Engineering:Athanor: Difference between revisions
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In [[Philosophy:Alchemy|alchemy]], an '''athanor''' is a furnace used to provide a uniform and constant heat for [[Chemistry:Digestion (alchemy)|alchemical digestion]]. | |||
In [[Philosophy:Alchemy|alchemy]], an '''athanor''' | |||
The athanor was also called ''' | The first mention of an ''athanor'' is in the ''Life of Apollonius of Tyana'', an allegorical description is given of an occult hill named "Athanor".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stratford |first1=Jordan |last2=Kupperman |first2=Jeffrey S. |title=A Dictionary of Western Alchemy |date=2014 |publisher=Quest Books |isbn=978-0-8356-3033-7 |page=11 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Dictionary_of_Western_Alchemy/MRBcBgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Life+of+Apollonius+of+Tyana+athanor&pg=PA11 |language=en}}</ref> A [[Engineering:Tandoor|tandoor]] is a [[Engineering:Clay oven|clay oven]] and variations of this word appeared via [[Social:Middle Persian|Middle Persian]] from the [[Social:Akkadian language|Akkadian language]]. The use of the term ''athanor'' originates in [[Chemistry:Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world|alchemy in the medieval Islamic world]], which used {{langx|ar|التنور|at-tannūr}},<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cotnoir |first1=Brian |title=Practical Alchemy: A Guide to the Great Work |date=2021 |publisher=Weiser Books |isbn=978-1-63341-225-5 |page=52 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Practical_Alchemy/d-T7DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=athanor+alchemy&pg=PA52 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Shojaeddin |first1=Shafa |title=De Persia a la España musulmana: la historia recuperada |date=2016 |publisher=Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Huelva Universidad de Huelva |isbn=978-84-16621-46-0 |page=336 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/DE_PERSIA_A_LA_ESPA%C3%91A_MUSULMANA/W3seDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=tandoor+athanor&pg=PA336 |language=es}}</ref> from which the design portrayed evidently descends. | ||
The athanor was also called the '''piger Henricus''' "Slow Henry" in [[Social:Latin|Latin]] because it was chiefly used for slower operations, and because once filled with coals, it would keep burning for a long time. For this reason the [[Finance:Greeks|Greeks]] referred to it as "giving no trouble", as it did not need to be continually attended. It was also called the '''philosophical furnace''', '''furnace of arcana''', or popularly the '''tower furnace'''.<ref>{{1728}} [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/HistSciTech/HistSciTech-idx?type=turn&entity=HistSciTech000900240206&isize=L]</ref> | |||
==Other references== | ==Other references== | ||
"Athanor" is the name of two works by 20th-century German artist Anselm Kiefer: one currently displayed in the Toledo Museum of Art and the other commissioned by the Louvre in 2007 and displayed there. The word was also used the title of a 1968 book of poetry by the Romanian author Gellu Naum, a musical work for orchestra by French composer Joël-François Durand (written in 2001 and premiered by the BBC Symphony Orchestra in 2003), a 1990s noel series by American author Jane Lindskold, a photo collage by Romanian artist Geta Brătescu (b. 1926), and an artwork by Janet Saad-Cook located at Boston University Photonics Center. | |||
"Athanor" is the name of two works by 20th century German artist Anselm Kiefer: one currently displayed in the Toledo Museum of Art and the other commissioned by the Louvre | |||
The Athanor Academy | The Athanor Academy, founded in 1995 in the German town of Passau, is named after this furnace, as is the Belgian {{Interlanguage link multi|Athanor Loge|nl}}, a masonic lodge. | ||
The ''Athanor'' magazine is a review of language philosophy, history, and international politics, published once or twice a year. | The ''Athanor'' magazine is a review of language philosophy, history, and international politics, published once or twice a year. | ||
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*[http://www.mountainman.com.au/a_tyana0.html The Life of Apollonius of Tyana] - by Philostratus; selection of extracts from the translation of F. C. Conybeare, including translator's introduction (1912) | *[http://www.mountainman.com.au/a_tyana0.html The Life of Apollonius of Tyana] - by Philostratus; selection of extracts from the translation of F. C. Conybeare, including translator's introduction (1912) | ||
{{Alchemy|state=expanded}} | |||
{{Islamic alchemy and chemistry}} | |||
[[Category:Alchemical tools]] | [[Category:Alchemical tools]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:41, 30 September 2025
In alchemy, an athanor is a furnace used to provide a uniform and constant heat for alchemical digestion.
The first mention of an athanor is in the Life of Apollonius of Tyana, an allegorical description is given of an occult hill named "Athanor".[1] A tandoor is a clay oven and variations of this word appeared via Middle Persian from the Akkadian language. The use of the term athanor originates in alchemy in the medieval Islamic world, which used Arabic: التنور, romanized: at-tannūr,[2][3] from which the design portrayed evidently descends.
The athanor was also called the piger Henricus "Slow Henry" in Latin because it was chiefly used for slower operations, and because once filled with coals, it would keep burning for a long time. For this reason the Greeks referred to it as "giving no trouble", as it did not need to be continually attended. It was also called the philosophical furnace, furnace of arcana, or popularly the tower furnace.[4]
Other references
"Athanor" is the name of two works by 20th-century German artist Anselm Kiefer: one currently displayed in the Toledo Museum of Art and the other commissioned by the Louvre in 2007 and displayed there. The word was also used the title of a 1968 book of poetry by the Romanian author Gellu Naum, a musical work for orchestra by French composer Joël-François Durand (written in 2001 and premiered by the BBC Symphony Orchestra in 2003), a 1990s noel series by American author Jane Lindskold, a photo collage by Romanian artist Geta Brătescu (b. 1926), and an artwork by Janet Saad-Cook located at Boston University Photonics Center.
The Athanor Academy, founded in 1995 in the German town of Passau, is named after this furnace, as is the Belgian Athanor Loge, a masonic lodge.
The Athanor magazine is a review of language philosophy, history, and international politics, published once or twice a year.
References
- ↑ Stratford, Jordan; Kupperman, Jeffrey S. (2014) (in en). A Dictionary of Western Alchemy. Quest Books. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8356-3033-7. https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Dictionary_of_Western_Alchemy/MRBcBgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Life+of+Apollonius+of+Tyana+athanor&pg=PA11.
- ↑ Cotnoir, Brian (2021) (in en). Practical Alchemy: A Guide to the Great Work. Weiser Books. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-63341-225-5. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Practical_Alchemy/d-T7DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=athanor+alchemy&pg=PA52.
- ↑ Shojaeddin, Shafa (2016) (in es). De Persia a la España musulmana: la historia recuperada. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Huelva Universidad de Huelva. p. 336. ISBN 978-84-16621-46-0. https://www.google.com/books/edition/DE_PERSIA_A_LA_ESPA%C3%91A_MUSULMANA/W3seDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=tandoor+athanor&pg=PA336.
- ↑
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chambers, Ephraim, ed (1728). "article name needed". Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (first ed.). James and John Knapton, et al. [1]
External links
- Athanor as an occult hill
- The Life of Apollonius of Tyana - by Philostratus; selection of extracts from the translation of F. C. Conybeare, including translator's introduction (1912)
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