View source for WP:Automated taxobox system/intro

{{hatnote|This is a brief introduction to the "automated taxobox system". It is not a "how-to" guide.<br>Those familiar with the system prior to mid-2016 are advised to read [[WP:Automated taxobox system/notes|Notes for "old hands"]].}}
{{Autotaxobox system navbox}}

==Introduction to the automated taxobox system==

===What is it?===
Articles about organisms have a special kind of [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|infobox]] called a "taxobox". Taxoboxes display the "taxonomic hierarchy". ("Taxon" is a general term for a named group of organisms, such as a subspecies, a species, a family, an order, etc.) The taxonomic hierarchy shows the location of the taxon within a particular classification system; e.g. for a genus, it may show its family, order, etc. up to kingdom.

The taxonomic hierarchy in a taxobox can be created manually by using the {{tl|Taxobox}} template. Each manual taxobox must specify the complete taxonomic hierarchy to be displayed. However, this results in a great deal of redundancy. {{As of|2020|May}}, there were more than 80 articles on the species of ''[[Mammillaria]]''. Using the manual Taxobox template means that it has to be repeated over 80 times that the genus ''Mammillaria'' is in the family Cactaceae, which is in the order Caryophyllales, and so on up to Kingdom Plantae. Any one of the more than 80 articles could easily have a taxobox which was inconsistent with the others.

The '''automated taxobox system''' is a set of templates plus some [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] code which between them automatically generate the taxonomic hierarchy for a taxon. Thus knowing that ''Mammillaria tetrancistra'' is in the genus ''Mammillaria'', the system can work out and display the complete hierarchy, from species up to kingdom. It can do the same for taxa at all ranks, including those below species.

(Its advantages and disadvantages are described in more detail [[#Benefits|below]].)

===How does it work?===

There are two parts to the system.
#Taxonomy templates, which act like a database, storing taxonomic hierarchies. Taxonomy templates don't produce any visible output by themselves. They simply store information.
#Automated taxobox templates (autotaxobox templates), which display a visible taxobox, complete with a taxonomic hierarchy automatically created from the taxonomy templates.

====Taxonomy templates====

The taxonomy templates are pages with titles of the general form "Template:Taxonomy/''taxon''" where ''taxon'' represents the name of the taxon. To show that a plant genus with the nonsense name ''Junkia'' is in the family ''Junkiaceae'', you would create a page with the title "Template:Taxonomy/Junkia". When finished, the page would look something like this:

<pre>{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}}
|rank=genus
|link=Junkia
|parent=Junkiaceae
|...
}}</pre>

The first line never changes. The rest says that ''Junkia'' (the last part of the name of the page) has the taxonomic rank "genus". When displayed in a taxobox, the word "Junkia" should link to the page with the title "Junkia". The parent taxon of "Junkia" is "Junkiaceae". Then to connect up Junkiaceae, you would need to create a page with the title "Template:Taxonomy/Junkiaceae" which gave the rank, link and parent of Junkiaceae. This process would be continued until you found that the relevant template already existed.

A large number of taxonomy templates have already been created, so that for a real genus it's likely that the relevant templates are already there, or at most the genus template needs to be created.

====Automated taxobox templates====

The automated taxobox templates use the taxonomy templates to show a taxonomic hierarchy in a taxobox. {{As of|2018|December}}, there were eight top-level display templates, including:
#[[Template:Automatic taxobox]] is used for taxa at the rank of genus and above.<ref name=Note1/>
#[[Template:Speciesbox]] is used for species. Species don't normally need to be connected to their parent genus via their own taxonomy templates because the genus name is part of the name of the species, so the system doesn't normally need to be told the parent of a species. Hence there aren't usually any templates with names of the form "Template:Taxonomy/''genus'' ''species''" and species and lower ranks need to be handled a little differently from higher ranked taxa.
#[[Template:Subspeciesbox]] is used for subspecies whose names are governed by the zoological code ([[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature|ICZN]]). This provides for three-part names (trinomials) without a "connecting term" (e.g. ''Junkia communis communis'').
#[[Template:Infraspeciesbox]] is used for ranks below species (e.g. subspecies, varieties) whose names are governed by the botanical code ([[International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants|ICNafp]]). This provides for three-part names with a connecting term (e.g. ''Junkia communis'' subsp. ''communis'' or ''Junkia communis'' var. ''communis'').
#[[Template:Hybridbox]] is used for animals that are hybrids within the same genus, so have scientific names of the form ''Panthera tigris'' × ''P. leo''. (Plant hybrids are usually given a single nothospecific epithet, so Speciesbox can be used).
#[[Template:Virusbox]] is used instead of the other templates for all virus taxa.

These templates are alternatives to the manual Taxobox template, and require less information. Thus, <em>provided that the taxonomy templates already existed</em>, an article whose title was ''Felis'' and which was about the animal genus ''Felis'' could use a template like the following:
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ''Felis''<!--needed because this is not on the page called "Felis"-->
| taxon = Felis
}}
<div style="width:36em;"><pre><nowiki>{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Felis
}}</nowiki></pre></div>
which generates the taxobox shown on the right.

Notice how the ranks above the specified "target taxon", the genus ''Felis'', have been supplied automatically in the taxobox, using the taxonomy templates.<ref name=Note2/>

In a real use, other parameters would also be needed, e.g. to supply an image and a caption for it, or to supply an authority for the genus name.
{{clear}}

For a species, such as ''Felis chaus'', a template like this could be used:
{{Speciesbox
| taxon = Felis chaus
}}
<div style="width:36em;"><pre><nowiki>{{Speciesbox
| taxon = Felis chaus
}}</nowiki></pre></div>
which generates the taxobox shown on the right.

==Why use the system?==
{{anchor|benefits}}

===Benefits===
The benefits of the automated taxobox system are as follows:
*Less research is required when adding a taxobox to an article. Usually only one or two taxa will need to be researched, since an automated taxobox pulls already existing information about the upper-level taxa from its database.
*When a taxonomic revision occurs (which happens all the time), the taxoboxes for all members of the affected taxa (provided they are using an automated taxobox already) are updated automatically with as little as a single edit.
*Out-of-date taxonomies on Wikipedia articles using automated taxoboxes are less likely.
*Taxonomies can be normalized more easily across a given Wikipedia.
*Vandals not familiar with automated taxoboxes are less likely to disrupt fully transcluded taxonomies.
*[[:Category:Automatic taxobox cleanup]] and other tracking categories automatically track several types of error, making structural vandalism and misguided editing easy to track down.
*The code takes up less space in the editing window, making it easier to find the head of an article.

===Costs===
There are some costs:
*There's a minor increase in the time taken for a page to save due to the larger amount of data being processed in generating the taxobox.
*Timely vandalism spotting is more difficult because few people watch any given taxonomy template.
*Vandalism is more exposed across Wikipedia due to transclusions of taxonomy templates.
*Editors who wish to edit the taxonomy may be discouraged by the steeper learning curve.
*Representing special cases requires more detailed knowledge of the system.

==What next?==

If you want to use the automated taxobox system, there's a lot of documentation available. ''Many'' more facilities exist than are discussed here.

* [[WP:Automated taxobox system]] is the main resource; it starts with a table of contents, linking to explanations of how to create and use the various parts of the system.
* All virus taxa are handled by {{tl|Virusbox}}; <em>all the other automated taxobox templates are only used for non-virus taxa</em>.
* {{tl|Speciesbox/doc}} explains how to create taxoboxes for species.
* {{tl|Automatic taxobox/doc}} explains how to create taxoboxes for ranks above species (and special cases).
* {{tl|Subspeciesbox/doc}} and {{tl|Infraspeciesbox/doc}} explain how to create taxoboxes for ranks below species (e.g. subspecies). The first is for animals, the second for plants (names regulated by the botanical code).
* {{tl|Hybridbox/doc}} explains how to create taxoboxes for animal hybrids within the same genus.

==Notes==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=Note1>It can be useful to divide up large genera by using ranks between species and genus, e.g. subgenus or section. In this case:
* there may be a taxonomy template at the species name, specifying the parent taxon
* in which case, {{tl|Automatic taxobox}} has to be used to create and display the taxobox, because {{tl|Speciesbox}} works by looking up the parent of the genus. The same would apply for a rank below species level.
However, there are other ways of handling such cases.</ref>

<ref name=Note2>If the Automatic taxobox template is placed on the page whose title is exactly "Felis", then even the <tt>taxon = </tt> line can be omitted, as the name of the taxon will be picked up from the title of the page. However, <em>this practice is deprecated</em>. Specifying the taxon parameter documents the taxobox and ensures that it remains correct if the page is moved.</ref>
}}

[[Category:Wikipedia automated taxobox documentation]]