Engineering:Blockchain-based database

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The blockchain-based database is a combination of traditional database and distributed database where data is transacted and recorded via Database Interface[1] (also known as Compute Interface)[2] supported by multiple-layers of blockchains.[3] The database itself is shared in the form of an encrypted/immutable ledger which makes the information open for everyone.[4]

Concept

In actual case, the blockchain essentially has no querying abilities when compared to traditional database and with a doubling of nodes, network traffic quadruples with no improvement in throughput, latency, or capacity.[5] To overcome these shortcomings, taking a traditional database and adding blockchain features to it sounds more feasible.[6] That's how the concept of blockchain-based database came into existence, which consists of multiple member clouds riding on two primary layers; the first one is Database Interface and the second one is the Blockchain Anchoring.[1] The idea behind the blockchain based database concept is to complement the functionality and features of SQL and NoSQL databases with blockchain properties: data immutability, integrity assurance, decentralized control, Byzantine fault tolerance and transaction traceability.[7]

List of Blockchain-based databases

This list consists of the databases which are developed and deployed through a traditional database model over a blockchain framework;[5]

Sr.No. Blockchain-based Database Supporting Database Type of Traditional Database Consensus Mechanism Decentralization Immutability
1 BigchainDB MongoDB (NoSQL) Document-oriented database[8] Byzantine fault tolerance-based consensus algorithm[9] ✓ ✓
2 Cassandra NoSQL Key-value database Paxos algorithm ✓ ✗
3 ChainifyDB PostgreSQL Relational database[10] Whatever-Ledger Consensus ✓ ✓
4 CovenantSQL SQLite Relational database[11] Raft consensus algorithm ✓ ✓
5 Modex BCDB SQL, NoSQL Multiple databases support[12] Proof of Stake ✓ ✓
6 Postchain SQL Relational database[13] Byzantine fault tolerance-based consensus algorithm ✓ ✓
7 ProvenDB MongoDB (NoSQL) Document-oriented database[14]
✓ ✓

Iterations

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gaetani, Edoardo; Aniello, Leonardo; Baldoni, Roberto; Lombardi, Federico; Margheri, Andrea; Sassone, Vladimiro (2017) (in en). Blockchain-based database to ensure data integrity in cloud computing environments. Edoardo Gaetani, Leonardo Aniello, Roberto Baldoni, Federico Lombardi, Andrea Margheri, Vladimiro Sassone. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1816/paper-15.pdf. 
  2. ↑ Casino, Fran; K. Dasaklis, Thomas; Patsakisa, Constantinos (March 2019). "A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues". Telematics and Informatics (Elsevier) 36: 55–81. doi:10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006. ISSN 0736-5853. 
  3. ↑ Martin, Luther. "Blockchain or relational database? How to choose the right technology for your application" (in en). https://techbeacon.com/security/blockchain-vs-relational-database-which-right-your-application. 
  4. ↑ "What is Blockchain Technology? A Step-by-Step Guide For Beginners" (in en-CA). 19 September 2016. https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-blockchain-technology/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Raikwar, Mayank; Gligoroski, Danilo; Velinov, Goran (2020-03-12). "Trends in Development of Databases and Blockchain". 2020 Seventh International Conference on Software Defined Systems (SDS). pp. 177–182. doi:10.1109/SDS49854.2020.9143893. ISBN 978-1-7281-7219-4. 
  6. ↑ Anadiotis, George. "How to use blockchain to build a database solution" (in en). https://www.zdnet.com/article/blockchains-in-the-database-world-what-for-and-how/. 
  7. ↑ Zheng, Zibin; Xie, Shaoan; Dai, Hongning; Chen, Xiangping; Wang, Huaimin (2017). "An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends" (in en). ResearchGate: 557–564. doi:10.1109/BigDataCongress.2017.85. ISBN 978-1-5386-1996-4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318131748. 
  8. ↑ "BigchainDB 2.0 - The Blockchain Database". BigchainDB GmbH, Berlin, Germany. 1 May 2018. https://www.bigchaindb.com/whitepaper/bigchaindb-whitepaper.pdf. 
  9. ↑ "BigchainDB 2.0 - The Blockchain Database". BigchainDB GmbH, Berlin, Germany. 1 May 2018. https://www.bigchaindb.com/whitepaper/bigchaindb-whitepaper.pdf. 
  10. ↑ "ChainifyDB: How to Blockchainify any Data Management System". Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University. 11 December 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337885020. 
  11. ↑ "CovenantSQL - A decentralized, trusted, high performance, SQL database with blockchain features". GitHub. 6 September 2019. https://github.com/CovenantSQL/CovenantSQL. 
  12. ↑ "Multiple databases support". Modex. 12 February 2020. https://modex.tech/multiple-databases-support/. 
  13. ↑ "Consortium database - Postchain engineering documents". Postchain. 1 January 2017. https://postchain-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview.html#consortium-database. 
  14. ↑ "ProvenDB Features". ProvenDB. 1 January 2020. https://postchain-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview.html#consortium-database. 
  15. ↑ NathanSenthil; GovindarajanChander; SarafAdarsh; SethiManish; JayachandranPraveen (2019-07-01). "Blockchain meets database" (in EN). Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 12 (11): 1539–1552. doi:10.14778/3342263.3342632. 
  16. ↑ (in EN) GraphChain | Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2018. doi:10.1145/3184558.3191554. 
  17. ↑ "GraphChain: A Distributed Database with Explicit Semantics and Chained RDF Graphs" (in en). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324633103. 



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