Engineering:Taylor Chummy: Difference between revisions

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| image              = Taylor Chummy Aero Digest May1928.jpg
| image              = Taylor Chummy Aero Digest May1928.jpg
| alt                =  
| alt                =  
| caption            =  
| caption            = Taylor A-2 Chummy in 1928
| long_caption        =  
| long_caption        =  
| other_names        =  
| other_names        =  
| aircraft_type      = light utility
| aircraft_type      = light utility
| aim                =
| outcome            =
| related            =
| national_origin    =  
| national_origin    =  
| manufacturer        = Taylor Aircraft Company
| manufacturer        = Taylor Brothers Aircraft Company
| design_group        =  
| design_group        =  
| designer            = C. Gilbert Taylor and Gordon Taylor<ref name="davisson">Davisson 2022</ref>
| designer            = C. Gilbert Taylor and Gordon Taylor<ref name="davisson"/>
| builder            =  
| builder            =  
| issuer              =
| status              =  
| status              =  
| owners              =
| primary_user        =  
| primary_user        =  
| more_users          =  
| more_users          =  
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| proposals          =  
| proposals          =  
| prototypes          =  
| prototypes          =  
| number_built        = approx. 9<ref name="neely">Neely 1986, p.26</ref>
| number_built        = 8
| construction_number =
| construction_date  = 1927–1930
| civil_registration  =
| military_serial    =
| radio_code          =
| requirement        =
| aircraft_carried    =
| flights            =
| total_hours        =
| total_distance      =
| construction_date  =  
| introduction        =  
| introduction        =  
| retired            =  
| retired            =  
| first_flight        = February 14, 1928<ref name="piperclub">"Aircraft Types</ref>
| first_flight        = February 14, 1928<ref name="piperclub"/>
| initiated          =
| in_service          =  
| in_service          =  
| last_flight        =  
| last_flight        =  
| expected            =
| developed_from      =  
| developed_from      =  
| variants            =  
| variants            =  
| developed_into      =  
| developed_into      = [[Engineering:Taylor Cub|Taylor Cub]]
| preservation        =
| fate                =
| predecessors        =
| successors          =
| concluded          =
}}
}}


The '''Taylor Chummy''', originally the '''Arrowing Chummy''' is a light utility aircraft made by the Taylor Aircraft Company in the late 1920s. It was the fore-runner of the highly successful Piper Cub series.<ref name="davisson"/>
The '''Taylor Chummy''' was a light utility aircraft made by the Taylor Aircraft Company in the late 1920s. It was the fore-runner of the highly successful Piper Cub series.<ref name="davisson">{{cite web |last=Davisson |first=Budd |title=Cub Clones — The Icon That Keeps on Giving |url=https://inspire.eaa.org/2022/05/25/cub-clones-the-icon-that-keeps-on-giving/ |publisher=Experimental Aircraft Association |date=May 25, 2022 |accessdate=May 27, 2024 }}</ref>


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
The Chummy was designed by brothers C. Gilbert Taylor and Gordon Taylor in 1928.<ref name="davisson"/> It is a braced, parasol-wing monoplane with two seats side-by-side in an open cockpit.<ref name="davisson"/> Power was supplied by a tractor-mounted radial engine.<ref name="piperclub"/> Fixed, tailskid undercarriage was fitted, initially with a through-axle, but later with divided main units.<ref name="awst1">"The Airplane Division"</ref> The name "Chummy" was chosen by Gilbert because of the side-by-side seating, an unusual feature in an era when tandem seating was the norm.<ref name="neely"/>
The Chummy was designed by brothers [[Biography:Clarence Gilbert Taylor|Clarence Gilbert Taylor]] and Gordon Taylor in 1928.<ref name="davisson"/> It is a braced, parasol-wing monoplane with two seats side-by-side in an open cockpit.<ref name="davisson"/> Power was supplied by a tractor-mounted radial engine.<ref name="piperclub">{{cite web |title=Aircraft Types |url=https://www.vintagepiper.co.uk/aircraft-types/ |publisher=The Vintage Piper Aircraft Club | accessdate=May 27, 2024 }}</ref> Fixed, tailskid undercarriage was fitted, initially with a through-axle, but later with divided main units.<ref name="awst1">{{cite magazine |title=The Airplane Division |magazine=Aviation |date=April 16, 1928 |page= }}</ref> The name "Chummy" was chosen because of the side-by-side seating.<ref name="piperclub" />


About nine examples were built, but the exact number is uncertain due to many records being lost in a 1937 factory fire.<ref name="neely"/> Additionally, some earlier Chummy models were rebuilt into later models.<ref name="neely"/>
==Operational history==
The first B-2 prototype was rebuilt with a seven-degree [[Engineering:Variable-incidence wing|variable-incidence wing]] for entry into the Guggenheim Safe Airplane Competition under the designation C-2.<ref name="75years">{{cite web |title=Piper Aircraft - 75 Years Young |url=https://www.piperflyer.com/piper-aircraft-co-history-info/349-piper-goes-out-at-work.html |publisher=Piper Flyer Association |date=November 2012 |accessdate=May 27, 2024 }}</ref>{{sfn|Peperell|1987|p=9–13}}


==Operational history==
The Chummy was expensive and did not sell well, leading to the bankruptcy of the Taylor Brothers company in 1930 after only eight aircraft were built.<ref name="75years"/>{{sfn|Peperell|1987|p=9–13}}
On April 24, 1928, Gordon Taylor crashed a Chummy at Ford Airport, Dearborn, Michigan.<ref name="2killed">"2 Killed in Crash at Detroit Airport</ref> His passenger, Aaron Rosenbleet, was killed instantly, and Taylor died of his injuries shortly after reaching hospital.<ref name="2killed"/> Gilbert witnessed the crash.<ref name="2killed"/> The crash was attributed to the passenger's hand "freezing" on the control stick, and subsequent Chummys included a spring-loaded safety mechanism that allowed the pilot in command to override the other set of controls.<ref name="neely"/>


One of the C-2s built had a wing modified with a seven-degree, [[Engineering:Variable-incidence wing|variable-incidence wing]] for entry into the Guggenheim Safe Airplane Competition.<ref name="75years">"Piper Aircraft - 75 Years Young"</ref>  
==Variants==
{{multiple image
<!-- Layout parameters -->
| direction        = vertical
| image1            = Taylor B-2 Chummy.jpg
| caption1          = First B-2 Chummy prototype
| image2            = Taylor Chummy Aero Digest December 1929.jpg
| caption2          = The same aircraft after conversion to C-2 standard
}}
;A-2 Chummy
:Two prototypes through-axle main undercarriage.<ref name="awst1" />{{sfn|Peperell|1987|p=9–11}}  The first, construction number (c/n) 3, was designated '''Arrowing A-2 Chummy''' and was powered by a {{Convert|90|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Engineering:Anzani|Anzani]] radial engine.<ref name="piperclub" /><ref name="awst1" />  The second, c/n 4, was designated '''Taylor A-2 Chummy''' and was powered by a {{Convert|96|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Company:Siemens|Ryan-Siemens]] engine.{{sfn|Peperell|1987|p=9–11}}
;B-2 Chummy
:Refined version based on the A-2 with divided main undercarriage.<ref name="awst1" /> Originally offered with a {{Convert|90|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Kinner K-5 or {{Convert|96|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Ryan-Siemens Yankee 7 engine, though the latter option was later replaced with a {{Convert|90|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Brownbach Tiger engine following the completion of the first production aircraft.<ref name="piperclub" /><ref name="awst1" />{{sfn|Peperell|1987|p=11–13}}  Two built; two prototypes (c/n 7 and 8) and four production aircraft (c/n 9, 12, 13, and 14), all powered by Kinner engines.{{sfn|Peperell|1987|p=11–13}}  Several aircraft had their construction numbers changed after completion; the unflown second prototype (c/n 8) became c/n 10 while the third production aircraft (c/n 13) became c/n 15.{{sfn|Peperell|1987|p=13}}
;C-2 Chummy
:The first prototype B-2 (c/n 7) rebuilt with a [[Engineering:Variable-incidence wing|variable-incidence wing]] and assigned a new construction number, c/n 10.{{sfn|Peperell|1987|p=9–13}}


The Chummy was expensive and did not sell well, leading to the bankruptcy of the Taylor Brothers company in 1930.<ref name="75years"/>  
== Accidents and incidents ==
On April 24, 1928, Gordon Taylor crashed A-2 Chummy prototype c/n 4, registered X4901, at an exhibition at Ford Airport in Dearborn, Michigan.<ref name="2killed">{{cite news |title=2 Killed in Crash at Detroit Airport |newspaper=The Windsor Star |location=Windsor, Ontario |page=20 |date=April 25, 1928 }}</ref>{{sfn|Peperell|1987|p=11}} His passenger, Aaron Rosenbleet, was killed instantly, and Taylor died of his injuries shortly after reaching hospital.<ref name="2killed" /> Clarence Taylor witnessed the crash.<ref name="2killed" />


==Variants==
== Replica ==
; A-2 Chummy : initial version with 90-hp (67-kW) [[Engineering:Anzani|Anzani]] radial engine<ref name="piperclub"/><ref name="awst1"/> and through-axle main undercarriage.<ref name="awst1"/>
A Taylor Chummy replica is on display at Greater Rochester International Airport.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frederick Douglass Greater Rochester International Airport (ROC) - Art & Culture Exhibits |url=https://www.rocairport.com/exhibits |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251212185702/https://www.rocairport.com/exhibits |archive-date=2025-12-12 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=www.rocairport.com |language=en}}</ref>
; B-2 Chummy : refined version with 113-hp (83.4-kW) Ryan-Siemens Yankee 7 engine<ref name="piperclub"/><ref name="awst1"/> and divided main undercarriage.<ref name="awst1"/>
; C-2 Chummy


==Specifications (B-2)==
== Specifications (B-2) ==
[[File:Taylor Chummy 3-view Le Document aéronautique February,1929.png|thumb|Taylor Chummy diagram]]
{{Aircraft specs
{{Aircraft specs
|ref="The Airplane Division"
|ref={{sfn|Peperell|1987|p=11}}
|prime units?=imp
|prime units?=imp
<!--
<!--
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|length m=
|length m=
|length ft=22
|length ft=22
|length in=
|length in=6
|length note=
|length note=
|span m=
|span m=
|span ft=34
|span ft=34
|span in=
|span in=0
|span note=
|span note=
|height m=
|height m=
|height ft=7
|height ft=7
|height in=9
|height in=6
|height note=
|height note=
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=175
|wing area sqft=
|wing area note=
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=975
|empty weight lb=1082
|empty weight note=
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=1475
|gross weight lb=1643
|gross weight note=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|fuel capacity={{Convert|24|U.S.gal|L|abbr=on}} usable fuel
|more general=
|more general=
<!--
<!--
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-->
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Ryan-Siemens Yankee 7
|eng1 name=Kinner K-5
|eng1 type=7-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine
|eng1 type=5-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine
|eng1 hp=113
|eng1 hp=90
|eng1 note=
|eng1 note=


Line 133: Line 126:
|max speed note=
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=95
|cruise speed mph=90
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed mph=38
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|stall speed note=with flaps down
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed mph=
Line 145: Line 138:
|never exceed speed note=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=
|range km=
|range miles=
|range miles=400
|range nmi=
|range nmi=
|range note=
|range note=with reserve fuel
|ferry range km=
|endurance=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling note=
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate ftmin=750
|climb rate note=
|climb rate note=at sea level
|time to altitude=
|time to altitude=
|lift to drag=
|lift to drag=
Line 178: Line 164:


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* {{cite news |title=2 Killed in Crash at Detroit Airport |newspaper=The Windsor Star |location=Windsor, Ontario |page=20 |date=April 25, 1928 }}
* {{cite web |title=Aircraft Types |url=https://www.vintagepiper.co.uk/aircraft-types/ |publisher=The Vintage Piper Aircraft Club | accessdate=May 27, 2024 }}
* {{cite web |last=Davisson |first=Budd |title=Cub Clones — The Icon That Keeps on Giving |url=https://inspire.eaa.org/2022/05/25/cub-clones-the-icon-that-keeps-on-giving/ |publisher=Experimental Aircraft Association |date=May 25, 2022 |accessdate=May 27, 2024 }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Neely |first=C. L. |title=The Model B2 Chummy|magazine=Model Builder |date=June 1986 |page= }}
* {{cite web |title=Piper Aircraft - 75 Years Young |url=https://www.piperflyer.com/piper-aircraft-co-history-info/349-piper-goes-out-at-work.html |publisher=Piper Flyer Association |date=November 2012 |accessdate=May 27, 2024 }}
* {{cite magazine |title=The Airplane Division |magazine=Aviation |date=April 16, 1928 |page= }}


{{Taylorcraft aircraft}}
* {{Cite book |last=Peperell|first=Roger W.|title=Piper Aircraft and their forerunners|last2=Smith|first2=Colin M.|publisher=Air-Britain (Historians) Limited|year=1987|isbn=0-85130-149-5}}
 
{{Piper aircraft}}


[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 18:07, 4 April 2026

Chummy
Taylor A-2 Chummy in 1928
General information
Typelight utility
ManufacturerTaylor Brothers Aircraft Company
Designer
C. Gilbert Taylor and Gordon Taylor[1]
Number built8
History
Manufactured1927–1930
First flightFebruary 14, 1928[2]
Developed intoTaylor Cub

The Taylor Chummy was a light utility aircraft made by the Taylor Aircraft Company in the late 1920s. It was the fore-runner of the highly successful Piper Cub series.[1]

Design and development

The Chummy was designed by brothers Clarence Gilbert Taylor and Gordon Taylor in 1928.[1] It is a braced, parasol-wing monoplane with two seats side-by-side in an open cockpit.[1] Power was supplied by a tractor-mounted radial engine.[2] Fixed, tailskid undercarriage was fitted, initially with a through-axle, but later with divided main units.[3] The name "Chummy" was chosen because of the side-by-side seating.[2]

Operational history

The first B-2 prototype was rebuilt with a seven-degree variable-incidence wing for entry into the Guggenheim Safe Airplane Competition under the designation C-2.[4][5]

The Chummy was expensive and did not sell well, leading to the bankruptcy of the Taylor Brothers company in 1930 after only eight aircraft were built.[4][5]

Variants

First B-2 Chummy prototype
The same aircraft after conversion to C-2 standard
A-2 Chummy
Two prototypes through-axle main undercarriage.[3][6] The first, construction number (c/n) 3, was designated Arrowing A-2 Chummy and was powered by a 90 hp (67 kW) Anzani radial engine.[2][3] The second, c/n 4, was designated Taylor A-2 Chummy and was powered by a 96 hp (72 kW) Ryan-Siemens engine.[6]
B-2 Chummy
Refined version based on the A-2 with divided main undercarriage.[3] Originally offered with a 90 hp (67 kW) Kinner K-5 or 96 hp (72 kW) Ryan-Siemens Yankee 7 engine, though the latter option was later replaced with a 90 hp (67 kW) Brownbach Tiger engine following the completion of the first production aircraft.[2][3][7] Two built; two prototypes (c/n 7 and 8) and four production aircraft (c/n 9, 12, 13, and 14), all powered by Kinner engines.[7] Several aircraft had their construction numbers changed after completion; the unflown second prototype (c/n 8) became c/n 10 while the third production aircraft (c/n 13) became c/n 15.[8]
C-2 Chummy
The first prototype B-2 (c/n 7) rebuilt with a variable-incidence wing and assigned a new construction number, c/n 10.[5]

Accidents and incidents

On April 24, 1928, Gordon Taylor crashed A-2 Chummy prototype c/n 4, registered X4901, at an exhibition at Ford Airport in Dearborn, Michigan.[9][10] His passenger, Aaron Rosenbleet, was killed instantly, and Taylor died of his injuries shortly after reaching hospital.[9] Clarence Taylor witnessed the crash.[9]

Replica

A Taylor Chummy replica is on display at Greater Rochester International Airport.[11]

Specifications (B-2)

Taylor Chummy diagram

Data from [10]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Capacity: one passenger
  • Length: 22 ft 6 in (6.86 m)
  • Wingspan: 34 ft 0 in (10.36 m)
  • Height: 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m)
  • Empty weight: 1,082 lb (491 kg)
  • Gross weight: 1,643 lb (745 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 24 U.S. gal (91 L) usable fuel
  • Powerplant: 1 × Kinner K-5 5-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 90 hp (67 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 110 mph (180 km/h, 96 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 90 mph (140 km/h, 78 kn)
  • Stall speed: 38 mph (61 km/h, 33 kn) with flaps down
  • Range: 400 mi (640 km, 350 nmi) with reserve fuel
  • Rate of climb: 750 ft/min (3.8 m/s) at sea level

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Davisson, Budd (May 25, 2022). "Cub Clones — The Icon That Keeps on Giving". Experimental Aircraft Association. https://inspire.eaa.org/2022/05/25/cub-clones-the-icon-that-keeps-on-giving/. Retrieved May 27, 2024. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Aircraft Types". The Vintage Piper Aircraft Club. https://www.vintagepiper.co.uk/aircraft-types/. Retrieved May 27, 2024. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "The Airplane Division". Aviation. April 16, 1928. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Piper Aircraft - 75 Years Young". Piper Flyer Association. November 2012. https://www.piperflyer.com/piper-aircraft-co-history-info/349-piper-goes-out-at-work.html. Retrieved May 27, 2024. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Peperell 1987, p. 9–13.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Peperell 1987, p. 9–11.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Peperell 1987, p. 11–13.
  8. ↑ Peperell 1987, p. 13.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "2 Killed in Crash at Detroit Airport". The Windsor Star (Windsor, Ontario): p. 20. April 25, 1928. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Peperell 1987, p. 11.
  11. ↑ "Frederick Douglass Greater Rochester International Airport (ROC) - Art & Culture Exhibits" (in en). https://www.rocairport.com/exhibits. 

Bibliography

  • Peperell, Roger W.; Smith, Colin M. (1987). Piper Aircraft and their forerunners. Air-Britain (Historians) Limited. ISBN 0-85130-149-5. 

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