Engineering:Bar zither
Bar zither is class of musical instruments (subset of zither) within the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system for a type of simple chordophone (stringed instrument), in which the body of the instrument is shaped like a bar.[1]
In the system, bar zithers are made up of musical bows and stick zithers.[1] Musical bows have flexible ends, stick zithers are rigid or have only one flexed end.[1] Bar zithers, whether musical bow or stick zithers, often have some form of resonator. Examples of resonators include the player's mouth, an attached gourd or an inflated balloon or bladder.
According to Sachs,[2]
A stick-zither has a stick in place of a resonating body and always needs an additional resonator, generally a gourd, sometimes the mouth of the player.
Instruments may be monochords (single stringed) or polychord (multiple stinged).[1] They may also be idiochords (string made from the bar or stick) or heterchords (string made of separate substance from the bar or stick.[1]
Man playing a heterochord musical bow, using his mouth for a resonator. Heterochords have strings made of a different material than the rigid part of the bow.[1]
Brazil. Berimbau musical bow with gourd resonator. Tapped with stick to play. String also vibrates caxixi wrattle.
Borobudur, 9th century C.E. Stone relief showing girls playing stick zither and lute.
Banjul, Gambia. Heterochord stick zither using a tin can for a resonator. Called a cora.
Indian Vichitra veena has no frets.
Bangladesh, 10th - 12th century C.E. Saraswati with an ālāpiṇī vīṇā. This was a one-string tube zither or stick zither form of the veena, possibly related to the modern rudra veena.
India, 1807. Pinak, a bowed. stick zither.
See also
- List of chordophones by Hornbostel–Sachs number
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal 14: 20–21. March 1961. https://www.jstor.org/stable/842168.
- ↑ Sachs, Curt (1940). The History of Musical Instruments, p.463. W. W. Nortan & Company, Inc. ISBN:0-393-02068-1
- ↑ Sachs, Kurt (1940). The History of Musical Instruments. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 4631. "in the Malay Archipelago, Madagascar and Zanzibar, the round stick is replaced by a short lath which the player holds on edge (lath-zither)."
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