View source for Unsolved:Salon-de-Provence

{{short description|Commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Salon-de-Provence
|native name        = {{native name|oc|Selon de Provença}}
|commune status     = Commune
|image              = Salon-de-Provence.JPG
|caption            = A view of Salon-de-Provence, with the church and clock tower
|image coat of arms = Blason de la ville de Salon-de-Provence (13).svg
|arrondissement     = Aix-en-Provence
|canton             = Salon-de-Provence-1 and 2
|INSEE              = 13103
|postal code        = 13300
|mayor              = Nicolas Isnard<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=6 June 2023|language=fr}}</ref>
|term               = 2020&ndash;2026
|party              = LR
|intercommunality   = Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis
|coordinates        = {{coord|43.6406|5.0972|format=dms|display=title}}
|elevation m        = 
|elevation min m    = 53
|elevation max m    = 325
|area km2           = 70.3
|population         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population demonym     = ''Salonais, salonaise'' ([[Social:French language|French]])<br>''Selonenc, selonenca'' (Occitan)
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}

'''Salon-de-Provence''' ({{IPA-fr|salɔ̃ d(ə) pʁɔvɑ̃s}}, {{IPA-frdia|saˈlɔ̃ᵑ də pχoˈvãⁿsə|locally}}; {{lang-oc|label=Provençal Occitan|Selon de Provença/Seloun de Provènço}}, {{IPA-oc|seˈlu de pʀuˈvɛnsɔ|}}), commonly known as '''Salon''', is a commune located about {{cvt|52|km}} northwest of Marseille in the Bouches-du-Rhône department (Metropolis of Aix-Marseille Provence), region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Southern France. It is the home of an important French Air and Space Force (''Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace'') air base.

==History==
Salon was a Gallo-Roman [[History:Oppidum|oppidum]] well positioned on the salt trade routes between [[Place:Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]], [[Earth:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and [[Place:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] seas, hence its name. This region was under the Phocaean influence since the sixth century BC, and stretches of the Via Aurelia can still be recognized just outside the town, but the earliest mention of the place under its familiar name is of the ninth century, as ''Villa Salone''. The archbishops of Arles controlled the site.

Its principal claim to fame today is as the place where [[Biography:Nostradamus|Nostradamus]] spent his last years and is buried. His dwelling is maintained as a museum, and for four days every June or July, the city celebrates its history during the time of Nostradamus, attracting tourists.

The historic center still lies within its circuit of walls, entered through two seventeenth-century gateways, the ''Porte de l'Horloge'' and the ''Port Bourg Neuf''.

In 1559 the engineer  Adam de Craponne opened the ''Canal de Craponne'' to bring fresh water from the river Durance to the town and the surrounding plain of Crau. Inexpensive freight brought commerce to Salon, and the town prospered.

==Sights==
[[File:Nostradamus house.JPG|thumb|Nostradamus house]]

===Château de l'Emperi===
The castle, which was the biggest in Provence during the 12th and 13th centuries and was mentioned as early as the tenth, still dominates the old town. It was the preferred residence of the bishops of Arles, when Provence was part of the [[Religion:Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Empire]], hence its name. It became the property of the city after the {{wipe|French Revolution}}. After damage caused by the 1909 earthquake, it has been restored and now hosts a museum of military history. Every summer, it hosts an international classical music festival.

===Fontaine Moussue===
The fountain in Place Crousillat has existed since the 16th century. During the 20th century, limestone concretions and vegetation developed, giving the familiar mushroom aspect.

===St Michel Chapel===
Built during the 13th century, this chapel boasts a remarkable Romanesque [[Engineering:Tympanum (architecture)|tympanum]] featuring the [[Religion:Lamb of God|paschal lamb]].

===Collégiale Saint Laurent===
The current edifice was erected during 15th century by Cardinal Louis Aleman, who was then bishop of Arles.

===Salon-de-Provence Air Base===
Salon-de-Provence Air Base is the site of the French Air Force Academy, as well as the home of the French Aerial Demonstration team, the Patrouille de France.

===Market===
Every Wednesday the Place Morgan is host to a Provençal market.

== Culture ==
Each summer, the Château de l'Empéri hosts a festival of chamber music.

Some years the Château is the venue for ''Nostradamiques'' &ndash; an historical re-enactment of the time of Nostradamus which includes processions and a transformation of the old medieval downtown. One such re-enactment was performed by the television presenter Jean-Pierre Foucault. In 2006 Robert Hossein compered the closing ceremony of the re-enactment.

==Personalities==
* [[Biography:Abba Mari ben Eligdor|Abba Mari ben Eligdor]] (fl.1335), distinguished Talmudist, philosopher, resident 14th Century
* [[Biography:Nostradamus|Nostradamus]] (1503–1566), resident 1547–66, place of death
* Adam de Craponne (1526–1576), engineer, born in Salon
* Miquèu Tronc (16th century), Occitan language writer
* [[Biography:Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet|Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet]] (1720–1778), French botanist and explorer, birthplace
* Joan Montseny (1864-1942), Catalan anarchist, place of death
* Charles Trenet (1913-2001), French singer, resident for military reasons, 1939–1940
* Romain Gary (1914–1980), French novelist and pilot, learnt to fly with military in Salon-de-Provence before Nazi occupation of France
* Patrick Baudry (1946-), and Léopold Eyharts (1957-), French [[Astronaut|astronaut]]s, military training
* [[Biography:Daniel Goossens|Daniel Goossens]] (1954-), Cartoonist, birthplace
* Christine Boisson (1956-), French actor, birthplace
* Franck Esposito (1971-), French swimmer, birthplace
* Michaël N'dri (1984-), footballer, birthplace and early Football career
* Mathieu Arzeno (1987-), racing driver, birthplace
*Simon Porte Jacquemus (1990-), Fashion Designer<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jacquemus.com/simon/|title=Simon - JACQUEMUS {{!}} Official website|work=JACQUEMUS {{!}} Official website|access-date=2018-07-26|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Nassourdine Imavov (1995-), MMA fighter, former resident
* Sakina Karchaoui (1996-), footballer for Paris Saint-Germain and the France national team

==Twin towns – sister cities==
Salon-de-Provence is twinned with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Villes jumelles|url=http://www.visitsalondeprovence.com/salon-de-provence/villes-jumelles|website=visitsalondeprovence.com|publisher=Salon-de-Provence|language=fr|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Blanzy-la-Salonnaise, France
*{{flagicon|ESP}} Aranda de Duero, Spain
*{{flagicon|ITA}} Gubbio, Italy
*{{flagicon|ENG}} Huntingdon, England, United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|ENG}} Godmanchester, England, United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|HUN}} Szentendre, Hungary
*{{flagicon|GER}} Wertheim am Main, Germany

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Emperi.jpg|Château de l'Empéri courtyard
Image:Fontaine Moussue.jpg|Fontaine Moussue by night
Image:StMichel.jpg|St Michel, inside
Image:Tympanum, Eglise St-Michel, Salon-de-Provence.JPG|[[Engineering:Tympanum (architecture)|Tympanum]], Eglise St-Michel
Image:Salon Saint Laurent.jpg|Collégiale Saint Laurent, after 2008/2009 restorations
Image:Jardin de la République, Salon-de-Provence.JPG|Jardin de la République
Image:Sausages,_Wednesday_market,__Salon-de-Provence.JPG|Sausages, market at Place Morgan
Image:Mushrooms,_Wednesday_market,__Salon-de-Provence.JPG|Mushrooms, market at Place Morgan
Image:Paella,_Wednesday_market,__Salon-de-Provence.JPG|Paella, market at Place Morgan
</gallery>

==Population==

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|35182|Salon-de-Provence}}</ref> and INSEE (1968-2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-13103#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |6787
|1800 |5100
|1806 |5167
|1821 |5864
|1831 |5987
|1836 |5793
|1841 |5617
|1846 |6355
|1851 |6564
|1856 |7057
|1861 |6533
|1866 |6714
|1872 |7522
|1876 |7021
|1881 |7503
|1886 |8598
|1891 |9152
|1896 |10936
|1901 |12872
|1906 |14050
|1911 |14019
|1921 |13155
|1926 |12900
|1931 |13193
|1936 |13482
|1946 |15826
|1954 |17597
|1962 |21393
|1968 |30722
|1975 |34576
|1982 |34846
|1990 |34064
|1999 |37079
|2007 |40943
|2012 |43771
|2017 |45528
}}

==Climate==
<div style="width:82%;">
{{Weather box
|location = Salon-de-Provence (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1939–present)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 20.8
|Feb record high C = 22.8
|Mar record high C = 25.7
|Apr record high C = 29.2
|May record high C = 34.4
|Jun record high C = 43.4
|Jul record high C = 39.7
|Aug record high C = 39.3
|Sep record high C = 34.8
|Oct record high C = 30.1
|Nov record high C = 24.2
|Dec record high C = 22.0
|year record high C = 43.4
|Jan high C = 11.0
|Feb high C = 12.4
|Mar high C = 15.7
|Apr high C = 18.4
|May high C = 22.8
|Jun high C = 26.9
|Jul high C = 30.2
|Aug high C = 29.7
|Sep high C = 25.3
|Oct high C = 20.6
|Nov high C = 14.6
|Dec high C = 11.4
|year high C = 20.0
|Jan mean C = 6.0
|Feb mean C = 7.0
|Mar mean C = 9.9
|Apr mean C = 12.6
|May mean C = 16.7
|Jun mean C = 20.6
|Jul mean C = 23.6
|Aug mean C = 23.2
|Sep mean C = 19.4
|Oct mean C = 15.4
|Nov mean C = 10.0
|Dec mean C = 6.8
|year mean C = 14.3
|Jan low C = 1.1
|Feb low C = 1.6
|Mar low C = 4.1
|Apr low C = 6.8
|May low C = 10.6
|Jun low C = 14.3
|Jul low C = 17.0
|Aug low C = 16.8
|Sep low C = 13.5
|Oct low C = 10.2
|Nov low C = 5.3
|Dec low C = 2.2
|year low C = 8.7
|Jan record low C = -14.3
|Feb record low C = -18.5
|Mar record low C = -9.4
|Apr record low C = -3.0
|May record low C = -0.9
|Jun record low C = 4.2
|Jul record low C = 7.6
|Aug record low C = 7.7
|Sep record low C = 3.1
|Oct record low C = -3.6
|Nov record low C = -7.6
|Dec record low C = -14.4
|year record low C = -18.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 51.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 35.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 35.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 57.5
|May precipitation mm = 48.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 26.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 10.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 33.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 77.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 85.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 66.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 50.7
|year precipitation mm = 579.3
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 5.2
|Feb precipitation days = 4.8
|Mar precipitation days = 4.5
|Apr precipitation days = 6.3
|May precipitation days = 5.2
|Jun precipitation days = 3.2
|Jul precipitation days = 1.5
|Aug precipitation days = 3.0
|Sep precipitation days = 4.8
|Oct precipitation days = 6.5
|Nov precipitation days = 6.2
|Dec precipitation days = 5.5
|year precipitation days = 56.6
|Jan snow days = 0.6
|Feb snow days = 0.5
|Mar snow days = 0.2
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.2
|Dec snow days = 0.9
|year snow days = 2.4
|Jan humidity = 75
|Feb humidity = 73
|Mar humidity = 68
|Apr humidity = 67
|May humidity = 67
|Jun humidity = 65
|Jul humidity = 61
|Aug humidity = 64
|Sep humidity = 72
|Oct humidity = 76
|Nov humidity = 77
|Dec humidity = 77
|year humidity = 70.2
|source 1 = Meteo France<ref name=MFclimat1>{{cite web
| url = http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/salon-de-provence/13103001/normales
| title = Données climatiques de la station de Salon-de-Provence
| publisher = Meteo France
| language = fr
| access-date = January 14, 2016
| archive-date = July 17, 2019
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190717114051/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/salon-de-provence/13103001/normales
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref name=MFclimat2>{{cite web
| url = http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/provence-alpes-cote-dazur/regi93/normales
| title = Climat Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
| publisher = Meteo France
| language = fr
| access-date = January 14, 2016
| archive-date = December 15, 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181215224134/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/provence-alpes-cote-dazur/regi93/normales
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180405174609/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_13103001.pdf
| archive-date = 5 April 2018
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_13103001.pdf
| title = Salon de Provence (13)
| work = Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records
| publisher = Meteo France
| language = fr
| access-date = 5 April 2018}}</ref>
|source 2 = Infoclimat.fr (humidity, snowy days 1961–1990)<ref name=Infoclimat>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114736/http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07648-salon-de-provence.html
| archive-date = March 4, 2016
| url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07648-salon-de-provence.html
| title = Normes et records 1961-1990: Salon de Provence (13) - altitude 59m
| language = fr
| publisher = Infoclimat
| access-date = January 14, 2016}}</ref>
}}
</div>

==See also==
* Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{EB1911 poster|Salon}}
* [http://www.salon-de-provence.fr/ Official website]
* [http://www.festival-salon.fr/ International Salon-de-Provence Music Festival : 'Musique à l'Emperi']



{{DEFAULTSORT:Salondeprovence}}
[[Category:Nostradamus]]

{{Sourceattribution|Salon-de-Provence}}