Biology:Hydrophylloideae: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Subfamily of plants}}
'''Hydrophylloideae''' is a subfamily of the plant family [[Biology:Boraginaceae|Boraginaceae]]. Its taxonomic position is somewhat uncertain. Traditionally, and under the [[Biology:Cronquist system|Cronquist system]], the taxon was given family rank under the name '''Hydrophyllaceae''', and treated as part of the order [[Biology:Solanales|Solanales]]. More recent systems have recognised a close relationship to the borage family, Boraginaceae, initially by placing Hydrophyllaceae and Boraginaceae together in an order [[Biology:Boraginales|Boraginales]],<ref>e.g. Gottschling, M., Hilger, H.H., Wolf, M. & Diane, N. (2001). Secondary structure of the ITS1 transcript and its application in a reconstruction of the phylogeny of Boraginales. ''Pl. Biol.'' 3: 629–636.</ref> and in the 2016 [[Biology:APG IV system|APG IV system]] by including Hydrophyllaceae in Boraginaceae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 |ref={{harvid|APG IV|2016}} |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, the placement and circumscription of Boraginaceae is still uncertain. Some sources now split off Hydrophyllaceae again (together with Namaceae).<ref name=VasiJeitWeigLueb20>{{Cite journal |last1=Vasile |first1=Maria-Anna |last2=Jeiter |first2=Julius |last3=Weigend |first3=Maximilian |last4=Luebert |first4=Federico |date=2020 |title=Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Hydrophyllaceae and Namaceae, with a special reference to ''Phacelia'' and ''Wigandia'' |journal=Systematics and Biodiversity |volume=18 |issue=8 |pages=757–770 |doi=10.1080/14772000.2020.1771471 |bibcode=2020SyBio..18..757V |name-list-style=amp |hdl=20.500.11811/11843 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/boraginalesweb.htm#Boraginaceae "Boraginaceae"]. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2024-11-11.</ref>
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Hydrophyllum occidentale.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Biology:Hydrophyllum occidentale|Hydrophyllum occidentale]]''
|taxon = Hydrophylloideae
|authority =<small>Burnett</small>
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision = See text
}}
 
'''Hydrophylloideae''' is a subfamily of the plant family [[Biology:Boraginaceae|Boraginaceae]]. Their taxonomic position is somewhat uncertain. Traditionally, and under the [[Biology:Cronquist system|Cronquist system]], they were given family rank under the name '''Hydrophyllaceae''', and treated as part of the order [[Biology:Solanales|Solanales]]. More recent systems have recognised their close relationship to the borage family, Boraginaceae, initially by placing Hydrophyllaceae and Boraginaceae together in an order [[Biology:Boraginales|Boraginales]],<ref>e.g. Gottschling, M., Hilger, H.H., Wolf, M. & Diane, N. (2001). Secondary structure of the ITS1 transcript and its application in a reconstruction of the phylogeny of Boraginales. ''Pl. Biol.'' 3: 629–636.</ref> and most recently by demoting Hydrophyllaceae to a subfamily of Boraginaceae. However the placement and circumscription of Boraginaceae is still uncertain: it is unplaced at order level, and there is some prospect of it being split up again in future.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/gentianalesweb.htm#Boraginaceae|title = Gentianales}}</ref>


Plants in this subfamily may be annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, with either a prostrate or an erect stem.  Most have a taproot.  The flowers are bisexual, and normally radial, with 5 petals and 5 stamens.  About 20 genera, containing around 300 species, are recognised; many of them are native to the western United States.{{cn|date=January 2023}}
Plants in this subfamily may be annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, with either a prostrate or an erect stem.  Most have a taproot.  The flowers are bisexual, and normally radial, with 5 petals and 5 stamens.  About 20 genera, containing around 300 species, are recognised; many of them are native to the western United States.{{cn|date=January 2023}}


The subfamily takes its name from the genus ''[[Biology:Hydrophyllum|Hydrophyllum]]'' (waterleaf).  Well known members include ''[[Biology:Emmenanthe|Emmenanthe]]'' (whispering bells), ''[[Biology:Nemophila|Nemophila]]'' (baby blue eyes) and ''[[Biology:Phacelia|Phacelia]]'' (scorpionweed).{{cn|date=January 2023}}
The subfamily takes its name from the genus ''[[Biology:Hydrophyllum|Hydrophyllum]]'' (waterleaf).  Members include ''[[Biology:Emmenanthe|Emmenanthe]]'' (whispering bells), ''[[Biology:Nemophila|Nemophila]]'' (baby blue eyes) and ''[[Biology:Phacelia|Phacelia]]'' (scorpionweed).<ref name=APweb_Hydrophyllaceae/>


==Genera==
==Genera==
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
{{As of|2024|November}}, the [[Biology:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website|Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]] accepted the family Hydrophyllaceae rather than the subfamily Hydrophylloideae, and included 12 genera:<ref name=APweb_Hydrophyllaceae>Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/genera/Hydrophyllaceaegen.html "List of Genera in Hydrophyllaceae"]. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2024-11-11.</ref>
* ''[[Biology:Codon (plant)|Codon]]''
* ''[[Biology:Draperia|Draperia]]'' <small>Torr. ex A.Gray</small>
* ''[[Biology:Draperia|Draperia]]''
* ''[[Biology:Ellisia|Ellisia]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Biology:Ellisia|Ellisia]]''
* ''[[Biology:Emmenanthe|Emmenanthe]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Biology:Emmenanthe|Emmenanthe]]''
* ''[[Biology:Eucrypta|Eucrypta]]'' <small>Nutt.</small>
* ''[[Biology:Eriodictyon|Eriodictyon]]''
* ''[[Biology:Hesperochiron|Hesperochiron]]'' <small>S.Wats.</small>
* ''[[Biology:Eucrypta|Eucrypta]]''
* ''[[Biology:Howellanthus|Howellanthus]]'' <small>(Constance) Walden & R.Patt.</small>
* ''[[Biology:Hesperochiron|Hesperochiron]]''
* ''[[Biology:Hydrophyllum|Hydrophyllum]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Biology:Howellanthus|Howellanthus]]''
* ''[[Biology:Nemophila|Nemophila]]'' <small>Nutt.</small>
* ''[[Biology:Hydrophyllum|Hydrophyllum]]''
* ''[[Biology:Phacelia|Phacelia]]'' <small>Juss.</small>
* ''Miltitzia''
* ''[[Biology:Pholistoma|Pholistoma]]'' <small>Lilja</small>
* ''[[Biology:Nama (plant)|Nama]]''
* ''[[Biology:Romanzoffia|Romanzoffia]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Biology:Nemophila|Nemophila]]''
* ''[[Biology:Tricardia|Tricardia]]'' <small>Torr. ex S.Watson</small>
* ''[[Biology:Phacelia|Phacelia]]''
Four further genera were accepted by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, but placed in the family Namaceae:<ref>Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/genera/Namaceaegen.html "List of Genera in Namaceae"]. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2024-11-11.</ref>
* ''[[Biology:Pholistoma|Pholistoma]]''
*''[[Biology:Eriodictyon|Eriodictyon]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Biology:Romanzoffia|Romanzoffia]]''
*''[[Biology:Nama (plant)|Nama]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Biology:Tricardia|Tricardia]]''
*''Turricula'' <small>J.F.Macbr.</small>
* ''Turricula''
*''[[Biology:Wigandia|Wigandia]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Biology:Wigandia|Wigandia]]''
The division into two families rather than one subfamily follows the recommendations of the Boraginales Working Group.<ref name=HilgCole20>{{Cite web |last1=Hilger |first1=H.H. |last2=Cole |first2=T.C.H. |date=2020 |title=Boraginales Phylogeny Poster |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325347374 |access-date=2024-11-12 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
}}


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.gbif.net/species/browse/taxon/13146288 Global Biodiversity Information Facility: Hydrophyllaceae]{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q5905613}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5905613}}

Latest revision as of 05:47, 15 April 2025

Hydrophylloideae is a subfamily of the plant family Boraginaceae. Its taxonomic position is somewhat uncertain. Traditionally, and under the Cronquist system, the taxon was given family rank under the name Hydrophyllaceae, and treated as part of the order Solanales. More recent systems have recognised a close relationship to the borage family, Boraginaceae, initially by placing Hydrophyllaceae and Boraginaceae together in an order Boraginales,[1] and in the 2016 APG IV system by including Hydrophyllaceae in Boraginaceae.[2] However, the placement and circumscription of Boraginaceae is still uncertain. Some sources now split off Hydrophyllaceae again (together with Namaceae).[3][4]

Plants in this subfamily may be annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, with either a prostrate or an erect stem. Most have a taproot. The flowers are bisexual, and normally radial, with 5 petals and 5 stamens. About 20 genera, containing around 300 species, are recognised; many of them are native to the western United States.[citation needed]

The subfamily takes its name from the genus Hydrophyllum (waterleaf). Members include Emmenanthe (whispering bells), Nemophila (baby blue eyes) and Phacelia (scorpionweed).[5]

Genera

(As of November 2024), the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website accepted the family Hydrophyllaceae rather than the subfamily Hydrophylloideae, and included 12 genera:[5]

Four further genera were accepted by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, but placed in the family Namaceae:[6]

The division into two families rather than one subfamily follows the recommendations of the Boraginales Working Group.[7]

References

  1. ↑ e.g. Gottschling, M., Hilger, H.H., Wolf, M. & Diane, N. (2001). Secondary structure of the ITS1 transcript and its application in a reconstruction of the phylogeny of Boraginales. Pl. Biol. 3: 629–636.
  2. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. 
  3. ↑ Vasile, Maria-Anna; Jeiter, Julius; Weigend, Maximilian; Luebert, Federico (2020). "Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Hydrophyllaceae and Namaceae, with a special reference to Phacelia and Wigandia". Systematics and Biodiversity 18 (8): 757–770. doi:10.1080/14772000.2020.1771471. Bibcode: 2020SyBio..18..757V. 
  4. ↑ Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "Boraginaceae". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2024-11-11.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "List of Genera in Hydrophyllaceae". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2024-11-11.
  6. ↑ Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "List of Genera in Namaceae". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2024-11-11.
  7. ↑ Hilger, H.H.; Cole, T.C.H. (2020). "Boraginales Phylogeny Poster". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325347374. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q5905613 entry



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