View source for Software:COVID-19 apps

{{short description|Mobile apps designed to aid contact tracing}}
{{Infobox software
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| screenshot = A schematic of app-based COVID-19 contact tracing (Fig. 4 from Ferretti et al. 2020).jpg
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| caption = Example proposal for a location-based COVID-19 contact tracing app: Contacts of individual A (and all individuals using the app) are traced using GPS co-localizations with other app users, supplemented by scanning QR codes displayed on high-traffic public amenities where GPS is too coarse. Individual A requests a SARS-COV-2 test (using the app) and their positive test result triggers an instant notification to individuals who have been in close contact. The app advises isolation for the case (individual A) and quarantine of their contacts.<ref name="Ferretti et al 2020"/>
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'''COVID-19 apps''' include mobile-software applications for [[Software:Digital contact tracing|digital contact-tracing]] - i.e. the process of identifying persons ("contacts") who may have been in contact with an infected individual - deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apps for COVID-19 Information|url=https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-apps|access-date=2022-02-20|website=WebMD|language=en}}</ref>

Numerous tracing applications have been developed or proposed, with official government support in some territories and jurisdictions. Several frameworks for building contact-tracing apps have been developed. Privacy concerns have been raised, especially about systems that are based on tracking the geographical location of app users.

Less overtly intrusive alternatives include the co-option of [[Bluetooth]] signals to log a user's proximity to other cellphones. (Bluetooth technology has form in tracking cell-phones' locations.<ref>
{{cite news
| last1                 = Kwet
| first1                = Michael
| title                 = In Stores, Secret Surveillance Tracks Your Every Move
| url                   = https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/14/opinion/bluetooth-wireless-tracking-privacy.html
| work                  = The New York Times
| date = 14 June 2019
| publication-date      = 14 June 2016
| access-date           = 12 November 2021
| quote                 = Recent reports have noted how companies use data gathered from cell towers, ambient Wi-Fi, and GPS. But the location data industry has a much more precise, and unobtrusive, tool: Bluetooth beacons.
}}
</ref>)
On 10 April 2020, [[Company:Google|Google]] and Apple jointly announced that they would integrate functionality to support such Bluetooth-based apps directly into their [[Software:Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[Software:IOS|iOS]] [[Operating system|operating system]]s. India's COVID-19 tracking app ''[[Software:Aarogya Setu|Aarogya Setu]]'' became the world's fastest growing application - beating [[Software:Pokémon Go|Pokémon Go]] - with 50 million users in the first 13 days of its release.

== Rationale ==
Contact tracing is an important tool in infectious disease control, but as the number of cases rises time constraints make it more challenging to effectively control transmission.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/05/29/contact-tracing-can-it-help-avoid-more-lockdowns/|title=Contact tracing may help avoid another lockdown. Can it work in the U.S.?|date=29 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/contact-tracing-metrics/2020/07/04/da7d2812-bae4-11ea-bdaf-a129f921026f_story.html|title=Contact tracing is a race. But few U.S. states say how fast they're running.|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> [[Software:Digital contact tracing|Digital contact tracing]], especially if widely deployed, may be more effective than traditional methods of contact tracing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Allyn |first1=Richard |title=Coronavirus tracing apps prevalent outside the US, fail to gain foothold stateside |url=https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-tracing-apps-prevalent-outside-the-us-fail-to-gain-foothold-stateside/509-225174c3-40d9-4f64-b556-c3c2c3eab50c |access-date=6 November 2021 |work=CBS News |agency=CBS8 |date=21 July 2020}}</ref> In a March 2020 model by the [[Organization:University of Oxford|University of Oxford]] [[Organization:Big Data Institute|Big Data Institute]]'s [[Biography:Christophe Fraser|Christophe Fraser]]'s team, a coronavirus outbreak in a city of one million people is halted if 80% of all smartphone users take part in a tracking system; in the model, the elderly are still expected to self-isolate ''en masse'', but individuals who are neither symptomatic nor elderly are exempt from isolation unless they receive an alert that they are at risk of carrying the disease.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kelion|first=Leo|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52294896|title=NHS coronavirus app to target 80% of smartphones|date=2020-04-16|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-04-16|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ferretti et al 2020"/> Some proponents advocate for legislation exempting certain COVID-19 apps from general privacy restrictions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Servick |first1=Kelly |title=Cellphone tracking could help stem the spread of coronavirus. Is privacy the price? |journal=Science |date=22 March 2020 |doi=10.1126/science.abb8296 |s2cid=216518303 |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/cellphone-tracking-could-help-stem-spread-coronavirus-privacy-price |access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref>

==Issues==
===Uptake===
[[Biography:Ross J. Anderson|Ross Anderson]], professor of security engineering at Cambridge University, listed a number of potential practical problems with app-based systems, including false positives and the potential lack of effectiveness if takeup of the app is limited to only a small fraction of the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lightbluetouchpaper.org/2020/04/12/contact-tracing-in-the-real-world/|title=Contact Tracing in the Real World {{!}} Light Blue Touchpaper|date=12 April 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> In Singapore, only one person in three downloaded the TraceTogether app by the end of June 2020, despite legal requirements for most workers;<ref name="SGtrace">{{cite web|url=https://www.tracetogether.gov.sg/|title=Tracetogether|date=2 July 2020|access-date=2 July 2020|publisher=Singapore Government}}</ref> the app was also underused due to the fact that it required users to keep the app open at all times on [[Software:IOS|iOS]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stokel-Walker |first1=Chris |title=Can mobile contact-tracing apps help lift lockdown? |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200415-covid-19-could-bluetooth-contact-tracing-end-lockdown-early |access-date=18 April 2020 |work=www.bbc.com |date=15 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

A team at the [[Organization:University of Oxford|University of Oxford]] simulated the effect of a contact tracing app on a city of 1 million. They estimated that if the app was used in conjunction with the shielding of over-70s, then 56% of the population would have to be using the app for it to suppress the virus.<ref name="oxfordmodel" /> This would be equivalent to 80% of smartphone users in the United Kingdom. They found that the app could still slow the spread of the virus if fewer people downloaded it, with one infection being prevented for every one or two users.<ref name="oxfordmodel">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-52294896|title=Coronavirus: NHS contact tracing app to target 80% of smartphone users|date=16 April 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|work=BBC News|first=Leo|last=Kelion}}</ref>

In August 2020, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) argued that there are disparities in smartphone between demographics and minority groups, and that "even the most comprehensive, all-seeing contact tracing system is of little use without social and medical systems in place to help those who may have the virus — including access to medical care, testing, and support for those who are quarantined."<ref>[https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/tracking-apps-are-unlikely-to-help-stop-covid-19/ Tracking Apps are Unlikely to Help Stop COVID-19] ACLU, 6 August 2020</ref>

=== App store restrictions ===
Addressing concerns about the spread of misleading or harmful apps, Apple, Google and Amazon set limits on which types of organizations could add coronavirus-related apps to its App Store, limiting them to only "official" or otherwise reputable organizations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-google-amazon-block-nonofficial-coronavirus-apps-from-app-stores/|title=Apple, Google, Amazon block nonofficial coronavirus apps from app stores|last=Sherr|first=Ian|website=CNET|language=en|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/14/21179993/apple-restrictions-coronavirus-app-store|title=Apple puts restrictions on coronavirus-themed apps in its App Store|last=Lyons|first=Kim|date=2020-03-14|website=The Verge|language=en|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref>

=== Ethical principles of mass surveillance using COVID-19 contact tracing apps ===
The advent of COVID-19 contact tracing apps has led to concerns around privacy, the rights of app users, and governmental authority. The European Convention on Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the United Nations and the Siracusa Principles have outlined 4 principles to consider when looking at the ethical principles of mass surveillance with COVID-19 contact tracing apps.<ref name="Morley et al 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Morley |first1=Jessica |last2=Cowls |first2=Josh |last3=Taddeo |first3=Mariarosaria |last4=Floridi |first4=Luciano |title=Ethical guidelines for COVID-19 tracing apps |journal=Nature |date=June 2020 |volume=582 |issue=7810 |pages=29–31 |doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01578-0 |pmid=32467596 |bibcode=2020Natur.582...29M |s2cid=218912521 |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/MOREGF |doi-access=free }}</ref> These are ''necessity, proportionality, scientific validity, and time boundedness''.

''Necessity'' is defined as the idea that governments should only interfere with a person's rights when deemed essential for public health interests.<ref>Wiewiórowsk W. EU digital solidarity: A call for a pan-European approach against the pandemic. 2020.</ref><ref>Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (European Commission), European Commission. Commission recommendation (EU) 2020/518 of 8 April 2020 on a common union toolbox for the use of technology and data to combat and exit from the COVID-19 crisis, in particular concerning mobile applications and the use of anonymized mobility data. Publications Office of the EU. 2020.</ref> The potential risks associated with infringements of personal privacy must be outweighed by the possibility of reducing significant harm to others.<ref>Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Guide to the ethics of surveillance and quarantine for novel coronavirus.</ref> Potential benefits of contact-tracing apps that may be considered include allowing for blanket population-level [[Medicine:Quarantine|quarantine]] measures to be lifted sooner and the minimization of people under quarantine.<ref name="Parker et al 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Parker |first1=Michael J |last2=Fraser |first2=Christophe |last3=Abeler-Dörner |first3=Lucie |last4=Bonsall |first4=David |title=Ethics of instantaneous contact tracing using mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic |journal=Journal of Medical Ethics |date=July 2020 |volume=46 |issue=7 |pages=427–431 |doi=10.1136/medethics-2020-106314 |pmid=32366705 |pmc=7231546 |s2cid=218505908 }}</ref> Hence, some contend that contact-tracing apps are justified as they may be less intrusive than blanket quarantine measures.<ref name="Parker et al 2020"/> Furthermore, the delay of an effective contact-tracing app with significant health and economic benefits may be considered unethical.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

''Proportionality'' refers to the concept that a contact tracing app's potential negative impact on a person's rights should be justifiable by the severity of the health risks that are being addressed.<ref>Electronic Frontier Foundation. Necessary & proportionate: International principles on the application of human rights law to communications surveillance. 2014. https://necessaryandproportionate.org/</ref> Apps must use the most privacy-preserving options available to achieve their goals, and the selected option should not only be a logical option for achieving the goal but also an effective one.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kinlaw |first1=Kathy |last2=Barrett |first2=Drue H. |last3=Levine |first3=Robert J. |title=Ethical Guidelines in Pandemic Influenza: Recommendations of the Ethics Subcommittee of the Advisory Committee of the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |journal=Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness |date=December 2009 |volume=3 |issue=S2 |pages=S185–S192 |doi=10.1097/DMP.0b013e3181ac194f |pmid=19675459 |s2cid=23266111 }}</ref>

''Scientific validity'' evaluates whether an app is effective, timely and accurate.<ref name="Morley et al 2020"/> Traditional manual contact-tracing procedures are not efficient enough for the COVID-19 pandemic and do not consider [[Medicine:Asymptomatic|asymptomatic]] transmission.<ref name="Ferretti et al 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Ferretti |first1=Luca |last2=Wymant |first2=Chris |last3=Kendall |first3=Michelle |last4=Zhao |first4=Lele |last5=Nurtay |first5=Anel |last6=Abeler-Dörner |first6=Lucie |last7=Parker |first7=Michael |last8=Bonsall |first8=David |last9=Fraser |first9=Christophe |title=Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing |journal=Science |date=8 May 2020 |volume=368 |issue=6491 |pages=eabb6936 |doi=10.1126/science.abb6936 |pmid=32234805 |pmc=7164555 }}</ref> Contact-tracing apps, on the other hand, can be effective COVID-19 contact-tracing tools that could lead to a [[Medicine:Basic reproduction number|R value]] less than 1 and sustained epidemic suppression.<ref name="Ferretti et al 2020"/> However, for apps to be effective, there needs to be a minimum 56-60% uptake in the population.<ref name="Ferretti et al 2020"/><ref>Hinch R, Probert W, Nurtay A, et al. Effective configurations of a digital contact tracing app: A report to NHSX. NHSX. 2020.</ref> Apps should be continually modified to reflect current knowledge on the diseases being monitored.<ref>World Health Organization. International health regulations. 2008.</ref> Some argue that contact-tracing apps should be considered societal experimental trials where results and adverse effects are evaluated according to the stringent guidelines of [[Social:Social experiment|social experiment]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lucivero |first1=Federica |last2=Hallowell |first2=Nina |last3=Johnson |first3=Stephanie |last4=Prainsack |first4=Barbara |last5=Samuel |first5=Gabrielle |last6=Sharon |first6=Tamar |title=COVID-19 and Contact Tracing Apps: Technological Fix or Social Experiment? |date=10 April 2020 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3590788 |ssrn=3590788 |s2cid=219788867 }}</ref> Analyses should be conducted by independent research bodies and published for wide dissemination. Despite the current urgency of our pandemic situation, we should still adhere to the standard rigors of scientific evaluation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=London |first1=Alex John |last2=Kimmelman |first2=Jonathan |title=Against pandemic research exceptionalism |journal=Science |date=1 May 2020 |volume=368 |issue=6490 |pages=476–477 |doi=10.1126/science.abc1731 |pmid=32327600 |bibcode=2020Sci...368..476L |s2cid=216111208 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

''Time boundedness'' describe the need for establishing legal and technical sunset clauses so that they are only allowed to operate as long as necessary to address the pandemic situation. Apps should be withdrawn as soon as possible after the end of the pandemic. If the end of the pandemic cannot be predicted, the use of apps should be regularly reviewed and decisions about continued use should be made at each review. Collected data should only be retained by public health authorities for research purposes with clear stipulations on how long the data will be held for and who will be responsible for security, oversight, and ownership.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McGraw |first1=Deven |last2=Mandl |first2=Kenneth D. |title=Privacy protections to encourage use of health-relevant digital data in a learning health system |journal=npj Digital Medicine |date=December 2021 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=2 |doi=10.1038/s41746-020-00362-8 |pmid=33398052 |pmc=7782585 }}</ref>

=== Privacy, discrimination and marginalisation concerns ===
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has published a set of principles for technology-assisted contact tracing and<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gillmor |first1=Daniel K. |title=Principles for Technology-Assisted Contact Tracing |url=https://www.aclu.org/report/aclu-white-paper-principles-technology-assisted-contact-tracing |website=ACLU |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref> Amnesty International and over 100 other organizations issued a statement<ref name="AI100_human_rights" /> calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.<ref name="nbcnews.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/behind-global-efforts-make-privacy-first-coronavirus-tracking-app-n1177871 |title=Behind the global efforts to make a privacy-first coronavirus tracking app |last1=Ingram |first1=David |last2=Ward |first2=Jacob |date=2020-04-07 |work=NBC News |language=en |access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref> The organisations declared eight conditions on governmental projects:<ref name="AI100_human_rights" />
# surveillance would have to be "lawful, necessary and proportionate";
# extensions of monitoring and surveillance would have to have [[Social:Sunset provision|sunset clauses]];
# the use of data would have to be limited to COVID-19 purposes;
# data security and anonymity would have to be protected and shown to be protected based on evidence;
# digital surveillance would have to address the risk of exacerbating discrimination and marginalisation;
# any sharing of data with third parties would have to be defined in law;
# there would have to be safeguards against abuse and the rights of citizens to respond to abuses;
# "meaningful participation" by all "relevant stakeholders" would be required, including that of public health experts and marginalised groups.

The German Chaos Computer Club (CCC)<ref>{{cite web |title=10 Prüfsteine für die Beurteilung von "Contact Tracing"-Apps |date=2020-04-06 |editor-first=Linus |editor-last=Neumann |language=de |publisher=Chaos Computer Club (CCC) |url=https://www.ccc.de/de/updates/2020/contact-tracing-requirements |access-date=2020-04-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411072407/https://www.ccc.de/de/updates/2020/contact-tracing-requirements |archive-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> and Reporters Without Borders<ref>{{cite web |title=Corona-App in Deutschland - Anonymität und Quellenschutz gewährleisten |language=de |date=2020-04-06 |publisher=Reporter ohne Grenzen |url=https://www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de/pressemitteilungen/meldung/anonymitaet-und-quellenschutz-gewaehrleisten/ |access-date=2020-04-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411072450/https://www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de/pressemitteilungen/meldung/anonymitaet-und-quellenschutz-gewaehrleisten/ |archive-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> also issued checklists.

The [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notification service]] intends to address the problem of persistent surveillance by removing the tracing mechanism from their device operating systems once it is no longer needed.<ref name="newton-2020-04-14">{{cite web|last=Newton|first=Casey|date=2020-04-14|title=Apple and Google have a clever way of encouraging people to install contact-tracing apps for COVID-19|url=https://www.theverge.com/interface/2020/4/14/21219289/apple-google-contact-tracing-app-android-ios-pros-cons-quarantine-testing|access-date=2020-04-15|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref>

On 20 April 2020, it was reported that over 300 academics had signed a statement favouring decentralised proximity tracing applications over centralised models, given the difficulty in precluding centralised options being used "to enable unwarranted discrimination and surveillance."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.esat.kuleuven.be/cosic/sites/contact-tracing-joint-statement/|title=Contact Tracing Joint Statement|language=en|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Hern|first=Alex|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/20/coronavirus-digital-contact-tracing-will-fail-unless-privacy-is-respected-experts-warn|title=Digital contact tracing will fail unless privacy is respected, experts warn|date=2020-04-20|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-04-23|language=en|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In a centralised model, a central database records the ID codes of meetings between users. In a decentralised model, this information is recorded on individual phones, with the role of the central database being limited to identifying phones by their ID code when an alert needs to be sent.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19|url=https://hsfnotes.com/data/tag/covid-19/|access-date=2020-10-10|website=Data notes|language=en}}</ref>

In Moscow use of the tracking app was made mandatory during the lockdowns in April 2020 when most Moscovites were mostly required to stay indoors. Vladimir Putin signed laws introducing criminal penalties, including up to seven years imprisonment, for quarantine violations that led to others being infected. Moscow also implemented government issued QR codes that were made mandatory. It was not disclosed what information the codes contain but they must be shown to police when requested. Opposition members were uncomfortable with the Russian's governments introduction of COVID surveillance tools.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/01/825329399/moscow-launches-new-surveillance-app-to-track-residents-in-coronavirus-lockdown|title = Moscow to Launch New Surveillance App to Track Residents in Coronavirus Lockdown|newspaper = NPR|date = April 2020|last1 = Maynes|first1 = Charles}}</ref> In May 2020, Human Rights Watch reported that the authorities in [[Place:Moscow|Moscow]] wrongly fined hundreds of Moscovites for breaching self-quarantine. The dubious behavioral interpretations recorded by the social monitoring tracking application led to the mistaken fining of hundreds of people in Moscow.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/21/russia-intrusive-tracking-app-wrongly-fines-muscovites|title=Russia: Intrusive Tracking App Wrongly Fines Muscovites|access-date=21 May 2020|website=Human Rights Watch|date=21 May 2020}}</ref>

Contact tracing apps were deployed rapidly by governments and other initiatives in spring and summer 2020. Initial releases were found to come with incongruent privacy policies, hidden built-in surveillance and location tracing functions, and generally contained few cues about a proper specification and quality assurance process.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-70852-8_13 |chapter=Privacy Analysis of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps in the EU |title=Secure IT Systems |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |year=2021 |last1=Wairimu |first1=Samuel |last2=Momen |first2=Nurul |volume=12556 |pages=213–228 |isbn=978-3-030-70851-1 |s2cid=232144961 |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21237 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ahmed |first1=Nadeem |last2=Michelin |first2=Regio A. |last3=Xue |first3=Wanli |last4=Ruj |first4=Sushmita |last5=Malaney |first5=Robert |last6=Kanhere |first6=Salil S. |last7=Seneviratne |first7=Aruna |last8=Hu |first8=Wen |last9=Janicke |first9=Helge |last10=Jha |first10=Sanjay K. |title=A Survey of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps |journal=IEEE Access |date=2020 |volume=8 |pages=134577–134601 |doi=10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3010226 |arxiv=2006.10306 |bibcode=2020IEEEA...8m4577A |s2cid=219792991 }}</ref> Code quality in several apps was found as poor, while hardly any of 28 apps surveyed in May and June 2020 managed to address all privacy principles laid forth in the EU's GDPR.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hatamian |first1=Majid |last2=Wairimu |first2=Samuel |last3=Momen |first3=Nurul |last4=Fritsch |first4=Lothar |title=A privacy and security analysis of early-deployed COVID-19 contact tracing Android apps |journal=Empirical Software Engineering |date=May 2021 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=36 |doi=10.1007/s10664-020-09934-4 |pmid=33776548 |pmc=7978168 }}</ref>

===Accuracy of proximity reports===
According to ''[[ZDNet]]'', Bluetooth-based proximity detection carries a risk of over-reporting interactions and leading to "a huge amount of false positives"; hypothetically, a system could flag an interaction with "(a) person waiting for the bus on the (opposite) side of the road". One problem is that using Bluetooth signal strength to infer distance can be unreliable; the range of a given Bluetooth device can vary due to the environment or the way the device is held. False positives could result in needless self-isolation, or could cause users to ignore warnings if the warnings are perceived as unreliable.<ref name="zdnet nhs no">{{cite news |last1=Leprince-Ringuet |first1=Daphne |title=Contact-tracing apps: Why the NHS said no to Apple and Google's plan |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/contact-tracing-apps-why-the-nhs-said-no-to-apple-and-googles-plan/ |access-date=30 May 2020 |work=ZDNet |date=28 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> [[Engineering:GPS|GPS]]-based proximity detection can also be unreliable: according to the United States' GPS.gov, "GPS-enabled smartphones are typically accurate to within a 4.9 meter (16 ft.) radius under open sky", with accuracy decreasing further in the presence of signal blockage. In contrast, [[Medicine:Social distancing|social distancing]] guidelines are usually 2&nbsp;m (6&nbsp;ft).<ref>{{cite news |first1=Andrew |last1=Crocker |first2=Kurt |last2=Opsahl |first3=Bennett |last3=Cyphers |title=The Challenge of Proximity Apps For COVID-19 Contact Tracing |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/04/challenge-proximity-apps-covid-19-contact-tracing |access-date=30 May 2020 |work=Electronic Frontier Foundation (Deeplinks blog) |date=10 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=GPS.gov: GPS Accuracy |url=https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/performance/accuracy/ |website=www.gps.gov |access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref>

In the Google/Apple mechanism, a log entry is only added on the phone if Bluetooth proximity persists for five minutes (or possibly longer, depending on app configuration). Logs are retained for 14 days.<ref>{{cite news |title=Your phone could track the spread of coronavirus. Here's what you should know. |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/how-contact-tracing-could-use-bluetooth-track-coronavirus-your-smartphone-n1187796 |access-date=15 June 2020 |work=NBC News |date=20 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Bluetooth tracking is prone to false negatives; for example, unlike time-stamped GPS matching, Bluetooth cannot detect that a user has entered a possibly-infected space that an infected person has just left.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Touw |first1=Steve |title=How COVID-19 is changing the way we think about privacy |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90499499/how-covid-19-is-changing-the-way-we-think-about-privacy |access-date=15 June 2020 |work=Fast Company |date=1 May 2020}}</ref>

== General approaches ==
[[File:ITU - AI for Good Webinar Series - COVID-19 Respecting Personal Privacy in Contact Tracing.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0:02|[[Organization:International Telecommunication Union|International Telecommunication Union]]]]

=== Centralized contact tracing ===
Some countries used network-based location tracking instead of apps, eliminating both the need to download an app and the ability to avoid tracking. Israel authorized its secret service (Shin Bet) to use its surveillance measures for network-based tracking.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holmes |first1=Oliver |title=Israel to track mobile phones of suspected coronavirus cases |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/17/israel-to-track-mobile-phones-of-suspected-coronavirus-cases |work=The Guardian |date=17 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cahane |first1=Amir |title=Israel's SIGINT Oversight Ecosystem: COVID-19 Secret Service Location Tracking as a Test Case |date=2020 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3748401 |ssrn=3748401 |s2cid=234531824 }}</ref> Network-based solutions that have access to raw location data have significant potential privacy problems.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aclu.org/report/aclu-white-paper-limits-location-tracking-epidemic |title=ACLU White Paper: The Limits of Location Tracking in an Epidemic |publisher=American Civil Liberties Union |language=en |access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref> However, not all systems with central servers need to have access to personal location data; a number of privacy-preserving systems have been created that use central servers only for intercommunication (see section below).<ref>{{cite arXiv|last1=Cho|first1=Hyunghoon|last2=Ippolito|first2=Daphne|last3=Yu|first3=Yun William|date=2020-03-30|title=Contact Tracing Mobile Apps for COVID-19: Privacy Considerations and Related Trade-offs|class=cs.CR|eprint=2003.11511}}</ref>

In South Korea, a non-app-based system was used to perform contact tracing. Instead of using a dedicated app, the system gathered tracking information from a variety of sources including mobile device tracking data and card transaction data, and combined these to generate notices via text messages to potentially-infected individuals.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ackerman|first=Spencer|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/too-late-to-use-south-koreas-coronavirus-tracking-technique|title=It's Probably Too Late to Use South Korea's Trick for Tracking Coronavirus|date=2020-03-26|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=2020-04-15|language=en}}</ref> In addition to using this information to alert potential contacts, the government has also made the location information publicly available, something permitted because of far-reaching changes to information privacy laws after the [[Medicine:MERS|MERS]] outbreak in that country.<ref name="Zastrow2020">{{cite journal |last1=Zastrow |first1=Mark |title=South Korea is reporting intimate details of COVID-19 cases: has it helped? |journal=Nature |date=18 March 2020 |doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00740-y |pmid=32203363 |s2cid=214630521 }}</ref> This information is available to the public via a number of apps and websites.<ref name="Zastrow2020" />

Countries including Germany considered using both centralized and privacy-preserving systems. {{As of|2020|04|06}}, the details had not yet been released.<ref name="Lomas_20200406" />

=== Decentralized contact tracing ===
==== Development ====
[[File:Nicky Case contact tracing one-page en.png|thumb|A simplified explanation of how [[Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing|DP-3T]] and [[Software:TCN Protocol|TCN Protocol]] (and similar protocols, such as the Exposure Notification API<ref>
{{Cite web|title=DP-3T/documents|url=https://github.com/DP-3T/documents|access-date=2020-07-11|website=GitHub|language=en|quote=Apple and Google released a joint specification describing their system support for a privacy-preserving exposure notification system on iOS and Android. Their proposal is very similar to our early proposal "Low-cost decentralized proximity tracing".}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|title=Nicky Case Comic Website|url=https://ncase.me/contact-tracing/|access-date=2020-07-12|website=ncase.me|language=en|quote=Sources cited: DP^3T Documents and TCN Protocol GitHub.}}
</ref>) can anonymously warn users about contact with an infected person.]]

Privacy-preserving contact tracing is a well-established concept, with a substantial body of research literature dating back to at least 2013.<ref>
{{cite arXiv|last1=Bell|first1=James|last2=Butler|first2=David|last3=Hicks|first3=Chris|last4=Crowcroft|first4=Jon|date=2020-04-08|title=TraceSecure: Towards Privacy Preserving Contact Tracing|class=cs.CR|eprint=2004.04059}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite book |doi=10.1109/ICC.2018.8422886 |chapter=EPIC: Efficient Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing for Infection Detection |title=2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) |year=2018 |last1=Altuwaiyan |first1=Thamer |last2=Hadian |first2=Mohammad |last3=Liang |first3=Xiaohui |pages=1–6 |isbn=978-1-5386-3180-5 |s2cid=51878832 }}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Rui |last2=Zhang |first2=Jinxue |last3=Zhang |first3=Yanchao |last4=Sun |first4=Jinyuan |last5=Yan |first5=Guanhua |title=Privacy-Preserving Profile Matching for Proximity-Based Mobile Social Networking |journal=IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications |date=September 2013 |volume=31 |issue=9 |pages=656–668 |doi=10.1109/JSAC.2013.SUP.0513057 |s2cid=6694460 }}
</ref>

On 17 March 2020, The protocol Covid Watch  developed, the CEN Protocol, later renamed the [[Software:TCN Protocol|TCN Protocol]], was first released.<ref>
{{Cite web|date=2020-04-13|title=What privacy-preserving coronavirus tracing apps need to succeed|url=https://venturebeat.com/2020/04/13/what-privacy-preserving-coronavirus-tracing-apps-need-to-succeed/|access-date=2020-04-18|website=VentureBeat|language=en}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-31|title=One victim of COVID-19 pandemic may be privacy rights|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/03/29/world/coronavirus-pandemic-privacy-rights//|access-date=2020-03-31|website=JapanTimes|language=en|archive-date=2020-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330161044/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/03/29/world/coronavirus-pandemic-privacy-rights/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amrita Khalid, Amanda|title=How Bluetooth could bring digital contact tracing for Covid-19 to billions|url=https://qz.com/1838625/how-bluetooth-could-power-a-global-experiment-in-contact-tracing/|access-date=2020-04-19|website=Quartz|date=16 April 2020 |language=en}}
</ref>

As of 20 March 2020, Covid Watch was the first organization to develop<ref>
{{Cite web|date=2020-03-17|title=Covid Watch iOS TCN Testflight App|url=https://testflight.apple.com/join/gtAh2Xeu|access-date=2020-03-17|website=Apple TestFlight|language=en}}
</ref> and open source<ref>
{{Cite web|title=First implementation of anonymous exposure alert protocol|url=https://github.com/covid19risk/covidwatch-ios/commit/b520d1486d9d898dadeb15dd94fbbb16c0e1d6a1|access-date=2020-03-17|website=GitHub|language=en}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|date=2020-03-17|title=Covid Watch GitHub|url=https://github.com/covid19risk/|access-date=2020-03-17|website=GitHub|language=en}}
</ref> an anonymous, decentralized Bluetooth digital contact tracing protocol, publishing their white paper on the subject.<ref>
{{Cite web|url=https://www.krellinst.org/csgf/about-doe-csgf/news-events/white-covid-watch/|title=Fellow Working to Devise COVID-19 Alert Application|last=CSGF|first=DOE|date=2020-03-31|website=DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship|language=en|access-date=2020-03-31}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|date=2020-04-06|title=Private Contact Tracing Protocols Compared: DP-3T and CEN|url=https://www.zfnd.org/blog/private-contact-tracing-protocols-compared/|website=Zcash Foundation|language=en}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-20|title=Covid Watch White Paper|url=https://www.covid-watch.org/article/|access-date=2020-03-20|website=Covid Watch|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015150522/https://blog.covidwatch.org/en/covid-watch-whitepaper-using-crowdsourced-data-to-slow-virus-spread|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|last=Rivest|first=Ron|title=MIT PACT|url=https://pact.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/The-PACT-protocol-specification-ver-0.1.pdf}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|last=Case|first=Nicky|title=Comic|url=https://ncase.me/contact-tracing/|website=ncase.me}}
</ref> The group was founded as a research collaboration between [[Organization:Stanford University|Stanford University]] and the University of Waterloo.<ref>
{{Cite web|last=University|first=Stanford|date=2020-04-09|title=Stanford researchers help develop privacy-focused coronavirus alert app|url=https://news.stanford.edu/2020/04/09/stanford-researchers-help-develop-privacy-focused-coronavirus-alert-app/|access-date=2020-04-09|website=Stanford News|language=en}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|last=CSGF|first=DOE|date=2020-03-31|title=Fellow Working to Devise COVID-19 Alert Application|url=https://www.krellinst.org/csgf/about-doe-csgf/news-events/white-covid-watch/|access-date=2020-03-31|website=DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship|language=en}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|last=Waterloo|first=University of|date=2020-04-20|title=Coming into contact with COVID|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/stories/coming-contact-covid/|access-date=2020-04-20|website=Waterloo Stories|language=en}}
</ref>

On 1 April 2020, the [[Software:TCN Protocol|CEN Protocol]] was presented at Stanford HAI's COVID-19 and AI virtual conference.<ref>
{{Cite web|url=https://hai.stanford.edu/resources-covid-19-and-ai-virtual-conference/|title=Stanford HAI COVID-19 and AI Virtual Conference|date=2020-04-01|website=Stanford HAI|language=en|access-date=2020-04-01}}
</ref><ref>
</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2020/04/02/surveillance-ai-and-saving-lives-top-agenda-at-coronavirus-conference/|title=Surveillance, AI, and saving lives top agenda at coronavirus conference|date=2020-04-02|website=Stanford HAI|language=en|access-date=2020-04-02}}
</ref>

As of 1 April 2020, a group of European researchers, including from the Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute and [[Organization:École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne|École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] (EPFL), were under the umbrella of the Pan-European Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (PEPP-PT) project,<ref>
{{cite web |title=Pan-European Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing |url=https://www.pepp-pt.org/ |access-date=2020-04-06 |archive-date=2020-04-09  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409221119/https://www.pepp-pt.org/ |url-status=dead }}
</ref> developing a BLE-based app to serve this purpose that is designed to avoid the need for intrusive surveillance by the state.<ref>
{{cite web |title=Europe shares code for new coronavirus warning app |last1=Delcker |first1=Janosch |last2=Brown |first2=Stephen |date=2020-04-01 |work=POLITICO |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-cracks-code-for-coronavirus-warning-app/ |access-date=2020-04-01 }}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news |title=In Germany, High Hopes For New COVID-19 Contact Tracing App That Protects Privacy |last=Schmitz |first=Rob |date=2020-04-02 |newspaper=NPR |language=en |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/02/825860406/in-germany-high-hopes-for-new-covid-19-contact-tracing-app-that-protects-privacy |access-date=2020-04-07 }}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web |title=An EU coalition of techies is backing a 'privacy-preserving' standard for COVID-19 contacts tracing |author-first=Natasha |author-last=Lomas |date=2020-04-01 |work=TechCrunch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/01/an-eu-coalition-of-techies-is-backing-a-privacy-preserving-standard-for-covid-19-contacts-tracing/ |access-date=2020-04-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200410221354/https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/01/an-eu-coalition-of-techies-is-backing-a-privacy-preserving-standard-for-covid-19-contacts-tracing/ |archive-date=2020-04-10}}
</ref> However, PEPP-PT is a co-ordination effort which contains both centralised and decentralised approaches.<ref>
{{cite web|author=DP-3T |url=https://github.com/DP-3T/documents/blob/master/README.md |title=documents/README.md at master · DP-3T/documents · GitHub |publisher=Github.com |access-date=2020-04-13}}
</ref>

As of 7 April 2020, over a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions, such as using [[Bluetooth Low Energy]] (BLE) to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.<ref name="nbcnews.com" /> Users then receive a message if they've been in close contact with someone who has tested positive for COVID-19.<ref name="nbcnews.com" />

On 9 April 2020, the Singaporean government announced that it had open-sourced a reference implementation of the [[Software:BlueTrace|BlueTrace]] protocol, used by [[Software:TraceTogether|TraceTogether]], its official government app.<ref>
{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-spore-contact-tracing-app-now-open-sourced-1-in-5-here-have-downloaded|title=Coronavirus: S'pore contact tracing app now open-sourced, 1 in 5 here have downloaded|last=hermesauto|date=2020-04-10|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=2020-04-14}}
</ref><ref name="theregister-apps-who-when-what-work">{{cite news |title=COVID-19 contact tracing apps: Who did what and did it work? |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/04/15/contact_tracing_apps_assessed/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=theregister.com |date=15 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> As of 23 March 2020, Mary-Louise McLaws, professor at the University of New South Wales' School of Public Health and Community Medicine in Australia, a technical adviser to the World Health Organization's Infection Prevention and Control Global Unit and a member of European, US and UK epidemiology and infection control bodies recommended the idea for wider adoption.<ref name="theregister-apps-who-when-what-work"/><ref name="theregister-who-boffin-track-self-isolate">{{cite news |last1=Sharwood |first1=Simon |title=It's time to track people's smartphones to ensure they self-isolate during this global pandemic, says WHO boffin |url=https://www.theregister.com/2020/03/23/track_phones_coronavirus_who/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=theregister.com |date=23 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Aggressive tracing, lessons from Sars: a look at Singapore's coronavirus fight |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3076268/aggressive-tracing-lessons-sars-how-singapore |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=South China Morning Post |date=22 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

On 17 April 2020, EPFL and the ETH Zurich pulled out of PEPP-PT, criticizing PEPP-PT for a lack of transparency and openness, and for not respecting personal privacy enough.<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/sci-tech/coronavirus-science_swiss-pull-out-of-european-contact-tracing-app-project/45699230|title=Swiss pull out of European contact tracing App project|date=2020-04-18|website=SWI swissinfo.ch|language=en|access-date=2020-04-19}}
</ref> Later it was reported that KU Leuven, the CISPA Helmholz Center for Information Security, the European Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems and the Technical University of Denmark, also withdrew from the project.<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2020/04/20/coronavirus-contact-tracing-privacy-europe-pepp-pt-dp3t-covid-19-tracking/|title=Controversy around privacy splits Europe's push to build COVID-19 contact-tracing apps|website=Fortune|language=en|access-date=2020-04-23}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/suneman/status/1253254633981644800|title=Hej. Jeg mener at D3PT er den utvetydigt bedste løsning. (Når det er sagt, synes jeg dog at PEPP-PT stadig er bedre end mange andre implementationer af proximity tracing.)|last=Lehmann|first=Sune|date=2020-04-23|website=@suneman|language=da|access-date=2020-04-23}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/tecnologia/2020-04-22/pepp-pt-hans-christian-boos-apps-coronavirus-covid19_2557724/|title=El alemán al que acusan de engañar a media Europa con 'apps' contra el coronavirus|date=2020-04-22|website=El Confidencial|language=es|access-date=2020-04-23}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-europe-tech-idUKKBN2221U6|title=Rift opens over European coronavirus contact tracing apps|date=2020-04-20|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-04-23|language=en}}
</ref> On 26 April 2020, Germany switched to decentralised approach to support solutions like DP-3T.<ref>
{{cite web |title=Germany flips to Apple-Google approach on smartphone contact tracing |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-europe-tech/germany-flips-on-smartphone-contact-tracing-backs-apple-and-google-idUSKCN22807J |website=Reuters |language=en |date=26 April 2020}}
</ref>

====Methods====
Decentralised protocols include [[Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing|Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-PPT/DP-3T)]],<ref name="Lomas_20200406">
{{cite web |title=EU privacy experts push a decentralized approach to COVID-19 contacts tracing |author-first=Natasha |author-last=Lomas |date=2020-04-06 |work=TechCrunch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/06/eu-privacy-experts-push-a-decentralized-approach-to-covid-19-contacts-tracing/ |access-date=2020-04-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200410221510/https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/06/eu-privacy-experts-push-a-decentralized-approach-to-covid-19-contacts-tracing/ |archive-date=2020-04-10}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web|author=DP-3T |url=https://github.com/DP-3T/documents/blob/master/DP3T%20White%20Paper.pdf |title=documents/DP3T White Paper.pdf at master · DP-3T/documents · GitHub |publisher=Github.com |access-date=2020-04-13}}
</ref> The Coalition Network's [[Software:Whisper Tracing Protocol|Whisper Tracing Protocol]],<ref name="sfchronicle.com">
{{cite web|title=Latest weapon in tracing and tracking coronavirus infections: your smartphone|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Latest-weapon-in-tracing-and-tracking-coronavirus-15219887.php|date=2020-04-23|website=SFChronicle.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-06}}
</ref> the global TCN Coalition's [[Software:TCN Protocol|TCN ("Temporary Contact Numbers") Protocol]],<ref>
{{cite news |title=Is Apple and Google's Covid-19 Contact Tracing a Privacy Risk? |url=https://www.wired.com/story/apple-google-contact-tracing-strengths-weaknesses/ |access-date=18 April 2020 |magazine=Wired |date=2020 |language=en}}
</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://tcn-coalition.org/|title=TCN Coalition · A Global Coalition for Privacy-First Digital Contact Tracing Protocols to Fight COVID-19|website=tcn-coalition.org|access-date=2020-04-16|archive-date=2021-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704122756/https://www.lfph.io/tcn-coalition/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[Organization:MIT Media Lab|MIT Media Lab]]'s SafePaths.<ref name="fortune welcome">
{{cite news |title=Researchers working on 'contact tracing' say they welcome Apple and Google's help |url=https://fortune.com/2020/04/17/apple-google-coronavirus-contact-tracing-privacy/ |access-date=18 April 2020 |work=Fortune |date=2020 |language=en}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web |title=SafePaths |date=2020-04-09 |url=http://safepaths.mit.edu/ |access-date=2020-04-09}}
</ref> The goal of decentralization is to reduce the loss of privacy, by exchanging anonymous keys that do not include identifiable information.<ref>
{{cite news |title=Apple and Google are working together on an ambitious plan to alert people who have come in contact with coronavirus patients — here's how it will work |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-google-tracking-coronavirus-contact-tracing-how-it-works-2020-4#heres-how-apple-and-googles-system-will-work-4 |access-date=18 April 2020 |work=Business Insider |date=2020}}
</ref>

COCOVID<ref>
{{cite web |title=COCOVID |url=https://www.cocovid.info/ |access-date=2020-05-01}}
</ref> is being developed as a common effort of several European companies and institutions. The Mobile Application, the Big Data and the Artificial Intelligence components will be available to any government. The COCOVID app is Open Source and the backend is based on a highly scalable solution that is already used by several of the largest financial institutions in Europe. COCOVID will support the coordination of tests at medical institutions, allowing users with a high infection risk to book a test slot directly from the app. This will reduce the effort and increase the efficiency of the medical test processes. COCOVID will use both location and Bluetooth contact data, allowing a high level of effectiveness. The solution is designed following the EU data privacy recommendations.
The team working on the project includes persons from Orange, Ericsson, Proventa AG, Stratio, TH Köln and Charta digitale Vernetzung.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

==== Apple / Google Exposure Notification protocol ====
On 10 April 2020, [[Company:Google|Google]] and Apple, the companies that control the [[Software:Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[Software:IOS|iOS]] mobile platforms, announced an initiative for contact tracing, which they stated would preserve privacy, based on a combination of [[Bluetooth Low Energy]] technology and privacy-preserving [[Cryptography|cryptography]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2020/04/10/apple-and-google-are-launching-a-joint-covid-19-tracing-tool/ |title=Apple and Google are launching a joint COVID-19 tracing tool for iOS and Android |work=TechCrunch |date=10 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=2020-04-10 |archive-date=2020-05-22  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522033457/http://techcrunch.com/2020/04/10/apple-and-google-are-launching-a-joint-covid-19-tracing-tool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="CNET 4-10-2020">{{cite web |title=Apple and Google are building coronavirus tracking tech into iOS and Android – The two companies are working together, representing most of the phones used around the world. |publisher=CNET |date=2020-04-10 |author-last1=Sherr |author-first1=Ian |author-first2=Richard |author-last2=Nieva |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-and-google-are-building-coronavirus-tracking-tech-into-ios-and-android/ |access-date=2020-04-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410202158/https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-and-google-are-building-coronavirus-tracking-tech-into-ios-and-android/ |archive-date=2020-04-10}}</ref> They also published specifications of the core technologies used in the system.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/covid19/contacttracing/ |title=Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing |date=10 April 2020 |publisher=Apple }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Contact Tracing – Bluetooth Specification |date=2020-04-10 |edition=Preliminary |url=https://covid19-static.cdn-apple.com/applications/covid19/current/static/contact-tracing/pdf/ContactTracing-BluetoothSpecification.pdf |access-date=2020-04-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410171559/https://covid19-static.cdn-apple.com/applications/covid19/current/static/contact-tracing/pdf/ContactTracing-BluetoothSpecification.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-10}}</ref> According to Apple and Google, the system is intended to be rolled out in three stages:<ref name="applegoogle">{{cite news |url=https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/apple-and-google-partner-covid-19-contact-tracing-technology/ |title=Apple and Google partner on COVID-19 contact tracing technology |newspaper=Google |date=2020-04-10 |language=en |access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/04/apple-and-google-partner-on-covid-19-contact-tracing-technology/|title=Apple and Google partner on COVID-19 contact tracing technology |date=2020-04-10 |publisher=Apple |language=en |access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref>
* API specification and publication
* rollout of tools to enable governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracing apps
* integration of this functionality directly into iOS and Android

Google and Apple plan to address the take-up and persistent surveillance problems by first distributing the system through operating system updates, and later removing it in the same way once the threat has passed.<ref name="newton-2020-04-14" />

The ACLU stated the Google and Apple's approach "appears to mitigate the worst privacy and centralization risks, but there is still room for improvement".<ref>{{cite news |title=ACLU Comment On Apple/Google COVID-19 Contact Tracing Effort |url=https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/aclu-comment-applegoogle-covid-19-contact-tracing-effort |access-date=2020-04-22 |work=ACLU |date=2020 |language=en}}</ref>

By 20 April 2020, Google and Apple described the systems as "[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notification]]" rather than "contact tracing", stating the system should be "in service of broader contact tracing efforts by public health authorities".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brandom |first1=Russell |title=Apple and Google pledge to shut down coronavirus tracker when pandemic ends |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/24/21234457/apple-google-coronavirus-contact-tracing-tracker-exposure-notification-shut-down |access-date=28 June 2020 |work=The Verge |date=24 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The name change was received positively by journalists in ''Vox/[[Recode]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Morrison |first1=Sara |title=The Apple-Google contact tracing tool gets a beta release and a new risk level feature |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/4/24/21234420/apple-google-contact-tracing-exposure-notification-update |access-date=28 June 2020 |work=Vox |date=24 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and ''Salon'', who stated "Exposure notification schemes like the Apple-Google system aren't true contact tracing systems because they don't allow public health authorities to identify people who have been exposed to infected individuals."<ref>{{cite news |title=Now your iPhone can warn you if you've been exposed to the coronavirus |url=https://www.salon.com/2020/05/01/now-your-iphone-can-warn-you-if-youve-been-exposed-to-the-coronavirus_partner/ |access-date=28 June 2020 |work=Salon |date=1 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

== List of frameworks ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Centralized / Decentralized !! Author/promoter !! Licence !! Homepage !! Ref
|-
| <!-- Name     -->ViraTrace Biohazard Containment Tools
| <!-- Function -->Partially-Centralized w/ SGX backend
| <!-- Author   -->ViraTrace, LLC (Wayne Thornton, Andrei Taranu, Ivan Bestvina, Anjana Pai)
| <!-- Licence  -->Restricted Public Source License (ViraTrace Public Source License 1.0.1)
| <!-- Homepage -->https://www.viratrace.org/<br />https://github.com/ViraTrace/
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.total-croatia-news.com/made-in-croatia/43538-coronavirus |title=Could Croatian Startup Rescue Tourism from Coronavirus Consequences? |website=Total Croatia News |language=en |access-date=2021-01-10 |archive-date=2021-01-11  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111211433/https://www.total-croatia-news.com/made-in-croatia/43538-coronavirus |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/ViraTrace/License/blob/main/VPSL%201-0-1.pdf |title=ViraTrace Public Source License v. 1.0.1 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=2021-01-10}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->Pan-European Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (PEPP-PT) project
| <!-- Function -->partially-centralized
| <!-- Author   -->[[Organization:Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications|Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications]], Robert Koch Institute, [[Organization:Technical University of Berlin|Technical University of Berlin]], [[Organization:TU Dresden|TU Dresden]], [[Organization:University of Erfurt|University of Erfurt]], Vodafone Germany
| <!-- Licence  -->multiple protocols, closed source, private specifications, MPL
| <!-- Homepage -->https://www.pepp-pt.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409221119/https://www.pepp-pt.org/ |date=2020-04-09  }}<br />https://github.com/pepp-pt/pepp-pt-documentation<br /> https://nadim.computer/res/pdf/PEPP-PT_NTK_High_Level_Overview.pdf
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2020/04/01/an-eu-coalition-of-techies-is-backing-a-privacy-preserving-standard-for-covid-19-contacts-tracing/ |title=An EU coalition of techies is backing a 'privacy-preserving' standard for COVID-19 contacts tracing |website=TechCrunch |date=April 2020 |language=en |access-date=2020-04-02 |archive-date=2021-07-04  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704122847/https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/01/an-eu-coalition-of-techies-is-backing-a-privacy-preserving-standard-for-covid-19-contacts-tracing/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Name     -->Coalition Network
|<!-- Function -->
|<!-- Author   -->Coalition Foundation, Nodle, French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation, Berkeley, California
|<!-- Licence  -->GPL 3
|<!-- Homepage -->https://www.coalitionnetwork.org/
|<!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web|title=Latest weapon in tracing and tracking coronavirus infections: your smartphone|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Latest-weapon-in-tracing-and-tracking-coronavirus-15219887.php|date=2020-04-23|website=SFChronicle.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The StopCovid project-team and the ecosystem of contributors are working together to develop a mobile contact tracing app for France {{!}} Inria|url=https://www.inria.fr/en/stopcovid|website=www.inria.fr|date=26 April 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->Exposure Notifications System
| <!-- Function -->decentralized
| <!-- Author   -->[[Company:Google|Google]], [[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple Inc.]]
| <!-- Licence  -->public specification
| <!-- Homepage -->https://www.apple.com/covid19/contacttracing
| <!-- Ref      --><ref name="Sam Schechner and Rolfe Winkler">{{Cite news|first1=Sam|last1=Schechner|first2=Rolfe|last2=Winkler|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/heres-how-apple-and-google-plan-to-track-the-coronavirus-through-your-phone-11586618075|title=Here's How Apple and Google Plan to Track the Coronavirus Through Your Phone|date=2020-04-11|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->[[Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing]] (DP-3T)
| <!-- Function -->decentralized
| <!-- Author   -->[[Organization:École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne|EPFL]], [[Organization:ETH Zurich|ETHZ]], KU Leuven, [[Organization:Delft University of Technology|TU Delft]], [[Organization:University College London|University College London]], CISPA, [[Organization:University of Oxford|University of Oxford]], [[Organization:University of Turin|University of Torino]] / ISI Foundation
| <!-- Licence  -->publicly developed Apache 2.0 reference implementation, [[Software:Mozilla Public License|MPL 2.0]] iOS/Android code.
| <!-- Homepage -->https://github.com/DP-3T
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/08/call-for-common-eu-approach-to-apps-and-data-to-fight-covid-19-and-protect-citizens-rights/|title=Call for common EU approach to apps and data to fight COVID-19 and protect citizens' rights|date=2020-04-08|website=TechCrunch|language=en |access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->[[Software:BlueTrace|BlueTrace]] / OpenTrace
| <!-- Function -->partially-centralized
| <!-- Author   -->Singapore Government Digital Services
| <!-- Licence  -->public specification, GPL 3 code
| <!-- Homepage -->[https://bluetrace.io bluetrace.io]<br /> https://github.com/opentrace-community
| <!-- Ref      --><ref name="computerweekly.com">{{cite web|title=Singapore government to open source contact-tracing protocol|url=https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252480501/Singapore-government-to-open-source-contact-tracing-protocol|access-date=2020-04-13|website=ComputerWeekly.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->Privacy-Sensitive Protocols And Mechanisms
for Mobile Contact Tracing (PACT) / CovidSafe
| <!-- Function -->
| <!-- Author   -->[[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]] volunteers, [[Organization:University of Washington|University of Washington]]
| <!-- Licence  -->public specification, [[Software:MIT License|MIT License]] code
| <!-- Homepage -->https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03544<br /> https://github.com/covidsafe
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite arXiv
|first1=Justin
|last1=Chan
|first2=Dean
|last2=Foster
|first3=Shyam
|last3=Gollakota
|first4=Eric
|last4=Horvitz
|first5=Joseph
|last5=Jaeger
|first6=Sham
|last6=Kakade
|first7=Tadayoshi
|last7=Kohno
|first8=John
|last8=Langford
|first9=Jonathan
|last9=Larson
|first10=Sudheesh
|last10=Singanamalla
|first11=Jacob
|last11=Sunshine
|first12=Stefano
|last12=Tessaro
|date=2020
|title=PACT: Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing
|eprint=2004.03544
|class=cs.CR}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Privacy and the pandemic: UW and Microsoft researchers present a "PACT" for using technology to fight the spread of COVID-19 |url=https://news.cs.washington.edu/2020/04/08/privacy-and-the-pandemic-uw-researchers-present-a-pact-for-using-technology-to-fight-the-spread-of-covid-19/ |website=UW CSE News |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=McQuate |first1=Sarah |title=A contact-tracing app that helps public health agencies and doesn't compromise your privacy |url=https://www.washington.edu/news/2020/04/22/a-contact-tracing-app-that-helps-public-health-agencies-and-doesnt-compromise-your-privacy/ |website=UW News |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->PACT: Private Automated Contact Tracing
| <!-- Function -->
| <!-- Author   -->[[Organization:MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory|MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory]], Massachusetts General Hospital, [[Organization:MIT Lincoln Laboratory|MIT Lincoln Laboratory]], [[Organization:MIT Media Lab|MIT Media Lab]], [[Organization:Boston University|Boston University]], Weizmann Institute of Science, [[Organization:Brown University|Brown University]]
| <!-- Licence  -->public specification, [[Software:MIT License|MIT License]] code
| <!-- Homepage -->https://pact.mit.edu
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |last1=Rivest |first1=Ronald L. |last2=Ivers |first2=Louise C. |last3=Weitzner |first3=Daniel J. |last4=Zissman |first4=Marc A. |title=PACT: Private Automated Contact Tracing |publisher=MIT |url=https://pact.mit.edu}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web
|last1=Rivest |first1=Ronald L. |last2=Callas |first2=Jon |last3=Canetti |first3=Ran
|last4=Esvelt |first4=Kevin |last5=Gillmor |first5=Daniel Kahn |last6=Kalai |first6=Yael Tauman
|last7=Lysyanskaya |first7=Anna |last8=Norige |first8=Adam |last9=Raskar |first9=Ramesh
|last10=Shamir |first10=Adi |last11=Shen |first11=Emily |last12=Soibelman |first12=Israel
|last13=Specter |first13=Michael |last14=Teague |first14=Vanessa |last15=Trachtenberg |first15=Ari
|last16=Varia |first16=Mayank |last17=Viera |first17=Marc |last18=Weitzner |first18=Daniel
|last19=Wilkinson |first19=John |last20=Zissman |first20=Marc
|title=The PACT protocol specification
|url=https://pact.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/The-PACT-protocol-specification-ver-0.1.pdf
|publisher=MIT |access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foy |first1=Kylie |title=Bluetooth signals from your smartphone could automate Covid-19 contact tracing while preserving privacy |url=http://news.mit.edu/2020/bluetooth-covid-19-contact-tracing-0409 |website=MIT News |publisher=MIT |access-date=10 May 2020 |date=8 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dwinell |first1=Joe |title=MIT team races to perfect cellphone tracing of coronavirus |url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/04/26/mit-team-races-to-perfect-cellphone-tracing-of-coronavirus/ |website=Boston Herald |access-date=10 May 2020 |date=26 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->Covid Watch / TCN Coalition / [[Software:TCN Protocol|TCN Protocol]]
| <!-- Function -->decentralized
| <!-- Author   -->Covid Watch, CoEpi, ITO, Commons Project, [[Zcash]] Foundation, Openmined, Coalition Network
| <!-- Licence  -->public developed specification, [[Software:MIT License|MIT License]] code
| <!-- Homepage -->https://tcn-coalition.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704122756/https://www.lfph.io/tcn-coalition/ |date=2021-07-04  }}<br /> https://github.com/TCNCoalition/TCN
| <!-- Ref      --><ref name="Sam Schechner and Rolfe Winkler" />
|-
| <!-- Name     -->OpenCovidTrace
| <!-- Function -->decentralized
| <!-- Author   -->Nebula Ventures, open source community,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/OpenCovidTrace|title=Open Covid Trace|website=GitHub}}</ref> Quantstellation, MLM Holdings, Evocativideas, 1Checkin
| <!-- Licence  -->public developed specification, [[Software:GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]] iOS/Android code.
| <!-- Homepage -->https://opencovidtrace.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513174414/https://opencovidtrace.org/ |date=2020-05-13  }}<br /> https://github.com/OpenCovidTrace
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@OpenTrace/opencovidtrace-fully-private-open-source-contact-tracing-96b47e7635a3|title=OpenCovidTrace — fully private open source contact tracing|date=2020-04-28|website=Medium|language=en |access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->ReCoVer
| <!-- Function -->Centralized, Hybrid
| <!-- Author   -->
Stefano Piotto, Luigi Di Biasi,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://luigidibiasi.it/index.php/2021/03/01/sm-covid-19-open-data/|title=Contact Tracing Open data from Sm-Covid-19|website=luigidibiasi.it|date=March 2021}}</ref> Softmining, Minervas, PushApp, NexusTlc, University of Salerno, dibiasi.it Materiale Electrico,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dibiasi.it|title=materiale elettrico|website=dibiasi.it}}</ref> BiTS Community beta volunteers
| <!-- Licence  -->multiple protocols, partially closed source, partially private specifications, MPL
| <!-- Homepage -->https://smcovid19.org/recover/
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://smcovid19.org/recover/|title=ReCoVer Contact Tracing Protocol|date=2021-03-10|website=Softmining|language=it |access-date=2021-03-10}}</ref>
|}

== List of countries/territories with official contact tracing apps ==
;{{wipe|Australia}}
:[[Software:COVIDSafe|COVIDSafe]] is a digital [[Medicine:Contact tracing|contact tracing]] app announced by the Australian Government on 14 April 2020 to help combat the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The app is based on the [[Software:BlueTrace|BlueTrace]] protocol developed by the Singaporean Government, and was first released on 26 April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Privacy concerns as Australia's controversial coronavirus tracing app nears launch|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/privacy-concerns-as-australia-s-controversial-coronavirus-tracing-app-nears-launch|date=26 April 2020|website=SBS News|access-date=26 April 2020|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The coronavirus tracing app has been released. Here's what it looks like and what it wants to do|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-26/coronavirus-tracing-app-covidsafe-australia-covid-19-data/12186068|date=26 April 2020|access-date=26 April 2020|website=ABC News|language=en-AU}}</ref> The efficacy of the app was questioned over its lifetime, ultimately identifying just 2 confirmed cases by the time it was decommissioned on 16 August 2022.<ref name="COVIDSafe1">{{cite news|last=Black|first=Jessica|title=In its lifetime, $21 million COVIDSafe app detected just two confirmed cases|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-10/covidsafe-app-scrapped-what-went-wrong/101317746|date=10 August 2022|website=ABC News|access-date=10 August 2022|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref name="COVIDSafe2">{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Mark|title=Failed COVIDSafe app deleted|url=https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-mark-butler-mp/media/failed-covidsafe-app-deleted|date=10 August 2022|website=health.gov.au|access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref>

;Austria
:Stopp Corona is the [[Medicine:Contact tracing|contact tracing]] app published by the Austrian red cross on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Health. The app is supported both on Android and IOS platforms. The source code was released on 24 April 2020 as open source on GitHub.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

;[[Place:Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]
:e-Tabib is an official contact tracing and informational mobile app, prepared by Force Task under the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan. 'e-Tabib' is designed to be an application which will inform the users in real-time about the number of patients (both sick and recovered from COVID-19) in Azerbaijan. The app will provide daily updates on the status of COVID-19 from the Force Task under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan (or other applicable authorities designed in the Republic of Azerbaijan). 'e-Tabib' application was created with the assistance of "The Association for the Management of Medical Territorial Units" public entity (TƏBİB), which was established by the decree of the president of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated 20 December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title="E-TƏBİB" mobil tətbiqini yükləyin|url=https://koronavirusinfo.az/az/page/haqqimizda/e-tebib-mobil-tetbiqini-yukleyin|access-date=2020-06-19|website="E-TƏBİB" mobil tətbiqini yükləyin - koronovirusinfo.az|language=az}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=You'll be notified if people around you are virus carriers|work=abc.az|url=http://abc.az/en/news/49349|access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref>

;Bahrain
:BeAware Bahrain is the official mobile app for Android and iOS, developed by The Information & eGovernment Authority (iGA), in collaboration with the National Taskforce for Combating the Coronavirus (COVID-19). The application aims to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 by implementing contact tracing efforts to identify and keep track of all active cases and their contacts. It also uses location data of citizens to alert individuals in the event they approach an active case or a location an active case has visited, as well as track the movement of quarantine cases for a duration of 14 days. It also posts health recommendations and live data of global COVID-19 developments; iGA Chief Executive Mohammed Ali Al Qaed said: "The application deploys a tamper-proof GPS Tracking Bracelet to share real time-tracking information with health workers. Health workers are notified when quarantine cases exit their pre-set area by 15 meters, in which case the team will respond by reminding individuals of the importance of following procedures to safeguard the well-being of citizens and residents."<ref>{{cite web|last=MGZN|first=Startup|date=31 March 2020|title=Startup MGZN – 'BeAware Bahrain' app officially launched by iGA|url=https://www.startupmgzn.com/english/news/beaware-bahrain-app-officially-launched-by-iga/}}</ref>

;Bangladesh
:People's Republic of Bangladesh Government announced & launched a mobile app named Corona Tracer BD in May 2020 in Google Play Store.

;{{wipe|Brazil}}
:The public ministry of RN launched "Tô de Olho", a multipurpose app (including contact tracing, agglomeration denunciation, selective infectious testing), released in Rio Grande do Norte starting 4 April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavírus: IMD e MP criam site para denunciar aglomerações durante isolamento no RN|url=https://g1.globo.com/rn/rio-grande-do-norte/noticia/2020/04/07/coronavirus-imd-e-mp-criam-site-para-denunciar-aglomeracoes-durante-isolamento-no-rn.ghtml|access-date=2020-09-10|website=G1|date=7 April 2020 |language=pt}}</ref> The "Tô de Olho" research paper has more details on platform's design.<ref>{{Cite conference|last1=de Araújo|display-authors=0|date=2020|title=A Platform for Citizen Cooperation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in RN|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344176000|conference=Conference: 6th IEEE International Smart Cities Conference 2020}}</ref>

;{{wipe|Canada}}
:On 31 July 2020, the Canadian federal government launched their voluntary, "private, and anonymous" COVID-19 [[Software:Exposure Notification|exposure notification]] app, called COVID Alert which was developed along with [[Company:Shopify|Shopify]] and [[Engineering:BlackBerry|BlackBerry]] as technology partners, and has both an [[Software:IOS|iOS]] and an [[Software:Android (operating system)|Android]] version.<ref name="GOV_CA">{{cite web |title=Download COVID Alert today |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/covid-alert.html |website=a |publisher=Public Health Agency of Canada |date=4 August 2020 | access-date = 10 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="mobilesyrup_Malik_20200723">{{Cite news| last = Malik| first = Aiisha| title = Here's a first look at the government's 'COVID Alert' exposure notification app| work = MobileSyrup| access-date = 10 November 2020| date = 10 November 2020 | url = https://mobilesyrup.com/2020/07/23/heres-a-first-look-at-the-governments-covid-alert-contact-tracing-app/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| last = Aiello| first = Rachel| title = COVID-19 exposure notification app now available| work = CTV News| access-date = 10 November 2020| date = 31 July 2020| url = https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/covid-19-exposure-notification-app-now-available-1.5046868}}</ref> The federal COVID Alert exposure notification app is not a contact tracing app and does not have access to information such as user names, health information, addresses, smartphone contacts, or GPS location.<ref name="mobilesyrup_Malik_20200723"/> The app uses Bluetooth technology to check and share a random list of codes from any nearby smartphones held by people who have tested positive.<ref name="mobilesyrup_Malik_20200723"/> By mid-November, all the provinces except Alberta and British Columbia had access to the app.<ref name="calgaryherald_Herring_20201031">{{Cite news| last = Herring| first = Jason| title = Alberta government blocking federal COVID Alert app, Trudeau says |work= Calgary Herald| access-date = 10 November 2020| date = 31 October 2020| url = https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/alberta-government-blocking-federal-covid-alert-app-trudeau-says}}</ref> The Alberta government had launched their own app in May and in October said that the delay in signing on to the federal COVID Alert app, was to ensure all the existing 247,000 ABTraceTogether app accounts could be "transitioned" to the federal app.<ref name="calgaryherald_Herring_20201031"/> On 28 September 2021, the Citizen Lab published an analysis of COVID-19 data collection practices in Canada,  the United Kingdom, and the United States.<ref name="citizenlab/pandemic-privacy">{{cite journal |title=Pandemic Privacy Explained |url=https://citizenlab.ca/2021/09/pandemic-privacy-explained/ |website=The Citizen Lab |access-date=5 January 2023 |date=28 September 2021 |last1=Kenyon |first1=Miles }}</ref>

;{{wipe|China}}
:The Chinese government, in conjunction with [[Company:Alipay|Alipay]] and [[Software:WeChat|WeChat]], has deployed an app that allows citizens to check if they have been in contact with people that have COVID-19. It is in use across more than 200 Chinese cities.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mehta|first=Ivan|date=2020-03-03|title=China's coronavirus detection app is reportedly sharing citizen data with police|url=https://thenextweb.com/china/2020/03/03/chinas-covid-19-app-reportedly-color-codes-people-and-shares-data-with-cops/|access-date=2020-04-01|work=The Next Web|language=en}}</ref>
:In China, within these apps pose three colors as a result of the risk they pose. For example, green is good and can go about normal activities. On the other hand, yellow indicates the user they have been in contact with someone who tested positive with the virus and should exercise precaution. Lastly, red indicates to the user they have the virus and should remain quarantined to not expose others. These tests and colors are shared with the local police. So every QR code is central to a city/district.<ref name="Mozur Zhong & Krolik 2020">{{cite news |last1=Mozur |first1=Paul |last2=Zhong |first2=Raymond |last3=Krolik |first3=Aaron |title=In Coronavirus Fight, China Gives Citizens a Color Code, With Red Flags |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/01/business/china-coronavirus-surveillance.html |work=The New York Times |date=2 March 2020 }}</ref>
;Colombia
:CoronApp is the mobile app for Android and iOS –and available for the Huawei AppGallery– developed by the Colombian government. The app, downloaded more than 12 million users (March, 2021), is a free application, which does not consume data; it helps detect affected areas and nearby people with a positive diagnosis for COVID-19. CoronApp facilitates the real-time monitoring of data collected to the Emergency Operations Center of the Instituto Nacional de Salud (National Health Institute, INS). It incorporates technologies such as those developed by the Governments of Singapore and South Korea, as well as Apple.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronapp|url=https://coronaviruscolombia.gov.co/test/aislamiento-saludable/coronapp.html|access-date=2020-04-19|website=coronaviruscolombia.gov.co|language=es}}</ref> Privacy, the major concern with these applications from organizations around the world, has not been the exception for Colombia: Fundación Karisma points out some vulnerabilities of CoronApp.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-17|title=CoronApp: what are the objections to the government's app to handle the pandemic?|url=https://web.karisma.org.co/coronapp-muchos-datos-pocos-beneficios/|access-date=2020-05-21|website=Fundación Karisma|publisher=karisma.org.co|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602095140/https://web.karisma.org.co/coronapp-muchos-datos-pocos-beneficios/ |archive-date=2 June 2020 }}</ref>  Along with the criticisms, there were analysis that found strengths and weaknesses in it.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Impacto TIC|date=2020-05-17|title=CoronApp: what are the objections to the Government's app to handle the pandemic? • Impacto TIC|url=https://impactotic.co/en/coronapp-what-are-the-objections-to-the-government-app-to-manage-the-pandemic/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Impacto TIC|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818170846/https://impactotic.co/en/coronapp-what-are-the-objections-to-the-government-app-to-manage-the-pandemic/ |archive-date=18 August 2021 }}</ref> As an additional benefit of the app, the Colombian Government financed 1 gigabyte per month and 100 minutes for users of prepaid lines that install it.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sandra Defelipe Díaz|title=Nuevas disposiciones para garantizar un mínimo de conectividad y acceso a recursos • Impacto TIC|date=16 April 2020|url=https://impactotic.co/nuevas-disposiciones-para-garantizar-un-minimo-de-conectividad-y-acceso-a-recursos/|access-date=2020-04-30|publisher=Impactotic.co}}</ref>

;Croatia
:Stop COVID-19 is a mobile app for Android and iOS, developed by an agency of the Croatian government.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

;[[Place:Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
:The government launched a Singapore-inspired tracing app called eRouška (eFacemask). The app was developed by the local IT community, released as [[Open-source software|open-source software]] and will be handed over to the government.<ref name="czechcrunch1">{{cite web|date=11 April 2020|title=V Česku se spouští aplikace eRouška. Staví na ochraně soukromí a upozorní, pokud jste přišli do kontaktu s nakaženým - CzechCrunch|url=https://www.czechcrunch.cz/2020/04/v-cesku-se-spousti-aplikace-erouska-stavi-na-ochrane-soukromi-a-upozorni-pokud-jste-prisli-do-kontaktu-s-nakazenym/|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=Czechcrunch.cz|language=cs}}</ref>

;{{wipe|Denmark}}
:[https://smittestop.dk/ Smittestop] is a digital contact tracing app developed by the Ministry of Health and the Elderly, the Danish Agency for Patient Safety, the National Board of Health, the Danish Serum Institute, the National Board of Digitization and Netcompany. It was released on 18 June 2020 to help combat the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The app uses Bluetooth technology to alert the user if they have been within one meter for more than fifteen minutes of a person who tested positive. Available on the Google Play store and Apple store.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

;Fiji
:The Fijian government launched the country's contact tracing app which is known as [[Software:CareFIJI|careFIJI]]. The app uses Bluetooth Low Energy Technology and is based on the [[Software:BlueTrace|BlueTrace]] protocol developed by the Singaporean Government.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fijivillage|title=careFIJI COVID-19 tracing app now available to download|url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/careFIJI-COVID-19-tracing-app-now-available-to-download-5f4xr8/|access-date=2020-12-01|website=www.fijivillage.com|language=en}}</ref>

;{{wipe|Finland}}
:The Finnish app [[Software:Koronavilkku|Koronavilkku]] launched on 31 August 2020 with Finnish and Swedish localizations. An English translation was released later on.<ref name="koronavilkku-faq-en">{{cite web |access-date=2020-09-05|title=FAQ Koronavilkku|url=https://koronavilkku.fi/en/faq/}}</ref>

;{{wipe|France}}
:The French National Assembly approved the release of "StopCovid" on 27 May 2020 to help combat the COVID-19 pandemic. StopCovid is a digital [[Medicine:Contact tracing|contact tracing]] app based on a bluetooth tracing protocol developed specially for the app. It was released on 2 June 2020.<ref name="le-monde-stop-covid-release">{{cite news|date=2 June 2020|title=L'application StopCovid est désormais disponible au téléchargement|newspaper=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2020/06/02/l-application-stopcovid-est-desormais-disponible-au-telechargement_6041536_4408996.html|access-date=2020-06-02|publisher=Czechcrunch.cz|language=fr}}</ref> The app was later renamed TousAntiCovid.<ref>{{cite web|date=26 October 2020|title=France launches new contact tracing app, TousAntiCovid|author=Sara Mageit|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/emea/france-launches-new-contact-tracing-app-tousanticovid|access-date=2021-01-27|publisher=Healthcare IT News|language=en}}</ref> Updates have also included the addition of a "News" section with daily information about the state of the pandemic in France, as well as a "Forms" section to generate the travel declaration forms needed to go outside during the various lockdowns and curfews.

;{{wipe|Germany}}
:The official app called "Corona-Warn-App" was made available for download on 16 June 2020 and presented in a press conference the same day. It was developed as [[Open-source software|open-source software]] jointly by Deutsche Telekom and [[Company:SAP|SAP]] with scientific advice from the federal Robert Koch Institute and uses the Exposure Notification APIs from Google and Apple.<ref>{{cite web|title=Veröffentlichung der Corona-Warn-App|url=https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/aktuelles/veroeffentlichung-der-corona-warn-app-1760892|access-date=2020-06-16|website=bundesregierung.de|date=16 June 2020 |language=de}}</ref>

;Greece
:The official platform in Greece against covid, called Covid Checker, is one of the first solution in Europe against COVID-19 pandemic that was approved and made available on 29 March 2020. Covid Checker is a mobile & web solution designed to identify coronavirus symptoms and associated risk, provide reliable guidance, & connect qualified patients with a doctor for further assistance. Covid Checker powered by Docandu was first released as a widget attached to the governmental websites such as the patt.gov.gr while few weeks later was released as an app in Google Playstore. It was developed jointly by DOCANDU, the Region of Attica  and the Medical Association of Athens.<ref>{{cite web|title=Μια ακόμα καινοτόμα υπηρεσία που αξιολογεί τις πιθανότητες μόλυνσης από τον κορωνοϊό, θέτει στη διάθεση των πολιτών η Περιφέρεια Αττικής και ο Ιατρικός Σύλλογος Αθηνών|url=http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34832%3Amia-akoma-kainotoma-ypiresia-pou-aksiologei-tis-pithanotites-molynsis-apo-ton-koronoio-thetei-sti-diathesi-ton-politon-i-perifereia-attikis-kai-o-iatrikos-syllogos-athinon&catid=3%3A2008-09-06-21-42-59&Itemid=709|access-date=2021-02-06|website=patt.gov.gr|date = 29 March 2020|language=el}}</ref>

;Ghana
:The government launched "GH COVID-19 Tracker App", an Android and IOS app equipped with location tracking technology to provide detailed information about people who have been at the same event, location, country or other defined locations in order to provide accurate information to health authorities overtime to know who to screen and provide needed assistance. The app was developed by the Ministry of Communication and Technology and Ministry of Health.<ref name="ghanaweb.com">{{cite web|title=Bawumia launches GH COVID-19 Tracker App|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Bawumia-launches-GH-COVID-19-Tracker-App-922885|access-date=2020-04-14|website=www.ghanaweb.com|date=14 April 2020|language=en}}</ref> {{As of|2020|04|14}}, the app was awaiting approval by the Google Play Store and the [[Software:App Store (iOS)|Apple App Store]].<ref name="BBC News Pidgin">{{Cite news|date=2020-04-14|title=Why Ghana govment do virtual concert take launch COVID-19 app wey people no fit download?|language=en|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-52267513|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref>

;[[Place:Gibraltar|Gibraltar]]
:The "BEAT Covid Gibraltar" App, based on the App from Ireland, was launched on 18 June<ref name="beatcovid">{{cite web |url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press-releases/beat-covid-gibraltar-app-4092020-5976 |title=Beat Covid Gibraltar App - 409/2020 |publisher=HM Government of Gibraltar |date=18 June 2020}}</ref> with downloads of 15,000 by 8 August, from an estimated 20,000 phone users.

;[[Place:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
:The government launched [[Software:LeaveHomeSafe|LeaveHomeSafe]] on 16 November 2020. It was initially not compulsory for people to use but starting from 18 February 2021, customers are required to scan the QR code with the app or register their contact details before entering some of the restaurants.<ref name="info.gov.hk-2020-11-11" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/hong-kong-economy/article/3121942/are-hong-kongs-restaurants-ready-eased-covid-19 |title=Are Hong Kong's restaurants ready for eased Covid-19 curbs? 100,000 staff to be tested, operators see app rule as recipe for conflict |publisher=South China Morning Post |first1=Cannix |last1=Yau |first2=Nadia |last2=Lam |date=17 February 2021 |access-date=19 February 2021 }}</ref> However, the government refused to open the source code for peer-review by using an excuse of protecting the intellectual property of the program.<ref>{{cite web |title=安心出行錄逾250萬次下載 不開放原始碼稱「尊重知識產權」 |url=https://m.mingpao.com/pns/%E8%A6%81%E8%81%9E/article/20210222/s00001/1613931845636/%E5%AE%89%E5%BF%83%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%8C%E9%8C%84%E9%80%BE250%E8%90%AC%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%8B%E8%BC%89-%E4%B8%8D%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%A2%BC%E7%A8%B1%E3%80%8C%E5%B0%8A%E9%87%8D%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E7%94%A2%E6%AC%8A%E3%80%8D |website=Ming Pao |language=zh-hk |access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref>

;Hungary
:VírusRadar, an Android app, was launched on 13 May and an iOS version on 30 May 2020. The app uses Bluetooth technology to track unique, random application IDs within a proximity of 2 meters for more than 20 minutes in the previous 14 days. The system has been developed by Nextsense, based on the company's contact tracing technology.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-05-14|title=Nextsense Contact Tracing Technology|url=https://nextsense.com/contact-tracing-technology.nspx|access-date=2020-05-24|publisher=Nextsense.com}}</ref> According to the developer, a version of the application integrating Google and Apple's API is currently under testing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Megjelent a hazai, hivatalos VírusRadar app iOS-re is|date=30 May 2020|url=https://szifon.com/2020/05/30/megjelent-a-hazai-hivatalos-virusradar-app-ios-re-is/}}</ref> The app is operated under the umbrella of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology of Hungary, operated by the Governmental Agency for IT Development and supported by Biztributor.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaszás|first=Fanni|date=2020-05-14|title=Coronavirus: New App to Track Nearby Positive Cases Available to Download|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/coronavirus-hungary-app-virusradar/}}</ref>

;Iceland
:Rakning C-19 route tracking is a [[Engineering:GPS|GPS]] logger app for Android and iOS, with a [[User interface|user interface]] and content from the national COVID-19 web page. When infection is confirmed the route data is used to support more traditional contact tracing. According to ''MIT Technology Review'' as of 11 May 2020 it had the largest national [[Finance:Market penetration|market penetration]] rate of contact trackers in the world, having been downloaded by 38% of Icelanders.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nearly 40% of Icelanders are using a covid app—and it hasn't helped much|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/05/11/1001541/iceland-rakning-c19-covid-contact-tracing/|website=MIT Technology Review|language=en}}</ref>

;{{wipe|India}}
:The [[Software:Aarogya Setu|Aarogya Setu]] app is developed by the National Informatics Centre that comes under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. The app is available on Google Play Store and Apple's App Store for download.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 April 2020|title=Download:Aarogya Setu App|url=https://navtechy.com/home/download-aarogya-setu-app-on-android-and-ios/|website=navtechy.com}}</ref>
:The MyGov app is developed by the National Informatics Centre that comes under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. The app is available on Google Play Store and Apple's App Store for download.

;Ireland
: The official [[Software:COVID Tracker Ireland|COVID Tracker]] app was launched by the Irish government on 7 July 2020. Within two days of launch, the app had been downloaded by one million people.<ref>{{cite news |author=Sarah Burns |author2=Martin Wall |date=2020-07-08 |title=One million people have now downloaded Ireland's Covid-19 tracker app |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/one-million-people-have-now-downloaded-ireland-s-covid-19-tracker-app-1.4299056 |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=2020-07-09}}</ref> The Health Service Executive subsequently made the code behind the app available to other countries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/health-pharma/hse-donates-contact-tracing-app-to-global-public-health-project-1.4308955|title=HSE donates contact tracing app to global public health project|newspaper=The Irish Times }}</ref>

;[[Place:Israel|Israel]]
:On 22 March 2020 the Ministry of Health launched "HaMagen" (המגן,"the shield"), an iOS and Android contact tracing app.<ref>{{cite news|title=Health Ministry launches phone app to help prevent spread of coronavirus|language=en|website=timesofisrael.com|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/health-ministry-launches-phone-app-to-help-prevent-spread-of-coronavirus/|access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref> Hamagen tracks a user's whereabouts using standard location [[Application programming interface|APIs]] and then compares them to known movements of those diagnosed with COVID-19, in order to check if their paths crossed within the previous 14 days. The Hamagen app was specifically designed with a privacy-first approach where information about locations and times is cross-referenced on the user's device, and not transmitted on to the [[Cloud database|cloud database]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Privacy Policy and Information Security|url=https://govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/hamagen-app/magen-privacy-en/|access-date=2020-04-23|website=אפליקציית|language=en}}</ref>

;Italy
:On 1 June 2020 the Ministry of Health launched the Italian Government's exposure notification solution, "Immuni", an iOS and Android contact tracing app build on top of the Google/Apple API. The solution was realized by the Special Commissioner for the COVID-19 emergency (Presidency of the Council of Ministers), in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry for Technological Innovation and Digitalization. It only uses public infrastructures located within the national borders. It is exclusively managed by the public company Sogei S.p.A. The source code has been developed for the Presidency of the Council of Ministers by Bending Spoons S.p.A., and it is released under a [[Software:GNU Affero General Public License|GNU Affero General Public License]] version 3.<ref>{{cite web|title=Immuni documentation|url=https://github.com/immuni-app/immuni-documentation|access-date=2020-06-01|website=github.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Al via test su app Immuni, c'è anche l'ok del Garante Privacy|url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/tecnologia/software_app/2020/06/01/lapp-immuni-sugli-store-da-oggi_a14044b9-b933-4a98-be78-ce60e4c007e3.html|access-date=2020-06-29|website=ansa.it|date=June 2020|language=en}}</ref>

;{{wipe|Japan}}
:On 19 June 2020 the [[Organization:Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare|Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare]] released {{Nihongo|[[Software:COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application|COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application]]|新型コロナウイルス接触確認アプリ|Shingata Koronauirusu Sesshoku Kakunin Apuri|COCOA}}.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=新型コロナウイルス接触確認アプリ(COCOA) COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application|url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/cocoa_00138.html|access-date=2020-06-19|website=www.mhlw.go.jp|language=ja}}</ref> It is available on iOS 13.5 or above and [[Software:Android Marshmallow|Android 6]] or above.<ref name=":2" />

;Jersey
:Jersey COVID Alert is the official contact tracing mobile app for Jersey that was released on 14 October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jersey|first=States of|title=Government of Jersey|url=http://www.gov.je/Health/Coronavirus/CovidAlert/Pages/JerseyCOVIDAlertAppTermsofUse.aspx|access-date=2020-10-03|website=gov.je|language=en}}</ref>

;Jordan
:The AMAN App - Jordan app is developed for Jordan's Ministry of Health. AMAN is a privacy-conscious exposure detection App. The App was released on 21 May 2020 and is currently available on Google Play Store and App Store.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 May 2020|title=Health Ministry rolls out app alerting users to possible COVID-19 exposure|website=Jordan Times|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/health-ministry-rolls-out-app-alerting-users-possible-covid-19-exposure}}</ref>

;Latvia
:A consortium of IT companies and volunteers launched decentralized proximity tracing Apturi Covid application on 29 May 2020. It is Android and Apple compatible. The county's president and government ministers installed the application on their phones on the launch day. Application developers hoped to reach 400 000 users, approximately 20% of the country's population.<ref>{{cite web|title=Latvian 'Stop Covid' app first of its kind in the world|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/health/latvian-stop-covid-app-first-of-its-kind-in-the-world.a361746/|access-date=2020-05-20|website=lsm.lv|language=en}}</ref>

;Malaysia
:The government launched [[Software:MySejahtera|MySejahtera]] on 16 April 2020,<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-05-03|title=Putrajaya unveils contact-tracing app for Covid-19, assures data is confidential|work=MalaysiaKini|url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/523824|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> one of three tracing app that released alongside MyTrace and Gerak Malaysia. MySejahtera is a contact tracing app introduced by the National Security Council and the Ministry of Health on 16 April 2020 to retrieve updated information and statistics of the pandemic. MyTrace is a tracing app that utilizes Bluetooth to detect how long a user smartphone are in close proximity with other smartphone users with a similar app installed, and is currently available on Android.<ref name="MalaysMail1">{{cite news|last=Bunyan|first=John|date=2020-05-05|title=Gerak Malaysia, MySejahtera, MyTrace: Apps to get you through the MCO|work=Malay Mail|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/05/05/gerak-malaysia-mysejahtera-mytrace-apps-to-get-you-through-the-mco/1863069|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> Gerak Malaysia is a tracing app which allows police and the Ministry of Health to track and analyze users movement, and register for permission to allow state border crossing.

;Nepal
:Nepal Engineers Association Launched COVIRA app, developed by Science Hub on 22 June 2020.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-05-03|title=Covira app launched to measure COVID risk|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/covira-app-launched-to-measure-covid-risk/|access-date=2020-07-16}}</ref> COVIRA has been developed on a multidisciplinary framework where several facctors are considered to provide the risk level.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Multidisciplinary Approach to COVID-19 Risk Communication: A Framework and Tool for Individual and Regional Risk Assessment|first1=Rishi Ram|last1=Parajuli|first2=Bhogendra|last2=Mishra|first3=Amrit|last3=Banstola|first4=Bhoj Raj|last4=Ghimire|first5=Shobha|last5=Poudel|first6=Kusum|last6=Sharma|first7=Sameer|last7=Dixit|first8=Sunil|last8=Shah|first9=Padam|last9=Simkhada|first10=Edwin|last10=Van Teijlingen|journal=Scientific Reports|date=23 June 2020|volume=10|issue=1|page=21650|ssrn=3634190|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-78779-0|pmid=33303910|pmc=7729931|bibcode=2020NatSR..1021650P|doi-access=free}}</ref> It can be used for individual risk assessment which can be assessed from all over the world, and regional risk are provided for Nepal in palika level.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 risk communication: A framework and tool for individual and regional risk assessment|first1=Rishi Ram|last1=Parajuli|first2=Bhogendra|last2=Mishra|first3=Amrit|last3=Banstola|first4=Bhoj Raj|last4=Ghimire|first5=Shobha|last5=Poudel|first6=Kusum|last6=Sharma|first7=Sameer Mani|last7=Dixit|first8=Sunil Kumar|last8=Shah|first9=Padam|last9=Simkhada|first10=Edwin van|last10=Teijlingen|date=14 July 2020|journal= Scientific Reports|volume=10|issue=1|page=21650|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-78779-0|pmid=33303910|pmc=7729931|bibcode=2020NatSR..1021650P}}</ref> This is available on web application platform.<ref name="COVIRA">{{cite web |url=https://www.covira.info/ |title=Home |website=covira.info |access-date=2020-07-16  |archive-date=2020-07-16  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716235903/https://www.covira.info/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

;Netherlands
:The official contract tracing app by the Dutch government is called CoronaMelder.

;[[Earth:New Zealand|New Zealand]]
:The Health Ministry launched the [[Software:NZ COVID Tracer|NZ COVID Tracer]] on 20 May, though some users reported being able to access the App on 19 May.<ref name="RNZ COVID Tracer">{{cite news|date=19 May 2020|title=Covid-19 tracing app launched earlier than expected|work=Radio New Zealand|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/417045/covid-19-tracing-app-launched-earlier-than-expected|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520005813/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/417045/covid-19-tracing-app-launched-earlier-than-expected|archive-date=20 May 2020}}</ref> The app is available on Apple's App Store and [[Software:Google Play|Google Play]]. NZ COVID Tracer allows users to scan their own [[QR code]]s at businesses, public buildings and other organisations to track where they have been for contract tracing purposes.<ref name="NZ COVID Tracer">{{cite web|title=NZ COVID Tracer app|url=https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-health-advice-general-public/contact-tracing-covid-19/nz-covid-tracer-app|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519204422/https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-health-advice-general-public/contact-tracing-covid-19/nz-covid-tracer-app|archive-date=19 May 2020|access-date=20 May 2020|publisher=Ministry of Health}}</ref><ref name="NZH COVID app">{{cite news|date=20 May 2020|title=Covid 19 coronavirus: 'Digital diary' tracing app trips up; users unable to log on, 'can't use it'|work=New Zealand Herald|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12333297|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520010326/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12333297|archive-date=20 May 2020}}</ref> Bluetooth Exposure Notification System was added in December, 2020.

;North Macedonia
:The government launched "StopKorona!" on 13 April 2020, becoming the first country in the Western Balkans to launch a COVID-19 tracing app. The Bluetooth-based app traces exposure with potentially infected persons and is designed to help healthcare authorities provide a fast response. The app was developed and donated by Skopje-based Software company Nextsense. To comply with laws on data protection, the app does not use the users' locations nor personal information. The users' mobile phone numbers are the only user-related data, stored on servers managed by the Ministry of Health.<ref name="stop.koronavirus.gov.mk">{{cite web|title=StopKorona! – tracing of Coronavirus exposure and protection from COVID-19|url=https://stop.koronavirus.gov.mk/|access-date=2020-04-13|website=stop.koronavirus.gov.mk|language=mk|archive-date=2020-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418235116/https://stop.koronavirus.gov.mk/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-16|title=North Macedonia Leads Region in COVID-19 Tracing App|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/04/16/north-macedonia-leads-region-in-covid-19-tracing-app/|access-date=2020-04-21|website=Balkan Insight|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=StopKorona|url=https://www.nextsense.com//stopkorona.nspx|access-date=2020-04-21|website=www.nextsense.com|language=en}}</ref>

;{{wipe|Norway}}
:The Smittestopp app is developed by the Norwegian government, and uses Bluetooth and GPS signals.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: Norwegen veröffentlicht die App Smittestopp, um Infektionen aufzuspüren|url=https://www.watson.ch/!577023851|access-date=2020-04-19|website=watson.ch|language=de}}</ref> On 15 June 2020 the country halted the app over privacy concerns after the Norwegian Data Protection Authority said low infections could no longer justify the risk of privacy invasion by the end user. The app ceased collecting new data and plans to delete all data collected so far with any additional collections effectively paused indefinitely.<ref>{{cite web|title=Norway halts coronavirus app over privacy concerns|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/06/15/1003562/norway-halts-coronavirus-app-over-privacy-concerns/|access-date=2020-06-15|website=technologyreview.com|language=en}}</ref>

;{{wipe|Philippines}}
:Staysafe is the official contact tracing app for the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PH government launches StaySafe.ph as official contact tracing program – Palace|url=https://pcoo.gov.ph/news_releases/ph-government-launches-staysafe-ph-as-official-contact-tracing-program-palace/|access-date=2021-09-02|website=pcoo.gov.ph|language=en}}</ref>

;Portugal
:Stayaway COVID is the official contact tracing mobile app for Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EstamosON - Informação Oficial COVID19|url=https://covid19estamoson.gov.pt/|access-date=2020-10-03|website=EstamosON|language=pt}}</ref>

;Qatar
:Ehteraz application (app) has allowed Qatar citizens and residents to move with ease and responsibly in the country while helping the authorities prevent the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19). A Cabinet decision, which came into effect on 22 May, requires citizens and residents to mandatorily install and activate the mobile app on their smartphones when leaving the house for any reason. Since then, more and more entities in the country have made it compulsory for clients and visitors to show the green status on the Ehteraz app to be allowed entry into their premises. Apart from hypermarkets and other retail outlets, banks, as well as several commercial buildings and offices, in Qatar have put in place similar measures to help prevent the spread of COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=2020-06-24|title=Green status on Ehteraz, the new normal|website=Gulf Times|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/665052/Green-status-on-Ehteraz-the-new-normal/}}</ref>

;Saudi Arabia
:Tabaud is the official mobile app for Web, Android and iOS, developed by the National Health Information Center (NHIC). It allows users to track and trace via Apple/Google Exposure Notification API. More than 1,000,000 users have downloaded the app.<ref>{{cite web |title=Apps for your health |url=https://covid19awareness.sa/en/apps-for-your-health-2 |website=Protect against COVID-19}}</ref>

;'''Scotland'''
:Protect Scotland is the official contact tracing app for Scotland. Scotland uses the Test and Protect method. Throughout the country they test people with symptoms, isolate people who were in close contact with positive testers, and limit exposure to as many people as possible.

;[[Place:Singapore|Singapore]]
:An app called [[Software:TraceTogether|TraceTogether]] is being used.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kharpal|first=Arjun|date=2020-03-26|title=Use of surveillance to fight coronavirus raises concerns about government power after pandemic ends|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/27/coronavirus-surveillance-used-by-governments-to-fight-pandemic-privacy-concerns.html|access-date=2020-04-01|work={{wipe|CNBC}}|language=en}}</ref> It uses a digital contact tracing protocol called [[Software:BlueTrace|BlueTrace]], developed with an [[Open source|open source]] reference implementation called OpenTrace.<ref>{{Citation|title=opentrace-community/opentrace-android|date=2020-04-20|url=https://github.com/opentrace-community/opentrace-android|publisher=OpenTrace|access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref>

;{{wipe|South Africa}}
:COVID AlertSA is a digital [[Medicine:Contact tracing|contact tracing]] app announced by the Government of South Africa on 8 August 2020 to help combat the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

;{{wipe|Spain}}
:The official app called Radar COVID has been released by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation for Android and iOS for a pilot test in [[Earth:La Gomera|La Gomera]]. The app is based on the DP-3T protocol and uses the Apple/Google API for contact tracing and it is expected to be rolled out to further Spanish regions in September. In its first year, it only notified 74.280 out of more of 4 million infections. Less than 20% of citizens had installed it. Bugs and battery exhaustion discouraged further usage.<ref name="Rincón">{{cite news |last1=Rincón |first1=Sara |title='Radar COVID' fracasa, la aplicación solo ha notificado 74.000 contagios de coronavirus |url=https://www.antena3.com/noticias/salud/fracaso-radar-covid-aplicacion-que-solo-notificado-74000-contagios-covid19-ano_20210820611fe4d1b6749a0001af4764.html |access-date=1 November 2021 |work=Antena 3 Noticias |date=20 August 2021 |language=es-ES}}</ref>

;Slovenia
:ZVem is a e-government platform for public health in the Republic of Slovenia. Citizens can access the web based platform and associated mobile app via SI-PASS, a secure authorization software developed for public platforms. Users of the service can make a doctor's appointment with few simple clicks. They can see their prescriptions and e-documents. During COVID-19 pandemic, e-documents were usable for the COVID-19 vaccination certificates. Health insurance information is available via the platform as well.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domov |url=https://zvem.ezdrav.si/domov |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=zvem.ezdrav.si}}</ref> The solution was developed by National Institute for Public Health and the Ministry for Health. And the  mobile application for protecting public health and lives, #OstaniZdrav (#StayHealthy), is a tool that informs you if you have been in contact with an infected person. With its use and the observance of recommendations, each person contributes their share to restricting the spread of the virus and the protection of our own health, the health of our loved ones and that of society as a whole.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The #OstaniZdrav mobile application {{!}} GOV.SI |url=https://www.gov.si/en/topics/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/the-ostanizdrav-mobile-application/ |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=Portal GOV.SI |language=en}}</ref>

;{{wipe|Switzerland}}
:An app called SwissCovid which uses the [[Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing|DP-3T protocol]] and is built top of Apple/Google bluetooth API. Application is licensed under [[Software:Mozilla Public License|Mozilla Public License]] 2.0.<ref name="github-SwissCovid">{{cite web|date=27 May 2020|title=DP-3T/dp3t-app-android-ch|url=https://github.com/DP-3T/dp3t-app-android-ch|website=github.com|publisher=DP^3T}}</ref><ref name="SwissCovid-bbc">{{cite web|last1=Kelion|first1=Leo|date=26 May 2020|title=First Google/Apple-based virus-trace app launched|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52807635|website=BBC News}}</ref>

;Taiwan
:Taiwan AILabs in conjunction with the [[Organization:Taiwan Centers for Disease Control|Taiwan Centers for Disease Control]] on 12 March 2021 released the Taiwan Social Distancing app for Android and iOS.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Taiwan launches social distancing app |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4193136 |access-date=2021-05-18|website=Taiwan News |date=2 May 2021}}</ref>

;[[Place:Turkey|Turkey]]
:Security was ensured by checking the HES codes received by the users at the entrances to closed areas. The HES codes of people who were in contact or became ill were processed as "sick" and kept in quarantine for 14 days. With this separate application, citizens could control the health status of people's immediate environment (mother, father, sibling). If someone with covid positive is too close to you, you can see this in the application and take precautions. It also counts how many people you have come into contact with who are covid positive.

;{{wipe|United Kingdom}}
[[File:A day in the life of the COVID-19 app.webm|thumb|left|A brief video, showing the Wales and {{wipe|England}} app in action, produced by the Welsh Government.]]
:The [[Software:NHS COVID-19|NHS COVID-19]] contact tracing app for England and Wales was released on 24 September 2020. The NHS app uses Google/Apple exposure notification technology. (The NHS previously tried a centralised system rather than a decentralised approach). Scotland and Northern Ireland contact tracing apps were launched in the weeks prior to England & Wales.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nhs-covid-19-app-launches-across-england-and-wales|title = NHS COVID-19 app launches across England and Wales}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.scot/news/protect-scotland-app-launches/|title = Protect Scotland app launches - gov.scot}}</ref> To aid contract tracing, the NHS COVID-19 contact tracing app for England and Wales<ref>{{cite news|date=24 September 2020|title=NHS COVID-19 app launches across England and Wales|work=Department of Health and Social Care|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nhs-covid-19-app-launches-across-england-and-wales|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> allows users to scan official NHS [[QR code]] posters at businesses, venues and transport hubs.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 October 2020|title=Create a coronavirus NHS QR code for your venue |url=https://www.gov.uk/create-coronavirus-qr-poster}}</ref> To ensure data integrity, the QR code is constructed from a [[JSON Web Signature]] (JWS).<ref>{{cite web|date=18 September 2020|title=How not to QR (NHS COVID-19 App)|author=Rev Adrian Kennard|url=https://www.revk.uk/2020/09/how-not-to-qr-nhs-c19-app.html}}</ref> On 28 September 2021, the Citizen Lab published an analysis of COVID-19 data collection practices in Canada,  the United Kingdom, and the United States.<ref name="citizenlab/pandemic-privacy"/>
:As of 27 April 2023 the NHS COVID-19 App was discontinued.<ref name="Withdrawn NHS COVID-19 app">{{Cite web |title=[Withdrawn] NHS COVID-19 app |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/nhs-covid-19-app |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=GOV.UK |date=27 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== Countries considering deployment ==

=== Centralized approaches ===
In the United Kingdom, Matthew Gould, chief executive of NHSX, the government body responsible for policy regarding technology in the NHS, said in late March 2020 that the organisation was looking seriously at an app that would alert people if they had recently been in contact with someone testing positive for the virus after scientists advising the government suggested it "could play a critical role" in limiting lockdowns.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kelion|first=Leo|date=31 March 2020|title=UK considers virus-tracing app to ease lockdown|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52095331|access-date=2020-04-01|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> On 22 April, the government announced that alpha testing of a prototype of the app was in progress at RAF Leeming.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kelion|first=Leo|date=2020-04-22|title=NHS coronavirus-tracing app is tested at RAF base|language=en|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52381103|access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref> Beta testing began on the Isle of Wight on 5 May for council staff and NHS workers before a wider rollout to all residents on 7 May.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kelion|first=Leo|date=4 May 2020|title=Coronavirus: UK contact-tracing app is ready for Isle of Wight downloads|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-52532435|access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> By 15 May, over 72,000 had downloaded the app, equivalent to more than half of the island's population.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-15|title=More than half of IOW downloads Covid-19 contact tracing app|language=en|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/uk-england-hampshire-52662257|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref>

On 18 June, following reports that the app was only detecting 75% of contacts on Android devices and 4% of contacts on iPhones,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Johnston|first=John|date=19 June 2020|title=NHS Covid-19 app to be scrapped after only detecting 4% of contacts on iPhones|url=https://civilserviceworld.com/articles/news/nhs-covid-19-app-be-scrapped-after-only-detecting-4-contacts-iphones|access-date=2020-06-19|website=Civil Service World}}</ref> the UK government announced that it would cease the development of its centralized system, and move to a decentralized system based on the Apple/Google Exposure Notification system.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Menendez|first=Elisa|date=2020-06-18|title=NHS track and trace app ditched for new model focused on better privacy|url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/06/18/nhs-track-trace-app-ditched-new-model-focused-better-privacy-12871208/|access-date=2020-06-18|website=Metro|language=en}}</ref> This was later scheduled for release in England and Wales on 24 September;<ref name="launchdate">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-11|title=Coronavirus: England and Wales' contact-tracing app gets launch date|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-54118022/|access-date=2020-09-11|website=BBC News|language=en}}</ref> by this date, the devolved administrations in Scotland and Northern Ireland had already released their own apps.<ref name="downloaded">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-11|title=Scotland's Covid contact tracing app downloaded more than 600,000 times|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-54098960/|access-date=2020-09-11|website=BBC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-11|title=Covid-19: Tracing app is released for NI|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-53599514/|access-date=2020-07-30|website=BBC News|language=en}}</ref>

=== Decentralized approaches ===
Both Australia and New Zealand are considering apps based on Singapore's [[Software:TraceTogether|TraceTogether]] app and [[Software:BlueTrace|BlueTrace]] protocol as of April 2020.<ref>{{cite web|last=Barbaschow|first=Asha|title=Australia looks to 'go harder' with use of COVID-19 contact tracing app|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/australia-looks-to-go-harder-with-use-of-covid-19-contact-tracing-app/|access-date=2020-04-15|website=ZDNet|language=en}}</ref>

Many countries have announced the official development, trial or adoption of [[Decentralized computing|decentralized]] proximity tracing systems, where the matching of proximity encounters happens [[Edge computing|locally]] on individuals' devices, such as the [[Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing|Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-3T)]] protocol or the Google-Apple Exposure Notification API. These include Austria,<ref name="weiterentwicklung1">{{cite web|title=Stopp Corona-App: Weiterentwicklung mit Hilfe der Zivilgesellschaft|url=https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20200422_OTS0052/stopp-corona-app-weiterentwicklung-mit-hilfe-der-zivilgesellschaft|access-date=2020-04-23|website=OTS.at|language=de}}</ref> {{wipe|Switzerland}},<ref>{{cite web|last1=swissinfo.ch|first1=S. W. I.|last2=Corporation|first2=a branch of the Swiss Broadcasting|title=Contact tracing app could be launched in Switzerland within weeks|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/sci-tech/digital-solution_contact-tracing-app-could-be-launched-in-switzerland-within-weeks/45706296|access-date=2020-04-23|website=SWI swissinfo.ch|language=en}}</ref> Estonia,<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-24|title=How do you trace Covid-19 while respecting privacy?|url=https://e-estonia.com/trace-covid-19-while-respecting-privacy/|access-date=2020-05-14|website=e-Estonia|language=en}}</ref> Latvia,<ref name="Criddle">{{Cite news|last1=Criddle|first1=Cristina|last2=Kelion|first2=Leo|date=2020-05-07|title=World split between two types of virus-tracing app|language=en|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52355028|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref> {{wipe|Canada}},<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 May 2020|title=Montreal AI lab develops 'privacy-first' contact tracing app to track COVID-19 cases|work=CBC|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/spark/montreal-ai-lab-develops-privacy-first-contact-tracing-app-to-track-covid-19-cases-1.5552857}}</ref> Italy,<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-07|title=Coronavirus contact-tracing: World split between two types of app|language=en|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52355028|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Cazzullo|first=Aldo|date=2020-04-29|title=Colao: "Un'apertura a ondate per testare il sistema. L'app entro maggio oppure servirà a poco"|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/20_aprile_29/coronavirus-colao-un-apertura-ondate-testare-sistema-l-app-entro-maggio-oppure-servira-poco-731741c6-8993-11ea-8073-abbb9eae2ee6.shtml|access-date=2020-05-14|website=Corriere della Sera|language=it}}</ref> {{wipe|Germany}},<ref>{{cite web|title=Pressemitteilung des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit, des Bundesministeriums des Innern, für Bau und Heimat und des Bundeskanzleramts zum Projekt "Corona-App" der Bundesregierung|url=https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/aktuelles/pressemitteilung-des-bundesministeriums-fuer-gesundheit-des-bundesministeriums-des-innern-fuer-bau-und-heimat-und-des-bundeskanzleramts-zum-projekt-corona-app-der-bundesregierung-1747916|access-date=2020-05-14|website=Startseite|date=28 April 2020 |language=de}}</ref> {{wipe|Finland}},<ref name="Criddle"/> the Netherlands,<ref>{{cite web|date=2020|title=Tweede Kamer, vergaderjaar 2019–2020, 25 295, nr. 315|url=https://www.tweedekamer.nl/downloads/document?id=fdce19d7-5d74-4970-b93b-09ebc6913e01&title=COVID-19%20Update%20stand%20van%20zaken.docx|website=Tweedekamer (House of Representatives of the Netherlands)}}</ref> Ireland<ref>{{cite web|date=30 April 2020|title=Dáil Statement and Briefing for Minister Harris National app for Covid-19 30th April 2020|url=https://assets.gov.ie/73783/abfa8656b38f4a0ea9fab9c74d569ab8.pdf}}</ref> and {{wipe|Denmark}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Efter kritik sadler regeringen om: Ny corona-app skifter til Apple og Googles teknologi|url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/penge/efter-kritik-sadler-regeringen-om-ny-corona-app-skifter-til-apple-og-googles-teknologi|access-date=2020-05-14|website=DR|date=14 May 2020|language=da}}</ref>

In the United States, as of 10 June 2020, three states, Alabama, South Carolina, and North Dakota, have committed to using the Google-Apple Exposure Notification API. In May 2020, the U.S. state of Arizona began testing the Covid Watch app developed with the Apple/Google protocol.<ref name="reopening">{{cite news |last1=Haggin |first1=Rolfe Winkler and Patience |title=America Is Reopening. Coronavirus Tracing Apps Aren't Ready. |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/america-is-reopening-coronavirus-tracking-apps-arent-ready-11592845646 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=22 June 2020}}</ref> In August 2020, the app launched publicly for a phased roll-out in the state of Arizona.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-18|title=UArizona and Covid Watch Launch COVID-19 Exposure Notification App|url=https://news.arizona.edu/story/uarizona-and-covid-watch-launch-covid-19-exposure-notification-app|access-date=2020-08-20|website=University of Arizona News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid Watch Arizona|url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/covid-watch-arizona/id1521655110|access-date=2020-08-20|website=App Store|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid Watch Arizona - Apps on Google Play|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=gov.azdhs.covidwatch.android&hl=en_US|access-date=2020-08-20|website=play.google.com|language=en}}</ref> At least nineteen states have not yet decided, and at least seventeen other states stated there were no plans to use smartphone-based contact tracing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Apple and Google's ambitious COVID-19 contact-tracing tech can help contain the pandemic if used widely. But so far only 3 states have agreed — and none has started to use it. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-google-coronavirus-contact-tracing-tech-states-dont-plan-using-2020-6 |access-date=25 June 2020 |work=Business Insider |date=10 June 2020}}</ref>

=== Geofencing ===
{{wipe|Russia}} introduced a geofencing app, Social Monitoring, for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 living in Moscow, designed to ensure they do not leave home.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kelion|first=Leo|date=2020-04-01|title=Moscow coronavirus app raises privacy concerns|language=en|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52121264|access-date=2020-04-01}}</ref>

== List of apps by country ==
{{Main|Software:List of COVID-19 apps}}

''Note:'' This table should list only apps that are either supported by citations from third-party reliable sources or are from or supported by independently notable organizations such as national governments, industrial collaborations, major universities, NGOs, or one of the framework collaborations listed above. ''MIT Technology Review'' also maintained a Google spreadsheet listing of contact tracing and exposure notification apps that are being used around the world.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-05-07|title=Google spreadsheet listing Covid Tracing Tracker|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ATalASO8KtZMx__zJREoOvFh0nmB-sAqJ1-CjVRSCOw/edit#gid=0|website=Google Docs|access-date=2020-12-16|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-05-07|title=A flood of coronavirus apps are tracking us. Now it's time to keep track of them|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/05/07/1000961/launching-mittr-covid-tracing-tracker/|website=MIT Technology Review|access-date=2020-12-16|language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !!Name !! Functionality !! Platform  !! Author/supporter !! Status !! Licence
!Protocol!! Homepage !! Downloads !! Ref
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Afghanistan}}
|ASAN
|information,
tracking
|Web
|Ministry of Public Health,
Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Technology
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|| <!-- Country  -->{{flag|Angola}}
| <!-- Name     --> COVID-19 AO
| <!-- Function --> self diagnostic, information and quarantine enforcement
| <!-- Platform --> Web
| <!-- Author   --> Ravelino de Castro
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage --> https://covid19ao.com/
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/saude/2020/3/15/COVID-Student-creates-self-diagnosis-application,1f601718-0b2d-418a-ad86-390dc1b04cf6.html|title=COVID-19: Student creates self-diagnosis application|date=2020-04-08|website=Angop|language=en|access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/angolano-lan%C3%A7a-aplica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-para-alertar-sobre-sintomas-da-covid-19/5380654.html|title=Angolano lança aplicação para alertar sobre sintomas da Covid-19|date=2020-04-20|website=VOA Português|language=pt|access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://platinaline.com/estudante-ciencias-da-computacao-cria-aplicativo-autodiagnostico-da-covid-19/|title=Estudante de Ciências da Computação cria aplicativo de autodiagnóstico da covid-19|date=2020-04-09|website=PlatinaLine|language=pt|access-date=2020-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505080755/http://platinaline.com/estudante-ciencias-da-computacao-cria-aplicativo-autodiagnostico-da-covid-19/|archive-date=5 May 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.menosfios.com/covid-19-lancado-aplicativo-que-permite-fazer-auto-diagnostico-em-angola/|title=COVID-19: Lançado aplicativo que permite fazer auto-diagnóstico em Angola|date=2020-04-11|website=Menos Fios|language=pt|access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Argentina}}
|CUIDAR
|tracing
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Health of the Argentine Republic
|in use
|
|QR code
|https://www.argentina.gob.ar/aplicaciones/coronavirus {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926041504/https://www.argentina.gob.ar/aplicaciones/coronavirus |date=2021-09-26  }}
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Armenia}}
|ArMed eHealth
|contact tracing
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
|SYLEX SA National Centralized eHealth System of Armenia
|in use
|
|
|https://www.gov.am/en/covid-travel-restrictions/
|
|
|-
|COVID-19 Armenia
|information
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
|Office of the Prime Minister of Armenia
|in use
|
|
|https://apps.apple.com/am/app/covid-19-armenia/id1505830061
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | <!-- Country  -->{{flag|Australia}}
| <!-- Name     --> [[Software:Coronavirus Australia|Coronavirus Australia]]
| <!-- Function --> information, isolation registration
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android (discontinued)
| <!-- Author   --> Delv Pty Ltd / Australian Department of Health
| <!-- Status   --> Discontinued as of 26 August 2022<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Australia app|url=https://www.health.gov.au/resources/apps-and-tools/coronavirus-australia-app|date=26 August 2022|website=Health.gov.au|access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref>
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary, source code released
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage --> [https://www.health.gov.au/resources/apps-and-tools/coronavirus-australia-app health.gov.au]
| <!-- Downloads --> 27/04, 1.89 million; 26/04: 1 million
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-29/federal-government-launches-coronavirus-australia-app/12100680|title=Government launches Coronavirus Australia app, WhatsApp feature|date=2020-03-29|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-52433340|title=Million Australians download virus tracing app|work=BBC News|date=26 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->[[Software:COVIDSafe|COVIDSafe]]
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android (discontinued)
| <!-- Author   --> Australian Department of Health
| <!-- Status   --> Discontinued as of 16 August 2022<ref name="COVIDSafe1" /><ref name="COVIDSafe2" /><ref>{{cite web|title=COVIDSafe app|url=https://www.health.gov.au/resources/apps-and-tools/covidsafe-app|date=10 November 2022|website=Health.gov.au|access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref>
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary, source code released
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Software:BlueTrace|BlueTrace]]
| <!-- Homepage -->[https://www.covidsafe.gov.au/ covidsafe.gov.au]
| <!-- Downloads -->07/05, 4 million
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itnews.com.au/news/govt-to-release-source-code-of-forthcoming-covid-trace-app-546884|title=Govt to release source code of forthcoming 'COVID trace' app|website=iTnews|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-04-17/5-questions-the-governments-coronavirus-contact-tracing-app/12151264|title=Five questions we need answered about the government's coronavirus contact tracing app|last=Bogle|first=Ariel|date=2020-04-17|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itnews.com.au/news/health-minister-now-unsure-if-source-code-for-covid-contact-tracing-app-is-safe-to-release-546981|title=Health minister now unsure if source code for COVID contact tracing app is safe to release|website=iTnews|access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=As the day unfolded: Australians download COVIDSafe app more than 4.5 million times, global COVID-19 cases climb past 3.5 million as nation's death toll stands at 96|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/coronavirus-updates-live-global-covid-19-cases-surpass-3-4-million-western-sydney-nursing-home-under-investigation-as-australia-s-death-toll-stands-at-95-20200503-p54pg9.html|last=Bourke|first=Sarah |author2=Keoghan, Mary |author3=Ward, Latika|date=2020-05-04|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Austria}}
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing, medical reporting
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
| Federal Ministry of Health,
Austrian Federal Government
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:Apache License 2.0|Apache License 2.0]]
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
|https://www.austria.info/en/service-and-facts/coronavirus-information/app
| <!-- Downloads -->
|<ref name="weiterentwicklung1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2020/04/02/covid-19-thousands-download-coronavirus-tracking-app-in-austria|title=Covid-19: Thousands download coronavirus tracking app in Austria {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref><!-- Ref      -->
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|e-Tabib
|information
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Communications and High Technologies,
Administration of the Regional Medical Divisions
|in use
|
|Bluetooth
|https://etabib.az/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112195909/https://etabib.az/ |date=2022-01-12  }}
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Bahrain}}
|BeAware Bahrain
|<!-- Function -->contact tracing
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
|Information and eGovernment Authority
|in use
|
|
|https://healthalert.gov.bh/en/category/beaware-bahrain-app
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|Corona Tracer BD
|contact tracing
|Android
|Directorate General of Health Services & ICT Division
|in use
|
|Bluetooth
|https://macademy.gov.bd/2020/11/25/govt-urges-to-use-corona-tracer-bd-app-to-curb-virus-spread/
|
|
|-
|Surokkha
|Vaccination,
Contact Tracing
|Android
|DGHS
|in use
|
|
|https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.codersbucket.surokkha_app&hl=en&gl=US
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Bhutan}}
|Druk Trace
|contact tracing
|iOS, Android
|Ministry Of Health
|in use
|
|QR code
|https://www.moh.gov.bt/contact-tracing-app/

[https://apps.apple.com/us/app/druk-trace/id1508351048 Apple]          [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=bt.gov.moh.druktrace&hl=en&gl=US Android]
|
|
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Belgium}}
| <!-- Name     --> Coronalert
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing, medical reporting
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Belgian government, [[Organization:Sciensano|Sciensano]]
| <!-- Status   -->in use
| <!-- Licence  -->GPL3
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing|DP-3T]] / [[Software:Exposure Notification|ENS]]
| <!-- Homepage --> [https://coronalert.be coronalert.be]
| <!-- Downloads --> 30/10: 1.7m
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=CoronAlert bundelt lokale en regionale coronamaatregelen|date=7 July 2020 |url=https://openstate.eu/nl/2020/07/coronalert-zet-lokale-en-regionale-coronamaatregelen-op-een-rij/|access-date=2020-09-30|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FAQ - Does Coronalert also work abroad?|url=https://coronalert.be/en/faq/#faq-17|access-date=2020-09-30|website=Coronalert|language=en}}</ref><!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |title=@CoronalertBe on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/CoronalertBe/status/1322076520077287424 |access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Bolivia}}
|Unidos Contra el Covid
|contact tracing
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Education
|in use
|
|
|https://www.minedu.gob.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4534:descarga-la-app-coronavirus-bolivia-covid19&catid=182&Itemid=854
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Brazil}}
|Coronavírus - SUS
|contact tracing
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Health
|in use
|
|
|https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/vacinacao/
|
|
|-
|<!-- Name     -->VirusMapBR (formerly The Spread Project)
|<!-- Function -->contact tracing, medical reporting
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
|<!-- Author   -->Manoel Lemos
|<!-- Status   -->APK file released, code released
|<!-- Licence  -->BSD-3
|<!-- Protocol -->
|<!-- Homepage -->https://github.com/mlemos/virusmapbr
|<!-- Downloads -->
|<!-- Ref      -->
|-
|<!-- Name     -->Tô de Olho
|Contact tracing, Individual and regional risk assessment, Selective infectious testing, Isolation levels monitoring
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
|<!-- Author   -->MPRN/IMD
|<!-- Status   -->in use
|<!-- Licence  -->Proprietary
|<!-- Protocol -->
|<!-- Homepage -->https://todeolho.mprn.mp.br/
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Brunei}}
|BruHealth
|contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|MOH & HMS Brunei
|in use
|
|Bluetooth & GPS
|http://www.moh.gov.bn/SitePages/bruhealth.aspx
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|ViruSafe
|contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Health
|in use
|
|
|https://virusafe.info/

AppStore          [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=bg.government.virusafe PlayStore]
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Cambodia}}
|Khmer Vacc
|Vaccination,
Medical Response
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry Of Health
|in use
|
|
|https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50820744/health-ministry-launched-mobile-app-for-c-19-vaccination-management/
https://cambodia-vaccine.gov.kh/login
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | <!-- Country  -->{{flag|Canada}}
| <!-- Name     -->COVID Alert
| <!-- Function -->contact tracing
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->[[Company:Shopify|Shopify]], [[Company:BlackBerry Limited|Blackberry]], Canadian Government
| <!-- Status   -->in use
| <!-- Licence  -->[[Software:Apache License 2.0|Apache License 2.0]]
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage -->http://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/covid-alert.html
|<!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://betakit.com/group-of-shopify-volunteers-create-free-covid-19-contact-tracing-app/|title= Group of Shopify volunteers create free COVID-19 contact tracing app |website=betakit.com|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawasun.com/news/local-news/oph-contact-tracing-tech-on-hold-while-province-and-feds-develop-their-own/wcm/85a48d0f-1c08-4279-a072-64e60479f33e|title=TRACKING THE VIRUS: OPH contact tracing tech on hold while province and feds develop their own|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-23|title=Here's a first look at the government's 'COVID Alert' exposure notification app|url=https://mobilesyrup.com/2020/07/23/heres-a-first-look-at-the-governments-covid-alert-contact-tracing-app/|access-date=2020-07-27|website=MobileSyrup|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 June 2020|title=Prime Minister announces new mobile app to help notify Canadians of COVID-19 exposure|url=https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2020/06/18/prime-minister-announces-new-mobile-app-help-notify-canadians-covid|access-date=27 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
|ABTraceTogether
|contact tracing
|iOS, Android
|Alberta Government
|in use
|
|
| https://www.alberta.ca/ab-trace-together.aspx
|
|
|-
|TeamSense
|Covid screening app for employees pre-shift symptom screening, reporting and compliance dashboard
|Web
|TeamSense
|In Use
|Proprietary
|
|https://www.teamsense.com
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Chile}}
|CoronApp - Chile
|information
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Housing and Urbanism of Chile
|in use
|
|
|https://www.minvu.gob.cl/coronapp/
|
|
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|China}}
| <!-- Name     --> "Health Code"
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> integrated into [[Company:Alipay|Alipay]] and [[Software:WeChat|WeChat]] apps
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenextweb.com/china/2020/03/03/chinas-covid-19-app-reportedly-color-codes-people-and-shares-data-with-cops/|title=China's coronavirus detection app is reportedly sharing citizen data with police|last=Mehta|first=Ivan|date=2020-03-03|website=The Next Web|language=en|access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref><ref name="Mozur Zhong & Krolik 2020"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Davidson |first1=Helen |title=China's coronavirus health code apps raise concerns over privacy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/01/chinas-coronavirus-health-code-apps-raise-concerns-over-privacy |work=The Guardian |date=1 April 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Colombia}}
|CoronApp - Colombia
|information
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|National Institute of Health (INS)
|in use
|
|
|https://coronaviruscolombia.gov.co/Covid19/aislamiento-saludable/coronapp.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022233657/https://coronaviruscolombia.gov.co/Covid19/aislamiento-saludable/coronapp.html |date=2021-10-22  }}
|
|
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Czech Republic}}
| <!-- Name     --> eRouška
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Czech Ministry of Health and Hygiene
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:MIT License|MIT License]]
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> [https://erouska.cz/ erouska.cz]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://erouska.cz/ |title=eRouška - Chráním sebe, chráním tebe |publisher=Erouska.cz |access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref><ref name="czechcrunch1"/><ref name="eRouska_iOS_licence">{{cite web | title= erouska-ios/LICENSE | website= [[GitHub]] |date =2020-03-26 | url = https://github.com/covid19cz/erouska-ios/blob/master/LICENSE | access-date = 2020-04-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200415013711/https://github.com/covid19cz/erouska-ios/blob/master/LICENSE |archive-date= 2020-04-15 |url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped --> |url-access = <!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref><ref name="eRouska_android_licence">{{cite web | title= erouska-android/LICENSE | website= [[GitHub]] |date =2020-03-26 | url = https://github.com/covid19cz/erouska-android/blob/develop/LICENSE | access-date = 2020-04-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200415013856/https://github.com/covid19cz/erouska-android/blob/develop/LICENSE |archive-date= 2020-04-15 |url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped --> |url-access = <!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Cyprus}}
|CovTracer
|contact tracing and warning
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Health,
Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digital
|in use
|
|Bluetooth
|https://covtracer.dmrid.gov.cy/dmrid/covtracer/covtracer.nsf/covtracer04_en/covtracer04_en?OpenDocument
|
|
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Denmark}}
| <!-- Name     --><nowiki>smitte|stop</nowiki>
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Ministry of Health (Denmark)
| <!-- Status   --> in use
|<!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> [https://smittestop.dk/ smittestop.dk]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      -->
|-
| rowspan="2" |<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Ecuador}}
| <!-- Name     --> ASI
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society (Ecuador)
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:Mozilla Public License|MPL 2.0]]
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> [https://asiecuador.com/ asiecuador.com]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://minka.gob.ec/asi-ecuador|website=minka.gob.ec|title=ASI Ecuador Source Code|language=es|access-date=2020-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/tecnologia/asi-ecuador-aplicacion-rastrear-covid/|website=www.primicias.ec|title=ASÍ Ecuador, la aplicación para rastrear casos de Covid-19 en el país|language=es|access-date=2020-10-04}}</ref>
|-
|CovidEC
|information
|Android
|Ministry of Telecommunications and the Information Society
|in use
|
|
|https://www.gobiernoelectronico.gob.ec/como-instalar-app-covidec/
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Egypt}}
|Egypt Health Passport app
|information
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Minister of Health and Population
|announced on 31 July
|
|QR code
|https://egyptindependent.com/health-ministry-to-launch-health-passport-for-travel/
|
|
|-
|Sehet Misr
|<!-- Function -->contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Minister of Health and Population
|in use
|
|GPS
|https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/367263/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-health-ministry-launches-coronavirus-mobile.aspx
|
|
|-
| <!-- Country  -->{{flag|Fiji}}
| <!-- Name     --> [[Software:CareFIJI|careFIJI]]
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Government of Fiji
| <!-- Status   -->in use
| <!-- Licence  --> Open Source
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:BlueTrace|BlueTrace]]
| <!-- Homepage -->[https://carefiji.digitalfiji.gov.fj/ carefiji.digitalfiji.gov.fj]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fijivillage|title=careFIJI COVID-19 tracing app now available to download|url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/careFIJI-COVID-19-tracing-app-now-available-to-download-5f4xr8/|access-date=2021-01-29|website=www.fijivillage.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CARE Fiji app critical to containing any future spread of COVID-19|url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/care-fiji-app-critical-to-containing-any-future-spread-of-covid-19/|access-date=2021-01-29|website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  -->{{flag|Finland}}
| <!-- Name     --> [[Software:Koronavilkku|Koronavilkku]]
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, [[Organization:Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare|THL]], Solita, Kela, SoteDigi
| <!-- Status   --> Released on 31 August 2020
| <!-- Licence  --> European Union Public License 1.2
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> [https://koronavilkku.fi/ koronavilkku.fi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831095216/https://koronavilkku.fi/ |date=2020-08-31  }}
| <!-- Downloads --> 05/11: 2.5M, representing 45% of population
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/coronavirus-app-has-been-named-koronavilkku-trials-to-continue-until-the-end-of-this-week|title=Coronavirus app has been named Koronavilkku - trials to continue until the end of this week|language=en|access-date=2020-08-12|publisher=THL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/THLfi/koronavilkku-backend|title=Koronavilkku at Github|language=en|access-date=2020-08-31|publisher=THL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/koronavilkku-has-been-downloaded-more-than-2.5-million-times-widespread-use-increases-the-app-s-effectiveness|title=Koronavilkku has been downloaded more than 2.5 million times – widespread use increases the app's effectiveness|language=en|access-date=2020-11-17|publisher=THL}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | <!-- Country  -->{{flag|France}}
| <!-- Name     --> TousAntiCovid (formerly "StopCovid")
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Government of France / INRIA, ANNSI, Cap Gemini, Dassault Systèmes, INSERM, Lunabee studio, [[Company:Orange S.A.|Orange]], Santé publique France, [[Company:Withings|Withings]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inria.fr/fr/lequipe-projet-stopcovid-et-lecosysteme-des-contributeurs-se-mobilisent-pour-developper-une |title=L'équipe-projet StopCovid et l'écosystème des contributeurs se mobilisent pour développer une application mobile de contact tracing pour la France &#124; Inria |date=26 April 2020 |language=fr |publisher=Inria.fr |access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref> Coalition Network<ref>{{cite web|title=The StopCovid project-team and its ecosystem of contributors are working together to develop a mobile contact tracing app for France.|url=https://www.inria.fr/sites/default/files/2020-04/Press%20release%20STOPCOVID_1.pdf|date=2020-04-26}}</ref>
| <!-- Status   --> in use since 2 June 2020
| <!-- Licence  --> MPL-2.0 and ad hoc
| <!-- Protocol --> ROBERT
| <!-- Homepage --> {{URL|https://gitlab.inria.fr/stopcovid19}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2020/04/08/stopcovid-l-application-sur-laquelle-travaille-le-gouvernement-pour-contrer-l-epidemie_6035927_3244.html|title=" L'application StopCovid retracera l'historique des relations sociales " : les pistes du gouvernement pour le traçage numérique des malades|date=2020-04-08|work=Le Monde.fr|access-date=2020-04-14|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2020/04/08/france-is-officially-working-on-stop-covid-contact-tracing-app/|title=France is officially working on 'Stop Covid' contact-tracing app|website=TechCrunch|date=8 April 2020|language=en|access-date=2020-04-14|archive-date=2022-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213175416/https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/08/france-is-officially-working-on-stop-covid-contact-tracing-app/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> ROBERT (ROBust and privacy-presERving proximity Tracing protocol)
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!-- Platform --> ''unknown''
| <!-- Author   --> INRIA
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->PEPP-PT
| <!-- Homepage --> {{URL|https://github.com/ROBERT-proximity-tracing}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      -->,{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}
|-
| <!-- Name     --> CheckYourMask
| <!-- Function --> Checking the correct mask wearing by selfie
| <!-- Platform --> Android
| <!-- Author   --> Université de Haute-Alsace, Normandie Univ., Lille Univ.
| <!-- Status   --> Concept
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      -->,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hammoudi |first1=Karim |last2=Cabani |first2=Adnane |last3=Benhabiles |first3=Halim |last4=Melkemi |first4=Mahmoud |title=Validating the Correct Wearing of Protection Mask by Taking a Selfie: Design of a Mobile Application 'CheckYourMask' to Limit the Spread of COVID-19 |journal=Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences |date=2020 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1049–1059 |doi=10.32604/cmes.2020.011663 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Georgia}}
| <!-- Name     --> Stop Covid
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author --> Novid20 / Georgian Ministry of Health
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  --> [[GPL]]
| <!-- Protocol --> PEPP-PT
| <!-- Homepage --> {{URL|https://novid20.org}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |url=https://stopcov.ge/en/News/Article/Innovative_STOP_COVID_App_Created_at_Healthcare_Ministry%27s_Initiative |title=Ministry of Health |publisher=Georgia |access-date=2020-05-12 |archive-date=2020-05-23  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523162817/https://stopcov.ge/en/News/Article/Innovative_STOP_COVID_App_Created_at_Healthcare_Ministry%27s_Initiative |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://novid20.org |title=Novid20 Association|publisher=Novid20 |access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref><ref name="novid20_github">{{cite web | title= Novid20-Github | website= [[GitHub]] |date = 2020-04-12 | url = https://github.com/novid20org | access-date = 2020-05-12}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | <!-- Country  -->{{flag|Germany}}
| <!-- Name     -->Ito
| <!-- Function -->contact tracing
| <!-- Platform -->Android
| <!-- Author   -->[https://www.ito-app.org/about/#cooperation Partners] like TUM
| <!-- Status   --> APK file released
| <!-- Licence  --> GPL3
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:TCN Protocol|<!-- Protocol -->TCN]]
| <!-- Homepage -->{{URL|https://www.ito-app.org}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref name="Ito-App">{{cite web|url=https://www.ito-app.org|title=Track infections not people|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->OHIOH Research
| <!-- Function -->contact tracing, scientific research
| <!-- Platform --> Browser compatible devices
| <!-- Author   -->[https://ohioh.de/ OHIOH] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416112051/https://ohioh.de/ |date=2020-04-16  }} at FH Kiel
| <!-- Status   --> progressive web app
| <!-- Licence  --> OHIOH Copyright@ Tjark Ziehm
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:TCN Protocol|<!-- Protocol -->TCN]]
| <!-- Homepage -->{{URL|https://ohioh.de}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref name="OHIOH-APP">{{cite web|url=https://www.ohioh.de/|title=Our Health In Our Hands|access-date=2020-05-08|archive-date=2020-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423123802/https://ohioh.de/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="OHIOH @ FH Kiel">{{cite web|url=https://www.fh-kiel.de/index.php?id=20530&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=15218&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=a4e1982567d6ded46aac01ec9bbdba0b|title="Our Health in Our Hands": FH-Student arbeitet an Corona-App mit|access-date=2020-04-22|archive-date=2020-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523162615/https://www.fh-kiel.de/index.php?id=20530&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=15218&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=a4e1982567d6ded46aac01ec9bbdba0b|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="OHIOH LAB & FH Kiel">{{cite web|url=https://www.fh-kiel.de/index.php?id=96&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=15279&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=2af88910ae4e2f16b6326b6cf43d2c32|title=Our Health In Our Hands|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->Corona-Warn-App
| <!-- Function -->contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Robert Koch Institute
| <!-- Status   --> published
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:Apache License|Apache License]]
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> https://coronawarn.app/
| <!-- Downloads -->17/06: 6.5m, 18/06: 8m, 20/06: 10.6m, 25/06: 13.0m, 02/07: 14.4m
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |title=The Corona-Warn-App Helps us in the fight against corona |url=https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/corona-warn-app/corona-warn-app-englisch/helps-us-in-the-fight-against-corona-1759110 |website=The Federal Government of German Federal Republic / Bundesregierung |date=14 June 2020 |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Gibraltar}}
| <!-- Name     --> BEAT Covid Gibraltar
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Health Service Executive (HSE) / NearForm
| <!-- Status   --> in use<br /> (2020-06-18)
| <!-- Licence  -->[[Software:MIT License|MIT License]]
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> {{URL|https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/beatcovidapp}}
| <!-- Downloads--> 13/07: 9,000, 08/08: 15,000
| <!-- Ref      --><ref name="beatcovid"/>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Greece}}
| <!-- Name     -->DOCANDU Covid Checker
| <!-- Function -->self diagnostic, information and 24/7 online doctor
| <!-- Platform -->Android, Web-based / Web-site Widget
| <!-- Author   -->DOCANDU, Region of Attica (Greece), Athens Medical Association (Greece)
| <!-- Status   --> in use (2020-03-26)
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->https://www.docandu.com/en
| <!-- Downloads --> 27/04, 18,000 users
| <!-- Ref      --><ref name="docandu">{{cite web|url=https://docandu.com|title=Docandu Covid Checker|access-date=2020-04-24}}</ref><ref name="Athens Medical Association & Docandu against COVID">{{cite web|url=https://www.isathens.gr/syndikal/9021-docandu-isa-efarmogi.html|title=Μια ακόμα καινοτόμα υπηρεσία που αξιολογεί τις πιθανότητες μόλυνσης από τον κορωνοϊό, θέτει στη διάθεση των πολιτών η Περιφέρεια Αττικής και ο Ιατρικός Σύλλογος Αθηνών|date=29 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-24}}</ref><ref name="12.000 πολίτες μπήκαν στην πλατφόρμα αυτοελέγχου για τον κορωνοϊό της DOCANDU που έθεσε στη διάθεση των πολιτών η Περιφέρεια Αττικής και ο ΙΣΑ">{{cite web|url=https://www.patt.gov.gr/site/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34951:12-000-polites-bikan-stin-platforma-aftoelegxou-gia-ton-koronoio-tis-docandu-pou-ethese-sti-diathesi-ton-politon-i-perifereia-attikis-kai-o-isa&catid=3:2008-09-06-21-42-59&Itemid=709|title=12.000 πολίτες μπήκαν στην πλατφόρμα αυτοελέγχου για τον κορωνοϊό της DOCANDU που έθεσε στη διάθεση των πολιτών η Περιφέρεια Αττικής και ο ΙΣΑ|date=9 April 2020|access-date=2020-04-24}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Ghana}}
| <!-- Name     --> GH COVID-19 Tracker App
| <!-- Function -->
| <!-- Platform --> Android, iOS: ''awaiting app store approvals''
| <!-- Author   --> Ministry of Communication and Technology, Ministry of Health
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref name="BBC News Pidgin"/><ref name="ghanaweb.com"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" | <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Hong Kong}}
| <!-- Name     --> StayHomeSafe
| <!-- Function --> quarantine enforcement
| <!-- Platform --> Unknown
| <!-- Author   --> The Government Of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.coronavirus.gov.hk/eng/stay-home-safe.html |title=StayHomeSafe Mobile App User Guide |website=Hong Kong Government Coronavirus Site |access-date=2020-04-16 |archive-date=2020-04-21  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421215324/https://www.coronavirus.gov.hk/eng/stay-home-safe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> [[Software:LeaveHomeSafe|LeaveHomeSafe]]
| <!-- Function -->contact tracking
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> The Office of the Government Chief Information Officer
| <!-- Status   -->in-use
| <!-- Licence  -->Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol --> QR-Code, Self-developed
| <!-- Homepage -->https://www.leavehomesafe.gov.hk/en/
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3121949/coronavirus-can-hong-kong-law-enforcers-access |title=Coronavirus: can Hong Kong law enforcers access data on city's official Covid-19 contact-tracing app? |publisher=South China Morning Post |first1=Natalie |last1=Wong |first2=Christy |last2=Leung |date=17 February 2021 |access-date=18 February 2021 }}</ref><ref name="info.gov.hk-2020-11-11">{{cite web |url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202011/11/P2020111100367.htm |title=Launch of "LeaveHomeSafe" COVID-19 exposure notification mobile app (with photos) |publisher=The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Press Releases |date=11 November 2020 |access-date=18 February 2021 }}</ref>
|-

| rowspan="2" |<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Hungary}}
| <!-- Name     --> VírusRadar
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Ministry of Innovation and Technology and NextSense
| <!-- Status   --> in use (2020-05-13-)
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage --> https://virusradar.hu
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      -->
|-
|EESZT Covid Control
|information
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|National Hospital Directorate General
|in use
|
|QR code
|https://e-egeszsegugy.gov.hu/
[https://apps.apple.com/pl/app/eeszt-covid-control/id1545742300 AppStore]           [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=hu.gov.eeszt.mgw.covidpassportcontrol&hl=en_US&gl=US PlayStore]
|
|
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Iceland}}
| <!-- Name     --> Rakning C-19
| <!-- Function --> route tracking
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Iceland's Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management and Directorate of Health
| <!-- Status   --> in use (2020-04-01)
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:MIT License|MIT License]]
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Engineering:GPS|GPS]]
| <!-- Homepage --> https://www.covid.is/app/en {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427194920/https://www.covid.is/app/en |date=2020-04-27  }}
| <!-- Downloads --> 26/04, 50%
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icelandreview.com/sci-tech/icelanders-can-download-app-to-help-with-coronavirus-contact-tracing/ |title=Icelanders Can Download App to Help With Coronavirus Contact Tracing |website=icelandreview.com |date=2 April 2020 |access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.technadu.com/iceland-open-sourced-its-coronavirus-tracking-app/98503/ |title=Iceland Has Open-Sourced Its Coronavirus Tracking App
 |website=technadu.com |access-date=2020-04-25|date=2020-04-10}}</ref>
|-
|  rowspan="11" | <!-- Country  --> {{flag|India}}
|<!-- Name     -->[[Software:Aarogya Setu|Aarogya Setu]]([[Social:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]: ''the bridge to health)''
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Union Government of India / National Informatics Centre
| <!-- In use   -->

([https://github.com/nic-delhi/AarogyaSetu_Android Android version] open-sourced)
| <!-- Licence  --> Apache License
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->[https://www.mygov.in/aarogya-setu-app/ mygov.in/aarogya-setu-app]
| <!-- Downloads --> 50million +
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/aarogya-setu-covid-19-tracker-app-coronavirus-launch-indian-government-android-ios-2204804 |title=Government Launches Aarogya Setu COVID-19 Tracker App on Android, iOS |website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=2 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> COVA Punjab
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Government of Punjab
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="gadgets.ndtv.com"/>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> COVID-19 Feedback
| <!-- Function --> feedback
| <!-- Platform --> Android
| <!-- Author   --> Union Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology / Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="gadgets.ndtv.com"/>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> COVID-19 Quarantine Monitor
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing, geofencing
| <!-- Platform --> TBA
| <!-- Author   --> Government of Tamil Nadu / Pixxon AI Solutions
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="gadgets.ndtv.com"/>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> Corona Kavach
| <!-- Function --> information
| <!-- Platform --> Android (discontinued)
| <!-- Author   --> Union Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology / Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="gadgets.ndtv.com">{{cite web |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/features/central-state-governments-launch-coronavirus-mobile-app-list-2204286 |title=Government Launches Coronavirus-Tracker Apps: The List So Far |website=NDTV Gadgets 360 |date=April 2020 |language=en |access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/technology/govt-discontinues-corona-kavach-aarogya-setu-is-now-indias-go-to-covid-19-tracking-app/1919378/|title=Govt discontinues Corona Kavach, Aarogya Setu is now India's go-to COVID-19 tracking app|date=2020-04-05|website=The Financial Express|language=en|access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> GoK Direct
| <!-- Function --> information
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Government of Kerala / Qkopy (for Android), MuseON Communications (for iOS)
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="gadgets.ndtv.com"/><ref name="english.mathrubhumi.com">{{cite web |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/technology/tech-news/kerala-govt-launches-mobile-app-for-details-of-covid-19-1.4608234 |title=Kerala govt launches mobile app for details of COVID-19 |website=MathrubhumI English |language=en |access-date=2020-03-12 |archive-date=2020-04-06  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406185433/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/technology/tech-news/kerala-govt-launches-mobile-app-for-details-of-covid-19-1.4608234 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.investindia.gov.in/team-india-blogs/kerala-step-ahead-fighting-covid-19|title=Kerala step ahead in fighting COVID-19|website=www.investindia.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> Mahakavach
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!-- Platform --> Android
| <!-- Author   --> Government of Maharashtra
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="gadgets.ndtv.com"/>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> Quarantine Watch
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!-- Platform --> Android
| <!-- Author   --> Government of Karnataka
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="gadgets.ndtv.com"/>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> Test Yourself Goa
| <!-- Function --> self diagnostic
| <!-- Platform --> Android
| <!-- Author   --> Government of Goa / Innovaccer
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="gadgets.ndtv.com"/><ref name="fortuneindia.com-104294">{{cite web|url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/venture/goa-to-use-innovaccers-app-for-covid-19-screening/104294|title=Goa and Puducherry to use Innovaccer's app for Covid-19 screening|website=www.fortuneindia.com|date=3 March 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> Trackcovid-19.org
| <!-- Function --> self diagnostic, syndromic surveillance
| <!-- Platform --> Web
| <!-- Author   --> Trackcovid-19.org
| <!-- Status   --> In Use
| <!-- Licence  --> Open
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage --> https://www.trackcovid-19.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521221352/https://www.trackcovid-19.org/ |date=2020-05-21  }}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/doctors-team-up-to-build-a-covid-19-tracker-to-tackle-community-infection|title=Doctors team up to build a Covid-19 tracker to tackle community infection|website=Udayavani}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> Test Yourself Puducherry
| <!-- Function --> self diagnostic
| <!-- Platform --> Android
| <!-- Author   --> Government of Puducherry / Innovaccer
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="gadgets.ndtv.com"/><ref name="fortuneindia.com-104294"/>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Indonesia}}
| <!-- Name     -->[[Software:PeduliLindungi|PeduliLindungi]]
| <!-- Function -->contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Information Technology
| <!-- Status   --> in use (2020-06-16)
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->https://pedulilindungi.id/
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      -->
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Iran}}
|AC19
|contact tracing
|android
|Minister of Information and Communications Technology
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Ireland}}
|<!-- Name     -->[[Software:COVID Tracker Ireland|COVID Tracker Ireland]]
|<!-- Function -->contact tracing,<br />   health info, <br /> EU Digital Vaccination Certificate, <br /> EU Digital Recovery Certificate
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|<!-- Author   -->Health Service Executive (HSE) / NearForm
|<!-- Status   --> in use<br /> (2020-07-07)
|<!-- Licence  -->[[Software:MIT License|MIT License]]
|<!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
|<!-- Homepage -->https://covidtracker.gov.ie<br />    https://github.com/HSEIreland/covid-tracker-app
|<!-- Downloads --> 2,190,000+
|<!-- Ref      -->
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Israel}}
| <!-- Name     --> Hamagen ({{lang-he|המגן}} "the shield")
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Israeli Health Ministry
| <!-- Status   --> in use, open source
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:MIT License|MIT License]]
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage --> https://govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/hamagen-app/download-en/
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |title=The Ministry of Health launches "HaMagen" - an App to Prevent the Spread of Coronavirus |website=GOV.IL |language=en |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/22032020_04 |access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes_hamagen">{{cite web |title=How Israeli apps are helping check corona |date=1 April 2020 |website=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/software/how-israeli-apps-are-helping-check-corona/testing/slideshow/74925731.cms |access-date=2020-04-02 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/health-ministry-launches-phone-app-to-help-prevent-spread-of-coronavirus/|title=Health Ministry launches phone app to help prevent spread of coronavirus|last=Winer|first=Stuart|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grahamcluley.com/shield-israeli-coronavirus-app/|title=The Shield: the open source Israeli Government app which warns of Coronavirus exposure|date=2020-03-23|website=Graham Cluley|language=en|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | <!-- Country  -->{{flag|Italy}}
| <!-- Name     --> Covid Community Alert
| <!-- Function --> CovidApp for citizens (proximity tracing and exposure notification, optional GPS location sharing), CovidDoc for doctors (scan patient QR code, log patient health status), web dashboard for epidemiologists (set parameters that trigger notifications)
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android, web
| <!-- Author   --> Coronavirus Outbreak Control
| <!-- Status   --> Released
| <!-- Licence  --> Open source, unclear
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:TCN Protocol|TCN]]
| <!-- Homepage --> https://coronavirus-outbreak-control.github.io/web/
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus Outbreak Control |website=med-technews.com |date=14 April 2020 |language=en |url=https://www.med-technews.com/features/developing-an-app-to-help-covid-19-contagion-control/ |access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> diAry "Digital Arianna"
| <!-- Function --> GPS location tracing, exposure notification, awareness raising
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> [[Organization:University of Urbino|University of Urbino]] / DIGIT srl
| <!-- Status   --> Released, open beta
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:MIT License|MIT License]]
| <!-- Protocol --> GPS, own
| <!-- Homepage --> https://covid19app.uniurb.it/
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite arXiv |title=Digital Ariadne: Citizen Empowerment for Epidemic Control|date=16 April 2020 |language=en |eprint=2004.07717 |author1=Lorenz Cuno Klopfenstein |last2=Delpriori |first2=Saverio |author3=Gian Marco Di Francesco |last4=Maldini |first4=Riccardo |author5=Brendan Dominic Paolini |last6=Bogliolo |first6=Alessandro |class=cs.CY }}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->Immuni
| <!-- Function -->Exposure Notifications
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Bending Spoons / <!-- Operator   -->Ministry of Health (Italy) / Presidency of the Council of Ministers (Italy) / {{Interlanguage link|Dipartimento per la trasformazione digitale|lt=Ministry for Technological Innovation and Digitalization|it||WD=}}
| <!-- Status   --> Released
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:GNU Affero General Public License|GNU AGPLv3]]
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> https://www.immuni.italia.it/
| <!-- Downloads -->21/10: 9.229.190<ref>{{Cite web|title=Immuni - I numeri di Immuni|url=https://www.immuni.italia.it/dashboard.html|access-date=2020-10-23|website=www.immuni.italia.it|language=it}}</ref>
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |title=Contact tracing: Arcuri firma ordinanza per app italiana |website=salute.gov.it |language=it |url=http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/nuovocoronavirus/dettaglioNotizieNuovoCoronavirus.jsp?lingua=italiano&menu=notizie&p=dalministero&id=4513 |access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Contact tracing: Developers Italia - Immuni |website=developers.italia.it |language=en |url=https://developers.italia.it/en/software/pcm-immuni-app-immuni |access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Immuni - Domande Frequenti|url=http://www.immuni.italia.it/|access-date=2020-09-16|website=www.immuni.italia.it|language=it, en, de, fr, es}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> SM-COVID-19
| <!-- Function --> Contact Tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> SoftMining
| <!-- Status   --> Released
| <!-- Licence  --> Closed source, private specifications
| <!-- Protocol --> {{URL|https://www.smcovid19.org/recover|ReCoVer}}
| <!-- Homepage --> {{URL|https://smcovid19.org}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite news |website=repubblica.it |language=it |title=Coronavirus, le polemiche su Immuni lanciano la app concorrente: boom di download per Sm-Covid-19 |url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2020/04/21/news/coronavirus_le_polemiche_su_immuni_lanciano_la_app_concorrente_boom_di_download_per_sm-covid-19-254589755/ |access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}
|{{Nihongo|[[Software:COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application|COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application]]|新型コロナウイルス接触確認アプリ|Shingata Koronauirusu Sesshoku Kakunin Apuri}}
|Contact Tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|[https://lp-covid-19radarjapan.studio.design/ COVID-19 Radar Japan]<ref>{{Cite web|last=日経クロステック(xTECH)|title=政府の接触確認アプリ、厚労省がパーソルプロセス＆テクノロジーに発注|url=https://xtech.nikkei.com/atcl/nxt/news/18/08122/|access-date=2020-06-19|website=日経クロステック(xTECH)|date=16 June 2020 |language=ja}}</ref>
|Released
|Proprietary<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contact Confirmation Application Terms and Conditions of Use|url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/english_rk_00031.html|access-date=2020-06-19|website=www.mhlw.go.jp|language=ja}}</ref>
Core: MPL 2.0<ref>{{Citation|title=Covid-19Radar/Covid19Radar|date=2020-06-19|url=https://github.com/Covid-19Radar/Covid19Radar|publisher=Project Covid19Radar|access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref>
|<!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
|https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/cocoa_00138.html
| <!-- Downloads --> 25/08: 14,790,000
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |title=新型コロナウイルス接触確認アプリ(COCOA) COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application |language=ja|url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/cocoa_00138.html |access-date=2020-08-25}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Jersey}}
| <!-- Name     --> Jersey COVID Alert
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author --> Digital Jersey
| <!-- Status   --> Released
| <!-- Licence  --> Apache-2.0 License
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notification System]]
| <!-- Homepage -->{{URL|https://covidalert.gov.je}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jersey|first=States of|title=Government of Jersey|url=http://www.gov.je:80/Health/Coronavirus/CovidAlert/Pages/JerseyCOVIDAlertAppTermsofUse.aspx|access-date=2020-10-03|website=gov.je|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Jordan}}
| <!-- Name     --> AMAN ({{lang|ar|أمان}} "Safety")
| <!-- Function --> Exposure Detection
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Jordan's Ministry of Health
| <!-- Status   --> Released
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol --> GPS
|[https://www.amanapp.jo/en <!-- Homepage --><nowiki>https://www.amanapp.jo/en</nowiki>] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524013853/http://www.amanapp.jo/en |date=2020-05-24  }}
| <!-- Downloads --> 600,000
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |title=Jordan Health Ministry rolls out app alerting users to possible COVID-19 exposure|language=en|url=https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/life/story/Jordan_Health_Ministry_rolls_out_app_alerting_users_to_possible_COVID19_exposure-SNG_175020810/ |access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|Ashyq
|<!-- Function -->contact tracing
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android, Web
|Ministry of Health
|in use
|
|QR code
|https://egov.kz/cms/en/articles/prilozhenie-ashyq
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Kuwait}}
|Shlonik
|<!-- Function -->contact tracing
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
|'''Ministry of Health,'''
Central Agency of Information Technology
|in use
|
|Bluetooth
|https://www.moh.gov.kw/en/pages/MOHApp.aspx {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416014025/https://www.moh.gov.kw/en/pages/MOHApp.aspx |date=2021-04-16  }}

[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.healthcarekw.app&hl=en&gl=US Android]
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|STOP COVID-19
|<!-- Function -->contact tracing
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android
|State Committee for IT and Communications,
|in use
|
|
|<nowiki>https://t.me/COVID19_KyrgyzstanBot</nowiki>
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Laos}}
|LaoKYC
|contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Lao National Taskforce for COVID-19 Prevention and Control,
Ministry of Post and Telecommunications,

Ministry of Health,

Ministry of Technology and Communications
|Released
|
|QR code
|https://www.covid19.gov.la/index.php
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Latvia}}
| <!-- Name     -->Apturi Covid
| <!-- Function -->Exposure Detection
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Consortium of volunteers, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Latvia
| <!-- Status   -->Released
| <!-- Licence  -->Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
|<!-- Homepage -->[https://apturicovid.lv/#en apturicovid.lv]
|<!-- Downloads -->
|<!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/health/latvian-stop-covid-app-first-of-its-kind-in-the-world.a361746/|title=Latvian 'Stop Covid' app first of its kind in the world|website=lsm.lv|language=en|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Lebanon}}
|MOPH
|information
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Health
|in use
|
|
|https://www.moph.gov.lb/en/Pages/127/28140/download-the-official-moph-mobile-app-new-version-
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|CovidCheck.lu
|contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|The Luxembourg Government
|in use
|
|QR code
|https://covid19.public.lu/en/covidcheck/app.html
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Malaysia}}
| <!-- Name -->Gerak Malaysia
| <!-- Function -->Border control, contact tracing
| <!-- Platform -->Android, iOS, HarmonyOS
| <!-- Author -->RMP, MCMC
| <!-- Status -->Discontinued as of 31 July 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/536821|title=Gerak Malaysia app to be discontinued tomorrow|website=Malaysiakini|date=30 July 2020|language=en|access-date=2020-07-31}}</ref>
| <!-- Licence -->Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref --><ref name="MalaysMail1" /><ref name="MyTrace1">{{cite news
| last         = Ker
| first        = Nic
| date         = 2020-05-04
| title        = MyTrace: Does Malaysia's contact tracing app track your location?
| url          = https://www.soyacincau.com/2020/05/04/government-mytrace-app-contact-tracing-skg-malaysia-covid-19-khairy-jamaluddin/
| work         = SoyaCincau
| access-date  = 2020-05-08
}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name -->[[Software:MySejahtera|MySejahtera]]
| <!-- Function -->Contact tracing, self-quarantine, vaccination
| <!-- Platform -->Android, iOS, HarmonyOS
| <!-- Author -->Entomo (formerly KPISoft), MKN, MOH, MAMPU, MCMC, MOSTI
| <!-- Status -->In use
| <!-- Licence -->Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->QR code, Bluetooth
| <!-- Homepage -->{{URL|https://mysejahtera.moh.gov.my/en/}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref --><ref name="MalaysMail1" />
|-
| <!-- Name -->MyTrace
| <!-- Function -->Contact tracing
| <!-- Platform -->Android, iOS, HarmonyOS
| <!-- Author -->MOSTI
| <!-- Status -->Discontinued
| <!-- Licence -->Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Bluetooth]]
| <!-- Homepage -->{{URL|https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/content/30955}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref --><ref name="MalaysMail1" /><ref name="MyTrace1" />
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Maldives}}
|TraceEkee
|contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry Of Health
|in use
|
|Bluetooth
|https://trace.hpa.gov.mv/

[https://apps.apple.com/us/app/traceekee/id1509409459 Apple]          [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=mv.gov.mohiru&hl=en&gl=US Android]
|
|
|-
|{{flag|Malta}}
|COVID Alert Malta
|contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Federal Ministry of Health,
Austrian Federal Government
|in use
|
|Bluetooth
|https://covidalert.gov.mt/
|
|
|-
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|Safe Pass
|information
|web
|Monaco Government
|in use
|
|
|https://vaccination-covid19.gouv.mc/en/request-your-health-pass {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917154521/https://vaccination-covid19.gouv.mc/en/request-your-health-pass |date=2021-09-17  }}
|
|
|-
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|Ersdel
|<!-- Function -->Exposure Detection
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|State Emergency Committee, Communications and Information Technology Authority,
Ministry of Health
|in use
|
|<!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
|https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=gov.mn.enx&hl=en&gl=US
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Morocco}}
| <!-- Name     -->Wiqaytna ({{lang|ar|وقايتنا}} "Our prevention")
| <!-- Function -->contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Ministry of Interior
| <!-- Status   -->In use
| <!-- Licence  -->[[Software:GNU General Public License|GNU GPLv3]] compatible with open source OpenTrace
| <!-- Protocol -->Bluetooth
|[https://www.wiqaytna.ma <!-- Homepage --><nowiki>https://www.wiqaytna.ma</nowiki>] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606100630/https://www.wiqaytna.ma/ |date=2020-06-06  }}
|<!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |title=Morocco Launches COVID-19 Tracking Application 'Wiqaytna'
|language=en|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/06/304540/morocco-launches-covid-19-tracking-application-wiqaytna/ |access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Myanmar}}
|Saw Saw Shar
|information
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Transport and Communication (MOTC), Ministry of Health and Sports (MOHS)
|in use
|
|
|[https://apps.apple.com/us/app/saw-saw-shar/id1509744168 Apple]          [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=mm.org.mcf.app001&hl=en&gl=US Android]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | <!-- Country  -->{{flag|Netherlands}}
| <!-- Name     -->PrivateTracer
| <!-- Function -->contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Milvum, YES!Delft, Odyssey, [[Place:The Hague|The Hague]]
|<!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->MIT Licence
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage -->{{URL|https://privatetracer.org/}}
|<!-- Downloads -->
|<!-- Ref      -->
|-
| <!-- Name     -->CoronaMelder
| <!-- Function -->contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport
|<!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->[[Software:European Union Public Licence|European Union Public Licence]]
|<!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->[https://coronamelder.nl coronamelder.nl]
|<!-- Downloads -->
|<!-- Ref      -->
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Nepal}}
| <!-- Name     --> COVIRA ("COVID-19 Risk Assessment tool")
| <!-- Function --> Individual and regional risk assessment
| <!-- Platform --> web
| <!-- Author   --> Science Hub
| <!-- Status   --> In use
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:GNU General Public License|GNU GPLv3]] compatible with open source OpenTrace
| <!-- Protocol -->
|[https://www.covira.info <!-- Homepage --><nowiki>https://www.covira.info</nowiki>] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716235903/https://www.covira.info/ |date=2020-07-16  }}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite journal |title=Multidisciplinary Approach to COVID-19 Risk Communication: A Framework and Tool for Individual and Regional Risk Assessment
|year=2020|ssrn=3634190|language=en|last1=Parajuli|first1=Rishi Ram|last2=Mishra|first2=Bhogendra|last3=Banstola|first3=Amrit|last4=Ghimire|first4=Bhoj Raj|last5=Poudel|first5=Shobha|last6=Sharma|first6=Kusum|last7=Dixit|first7=Sameer M.|last8=Shah|first8=Sunil|last9=Simkhada|first9=Padam|last10=Van Teijlingen|first10=Edwin|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=10|issue=1|page=21650|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-78779-0|pmid=33303910|pmc=7729931|bibcode=2020NatSR..1021650P}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|New Zealand}}
| <!-- Name     --> [[Software:NZ COVID Tracer|NZ COVID Tracer]]
| <!-- Function -->Point-of-interest journal, contact tracing, medical reporting, information
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Ministry of Health
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:GNU Affero General Public License|AGPLv3]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-resources-and-tools/nz-covid-tracer-app/open-source-release-nz-covid-tracer|title=Open source release of NZ COVID Tracer|publisher=Ministry of Health|date=2020-12-09}}</ref>
| <!-- Protocol -->[[QR code]] and
[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]

| <!-- Homepage --> https://tracing.covid19.govt.nz/
| <!-- Downloads -->1,940,080 registered users<ref>{{Cite web|last=McElnay|first=Caroline|date=2020-08-30|title=Covid-19 update: Healthcare worker one of two new community cases in NZ|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/424797/covid-19-update-healthcare-worker-one-of-two-new-community-cases-in-nz|access-date=2020-08-30|website=RNZ|language=en}}</ref>
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="NZ COVID Tracer" /><ref name="RNZ COVID Tracer" /><ref name="NZH COVID app" />
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|North Macedonia}}
| <!-- Name     --> StopKorona!
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Ministry of Health (North Macedonia), Nextsense
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->Bluetooth
| <!-- Homepage --> {{URL|https://stop.koronavirus.gov.mk/en}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://stop.koronavirus.gov.mk/|title=StopKorona! – следење на изложеноста и заштита од COVID-19|website=stop.koronavirus.gov.mk|access-date=2020-04-13 |archive-date=2020-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418235116/https://stop.koronavirus.gov.mk/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nextsense.com/stopkorona.nspx |title=StopKorona |publisher=Nextsense.com |date=2020-04-14 |access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Norway}}
| <!-- Name     --> Smittestopp
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing, route tracking
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Simula Research Laboratory / [[Organization:Norwegian Institute of Public Health|Norwegian Institute of Public Health]] (FHI)
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> https://helsenorge.no/smittestopp
| <!-- Downloads --> April 20, 1.2m
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/appen-smittestopp-skal-bli-trygg-i-bruk/|title=Appen Smittestopp skal bli trygg i bruk|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|date=10 April 2020|language=no|access-date=2020-04-13|archive-date=2020-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413062650/https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/appen-smittestopp-skal-bli-trygg-i-bruk/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.digi.no/artikler/60-prosent-sier-de-har-lastet-ned-smitteappen/490316 |title=60 prosent sier de har lastet ned smitteappen |publisher=Digi.no |date= 20 April 2020|access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/fhi-har-svart-datatilsynet-om-smittestopp/ |title=FHI har svart Datatilsynet om Smittestopp|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|date= 24 June 2020|access-date=2020-09-29}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Oman}}
|Tarassud
|information
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Health
|in use
|
|
|https://tarassud.moh.gov.om/#/login {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916200830/https://tarassud.moh.gov.om/#/login |date=2021-09-16  }}

[https://apps.apple.com/om/app/tarassud/id1502105746 Apple]          [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=om.gov.moh.tarassudapplication&hl=en&gl=US Android]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|Pakistan}}
|COVID-19 Gov PK
|contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of IT and Telecommunication
|in use
|
|Bluetooth
|https://moitt.gov.pk/NewsDetail/NjQ3NWQyMDMtYTBlYy00ZWE0LWI2YjctYmFmMjk4MTA1MWQ0

[https://apps.apple.com/pk/app/covid-19-gov-pk/id1504847114 Apple]          [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.govpk.covid19&hl=en&gl=US Android]
|
|
|-
|PAK COVID-19 Vaccination Pass
|information
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|NCOC & NADRA
|in use
|
|QR Code
|https://nims.nadra.gov.pk/nims/privacyPolicy

[https://apps.apple.com/us/app/pak-covid-19-vaccination-pass/id1568161682 Apple]          [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=pk.gov.nadra.nims.certificate Android]
|
|
|-
|PassTrack
|assessment
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Information Technology & Telecom, Ministry of Health, National Command and Control Center
|in use
|
|
|https://covid.gov.pk/intl_travellers/current_policies

[https://apps.apple.com/us/app/pass-track/id1531996732 Apple]          [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.passtrack.nitb.gov.pk&hl=en&gl=US Android]
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Paraguay}}
|COVID-19 PY
|information
|Android
|Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare,
Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications
|in use
|
|
|https://apps.paraguay.gov.py/covid-19-py/
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Peru}}
|Perú en tus manos (Peru in your hands)
|information
|iOS, Android
|Presidency of the Council of Ministers,
Ministry of Health
|in use
|
|
|https://www.gob.pe/institucion/pcm/noticias/150943-gobierno-lanza-nueva-version-de-app-peru-en-tus-manos-para-advertir-a-los-ciudadanos-sobre-las-zonas-con-mayor-probabilidad-de-contagio

https://apps.apple.com/ve/app/peru-en-tus-manos/id1506397362
|
|
|-
|rowspan=2| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Philippines}}
| <!-- Name     --> [[Software:SafePass|SafePass]]
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing, employee management, business capacity management
| <!-- Platform --> Web
| <!-- Author   --> authors: Talino Venture, Amihan<br />supporters: Department of Tourism,  Department of Trade and Industry, IATF-EID
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage --> https://www.safepass.asia/about {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814150958/https://www.safepass.asia/about |date=2021-08-14  }}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Resolution No. 42, s.2020 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2020/06jun/20200601-IATF-RESOLUTION-NO-42.pdf |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |publisher=Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases |date=1 June 2020}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> [[Software:StaySafe.ph|StaySafe]]
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing, self diagnostic
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android, Web
| <!-- Author   --> author: Multisys Technologies Corporation<br />supporters: Department of the Interior and Local Government,  Department of Health, IATF-EID
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol --> Exposure Notifications System
| <!-- Homepage --> https://www.staysafe.ph/
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Patrick |first1=De Jesus |title=Government launches StaySafe.PH |url=https://ptvnews.ph/government-launches-staysafe-ph/ |access-date=14 August 2021 |work=PTV News |date=3 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Poland}}
| <!-- Name     --> ProteGO Safe
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing, medical reporting, information
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> authors: Jakub Lipinski, Karol Kostrzewa, Dariusz Aniszewski; supporter: Ministry of Digital Affairs of Poland
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:GNU General Public License|GNU GPLv3]] + [[Software:GNU Affero General Public License|GNU AGPLv3]]
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> {{URL|https://github.com/ProteGO-safe}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="MinDigAffairs_ProteGO">{{cite web| language =pl | title= Życie po kwarantannie – przetestuj ProteGO |trans-title = Life after quarantine – test ProteGO<!-- trans-title is the English translation --> | website= Ministry of Digital Affairs |date =2020-04-03 | url = https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/zycie-po-kwarantannie--przetestuj-protego | access-date = 2020-04-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200415003757/https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/zycie-po-kwarantannie--przetestuj-protego |archive-date= 2020-04-15 |url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped --> |url-access = <!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref><ref name="ProteGO_specs_licence">{{cite web | title= ProteGO-app/specs/LICENSE | website= [[GitHub]] |date =2020-04-03 | url = https://github.com/ProteGO-app/specs/blob/master/LICENSE | access-date = 2020-04-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200415003733/https://github.com/ProteGO-app/specs/blob/master/LICENSE |archive-date= 2020-04-15 |url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped --> |url-access = <!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref><ref name="ProteGO_backend_licence">{{cite web | title= ProteGO-app/backend/LICENSE | website= [[GitHub]] |date =2020-04-03 | url = https://github.com/ProteGO-app/backend/blob/master/LICENSE | access-date = 2020-04-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200415005053/https://github.com/ProteGO-app/backend/blob/master/LICENSE |archive-date= 2020-04-15 |url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped --> |url-access = <!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Portugal}}
| <!-- Name     --> STAYAWAY COVID
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author -->INESC TEC / ISPUP /  Keyruptive / Ubirider
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  -->European Union Public License 1.2
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notification System]]
| <!-- Homepage -->{{URL|https://stayawaycovid.pt/}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{Cite web|title=STAYAWAY COVID - Perguntas Frequentes|url=https://covid19estamoson.gov.pt/stayaway-covid-faqs/|access-date=2020-10-03|website=EstamosON|language=pt}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Qatar}}
|EHTERAZ
|<!-- Function -->contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Public Health,
Ministry of Interior
|in use
|
|GPS
Bluetooth

QR code
|[https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ehteraz/id1507150431 Apple]

[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.moi.covid19&hl=en&gl=US Android]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | <!-- Country  -->{{flag|Russia}}
| StopCoronaVirus My Contacts
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| iOS, Android
| Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media
| <!-- Status   -->in use
| <!-- Licence  -->
| Bluetooth<!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/17/russia-develops-coronavirus-contact-tracing-app-a72068
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Kelion|first=Leo|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52121264|title=Moscow coronavirus app raises privacy concerns|date=2020-04-01|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-04-13|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/economy/1138481|title=COVID-19 patients tracking smartphone app enters testing in Moscow|website=TASS|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> Contact Tracer
| <!-- Function --> Digital Contact Tracing and Alerting
| iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> SoftTree
| in use<!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| GPS
Bluetooth<!-- Protocol -->
| https://contacttracer.ru/app
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/obschestvo/8251765|title=В России создали мобильное приложение, определяющее угрозу заражения коронавирусом
|trans-title=In Russia, a mobile app determining the threat of coronavirus infection was created|website=TASS|language=ru|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|Tawakkalna
|Contact Tracing
|iOS, Android
|Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA)
|in use
|
|Bluetooth
|https://ta.sdaia.gov.sa/en/index
|
|
|-
| <!-- Name     -->Corona Map
| <!-- Function -->Self Diagnostic Information
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android, Web
| <!-- Author   -->National Health Information Center
| <!-- Status   -->in use
|<!-- Licence  -->
|<!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->https://coronamap.sa/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320185730/https://coronamap.sa/ |date=2020-03-20  }} [https://apps.apple.com/sa/app/corona-map/id1503046302 Apple Store] [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.covid.coronavirus&hl=en_US Google Play]
|<!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/591740/pdf/Tawakkalna-a-new-app-in-Saudi-Arabia-to-manage-movement-permits|title="Tawakkalna".. a new app in Saudi Arabia to manage movement permits|date=2020-04-11|website=Saudigazette|language=en|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref>
|-
|Tabaud - تباعد
|Contact Tracing
|iOS, Android
|Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA)
|in use
|
|<!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
|[https://apps.apple.com/sa/app/tabaud-covid-19-ksa/id1514704802 App Store]
|
|
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Singapore}}
| <!-- Name     --> [[Software:TraceTogether|TraceTogether]]
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Government Digital Services agency of Government Technology Agency of Singapore
| <!-- Status   --> Closed down on 10 January 2024
| <!-- Licence  --> GNU GPLv3 compatible with open source OpenTrace / [[Software:BlueTrace|BlueTrace]] framework
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Software:BlueTrace|BlueTrace]]
| <!-- Homepage --> https://www.tracetogether.gov.sg/
| <!-- Downloads -->2 million (4 Jan 2021)<ref group="note">Excludes users who use both the physical token and the app, or the physical token exclusively.</ref>
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web|last=Tham|first=Yuen-C|date=2021-01-04|title=More than 4.2m people using TraceTogether, token distribution to resume soon: Lawrence Wong|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/parliament-more-than-42m-people-using-tracetogether-token-distribution-to-resume|access-date=2021-01-04|website=The Straits Times|language=en|quote=Of these people, about two million use only the app on their phone.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tracetogether.gov.sg/|title=TraceTogether|website=www.tracetogether.gov.sg}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Slovakia}}
|OverPass
|information
|Android, Web
|Ministry Of Health
|in use
|
|QR code
|https://spectator.sme.sk/c/22726609/state-app-to-check-green-covid-passes-is-now-available.html
https://automat.gov.sk/
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Slovenia}}
|#Ostanizdrav
|Contact Tracing
|Android, iOS
|Ministry Of Health
|in use
|
|Exposure Notification System
|https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=si.gov.ostanizdrav&hl=sl&gl=US
|over 100.00 (8 Jun 2022)
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=#OstaniZdrav – Aplikacije v Googlu Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=si.gov.ostanizdrav&hl=sl&gl=US |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=play.google.com |language=sl}}</ref>
|-
|  rowspan="3" | <!-- Country  --> {{flag|South Korea}}
| <!-- Name     --> Corona 100m
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!-- Platform --> Android (no longer available)
| <!-- Author   --> Bae Won-Seok / TINA3D
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dudden |first1=Alexis |last2=Marks |first2=Andrew |title=South Korea took rapid, intrusive measures against Covid-19 – and they worked |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/20/south-korea-rapid-intrusive-measures-covid-19 |work=The Guardian |date=20 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/28/tech/korea-coronavirus-tracking-apps/index.html|title=Coronavirus mobile apps are surging in popularity in South Korea|author=Ivan Watson and Sophie Jeong|website=CNN|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2020-03-06-apple-cracks-down-coronavirus-apps-misinformation.html|title=Apple is rejecting coronavirus apps to limit virus misinformation|website=Engadget|date=6 March 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> Self-Diagnosis app
| <!-- Function --> self-diagnostic
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> [[Organization:Ministry of Health and Welfare (South Korea)|Ministry of Health and Welfare]]
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->  {{URL|http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/selfcheck}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mohw.corona&hl=en_US |title=Self-Diagnosis - Ministry of Health and Welfare - Apps on Google Play |date=2020-02-26 |access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200324002352320?section=search|title=Stricter containment steps necessary for U.S. arrivals: experts|website=Yonhap News Agency|date=24 March 2020|language=en|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> Self-Quarantine app
| <!-- Function --> isolation registration
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Ministry of the Interior and Safety
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage --> {{URL|http://www.safekorea.go.kr}}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=kr.go.safekorea.sqsm&hl=en_US|title=자가격리자 안전보호 - Apps on Google Play|date=2020-03-05|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200326012400315?section=search|title=Full text of President Moon Jae-in's remarks at G-20 summit|website=Yonhap News Agency|date=27 March 2020|language=en|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> {{flag|South Africa}}
| <!-- Name     -->COVID Alert South Africa
| <!-- Function -->Contact tracing, Exposure Notifications
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Department Of Health
| In Use Nation Wide
|
| <!--Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> [https://sacoronavirus.co.za/ Homepage] [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=za.gov.health.covidconnect&hl=en_ZA&gl=US Google Play] [https://apps.apple.com/za/app/covid-alert-south-africa/id1524618326 App Store] [https://appgallery.huawei.com/#/app/C102889329 App Gallary]
| Android - 1,000,000+ AppGallary 250,000+<!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/covid-tech-app-developed-to-help-trace-those-infected-by-covid-19/ |title=COVID Tech Part I: Government, UCT partner for tracing app |last=Moche |first=Tshepiso |date=2020-04-29 |website=sabcnews |language=en |access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://coviid.me/ |title=Covi-id - COVID-19 risk management to protect privacy |website=www.coviid.me |access-date=2020-05-12 |archive-date=2020-05-11  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511043654/https://coviid.me/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  -->{{flag|Spain}}
| <!-- Name     --> Radar COVID
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation, Indra Sistemas
| <!-- Status   --> Available in Play Store and App Store
| <!-- Licence  --> MPL-2.0
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> [https://apps.apple.com/ie/app/radar-covid/id1520443509 Apple Store], [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=es.gob.radarcovid&hl=en_US Google Play]
| <!-- Downloads -->7,666,168
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mineco.gob.es/portal/site/mineco/menuitem.ac30f9268750bd56a0b0240e026041a0/?vgnextoid=def69a0baa0e2710VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD&vgnextchannel=864e154527515310VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD|title=El Gobierno aprueba el desarrollo del piloto para una aplicación móvil de notificación de contactos de riesgo por COVID-19|date=2020-06-23|language=es|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref><ref name="Rincón"/>
|-
| <!-- Country  -->{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
| <!-- Name     --> Self Shield (Formerly COVID Shield)
| <!-- Function --> Self-Health Checking and monitoring, AI driven breathing performance assessment, Quarantine Monitoring and Support, reporting test state, demographic mapping
| <!-- Platform --> Android
| <!-- Author   --> Commonwealth Centre for Digital Health
| <!-- Status   --> Available in Play Store
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage --> https://sshield.org
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZyE_KRWLtC8| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211114/ZyE_KRWLtC8| archive-date=2021-11-14 | url-status=live|title=COVID Shield Webinar|date=2020-04-09|website=YouTube|language=en|access-date=2020-04-21}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Sweden}}
|COVID Symptom Study
|contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Faculty of Medicine Lunds University
|in use
|
|
|http://www.covid19app.lu.se/
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | <!-- Country  --> {{flag|Switzerland}}
| <!-- Name     --> TrackCorona
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->Web
| <!-- Author   --> University of Lugano, Oxylabs
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage --> https://coronamapper.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304094209/https://coronamapper.com/ |date=2020-03-04  }}
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |title=Tech Companies Extend Research Support and Funding for COVID-19 Research Projects |url=https://www.finanznachrichten.de/nachrichten-2020-04/49276794-oxylabs-becomes-global-leader-in-big-data-extraction-services-extends-research-support-and-funding-for-covid-19-research-projects-200.htm |website=Finanznachrichten |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> SwissCovid
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Ubique, EPFL, ETH Zurich
| <!-- Status   --> in use
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:Mozilla Public License|MPL 2.0]]
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> https://github.com/DP-3T/dp3t-app-android-ch
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |title=EPFL launches pilot for the Google and Apple-based decentralised tracing app |url=https://sciencebusiness.net/network-updates/epfl-launches-pilot-google-and-apple-based-decentralised-tracing-app |website=ScienceBusiness |language=en}}</ref>

|-
|<!-- country -->{{Flag|Taiwan}}
|<!-- Name -->Taiwan Social Distancing
|<!-- Function -->contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|<!-- Author -->Taiwan AI Labs, [[Organization:Taiwan Centers for Disease Control|Taiwan Centers for Disease Control]]
|<!-- Status -->in use
|<!-- Licence -->
|<!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
|<!-- Homepage -->[https://apps.apple.com/tw/app/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%A4%E8%B7%9D%E9%9B%A2/id1554431836 App Store], [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tw.gov.cdc.exposurenotifications Google Play]
|<!-- Downloads -->1 million+ (18 May)
|<!-- Ref --><ref name=":3" />
|-
|<!-- country -->{{Flag|Tajikistan}}
|CoronaCheck
|assessment
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Digital Health Resource Centre
|in use
|
|
|https://asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/society/20200610/coronavirus-self-assessment-mobile-app-launched-for-tajikistan
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Thailand}}
|Mor Prom
|vaccination data
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry Of Public Health
|<!-- Status -->in use
|
|QR Code
|https://www.moph.go.th/index.php/COVID_19_privacy_notice {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916143833/https://www.moph.go.th/index.php/COVID_19_privacy_notice |date=2021-09-16  }}
|
|
|-
|Mor Chana
|contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Digital Government Development Agency
|in use
|
|GPS, Bluetooth
|https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.thaialert.app&hl=en&gl=US
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Timor Leste}}
|COVID-19 Timor-Leste
|information
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Health
|in use
|
|
|https://covid19.gov.tl/en/covid-mobile-apps-apple-and-android/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916175902/https://covid19.gov.tl/en/covid-mobile-apps-apple-and-android/ |date=2021-09-16  }}
|
|
|-
|<!-- country -->{{Flag|Turkey}}
|HES Code
|contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Health
|in use
|
|
|https://hayatevesigar.saglik.gov.tr/hes-eng.html

[https://apps.apple.com/us/app/hayat-eve-s%C4%B1%C4%9Far/id1505756398 App Store]    [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tr.gov.saglik.hayatevesigar&hl=en&gl=US Android]
|
|
|-
|<!-- country -->{{Flag|UAE}}
|ALHOSN
|digital tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Health and Prevention
|in use
|
|Bluetooth
|https://www.ncema.gov.ae/alhosn/index.html
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Ukraine}}
|Act at Home
|assessment
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine
|in use
|
|
|https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en/news/yak-pracyuye-zastosunok-dij-vdoma

[https://apps.apple.com/ua/app/%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0/id1504695512 Apple]            [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ua.gov.diia.quarantine&hl=en&gl=US Android]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | <!-- Country  -->{{flag|United Kingdom}}
| <!-- Name     -->[[Software:NHS COVID-19|NHS COVID-19]]
| <!-- Function -->multipurpose
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Zühlke Engineering for NHSX
| <!-- Status   -->Released on 24 September for users in England and Wales.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/nhs-contact-tracing-app-released-in-england-and-wales/|title=NHS contact-tracing app released in England and Wales|website=BBC Science Focus Magazine}}</ref> Closed Down as of 27 April 2023 <ref name="Withdrawn NHS COVID-19 app"/>
| <!-- Licence  -->MIT License
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage -->[https://covid19.nhs.uk/ covid19.nhs.uk]
| <!-- Downloads -->10 million+<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nhs-covid-19-app-has-been-downloaded-over-10-million-times|title=NHS COVID-19 app has been downloaded over 10 million times|website=GOV.UK}}</ref>
| <!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pocket-lint.com/apps/news/151807-how-the-nhs-coronavirus-contact-tracing-app-will-work |title=How the NHS coronavirus contact-tracing app will work |last=Tillman |first=Maggie |date=2020-04-14 | website=Pocket-lint |language=en | access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref><ref name="launchdate" />
|-
| <!-- Name     -->Protect Scotland
| <!-- Function -->contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->NearForm for NHS Scotland Test and Protect
| <!-- Status   -->In use; released on 10 September for users in Scotland.
| <!-- Licence  -->[[Software:Apache License 2.0|Apache License 2.0]]
|<!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
|<!-- Homepage -->[https://protect.scot/ protect.scot]
| <!-- Downloads -->1,080,699 (20 September)
|<!-- Ref      --><ref name="downloaded" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-12|title=Protect Scotland source code|url=https://github.com/NES-Digital-Service/protect-scotland|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Github|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->StopCOVID NI
| <!-- Function -->multipurpose
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->NearForm
| <!-- Status   -->In use; released on 30 July for users in N. Ireland.
| <!-- Licence  -->MIT License
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage -->[https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/coronavirus-covid-19-stopcovid-ni-proximity-app/ nidirect.gov.uk]
| <!-- Downloads -->250,000 (14 August)
|<!-- Ref      --><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-14|title=250,000 downloads of StopCOVID NI app|url=https://www.health-ni.gov.uk/news/250000-downloads-stopcovid-ni-app/|access-date=2020-09-11|website=Department of Health, Northern Ireland|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     -->[[Software:COVID Symptom Study|COVID Symptom Study]], formerly Covid Symptom Tracker
| <!-- Function -->self-diagnostic
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->[[Organization:King's College London|King's College London]], Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, Zoe Global Limited
|<!-- Status   -->
|<!-- Licence  -->
|<!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->https://covid.joinzoe.com/
| <!-- Downloads -->May 4, 3 million
| <!-- Ref      --><ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/g31895943/coronavirus-apps/ |title=16 Apps Everyone Should Have On Their Phone During Coronavirus |last=O'Malley |first=Katie |date=2020-03-27 |website=ELLE |language=en |access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Three million download app to track coronavirus symptoms|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/techandgadgets/three-million-download-app-to-track-symptoms-a4431271.html|last=Lydall|first=Ross|date=2020-05-04|website=Evening Standard|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="14" | <!-- Country  -->{{flag|United States}}
| <!-- Name     -->[https://www.apple.com/covid19 COVID-19 Screening Tool]
| <!-- Function --> self-diagnostic
| <!-- Platform --> Web
| <!-- Author   --> [[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple Inc.]] / CDC
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/s0327-statement-covid-19-apple-app.html |title=CDC Statement on COVID-19 Apple App |date=2020-03-27 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en |access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> CovidSafe
| <!-- Function --> self-diagnostic, contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]] volunteers, [[Organization:University of Washington|University of Washington]]
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:MIT License|MIT License]]
| <!-- Protocol --> PACT
| <!-- Homepage --> https://covidsafe.cs.washington.edu/
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |author-first=Lisa |author-last=Stiffler |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2020/uw-microsoft-release-contact-tracing-app-aiming-battle-covid-19-preserving-privacy/ |title=UW and Microsoft release contact-tracing app, aiming to battle COVID-19 while preserving privacy |publisher=GeekWire |date=2020-04-22 |access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> Covid Watch
| <!-- Function --> exposure alerts / anonymous contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> Covid Watch
| <!-- Status   --> piloting
| <!-- Licence  --> Apache 2.0
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:Exposure Notification|Exposure Notifications System]]
| <!-- Homepage --> [https://www.covidwatch.org/faq https://www.covidwatch.org/]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="fortune welcome"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.covidwatch.org/|title=Covid Watch|website=www.covidwatch.org|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref name="reopening"/><ref>{{cite news |title=UArizona Testing App to Alert Students, Employees Exposed to COVID-19. |url=https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/uarizona-testing-app-alert-students-employees-exposed-covid19 |work=UANews |date=18 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=UArizona team testing app that will notify those exposed to COVID-19. |url=https://www.kgun9.com/news/coronavirus/uarizona-team-testing-app-that-will-notify-those-exposed-to-covid-19 |work=kgun 9 |date=18 June 2020}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> coEpi
| <!-- Function --> self-reporting
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> coEpi
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol --> [[Software:TCN Protocol|TCN]]
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="fortune welcome"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://coepi.org/https://coepi.org/|title=CoEpi: Community Epidemiology in Action|last=CoEpi|website=CoEpi|language=en|access-date=2020-04-16}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> How We Feel
| <!-- Function --> self-diagnostic
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> [[Company:Pinterest|Pinterest]] and others
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |author-first=Avery |author-last=Hartmans |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-symptoms-tracking-app-pinterest-how-we-feel-ios-android-2020-4 |title=Pinterest CEO launches How We Feel app to track coronavirus symptoms |work=Business Insider |date=2020-04-03 |access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Name     -->NOVID
|<!-- Function -->contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|<!-- Author   -->[https://www.expii.com/ Expii], [[Organization:Carnegie Mellon University|CMU]]
|<!-- Status   -->
|<!-- Licence  -->
|<!-- Protocol -->[[Software:TCN Protocol|TCN]]
|<!-- Homepage -->[https://www.novid.org https://www.novid.org/]
|<!-- Downloads -->
|<!-- Ref      --><ref>{{cite web|title=CMU Professor Creates Innovative App to Anonymously Trace Exposure to COVID-19|url=http://www.cmu.edu/mcs/news-events/2020/0417_novid-app.html|date=2020|website=www.cmu.edu|language=en|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Name     -->Preworkscreen
|<!-- Function -->Employee pre-shift screening, reporting, and documenting
|<!-- Platform -->iOS, Android, Web
|<!-- Author   -->[https://preworkscreen.com/ Preworkscreen]
|<!-- Status   -->Released on [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/preworkscreen/id1517912375?ls=1 App Store] and [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.infobeyond.preworkscreen Play Store]
|<!-- Licence  -->Proprietary
|<!-- Protocol -->
|<!-- Homepage -->[https://preworkscreen.com/ https://preworkscreen.com/]
|<!-- Downloads -->
|<!-- Ref -->
|-
| <!-- Name     --> Private Kit: Safe Paths
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> MIT
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:MIT License|MIT License]]
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage --> [http://safepaths.mit.edu/ safepaths.mit.edu]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="safepaths_homepage">{{cite web |url=http://safepaths.mit.edu/ |title=Private Kit: Safe Paths; Privacy-by-Design Contact Tracing using GPS+Bluetooth &#124; safepaths |publisher=Safepaths.mit.edu |date=2020-03-27 |access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> PathCheck
| <!-- Function --> contact tracing
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> MIT
| <!-- Status   -->
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Software:MIT License|MIT License]]
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage --> [http://pathcheck.org/ pathcheck.org]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="pathcheck_homepage">{{cite web |url=http://pathcheck.org/ |title=PathCheck Foundation {{!}} COVID-19 Technology & Research; pathcheck |publisher=pathcheck.org |date=2020-03-27 |access-date=2020-08-16}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> TeamSense
| <!-- Function -->Covid screening app for employees. Pre-shift symptom screening, reporting and compliance dashboard
| <!-- Platform --> Web
| <!-- Author   --> TeamSense
| <!-- Status   --> In Use
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->
| https://www.teamsense.com
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      -->
|-
| <!-- Name     --> ProjectCovid
| <!-- Function --> self diagnostic, information, HIPAA Compliant
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> LFR International
| <!-- Status   --> Released
| <!-- Licence  -->
| <!-- Protocol -->
|<!-- Homepage -->[https://project-covid.lfrinternational.org/]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="irdirect.net">{{cite web |url=https://irdirect.net/prviewer/release_only/id/4603792 |title=TPT MedTech and its Distributor AllStar Health Brands Complete a $338k Transaction with Baywest Wellness Ltd Hospital and Clinics to Launch Its "QuikLAB" Testing and "QuikPASS" Check and Verify Passport in Jamaica Airport|website=irdirect.net |language=en |access-date=2021-01-26}}</ref><ref name="QuikPASS on CNBC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2021/02/05/getting-fans-back-to-live-events-with-rapid-testing.html |title=QuikPASS on CNBC |website=CNBC |date=5 February 2021 |language=en |access-date=2021-02-05}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> QuikLAB™
| <!-- Function --> medical reporting, test tracking, HIPAA compliant, lab patient log-in and reporting.
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android, web
| <!-- Author   --> https://tptmedtech.com/
| <!-- Status   --> in-use
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->
|<!-- Homepage -->[https://tptmedtech.com/]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref name="irdirect.net"/><ref name="QuikPASS on CNBC"/>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> QuikPASS™
| <!-- Function --> COVID-19 check and verify passport, HIPAA compliant
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android, web
| <!-- Author   --> https://tptmedtech.com/
| <!-- Status   --> in-use
| <!-- Licence  --> Proprietary
| <!-- Protocol -->
|<!-- Homepage -->[https://tptmedtech.com/]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://irdirect.net/prviewer/release_only/id/4608243 |title=TPT MedTech "QuikPASS" and "QuikLAB" Will Provide COVID-19 Testing for NBA Legend Shaquille O'Neal's Televised Big Game Event "Shaq Bowl" in Tampa, FL |website=TPT Global Tech |language=en |access-date=2021-01-29}}</ref><ref name="QuikPASS on CNBC"/>
|-
| <!-- Name     --> We-Care
| <!-- Function --> anonymous contact tracing
| <!-- Platform --> web
| <!-- Author   --> https://we-care.world/
| <!-- Status   --> in-use
| <!-- Licence  --> [[Organization:University of California, Davis|University of California, Davis]]
| <!-- Protocol -->
|<!-- Homepage -->[https://we-care.world/]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite news |title=UC Davis professor releases free Covid-19 contact-tracing app |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2020/05/26/uc-davis-professor-releases-free-covid-19-contact.html |access-date=7 November 2021 |work=www.bizjournals.com |agency=Sacramento Business Journals |publisher=The Business Journals |date=26 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=UC Davis Computer Scientists Launch App To Help Slow Spread Of COVID-19 |url=https://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2020/05/27/uc-davis-app-covid-19-contact-tracing/ |access-date=7 November 2021 |work=CBS News |agency=CBS |date=27 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=States Ramp Up Contact Tracing Amidst Privacy Concerns - State Net |url=https://www.lexisnexis.com/en-us/products/state-net/news/2020/05/28/States-Ramp-Up-Contact-Tracing-Amidst-Privacy-Concerns.page |access-date=7 November 2021 |work=www.lexisnexis.com |agency=Lexis Nexis |publisher=Capitol Journal |date=28 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|Self-Safety
|<!-- Function -->contact tracing
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Ministry of Health,
Ministry for the Development of Information Technologies and Communications
|in use
|
|GPS
Bluetooth
|https://coronavirus.uz/ru/self-safety {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024095518/https://coronavirus.uz/ru/self-safety |date=2021-10-24  }}
|
|
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Venezuela}}
|Nezha
|logging and reporting
|<!--Platform-->iOS, Android
|Technovation Girls
|<!-- Status   -->under development
|
|
|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paOCnfaTgKc
|
|
|-
|-
|<!-- Country  -->{{flag|Vietnam}}
| <!-- Name     -->PC-Covid
| <!-- Function -->contact tracing, medical reporting
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   -->Ministry of Health, Ministry of Information and Communications
| <!-- Status   -->Available in Play Store and App Store
| <!-- Licence  -->GNU License {{clarify|date=August 2020|reason=there are many gnu licenses}}
|<!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->https://pccovid.gov.vn/
|<!-- Downloads -->
|<!-- Ref      -->
|-
| <!-- Country  --> global
| <!-- Name     --> World Health Organization COVID-19 App
| <!-- Function --> information
| <!--Platform-->iOS, Android
| <!-- Author   --> [[Organization:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]]
| <!-- Status   --> under development
| <!-- Licence  --> MIT Licence
| <!-- Protocol -->
| <!-- Homepage -->[https://github.com/WorldHealthOrganization/app WorldHealthOrganization/app]
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --> <ref>{{cite web |last1=Strickland |first1=Eliza |title=An Official WHO Coronavirus App Will Be a "Waze for COVID-19" |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-human-os/biomedical/devices/who-official-coronavirus-app-waze-covid19 |website=IEEE Spectrum |date=20 March 2020 |access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| <!-- Country  --> global
| <!-- Name     -->Coalition App
| <!-- Function -->contact tracing
| <!-- Platform -->iOS, Android, third party hardware
| <!-- Author   -->Coalition Network
| <!-- Status   -->Live
| <!-- Licence  --> GPL 3
| <!-- Protocol -->[[Software:Whisper Tracing Protocol|Whisper Tracing Protocol]]
| <!-- Homepage -->https://www.coalitionnetwork.org/
| <!-- Downloads -->
| <!-- Ref      --><ref name="sfchronicle.com"/>

|}

== See also ==
* [[General Data Protection Regulation]] (GDPR)
* [[Philosophy:Government by algorithm|Government by algorithm]]

== References ==
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="AI100_human_rights">{{cite web | title= Joint civil society statement: States use of digital surveillance technologies to fight pandemic must respect human rights | website= Amnesty International |date =2020-04-02 | url =https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL3020812020ENGLISH.pdf | access-date = 2020-04-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200415022423/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL3020812020ENGLISH.pdf |archive-date= 2020-04-15 |url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped --> |url-access = <!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref>

}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Contact Tracing in Post-Covid World: A Cryptologic Approach |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Pranab |first2=Subhamoy |last2=Maitra |first3=Mridul |last3=Nandi |first4=Suprita |last4=Talnikar |year=2021 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9789811597268 |url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811597268 }}
* {{cite journal |title=Big data, privacy and COVID-19 – learning from humanitarian expertise in data protection |last1=Zwitter |first1=Andrej |last2=Gstrein |first2=Oskar |year=2020 |journal=Journal of International Humanitarian Action |volume=5 |doi=10.1186/s41018-020-00072-6 |s2cid=218674781 |doi-access=free }}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Projects using personal data to combat SARS-CoV-2 |date=April 2020 |work=GDPR Hub |publisher=NOYB – European Center for Digital Rights |url=https://gdprhub.eu/index.php?title=Projects_using_personal_data_to_combat_SARS-CoV-2 |access-date=2020-04-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410221136/https://gdprhub.eu/index.php?title=Projects_using_personal_data_to_combat_SARS-CoV-2 |archive-date=2020-04-10}}
* {{cite web |title=Mobile applications to support contact tracing in the EU's fight against COVID-19 Common EU Toolbox for Member States |date=2020-04-26 |publisher=European Commission |url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/ehealth/docs/covid-19_apps_en.pdf |access-date=2020-04-26 }}
* {{cite web |author1=AmnestyTech |title=COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps |url=https://github.com/AmnestyTech/covid19-apps |website=[[GitHub]] |publisher=Amnesty International <!-- |access-date=5 January 2023 |date=6 September 2022 -->}}

[[Category:Mobile applications]]

{{Sourceattribution|COVID-19 apps}}