Finance:Adult Check
Adult Check, Inc. created and hosted one of the first and largest online age verification services. The network of web sites using the Adult Check verification system reached as many as 400,000[1] and the Adultcheck.com domain was ranked in the top 100 most visited internet web sites as late as 1999.[2]
Background
Age verification services (AVS) arose as an effort to limit access by minors to adult sites by providing access to a large number of sites through a common ID and password. Cybernet Ventures, Inc. created the Adult Check system when the Communications Decency Act of 1996 allowed websites to let visitors prove they were adults by using credit cards.[3] For a fee, customers bought an Adult Check password that unlocked hundreds of thousands of sites, and operators of these sites (webmasters) received a commission.[4]
Forbes estimated Adult Check's annual revenue as $320 million in 2001.[1]
Perfect 10 Lawsuit
On April 22, 2002, California courts issued a preliminary injunction against Cybernet Ventures that allowed courts to hear a case by Perfect 10 Magazine, who claimed copyright infringement by some of the sites protected by the Adult Check system.[5] Perfect 10 charged that Adult Check and Cybernet could not seek safe harbor of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 512, since they benefitted financially, if indirectly, from these sites.[6] The injunction directed Cybernet to preemptively block access to any website containing the prohibited content.
The injunction was landmark because it opened the door to a broader definition of online liability. Perfect 10 proceeded to file lawsuits against even bigger companies, including Google, Amazon.com, Visa and MasterCard, but was unsuccessful. Similar adult and non-adult content companies sought legal action against intermediary companies like these in lieu of suing small site operators in hopes of big financial settlements.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lubove, Seth (17 September 2001). "See No Evil.". Forbes Magazine. https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2001/0917/068.html.
- ↑ "Apple Ranks In The Top 100 Web Sites Internet-Wide For July.". Mac Observer. 10 August 1999. http://www.macobserver.com/news/99/august/990810/pcdatajulywebsites.html. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
- ↑ Dotinga, Randy (10 May 2002). "Dirty Sites Jittery After Ruling.". Wired Magazine. https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2002/05/52429. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
- ↑ Gimein, Mark (1 December 1999). "Sex Sells, Doesn't It?". Salon.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110622085120/http://www.salon.com/technology/feature/1999/12/01/ieg/print.html. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
- ↑ Perfect 10, Inc. v. Cybernet Ventures, Inc., et al. 2002 U.S. Dist. Lexis 7333, CV 01-2595 LGB (C.D. Ca., April 22, 2002. [1] Retrieved 2010-03-03
- ↑ The Digital Millennium Copyright Act: Text, History, and Caselaw. Overview by Christopher Wolf. 2003 ISBN:0-937275-11-5. Pike & Fischer, Inc. The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. p. 946.
- ↑ Frank, Ted (24 November 2004). "Imperfect Lawsuits: Perfect 10 v. Google (and Visa and ...)". Archived from the original on 4 March 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100304231233/http://overlawyered.com/2004/11/imperfect-lawsuits-perfect-10-v-google-and-visa-and/. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
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