile-targeting-Saudi-city-of-Jazan.html|website=english.alarabiya.net|publisher=Al Arabiya|access-date=30 March 2017|date=20 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329031618/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/03/20/Arab-coalition-intercepts-Houthi-ballistic-missile-targeting-Saudi-city-of-Jazan.html|archive-date=29 March 2017}}
*{{cite web|last1=Taleblu|first1=Behnam Ben|last2=Toumaj|first2=Amir|title=Analysis: IRGC implicated in arming Yemeni Houthis with rockets|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/08/analysis-irgc-implicated-in-arming-yemeni-houthis-with-missiles.php|website=www.longwarjournal.org|publisher=Long War Journal|access-date=30 March 2017|date=21 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203030/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/08/analysis-irgc-implicated-in-arming-yemeni-houthis-with-missiles.php|archive-date=22 March 2017}}
*{{cite web|last1=Segall|first1=Michael|title=Yemen Has Become Iran's Testing Ground for New Weapons|url=http://jcpa.org/article/yemen-has-become-irans-testing-ground-for-new-weapons/|website=jcpa.org|publisher=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs|access-date=30 March 2017|date=2 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316204703/http://jcpa.org/article/yemen-has-become-irans-testing-ground-for-new-weapons/|archive-date=16 March 2017}}
*{{cite news|work={{wipe|Reuters}}|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-iran-idUSKCN12K0CX|date=20 October 2016|title=Exclusive: Iran steps up weapons supply to Yemen's Houthis via Oman – officials|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110165015/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-iran-idUSKCN12K0CX|archive-date=10 November 2017}}
*{{cite web |url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2016-10-14/us-involvement-yemen-war-just-got-deeper |title=US involvement in the Yemen war just got deeper &#124; Public Radio International |website=Pri.org |date=2016-10-14 |access-date=2017-07-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731161832/https://www.pri.org/stories/2016-10-14/us-involvement-yemen-war-just-got-deeper |archive-date=31 July 2017  }}<br/>{{cite web |last=Kube |first=Courtney |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/u-s-officials-iran-supplying-weapons-yemen-s-houthi-rebels-n674181 |title=U.S. Officials: Iran Supplying Weapons to Yemen's Houthi Rebels |work=NBC News |access-date=2017-07-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725130955/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/u-s-officials-iran-supplying-weapons-yemen-s-houthi-rebels-n674181 |archive-date=25 July 2017  }}
*{{cite web|last1=Wright|first1=Galen|title=Saudi-led Coalition seizes Iranian arms en route to Yemen|url=http://armamentresearch.com/saudi-led-coalition-seizes-iranian-arms-en-route-to-yemen/|website=armamentresearch.com|publisher=Armament Research Services|access-date=30 March 2017|date=1 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709111325/http://armamentresearch.com/saudi-led-coalition-seizes-iranian-arms-en-route-to-yemen/|archive-date=9 July 2017}}</ref>

<!-- unused -- <ref name=NorthKorea>See:
*{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/samuel-ramani/north-koreas-balancing-ac_b_7995688.html|date=17 August 2015|access-date=17 August 2015|title=North Korea's Balancing Act in the Persian Gulf|agency=The Huffington Post|quote="North Korea's military support for Houthi rebels in Yemen is the latest manifestation of its support for anti-American forces."}}
*{{cite web|last1=Browning|first1=Noah|title=Houthi missile arsenal holds a key to future Yemen peace|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-missiles-analysis-idUSKBN13H1UU|website=www.reuters.com|publisher=Reuters|access-date=30 March 2017|location=Dubai, UAE|date=22 November 2016|quote=Seized by the Houthis from army stores after their takeover, Yemen's missiles were amassed over the course of decades in legal acquisitions from the Soviet Union and North Korea.}}
*{{cite web|title=North Korea Likely Supplied Scud Missiles Fired at Saudi Arabia by Yemen's Houthi Rebels|url=https://news.vice.com/article/north-korea-likely-supplied-scud-missiles-fired-at-saudi-arabia-by-yemens-houthi-rebels|website=news.vice.com|publisher=VICE News|access-date=30 March 2017|date=29 June 2015|quote=South Korean intelligence officials said Wednesday that around 20 Scud missiles fired at Saudi Arabia from Yemen by Houthi rebels and their allies originated in North Korea.}}
*{{cite web|title=Scud missiles fired into Saudi Arabia from Yemen traced to N. Korea: official|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2015/07/29/0401000000AEN20150729005951315.html|website=english.yonhapnews.co.kr|publisher=Yonhap News Agency|access-date=30 March 2017|location=Seoul, South Korea|date=29 July 2015|quote="North Korea has sold missiles to Yemen and sent missile engineers to that country in the 1990s," said a former North Korean official, who was in a position to know about the arms deals.}}
*{{cite web|title=Houthis using missiles 'supplied by N Korea': Report claims|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/08/05/Yemen-rebels-using-missiles-supplied-by-North-Korea.html|website=english.alarabiya.net|publisher=Al Arabiya|access-date=30 March 2017|date=4 August 2015|quote=An unidentified defector and former North Korean official told UPI that North Korea has sold missiles to Yemen and dispatched missile engineers to the country since the 1990s.}}
*{{cite web|last1=Shim|first1=Elizabeth|title=Report: North Korea supplying missiles to Yemen rebels|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2015/08/03/Report-North-Korea-supplying-missiles-to-Yemen-rebels/3021438619655/|website=www.upi.com|publisher=United Press International|access-date=30 March 2017|location=Seoul, South Korea|date=3 August 2015|quote=South Korea intelligence said scud missiles launched from Yemen into Saudi Arabia in June were of North Korean origin.}}</ref> -->

<!-- unused -- <ref name="Russian support for the Houthis">See:
*{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/putins-latest-moves-military-alliance-among-iran-hezbollah-russia-syria-could-spread-2113386|date=25 September 2015|access-date=25 September 2015|title=Putin's Latest Moves: The Military Alliance Among Iran, Hezbollah And Russia In Syria Could Spread To Yemen|work=International Business Times|quote="Moscow is now supporting the Tehran-backed Houthi rebels who are fighting forces loyal to the U.S.-supported exiled president."}}
*{{cite web|last1=Katz|first1=Mark N.|title=Russia Maneuvers between Opposing Forces in Yemen|url=http://www.agsiw.org/russia-maneuvers-opposing-forces-yemen/|publisher=The Arab Gulf States Institute|access-date=30 March 2017|location=Washington D.C., U.S.A.|date=25 January 2017|website=www.agsiw.org}}
*{{cite web|last1=Ramani|first1=Samuel|title=Why Putin is Keeping a Close Eye on Yemen|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/samuel-ramani/why-putin-is-keeping-a-cl_b_12184874.html|website=www.huffingtonpost.com|publisher=The Huffington Post|access-date=30 March 2017|date=4 October 2016}}
*{{cite web|last1=Almasmari|first1=Hakim|last2=Fitch|first2=Asa|title=Yemen's Houthis Seek Iran, Russia and China Ties|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/yemens-houthis-seek-iran-russia-and-china-ties-1425664867|website=www.wsj.com|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=30 March 2017|date=6 March 2015}}</ref> -->

<ref name=Hezbollah>See:
*{{cite web|last1=Al-Abyad|first1=Said|title=Yemeni Officer: 4 Lebanese 'Hezbollah' Members Caught in Ma'rib|url=http://english.aawsat.com/s-alabyad/news-middle-east/yemeni-officer-4-lebanese-hezbollah-members-caught-marib|website=english.aawsat.com|publisher=Asharq Al-Awsat|access-date=30 March 2017|date=11 March 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321042628/http://english.aawsat.com/s-alabyad/news-middle-east/yemeni-officer-4-lebanese-hezbollah-members-caught-marib|archive-date=21 March 2017}}
*{{cite web|last1=Pestano|first1=Andrew V.|title=Yemen accuses Hezbollah of supporting Houthi attacks in Saudi Arabia|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2016/02/25/Yemen-accuses-Hezbollah-of-supporting-Houthi-attacks-in-Saudi-Arabia/4971456399472/|website=www.upi.com|publisher=United Press International|date=25 February 2016|location=Sanaa, Yemen|access-date=30 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317143211/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2016/02/25/Yemen-accuses-Hezbollah-of-supporting-Houthi-attacks-in-Saudi-Arabia/4971456399472/|archive-date=17 March 2017}}
*{{cite web|last1=Hatem|first1=Mohammed|title=Yemen Accuses Hezbollah of Helping Houthis in Saudi Border War|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-24/yemen-accuses-hezbollah-of-helping-houthis-in-saudi-border-war|website=www.bloomberg.com|publisher=Bloomberg News|access-date=30 March 2017|date=24 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331080303/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-24/yemen-accuses-hezbollah-of-helping-houthis-in-saudi-border-war|archive-date=31 March 2017}}
*{{cite web|title=Yemen government says Hezbollah fighting alongside Houthis|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKCN0VX21N|website=www.reuters.com|publisher=Reuters|access-date=30 March 2017|date=24 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317061812/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKCN0VX21N|archive-date=17 March 2017}}
*{{cite web|title=Report: Houthi Commander Admits Iran, Hezbollah Training Fighters in Yemen|url=http://www.thetower.org/4440-report-houthi-commander-admits-iran-hezbollah-training-fighters-in-yemen/|website=www.thetower.org|publisher=The Tower|access-date=30 March 2017|date=17 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317054602/http://www.thetower.org/4440-report-houthi-commander-admits-iran-hezbollah-training-fighters-in-yemen/|archive-date=17 March 2017}}</ref>
<!--  <ref name="Taiz rocket attack">See:
*{{cite web|title=December 2015 Taiz rocket attack|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/saudi-coalition-houthi-rebels-intensify-attacks-yemen-ahead-proposed-ceasefire-2223830|website=www.ibntimes.com|publisher=International Business Times}} </ref>-->
}}

==External links==
{{External media
| align  = right
| width  = 220px
| video2 = {{YouTube|f9qwbLAyanY|PBS Report from Yemen: As Millions Face Starvation, American-Made Bombs Are Killing Civilians}}}}
*[http://midwestdiplomacy.com/2015/01/26/demystifying-yemens-conflict/ Demystifying Yemen's Conflict (Midwest Diplomacy)]
*[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03068374.2015.1037162 Yemen and the Huthis: Genesis of the 2015 Crisis (Asian Affairs Journal)]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1706450.stm Timeline: Yemen (BBC)]
*[https://news.vice.com/article/as-saudis-block-a-human-rights-inquiry-in-yemen-the-us-stays-quiet As Saudis Block a Human Rights Inquiry in Yemen, America Stays Quiet]. ''Vice.'' 1 October 2015.
*[https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/12/21/yemen-coalition-bombs-homes-capital Yemen: Coalition Bombs Homes in Capital]. Human Rights Watch. 21 December 2015.
*[https://www.thenation.com/article/the-united-states-may-be-guilty-of-war-crimes-in-yemen/ The United States May Be Guilty of War Crimes in Yemen]. ''The Nation.'' November 2016.
*[http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/176220/tomgram%3A_rebecca_gordon%2C_yet_another_undeclared_u.s._war/ Tomgram: Rebecca Gordon, Yet Another Undeclared U.S. War] (December 2016), ''TomDispatch.com''
*[https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R43960.pdf Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention] [[Social:Congressional Research Service|Congressional Research Service]]
*[http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2018/07/13/yeme-j13.html UAE and US guilty of war crimes in Yemen torture centers, Amnesty charges]. World Socialist Web Site. 13 July 2018
*[https://www.the-american-interest.com/2018/10/04/ending-the-not-so-futile-war-in-yemen/ Ending the Not-So-Futile War in Yemen]. The American Interest. 4 October 2018


{{DEFAULTSORT:Yemeni Civil War (2014-present)}}
[[Category:Human rights abuses]]

{{Sourceattribution|Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)|1}}