Biology:Chionomesa: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Amazilia lactea-4.jpg
| image_caption = [[Biology:Sapphire-spangled emerald|Sapphire-spangled emerald]], (''Chionomesa lactea'')
| taxon = Chionomesa
| authority = Simon, 1921
| type_species = ''Ornismya lactea'' ([[Biology:Sapphire-spangled emerald|sapphire-spangled emerald]])
| type_species_authority = Lesson, R., 1832
| subdivision_ranks = [[Biology:Species|Species]]
| subdivision = 2, see text
}}
'''''Chionomesa''''' is a [[Biology:Genus|genus]] of South American hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae.
'''''Chionomesa''''' is a [[Biology:Genus|genus]] of South American hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae.


==Species==
==Species==
The genus contains two species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Hummingbirds | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=7 January 2020 }}</ref>
The genus contains two species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Hummingbirds | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=7 January 2020 }}</ref>
*[[Biology:Glittering-throated emerald|Glittering-throated emerald]], ''Chionomesa fimbriata''
{{Species table |genus= Chionomesa |authority-name=Simon |authority-year=1921 |species-count=two|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}
*[[Biology:Sapphire-spangled emerald|Sapphire-spangled emerald]], ''Chionomesa lactea''
 
{{Species table/row
|name=[[Biology:Glittering-throated emerald|Glittering-throated emerald]] |binomial=Chionomesa fimbriata
|image=File:BEIJA-FLOR-DE-GARGANTA-VERDE (Amazilia fimbriata).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Gmelin, JF, |authority-year=1788 |authority-not-original=yes
|range=  Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, the Guianas, Peru, Trinidad and Venezuela
|range-image=File:Amazilia fimbriata map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Seven subspecies |bullets=on
| ''C. f. elegantissima'' <small>(Todd, 1942)</small>
| ''C. f. fimbriata'' <small>(Gmelin, J.F., 1788)</small>
| ''C. f. apicalis'' <small>([[Biography:John Gould|Gould]], 1861)</small>
| ''C. f. fluviatilis'' <small>(Gould, 1861)</small>
| ''C. f. laeta'' <small>(Hartert, E., 1900)</small>
| ''C. f. nigricauda'' <small>(Elliot, D.G., 1878)</small>
| ''C. f. tephrocephala'' <small>(Vieillot, 1818)</small>
}}
}}
 
{{Species table/row
|name=[[Biology:Sapphire-spangled emerald|Sapphire-spangled emerald]] |binomial=Chionomesa lactea
|image=File:Beija-flor-de-peito-azul (Amazilia lactea).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Lesson, R., |authority-year= 1832|authority-not-original=yes
|range=  Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela; as a vagrant in Argentina
|range-image=File:Amazilia lactea map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Three subspecies |bullets=on
|''C. l. zimmeri'' <small>(Gilliard, 1941)</small>
|''C. l. lactea'' <small>(Lesson, R.)</small>
|''C. l. bartletti'' <small>([[Biography:John Gould|Gould]], 1866)</small>
}}
}}
{{Species table/end}}
 


These two species were formerly placed in the genus ''[[Biology:Amazilia|Amazilia]]''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J. | last2=Witt | first2=C. | last3=Remsen | first3=J.V. | last4=Corl | first4=A. | last5=Rabosky | first5=D. | last6=Altshuler | first6=D. | last7=Dudley | first7=R. | date=2014 | title=Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds | journal=Current Biology | volume=24 | issue=8 | pages=910–916 | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016 | pmid=24704078 | doi-access=free }}</ref> In the revised classification to create [[Biology:Monophyletic|monophyletic]] genera, these species were moved to the resurrected genus ''Chionomesa'' that had been introduced in 1921 by the French naturalist Eugène Simon.<ref name=ioc/><ref>{{ cite book | last=Simon | first=Eugène |  date=1921 | title=Histoire naturelle des Trochilid (Synopsis et catalogue) | language=French | location=Paris | publisher=L. Mulo | pages=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15050817 104], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15051033 320] }}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Stiles | first1=F.G. | last2=Remsen | first2=J.V. Jr. | last3=Mcguire | first3=J.A. | year=2017 | title=The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny | journal=Zootaxa | volume=4353 | issue=3 | pages=401–424 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3 | pmid=29245495 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321277435 }}</ref> The genus name combines the [[Social:Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]] ''khiōn'' meaning "snow" with ''mesos'' meaning "middle".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=101 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n101/mode/1up }}</ref> The [[Biology:Type species|type species]] was designated as the [[Biology:Sapphire-spangled emerald|sapphire-spangled emerald]] by the American ornithologist Charles Wallace Richmond in 1927.<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee |  year=1945 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=5 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts  | page=62 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480073 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | last=Richmond | first=Charles Wallace | author-link=Charles Wallace Richmond | year=1927 | title=List of generic terms proposed for birds during the years 1890 to 1900, inclusive, to which are added names omitted by Waterhouse in his "Index Generum Avium." | journal=Proceedings of the United States National Museum | volume=70 | issue=15 | pages=1–44 [8] | doi=10.5479/si.00963801.2664 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15670400 }}</ref>
These two species were formerly placed in the genus ''[[Biology:Amazilia|Amazilia]]''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J. | last2=Witt | first2=C. | last3=Remsen | first3=J.V. | last4=Corl | first4=A. | last5=Rabosky | first5=D. | last6=Altshuler | first6=D. | last7=Dudley | first7=R. | date=2014 | title=Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds | journal=Current Biology | volume=24 | issue=8 | pages=910–916 | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016 | pmid=24704078 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2014CBio...24..910M }}</ref> In the revised classification to create [[Biology:Monophyletic|monophyletic]] genera, these species were moved to the resurrected genus ''Chionomesa'' that had been introduced in 1921 by the French naturalist Eugène Simon.<ref name=ioc/><ref>{{ cite book | last=Simon | first=Eugène |  date=1921 | title=Histoire naturelle des Trochilid (Synopsis et catalogue) | language=French | location=Paris | publisher=L. Mulo | pages=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15050817 104], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15051033 320] }}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Stiles | first1=F.G. | last2=Remsen | first2=J.V. Jr. | last3=Mcguire | first3=J.A. | year=2017 | title=The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny | journal=Zootaxa | volume=4353 | issue=3 | pages=401–424 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3 | pmid=29245495 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321277435 }}</ref> The genus name combines the [[Social:Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]] ''khiōn'' meaning "snow" with ''mesos'' meaning "middle".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=101 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n101/mode/1up }}</ref> The [[Biology:Type species|type species]] was designated as the [[Biology:Sapphire-spangled emerald|sapphire-spangled emerald]] by the American ornithologist Charles Wallace Richmond in 1927.<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee |  year=1945 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=5 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts  | page=62 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480073 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | last=Richmond | first=Charles Wallace | author-link=Charles Wallace Richmond | year=1927 | title=List of generic terms proposed for birds during the years 1890 to 1900, inclusive, to which are added names omitted by Waterhouse in his "Index Generum Avium." | journal=Proceedings of the United States National Museum | volume=70 | issue=15 | pages=1–44 [8] | doi=10.5479/si.00963801.2664 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15670400 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Strisores|T.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q64359890}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q64359890}}


Latest revision as of 16:29, 12 April 2025

Chionomesa is a genus of South American hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae.

Species

The genus contains two species:[1]

Genus Chionomesa – Simon, 1921 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Glittering-throated emerald

Chionomesa fimbriata
(Gmelin, JF,, 1788)

Seven subspecies
  • C. f. elegantissima (Todd, 1942)
  • C. f. fimbriata (Gmelin, J.F., 1788)
  • C. f. apicalis (Gould, 1861)
  • C. f. fluviatilis (Gould, 1861)
  • C. f. laeta (Hartert, E., 1900)
  • C. f. nigricauda (Elliot, D.G., 1878)
  • C. f. tephrocephala (Vieillot, 1818)
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, the Guianas, Peru, Trinidad and Venezuela
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Sapphire-spangled emerald

Chionomesa lactea
(Lesson, R.,, 1832)

Three subspecies
  • C. l. zimmeri (Gilliard, 1941)
  • C. l. lactea (Lesson, R.)
  • C. l. bartletti (Gould, 1866)
Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela; as a vagrant in Argentina
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 



These two species were formerly placed in the genus Amazilia. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Amazilia was polyphyletic.[2] In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, these species were moved to the resurrected genus Chionomesa that had been introduced in 1921 by the French naturalist Eugène Simon.[1][3][4] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek khiōn meaning "snow" with mesos meaning "middle".[5] The type species was designated as the sapphire-spangled emerald by the American ornithologist Charles Wallace Richmond in 1927.[6][7]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (July 2020). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/. Retrieved 7 January 2020. 
  2. ↑ McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology 24 (8): 910–916. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016. PMID 24704078. Bibcode: 2014CBio...24..910M. 
  3. ↑ Simon, Eugène (1921) (in French). Histoire naturelle des Trochilid (Synopsis et catalogue). Paris: L. Mulo. pp. 104, 320. 
  4. ↑ Stiles, F.G.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Mcguire, J.A. (2017). "The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny". Zootaxa 4353 (3): 401–424. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3. PMID 29245495. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321277435. 
  5. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n101/mode/1up. 
  6. ↑ Peters, James Lee, ed (1945). Check-List of Birds of the World. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 62. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480073. 
  7. ↑ Richmond, Charles Wallace (1927). "List of generic terms proposed for birds during the years 1890 to 1900, inclusive, to which are added names omitted by Waterhouse in his "Index Generum Avium."". Proceedings of the United States National Museum 70 (15): 1–44 [8]. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.2664. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15670400. 

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