View source for Software:Mojikyō

{{short description|Character encoding scheme}}
{{Infobox software
| name                   = {{transl|ja|Mojikyō}}<br>{{small|{{transl|ja|Konjaku Mojikyō}}}}<br>{{small|{{lang|ja|今昔文字鏡}}}}
| logo                   = 今昔文字鏡.gif
| screenshot             = 文字鏡：台湾語仮名.png
| caption                = The {{transl|ja|Mojikyō}} character map highlighting the Taiwanese kana　<span style="text-decoration: overline">{{lang|ja|セ}}</span><ref group="note">As yet, lacks a [[Unicode]] encoding, so is approximated here with [[CSS]] and {{unichar|30BB|KATAKANA LETTER SE}}.</ref>
| author                 = 
| developer              = Tadahisa Ishikawa<br>({{lang|ja|石川忠久}})<br>Tokio Furuya<br>({{lang|ja|古家時雄}})<br>Mojikyō Institute<br>({{lang|ja|文字鏡研究会}})
| released               = 1.0 / {{Start date and age|1997|07}}
| discontinued           = y
| latest release version = 4.0
| latest release date    = {{Start date and age|2018|12|15}}
| operating system       = [[Software:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]]
| size                   = 51MB
| language               = [[Social:Japanese language|Japanese]]
| genre                  = Character set bundled with [[Font|font]]s and a [[Software:Character Map (Windows)|character map]]
| license                = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| website                = {{URL|mojikyo.org}}
}}
{{italictitle}} {{transl|ja|Hepburn|'''Mojikyō'''}} ({{lang-ja|文字鏡}}), also known by its full name {{Nihongo3|{{literally|(the) past and present character mirror}}|今昔文字鏡|'''Konjaku Mojikyō'''}}, is a [[Character encoding|character encoding]] scheme. The {{Nihongo|Mojikyō Institute|文字鏡研究会|Mojikyō Kenkyūkai}}, which published the character set, also published computer software and TrueType [[Typeface|font]]s to accompany it. The Mojikyō Institute, chaired by {{Nihongo|Tadahisa Ishikawa|石川忠久}},<ref>{{Cite web|title=今昔文字鏡について|trans-title=About Mojikyō|url=http://www.mojikyo.com/about.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010203164100/http://www.mojikyo.com/about.html|archive-date=2001-02-03|access-date=2020-07-06|website=Mojikyō Institute|language=ja}}</ref> originally had its character set and related software and data redistributed on [[CD-ROM|CD-ROMs]] sold in Kinokuniya stores.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:ようこそ、今昔文字鏡の世界へ！|trans-title=Welcome to the world of {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}}!|url=http://mojikyo.com|lang=ja|url-status=dead|archive-date=2005-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050304082244/http://www.mojikyo.com/|publisher=Kinokuniya KK|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref>

Conceptualized in 1996,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Ishikawa|first=Tadahisa|date=August 2015|title=古家時雄君を悼む|trans-title=Tokio Furuya, we grieve your death|url=http://mojikyo.org/#MemorialWriting|access-date=2020-07-08|website=Mojikyō Institute|language=ja}}</ref> the first version of the CD-ROM was released in July 1997.<ref>{{Citation|title=Konjaku Mojikyō|date=July 1997|url=https://tsutaya.tsite.jp/item/book/PTA0000H5P25|language=ja|isbn=9784314900034|script-title=ja:今昔文字鏡}}</ref> For a time, the Mojikyō Institute also offered a web subscription, termed "{{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} WEB" ({{Lang|ja|文字鏡WEB}}), which had more up-to-date characters.<ref name="2010MOJIKYO" /> 

{{As of|2006|9}}, ''Mojikyō'' encoded 174,975 characters.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050205150655/http://mojikyo.com/info/about/index.html|url=http://mojikyo.com/info/about/index.html|access-date=2020-07-05|archive-date=2005-02-05|publisher=Kinokuniya KK|lang=ja|script-title=ja:今昔文字鏡とは|trans-title=What is {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}}?}}</ref> Among those, 150,366 characters (≈86%) then belonged to the extended Chinese–Japanese–Korean–Vietnamese (CJKV)<ref group="note" name=":0">For Korean, [[Social:Hanja|Hanja]] are referred to. For Vietnamese, [[Social:Chữ Nôm|Chữ Nôm]].</ref> family.<ref name="2010MOJIKYO">{{cite web |url=http://www.mojikyo.com/info/about/index.html |script-title=ja:今昔文字鏡とは |language=ja|trans-title=About Mojikyo |publisher=Kinokuniya KK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427030433/http://www.mojikyo.com/info/about/index.html |archive-date=2010-04-27 |url-status=dead |access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref> Many of ''Mojikyō''<nowiki/>'s characters are considered obsolete or obscure, and are not encoded by any other character set, including the most widely used international text encoding standard, [[Unicode]].

Originally a paid proprietary software product, as of 2015, the Mojikyō Institute began to upload its latest releases to [[Internet Archive]] as [[Freeware|freeware]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Search: creator:"MOJIKYO Institute"|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator:%22MOJIKYO+Institute%22|access-date=2020-07-06|website=[[Internet Archive]]|language=en}}</ref> as a memorial to honor one of its developers, {{Nihongo|Tokio Furuya|古家時雄}}, who died that year.<ref name=":3" /> On December 15, 2018, version 4.0 was released. The next day, Ishikawa announced that without Furuya this would be the final release of ''Mojikyō''.<ref name=":3" />

== Premise ==
The {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} encoding was created to provide a complete index of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese characters. It also encodes a large number of characters in ancient scripts, such as the [[Social:Oracle bone script|oracle bone script]], the [[Social:Seal script|seal script]], and [[Social:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] (Siddhaṃ). For many characters, it is the only [[Character encoding|character encoding]] to encode them, and its data is often used as a starting point for [[Unicode]] proposals.<ref>{{cite book|title=Proposal for hentaigana|publisher=[[Organization:Information Processing Society of Japan|Information Processing Society of Japan]]|via=[[Organization:Unicode Consortium|Unicode Consortium]]|id=L2/15-239|last1=Takada|first1=Tomokazu|last2=Yada|first2=Tsutomu|last3=Saito|first3=Tatsuya|translator-last=Kobayashi|translator-first=Tatsuo|translator-link=Tatsuo Kobayashi|translator-last2=Kobayashi|translator-first2=Daniel|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15239-hentaigana.pdf|date=2015-09-18|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Ideograph Variation Selector and Variation Collection Identifier|id=L2/03-413|publisher=Open Internationalization Initiative|last1=Hiura|first1=Hideki|last2=Kobayashi|first2=Tatsuo|last3=Kida|first3=Yasuo|display-authors=2|via=[[Organization:Unicode Consortium|Unicode Consortium]]|access-date=2020-07-05|date=2003-10-31|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03413-varsel.html}}</ref> However, {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} has much looser standards than Unicode for encoding, which leads {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} to have many encoded glyphs of dubious, or even unintentionally fictional, origin.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Takada|first1=Tomokazu [{{lang|ja|高田智和}}]|last2=Oda|first2=Tetsuji [{{lang|ja|織田哲治}}]|last3=Konishi|first3=Satoshi|display-authors=2|date=2013-08-26|script-title=ja:平成25年度第3回文字情報検討サブワーキンググループ議事録|trans-title=Meeting Minutes of the Third Character Information Examination Sub-Working Group of 2013 (Heisei 25)|url=https://mojikiban.ipa.go.jp/contents/pdf/2013/20130826_3k_g.pdf|access-date=2020-07-06|website=Information Technology Promotion Agency, Government of Japan|page=2|language=ja|quote=文字鏡研究会の関係者にヒアリングしたところ、オランダから提案されたWG2 N36981には文字鏡のフォントが使用されているが、文字鏡研究会は関与しておらず、提案内容についても疑問があるとのことであった。[According to an interview with a representative of the Mojikyō Institute, a ''Mojikyō'' font is used in WG2 N36981 proposed by the Netherlands, but the Mojikyō Institute itself is not involved with the proposal; it furthermore has doubts about some of the content of that proposal.]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Suzuki|first=Toshiya [{{lang|ja|鈴木俊哉}}]|date=2009-07-30|script-title=ja:統合漢字に申請された「殷周金文集成引得」図形文字の調査|trans-title=Investigation on Glyphs collected from "Index to Collection of Inscriptions of the Yin-Zhou Period" to submit to CJK Unified Ideographs<!-- official English title, do not "improve" -->|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320094733if_/https://ipsj.ixsq.nii.ac.jp/ej/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=62547&item_no=1&attribute_id=1&file_no=1|journal=IPSJ SIG Technical Report|language=ja|publisher=[[Organization:Information Processing Society of Japan|Information Processing Society of Japan]]|volume=2009-DD-72|issue=7|pages=2|quote=しかし、拡張Cの標準化作業が8年の長期にわたり、また事後的に用例が必須とされたため、正式に公布された拡張C漢字の典拠は当初の典拠とはかなり異なるものとなっている。たとえば日本では当初は文字鏡研究会によって選定された1000文字程度の漢字を申請していた[。] [...] 典拠用例確認は文字鏡とは独立に行なわれたため、字形が文字鏡漢字から変更されたものも多い。[As the standardization effort for [[CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C]] has been eight long years in the making and examples of kanji have been requested after their encoding, the officially promulgated Extension C kanji standard is quite different from the original standard. For example, we, the Government of Japan, initially applied for about 1,000 kanji selected by the Mojikyō Institute[.] [...] Since the verification of the kanji was performed independently of the Mojikyō Institute, the character shapes were often changed from Mojikyō's version of that same codepoint.]|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> As such, while many non-Unicode {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} characters are suitable for addition to Unicode, not all can become Unicode characters, due to the differing standards of evidence required by each.

== Composition ==
The {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} fonts ({{Lang|ja|文字鏡フォント}}) are TrueType fonts that come in a ZIP file and are each around 2{{en dash}}5 megabytes; the different fonts contain different numbers of characters.<ref group="note">Download the file {{Mono|MojikyoCmap400ALL49TTF.7z}} from [http://mojikyo.org the official website]</ref> Also included is a Windows executable that implements a [[Graphical user interface|graphical]] [[Software:Character Map (Windows)|character map]], the "{{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} Character Map" ({{Lang|ja|文字鏡MAP}}), {{mono|MOCHRMAP.EXE}}.<ref group="note">English name from the title of the window produced by running the executable; Japanese name from the icon of the executable.</ref><ref group="note">Also called the "Mojikyō Cmap".</ref> {{mono|MOCHRMAP.EXE}} allows users to browse through the {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} fonts, and copy and paste characters in lieu of typing them on the keyboard. As opposed to the regular Windows character map, or for that matter KCharSelect, which both support TrueType fonts, {{mono|MOCHRMAP.EXE}} displays the numbered {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} encoding slot of the requested character.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ishikawa|first=Tadahisa|date=1999-05-25|title=パソコン悠悠漢字術 今昔文字鏡徹底活用|trans-title=Kanji on your PC, Made Easy{{em dash}}The Complete Mojikyō Manual|url=https://www.est.co.jp/ks/dish/jepax/samples/ykanji/ykanji-sample.html|access-date=2020-07-06|publisher=Mojikyō Institute}}</ref><ref group="note">See the screenshots on [http://mojikyo.org the official website]</ref> In order for {{mono|MOCHRMAP.EXE}} to work, all {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} fonts must be installed.<ref group="note">Into the system fonts directory {{Mono|C:\Windows\Fonts}}.</ref>

== Encoding ==
When referring to a character encoded in {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}}, the format MJXXXXXX is often used, similar to the U+XXXX format used for Unicode. For example, ''hentaigana'' {{unichar|1b008}} has {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} encoding MJ090007 and Unicode encoding U+1B008.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:MJ文字情報一覧表|trans-title=Table of MJ Character Encodings|url=http://mojikiban.ipa.go.jp/xb164/|access-date=2020-07-05|publisher=Information Technology Promotion Agency|lang=ja|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929194705/http://mojikiban.ipa.go.jp/xb164/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A difference, however, is that {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} encodings displayed this way are [[Decimal|decimal]], while Unicode's U+ encoding is [[Hexadecimal|hexadecimal]].

From the earliest days of Unicode, {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} has both influenced—and been influenced by—the standard. Glyphs originating from {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} first appear in a proposal to the [[Ideographic Rapporteur Group]] (IRG),<ref group="note">As of 2019, the IRG rebranded as the Ideographic Research Group.</ref> which is responsible for maintaining all CJK blocks in Unicode,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Unicode Standard Annex #45: U-source Ideographs|url=https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr45/|work=The Unicode Standard|publisher=Unicode Consortium}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=March 2020|title=Appendix E: Han Unification History|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/appE.pdf|work=The Unicode Standard|publisher=Unicode Consortium}}</ref> on 18 April 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CJK Extension C1 From Japan|url=https://appsrv.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~irg/n0801-0900.html|publisher=[[Ideographic Rapporteur Group]]|via=The Chinese University of Hong Kong's Department of Computer Science and Engineering|id=IRG#19 N895|quote={{mono|N895-Japan_C1}}}}</ref> In May 2007, {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} played a minor role in an eventually successful series of proposals to encode the [[Social:Tangut script|Tangut script]] in Unicode;<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Richard|url=http://unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3297.pdf|title=Proposal to encode Tangut characters in UCS Plane 1|date=2007-05-09|publisher=UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative|pages=4|id=L2/07-143|via=[[Organization:Unicode Consortium|Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref><ref group="note">The history of the encoding of the Tangut script is quite complicated, see {{Format linkr|Tangut_(Unicode_block)#History}} for a full listing of all the related proposals and a timeline.</ref> {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} already had within its encoding 6,000 Tangut characters by October 2002.<ref name=":2" />

The Unicode Standard's Unihan Database refers to {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} as the "Japanese KOKUJI Collection" ({{Lang|ja|日本国字集}}),<ref name="UAX38">{{Citation |title=Unicode Standard Annex #38 |date=2020-03-05 |url=https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr38/index.html |editor-last=Jenkins |editor-first=John H. |chapter=kIRG JSource |chapter-url=https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr38/index.html#kIRG_JSource |publisher=[[Organization:Unicode Consortium|Unicode Consortium]] |ref={{harvid|UAX38}} |editor2-last=Cook |editor2-first=Richard |editor3-last=Lunde |editor3-first=Ken}}</ref> abbreviated "JK".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kobayashi |first=Tatsuo |date=2001-12-03 |title=List of Japanese Ideographs which may be proposed in Extension-C |url=https://appsrv.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~irg/irg/irg18/IRG18.htm |id=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2/IRG N853}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> For example, {{Unichar|2b679}},<ref group="note">Ideographic Description Sequence: <span style="line-height:.75em;font-size:125%;">{{Lang|zh|⿰魚嵐}}</span></ref> an ideograph read in Japanese as {{Nihongo3|{{literally|[[Earth:Blizzard|blizzard]]}}|ブリザード|burizādo}}, has a J-Source<ref group="note">This is a column name in the Unihan database; ⟨J⟩ here is short for "Japanese glyph source". The full name of the column is {{Code|kIRG_JSource}}. Under [[Han unification]], there are nine such sources. See §3.1 of UAX38}}|UAX#38 for a complete list and more information.</ref> equal to JK-66038. All Unicode characters with a JK-prefixed J-Source originate from {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}}.<ref name=":1">{{Cite twitter|number=1280291832593670145|user=ken_lunde|title=JK-prefixed J-Source ideographs came from 今昔文字鏡, which are in Extensions C and E (the mention of Extension D was simply that what became Extension E was originally targeted to become Extension D).|author=Ken Lunde|date=2020-07-06|access-date=2020-07-06|author-link=Ken Lunde|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707001005/https://twitter.com/ken_lunde/status/1280291832593670145|archive-date=Jul 7, 2020}}</ref><ref group="note">Other J-Source prefixes exist, such as J4, meaning the character originates from JIS X 0213:2004.</ref> According to Ken Lunde, a subject matter expert in character encodings and [[Social:East Asian languages|East Asian languages]], as of Unicode 13.0, 782 ideographs in Unicode originate from {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}}, split somewhat evenly between two [[Unicode block|blocks]]: [[CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C]], with 367, and [[CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E]], with 415.<ref name=":4">{{Cite twitter|number=1280285758385827842|user=ken_lunde|title=In particular, all 782 JK-prefixed ideographs are indeed from 今昔文字鏡 per IRG N862. Most were encoded in #ExtensionC, and the stragglers were encoded in #ExtensionE..|author=Ken Lunde|date=2020-07-06|author-link=Ken Lunde|access-date=2020-07-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite twitter|number=1280314296799424519|user=ken_lunde|title=367 JK-prefixed ideographs are in Extension C, and the remaining 415 are in Extension E..|author=Ken Lunde|date=2020-07-06|author-link=Ken Lunde|access-date=2020-07-06}}</ref> Not all Unicode characters with {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} origins (JK-prefixed J-Sources) have the same representative glyph in the [[List of Unicode characters|code chart]] as in the {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} font;<ref group="note">That is to say, a glyph made up of the same [[Social:Radical (Chinese characters)|radicals]] in the same positions.</ref> some characters had their shapes changed before final encoding, as investigation showed the shapes assigned by the Mojikyō Institute were wrong.<ref name=":0" /><ref group="note" name=":1">Errors in large collections of ideographs are, of course, not uncommon. Such errors even accidentally occur in well funded government-produced collections, such as the famous [[JIS X 0208#Kanji from unknown sources|kanji from unknown sources]] in the [[Organization:Japanese Industrial Standards Committee|Japanese Industrial Standards Committee]]'s [[JIS X 0208]] double-byte character encoding standard. All of these JIS X 0208 error kanji ([[Ghost characters]], {{lang|ja|幽霊文字}}; e.g., {{lang|ja|彁}}) have made their way into Unicode despite not being "real" kanji.</ref>

=== Blocks ===
{{As of|2006|9}} it encoded 174,975 characters.<ref name=":2" /> Among those, 150,366 characters then belonged to the extended CJKV<ref name=":0" group="note" /> family.<ref name="2010MOJIKYO" /> Many of the encoded characters are considered obsolete or otherwise obscure, and are not encoded by any other character set, including the international standard, Unicode. Each {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} character has a unique number, and the characters are organized into blocks.

{{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} puts CJKV characters in different blocks according to their traditional [[Kangxi radical|''Kangxi'' radical]]. Common radicals containing an especially high number of characters, such as Radicals 9 ({{Lang|ja|人}}) and 162 ({{Lang|ja|⻌}}), are split further by stroke order.<ref group="note">For proof, see the list in the Mojikyō Character Map, {{Mono|MOCHRMAP.EXE}}.</ref>

=== No unification ===
Unlike Unicode, {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} purposely avoids [[Han unification]]; no attempt at compactness of the encoding is made, nor is there an attempt to keep all common characters below U+FFFF as there is in Unicode. 

Unicode, on the other hand, sorts its CJK into blocks based on how common they are: the most common are generally put into the Basic Multilingual Plane,<ref name=":1" group="note" /> while those that are rare or obscure are put into the [[Plane (Unicode)#Supplementary Multilingual Plane|Supplementary Planes]].

For example, Radical 9 has two characters where Unicode has one: MJ054435 ({{Lang|zh-CN|令}}), and MJ059031 ({{Lang|ja|令}}), both represented in Unicode as {{unichar|4EE4|size=100%}}.

== License ==
{{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} is [[Proprietary software|proprietary software]] under a restrictive license. Originally, the Mojikyō Institute tried to prevent its character data from being used, and threatened those who published conversion tables to and from its character set. In July 2010, the Mojikyō Institute abandoned its legal efforts to stop at least one Japanese user from publishing conversion tables or converting characters encoded in {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} to Unicode or other character sets.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-07-21|title=終戦宣言|trans-title=Announcement: The War is Over|url=https://www.seiwatei.net/info/endwar.htm|access-date=2020-07-07|language=ja|edition=28 January 2016|script-website=ja:青蛙亭漢語塾|trans-website=Seiwatei's Kanji Cram School}}</ref> Mere data, sometimes including the shapes of letters, are considered in many jurisdictions to be [[Social:Public domain|common property]] as they do not meet the threshold of originality.<ref group="note">See also: fictitious entry; [[Earth:Trap street|trap street]].</ref>

Due to this legacy, however, {{ill|GlyphWiki|ja}} disallowed {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Mojikyō}} data as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=データ・記事のライセンス|trans-title=License of our data and articles|url=http://glyphwiki.org/wiki/GlyphWiki:%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E8%A8%98%E4%BA%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9|access-date=2020-07-06|website=GlyphWiki|quote=今昔文字鏡およびその関連製品、データは、そのライセンス上グリフウィキには用いることができません。文字鏡番号（独自部分）および文字鏡のフォントに収録されているグリフそのもの、およびそれを参照、利用して作成していると判断できる情報は、グリフウィキに登録する際の典拠とすることはできませんので、ご協力をお願いいたします。 [''Konjaku Mojikyō'' and related products and associated data are licensed in such a way that they are incompatible with our above GlyphWiki license. Neither the number of the ''Mojikyō'' encoding slot, nor the appearance of the glyph itself in ''Mojikyō''{{'}}s fonts, nor any information whatsoever that can be judged to have been gathered by referring to a ''Mojikyō'' product, can be used when entering data into GlyphWiki. We absolutely cannot accept  ''Mojikyō'' data. Please cooperate with us.]|edition=9 June 2010}}</ref>

== Collected writing systems ==
=== Living ===
* [[Social:Chinese language|Chinese]] &mdash; Hanzi
* [[Social:Japanese language|Japanese]] &mdash; [[Social:Kanji|Kanji]], Kana (including Hentaigana)
* [[Social:Korean language|Korean]] &mdash; [[Social:Hanja|Hanja]]
* Latin alphabet with diacritics
* [[Social:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic script]] with diacritics

=== Dead or obsolete ===
* Ancient Chinese
**[[Social:Oracle bone script|Oracle bone script]]
** [[Social:Seal script|Seal script]]
* Taiwanese kana
* [[Social:Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] &mdash; [[Social:Chữ Nôm|Chữ Nôm]]
* Sanskrit &mdash; Siddhaṃ
* [[Social:Tangut script|Tangut script]]
* [[Social:Sui script|Sui script]]

== See also ==
* [[Han unification]]
* [[JIS X 0208]]
* List of CJK fonts
* [[TRON (encoding)|TRON]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
=== Notes ===
{{reflist|group=note}}

== External links ==
* {{Official}}

[[Category:Character sets]]

{{Sourceattribution|Mojikyō|1}}