Religion:Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan

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Short description: Far-right Islamist party in Pakistan
Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan

تحریک لبیک پاکستان
AbbreviationTLP
AmeerSaad Hussain Rizvi
FounderKhadim Hussain Rizvi
Founded1 August 2015
Banned15 April 2021[1][2]
HeadquartersLahore
Ideology
Political positionFar-right[6][7][8]
ReligionSunni Islam (specifically, Barelvi)
Sindh Assembly
Template:SindhPA / 168
<div style="background-color: Template:Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan/meta/color; width: Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".%; height: 100%;">
National Assembly
0 / 342
Election symbol
Crane
Crane Machine Symbol.svg
Party flag
Tehreek-e-Labbaik flag.png
Website
tlyp.org.pk

Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (Urdu: تحریک لبیک پاکستان‎, lit. '"I am present Pakistan" movement'; abbr. TLP) is a far-right Islamist political party in Pakistan .[6][9][7] The party was founded by Khadim Hussain Rizvi.[10][11][12] It was the organizer the 2021 Pakistani protests.[13]

The TLP is known for its countrywide street power and massive protests in opposition to any change to Pakistan's blasphemy law.[8] The party came into existence, and subsequently rose to fame, after the hanging of Mumtaz Qadri, a convicted murderer, which the political party states was unjustifiable. It demands that Sharia law be established as the fundamental law in Pakistan , through a gradual legal and political process.[14] Most of the party's members belong to the Barelvi school of Islamic thought.

History

Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan was formed on 1 August 2015 by Allama Khadim Hussain Rizvi and banned by the Government of Pakistan on 15th April 2021.

The TLP was allotted the crane as its election symbol in 2017.[15]

Khatm e Nabuwat Bill controversy

In October 2017, the government of Pakistan controversially changed the language in its 2017 elections bill. The Islamic Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan and its leader Khadim Hussain Rizvi strongly opposed the new language, and demanded the resignation of Pakistan's Minister for Law and Justice Zahid Hamid, who had changed the law.

TLP held a large protest against the controversial amendment, stopping traffic at the Faizabad Interchange at first, which then led to further protests across the country. The party led a three-week sit-in protest that paralyzed the entire country including Pakistan's capital, Islamabad. At least six protesters were killed and 200 were injured when police unsuccessfully tried to disperse the sit-in, the protest had already spread out nationwide.[9]

Minister Zahid Hamid had to finally resign.

Acquittal and release of Asia Bibi

Further information: Biography:Asia Bibi blasphemy case

Following the acquittal of Asia Bibi (formally, Asia Noreen), a Pakistani Christian who was charged with blasphemy and kept in solitary confinement for eight years until found innocent on 31 October 2018,[16] Tehreek-e-Labbaik party members held protests across Pakistan that included "blocking roads but not damaging the infrastructure".[17][18] Muhammad Afzal Qadri, a TLP co-founder, also called for the death of the three Supreme Court justices involved in hearing Bibi's appeal, stating "The Chief Justice and two others deserve to be killed ... Either their security guards, their drivers, or their chefs should kill them."[19]

On 2 November 2018, the Government of Pakistan under the administration of Imran Khan and the Tehreek-e-Labbaik political party, which encouraged the protests against Asia Bibi, came into an agreement that barred Asia Bibi from leaving the country, in addition to releasing Tehreek-e-Labbaik protesters who were under arrest.[20][21][22][23] The deal includes expediting a motion in the court to place Asia Noreen on Pakistan's no fly list, known officially as the Exit Control List (ECL).[21] Due to pressure from Tehreek-e-Labbaik, Pakistani authorities hadn't released Asia Noreen until the "Supreme Court makes a final review of its verdict" as "Ghulam Mustafa, the lawyer representing a provincial cleric in Punjab who had filed the initial blasphemy charges against Bibi, petitioned the Supreme Court requesting that the judges review her acquittal."[24]

This agreement between the Government of Pakistan and Tehreek-e-Labbaik has led to "allegations [that] the government was capitulating to extremists".[25] Pakistani Information Minister Fawad Chaudhry responded to these allegations, saying that "We had two options: either to use force, and when you use force people can be killed. That is not something a state should do... We tried negotiations and (in) negotiations you take something and you leave something."[25] Asia Noreen's lawyer Saif-ul-Mulook called the agreement between the Government of Pakistan and the Islamists "painful", stating that "They cannot even implement an order of the country's highest court".[26] Feeling that his life was threatened, Mulook fled to Europe in order "to stay alive as I still have to fight the legal battle for Asia Bibi."[26] British Pakistani Christian Association chairman Wilson Chowdhry stated that “I am not surprised that Imran Khan's regime has caved in to extremists”.[27] Jemima Goldsmith, an ex-wife of Imran Khan, similarly "said that Pakistan's government caved in to extremist demands to bar Asia Bibi from leaving the country", opining "Not the Naya Pakistan we'd hoped for. 3 days after a defiant & brave speech defending the judiciary, Pakistan's gov caves in to extremist demands to bar Asia Bibi from leaving Pak, after she was acquitted of blasphemy- effectively signing her death warrant."[28]

On 7 November 2018, Asia Bibi was released from New Jail for Women in Multan, flown to PAF Base Nur Khan, from whence she then departed the country on a charter plane, to the Netherlands.[29] Hafiz Shahbaz Attari of the Islamist political party Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP), upon hearing the news, said that TLP members would gather in Islamabad and Rawalpindi to try and prevent the departure of Asia Bibi to the Netherlands.[29]

Party leaders' arrest

On 23 November 2018, after approval of Federal Cabinet, provincial police carried out an operation and arrested the chief of TLP Khadim Hussain Rizvi, along with some 50 members of his party to defunct the TLP's call for a public rally in Rawalpindi's Liaquat Bagh planned for November 25, 2018, following which protests spread out and situation deteriorated. Pakistan's Federal Minister for Information and Broadcasting confirmed the arrest as a protective custody.[30][31] Along with media blackout, TLP faced social media and websites bans during the crack down.[32] The TLP leaders Khadim Hussain Rizvi, Pir Afzal Qadri, Inayat Haq Shah, Hafiz Farooqul Hassan were booked on charges of sedition and terrorism.[33]

On 12 April 2021, Khadim Hussain Rizvi’s son, Hafiz Saad Hussain Rizvi was arrested by police while he was coming back from a funeral prayer prior to a planned protest by the party on 20th April, 2021.[34] The planned protest's motive was to pressure the Government of Pakistan to deport the French ambassador in Pakistan over the controversy of cartoons of Mohammad. Over the 3 days long protest in the country, French embassy asked its citizens to temporarily leave the country. [35]

On 14 April 2021, the party was banned, which came after violent protests that caused the deaths of 2 policemen and left 340 injured, in retaliation to the arrest of the new ameer. The interior minister stated that the Punjab government had requested for the ban and the summary after being approved from the federal cabinet resulted in the ban on TLP under the Anti-Terrorism Act 1997.[36]

During protests on 18 April 2021 outside the TLP office in Saddar area of Lahore near Multan Road, a police team tried removing the members, leading to clashes and eleven police officers being injured. Protesters also attacked the police station in Nawan Kot, taking 12 policemen (in some reports said to be 11) as hostages and torturing them. They were released on the next day after talks with the Government of Punjab. The protesters also stole an oil tanker. Two of the protesters were killed and 50 were injured during the violence.[37][38][39]

Attiq Ahmed, the public relations officer of Punjab Prisons, and TLP leader Faizan Ahmed said on 20 April that Saad Rizvi had been released. Lahore's Jail Superintendent Asad Warraich however said he didn't know of any such release and they had received no order to release him.[40] Interior Minister Sheikh Rasheed Ahmad later confirmed that Rizvi had not been freed. He added that the government has freed 669 out of 733 people arrested in relation to the violent protests, 30 cars had been set on fire while five looted cars had been returned by protestors, and a National Assembly session had been called to decide on expulsion of the French ambassador.[39] TLP filed a review petition on 29 April addressed to the Interior Secretary, for the removal of the ban imposed on the party.[41]

Controversies

Assassination attempt

In May 2018, Interior Minister Ahsan Iqbal was shot and wounded at a political rally in his home constituency of Narowal, in an apparent assassination attempt.[42] He was airlifted from Narowal to Lahore for surgery where he was said to be in stable condition. The attacker, later found to be linked with Tehreek-e-Labaik, was arrested from the spot.[43] TLP criticised the attack and called for a judicial inquiry, insisting that its methods were peaceful and democratic.[44]

Extrajudicial killings

In March of 2019, a third year student at Bahawalpur's Government Sadiq Egerton College, Khateeb Hussain, stabbed associate professor Khalid Hameed in a fatal encounter.[45] Khateeb Hussain was in contact with Zafar Gillani, a lawyer and senior member of the TLP prior to the murder, and obtained approval for the act over Whatsapp. The supposed motive for the killing was blasphemous and insulting rhetoric towards Islam.[46][47]

In 2018, Sareer Ahmed, the principal of Islamia College in Charsadda, was murdered by a 17-year old student who he had reprimanded for missing a number of classes. According to reports circulating on media channels, the student accused the professor of engaging in "blasphemy" for reprimanding him for skipping class to attend rallies held by the TLP. [48] However, it could not be verified whether the professor has engaged in blasphemy or not. [49]

Support for blasphemy-related attacks outside Pakistan

In 2018, when the Dutch politician Geert Wilders announced that he is planning to hold a contest to draw caricatures of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, there were large protests in Pakistan against it. It was in this context that TLP leader Khadim Hussain Rizvi declared in front of media that he would order nuclear bomb strikes on the Netherlands to destroy the entire country and "wipe them off the map" just for the cartoons of a few Dutch citizens if he was given the chance to or if he became Pakistan's leader.[50] He is quoted to have said at a press conference in Karachi "If they give me the atom bomb I would remove Holland from the face of the earth before they can hold a competition of caricatures… I will wipe them off the face of this earth."[51] Eventually Geert Wilders cancelled his proposed cartoon contest citing fears of security risks.

In late October 2020, just after the killing of French schoolteacher Samuel Paty in a suburb of Paris by an 18-year old Chechen refugee, TLP published an article on their official website where they commended the killing, labelling the killer as a "Shaheed" and "Mujahid" as well as posting a photo of the bloodied severed head of Samuel Paty in the same article on which the killer initially posted to Twitter just after the killing. The post was deleted by Twitter soon afterwards.[52]

Political influence

TLP has notably held protests against actions by the government deemed unjust and against the teachings of Islam.

In 2018, world renowned Princeton economist, Atif Mian was initially chosen as a member of an Economic Advisory Council formed by Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan to provide assistance on issues of economics and finance.[53] Since his appointment, the government faced criticism from groups opposed to government representation for religious minorities, prominently by the TLP under the guidance of Rizvi. [54] because of Atif's affiliation with the Ahmadiyya faith.[55] He was removed from the Economic Advisory Council on 7 September 2018[56] and afterwards council members Asim Ijaz Khwaja and Imran Rasul resigned in protest.[57][58][59]

References

  1. ↑ Ali, Imran Gabol | Shakeel Qarar | Imtiaz (2021-04-14). "Government has decided to ban TLP, says interior minister" (in en). https://www.dawn.com/news/1618186. 
  2. ↑ "Govt decides to ban TLP under anti-terror law" (in en). https://www.geo.tv/latest/345260-govt-decides-to-ban-tlp-under-terror-law. 
  3. ↑ Dawn.com (4 September 2018). "'We will not bow to extremists': Govt hits back after vicious campaign targets Atif Mian". https://www.dawn.com/news/1430925. 
  4. ↑ "Shia Procession Allegedly Attacked by TLP in Karachi". 15 May 2020. https://nayadaur.tv/2020/05/shia-procession-allegedly-attacked-by-tlp-in-karachi/. 
  5. ↑ https://immigrationequality.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Pakistan-2020-LGBT-index-and-exhibits.pdf
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hashim, Asad. "Pakistan 'to ban' far-right religious party after deadly protests". https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/14/pakistan-to-ban-far-right-religious-party-after-violent-protest. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Yousaf, Farooq (27 December 2017). "Democracy between military might and the ultra-right in Pakistan". http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/12/27/democracy-between-military-might-and-the-ultra-right-in-pakistan/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Tehreek-e-Labbaik: New far right campaigns against 'blasphemy'". https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/indepth/features/tehreek-labbaik-campaigns-blasphemy-180705154014562.html. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Abbas, Nosheen; Rasmussen, Sune Engel (27 November 2017). "Pakistani law minister quits after weeks of anti-blasphemy protests". https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/27/pakistani-law-minister-quits-zahid-hamid. 
  10. ↑ "Tehreek Labik to hold Islamabad long march". 4 November 2017. http://nation.com.pk/04-Nov-2017/tehreek-labik-to-hold-islamabad-long-march. 
  11. ↑ "TLP banned: What does it mean?" (in en). https://www.geo.tv/latest/345461-tlp-banned-what-does-it-mean. 
  12. ↑ "Pakistan to ban radical Islamist party Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP)" (in en). https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/pakistan-to-ban-radical-islamist-party-tehreek-e-labbaik-pakistan-tlp20210414215741/. 
  13. ↑ Hashim, Asad. "Pakistan temporarily blocks social media over potential protests" (in en). https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/16/pakistan-temporarily-blocks-social-media-amid-anti-france-rallies. 
  14. ↑ "Tehreek E Labaik Pakistan". http://labbaik.pk/. 
  15. ↑ Khan, Iftikhar A. (2017-10-01). "Election symbol allotted to Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan" (in en). https://www.dawn.com/news/1361164. 
  16. ↑ Asif Aqeel (31 October 2018). "Pakistan Frees Asia Bibi from Blasphemy Death Sentence" (in en). Christianity Today. https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2018/october/asia-bibi-free-pakistan-blasphemy-death-supreme-court.html. 
  17. ↑ Asad Hashim (1 November 2018). "Pakistan: Thousands protest blasphemy acquittal, ignore PM's call" (in en). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/pakistan-thousands-protest-blasphemy-acquittal-ignore-pm-call-181101140852399.html. 
  18. ↑ "Asia Bibi′s blasphemy verdict: Islamists protest across Pakistan" (in en). Deutsche Welle. 31 October 2018. https://www.dw.com/en/asia-bibis-blasphemy-verdict-islamists-protest-across-pakistan/a-46101210. 
  19. ↑ Omer Farooq Khan (1 November 2018). "Pakistani Islamists are on the boil over acquittal of Asia Bibi" (in en). Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistani-islamists-are-on-the-boil-over-acquittal-of-asia-bibi/articleshow/66463406.cms. 
  20. ↑ "Asia Bibi Barred From Leaving Pakistan as Imran Khan Govt Strikes Deal With Islamist Protesters" (in en). News 18. 2 November 2018. https://www.news18.com/news/world/hardliners-to-call-off-protests-over-acquittal-of-asia-bibi-after-pm-imran-khans-govt-bars-her-from-leaving-pakistan-1928561.html. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Farmer, Ben (2 November 2018). "Christian woman cleared of blasphemy barred from leaving Pakistan" (in en). The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/11/02/christian-woman-cleared-blasphemy-barred-leaving-pakistan/. 
  22. ↑ "Govt & Tehreek-e-Labbaik reach agreement to end protests" (in en). Radio Pakistan. 2 November 2018. http://www.radio.gov.pk/02-11-2018/successful-negotiations-between-tehreek-e-labbaik-and-govt. 
  23. ↑ "Pakistan Makes Concessions to Protesters in Blasphemy Case" (in en). The New York Times. 2 November 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/02/world/asia/pakistan-blasphemy-asia-bibi.html. 
  24. ↑ "Pakistan delays release of Christian woman after blasphemy acquittal" (in en). CBN News. 2 November 2018. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/asia-bibi-christian-pakistan-blasphemy-barred-from-leaving-acquittal/. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Asia Bibi: Deal to end Pakistan protests over blasphemy case" (in en). BBC. 2 November 2018. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46080067. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Asia Bibi: Lawyer flees Pakistan in fear of his life" (in en). BBC. 3 November 2018. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46082324. 
  27. ↑ Peter Stubley (3 November 2018). "Asia Bibi: Pakistan government stops Christian woman leaving country after 'caving in' to hardline Islamists" (in en). The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/asia-bibi-pakistan-government-deal-islamist-extremist-protests-blasphemy-supreme-court-a8616011.html. "Under the terms of the deal made on Friday night, prime minister Imran Khan’s administration said it would begin legal proceedings to place Asia Bibi on the “exit control list” (ECL). ... “I am not surprised that Imran Khan’s regime has caved in to extremists,” said Wilson Chowdhry, chair of the British Pakistani Christian Association." 
  28. ↑ "Jemima says Pakistan's govt caves in to extremist demands to bar Asia Bibi from leaving" (in en). The International News. 4 November 2018. https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/389575-jemima-says-pakistans-govt-caves-in-to-extremist-demands-to-bar-asia-bibi-from-leaving. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Asia Bibi released from jail, to be shifted to the Netherlands" (in en). Outlook. 7 November 2018. https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/asia-bibi-released-from-jail-to-be-shifted-to-the-netherlands-report/1417421. 
  30. ↑ "TLP Chief Khadim Hussain Rizvi taken into 'protective custody', information minister announces". Reporters - Dawn (newspaper). 23 November 2018. https://www.dawn.com/news/1447217. 
  31. ↑ Mian Abrar (23 November 2018). "Khadim Rizvi among other TLP leaders arrested". Pakistan Today. https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/11/23/crackdown-against-tlp-begins-several-arrested/. 
  32. ↑ Dawn.com (2018-11-04). "Khadim Hussain Rizvi's Twitter account suspended" (in en). https://www.dawn.com/news/1443541. 
  33. ↑ Dawn.com (2018-12-01). "TLP leader Khadim Hussain Rizvi booked under sedition, terrorism charges: information minister" (in en). https://www.dawn.com/news/1448807. 
  34. ↑ "Police detain TLP chief Saad Hussain Rizvi over protest plan | SAMAA" (in en-US). https://www.samaa.tv/news/2021/04/lahore-police-arrest-tlp-chief-saad-hussain-rizvi/. 
  35. ↑ "French embassy advises citizens to leave Pakistan" (in en). 2021-04-15. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210415-french-embassy-advises-citizens-to-leave-pakistan. 
  36. ↑ Ali, Imran Gabol | Shakeel Qarar | Imtiaz (2021-04-14). "Government has decided to ban TLP under anti-terror law, says interior minister" (in en). https://www.dawn.com/news/1618186. 
  37. ↑ Khan, Jahangeer Akram (2021-04-19). "Two TLP supporters killed in clash with Lahore police" (in en). https://www.samaa.tv/news/2021/04/two-tlp-supporters-killed-in-clash-with-lahore-police/. 
  38. ↑ Gabol, Imran (18 April 2021). "11 policemen taken hostage by TLP released after first round of talks with Punjab govt: Sheikh Rashid" (in en). DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/1618944. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "TLP chief Saad Rizvi remains under arrest under terrorism law: Rasheed" (in en). The Express Tribune. 29 April 2021. https://www.geo.tv/latest/346497-sheikh-rasheed-says-tlp-chief-saad-rizvi-arrested-under-ata-laws. 
  40. ↑ Gabol, Imran (20 April 2021). "Conflicting reports emerge on TLP chief Saad Rizvi's release from Lahore jail" (in en). DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/1618944. 
  41. ↑ "TLP files plea with interior ministry for reviewing ban" (in en). The Express Tribune. 29 April 2021. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2297407/tlp-files-plea-with-interior-ministry-for-reviewing-ban. 
  42. ↑ Hashim, Asad (May 7, 2018). "Ahsan Iqbal's health appears to be improving after surgery". https://www.geo.tv/latest/194920-ahsan-iqbals-health-appears-to-be-improving. 
  43. ↑ Hashim, Asad (May 7, 2018). "Shooter of Pakistan's Ahsan Iqbal linked to Tehreek-e-Labbaik". https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/5/7/shooter-of-pakistans-ahsan-iqbal-linked-to-tehreek-e-labbaik. 
  44. ↑ Kaifee, Sib (May 7, 2018). "Pakistan interior minister's attacker linked to new religious party". https://www.arabnews.com/node/1298241/world. 
  45. ↑ AFP, Mohammad Imran | (March 20, 2019). "Bahawalpur student stabs professor to death over 'anti-Islam' remarks". https://www.dawn.com/news/1470814. 
  46. ↑ "TLP leader arrested for 'forcing student to murder professor' in Bahawalpur". March 28, 2019. https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/tlp-leader-arrested-for-forcing-student-to-murder-professor-in-bahawalpur/. 
  47. ↑ https://tlyp.org.pk/news/index.php/0302202091/
  48. ↑ Sayeed, Saad (January 23, 2018). "Pakistani principal shot dead by student over blasphemy dispute". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-blasphemy-idUSKBN1FB2PG. 
  49. ↑ Muhammad, Faiz (January 23, 2018). "Principal shot dead by student in Charsadda". https://www.dawn.com/news/1384652. 
  50. ↑ "Why is Pakistan Threatening Nuclear Attack on Holland of all the Places?" (in en-US). EurAsian Times. 2018-07-10. https://eurasiantimes.com/pakistan-nuclear-attack-holland/. 
  51. ↑ Shailaja Neelakantan. "Pakistan: Give me atom bomb, I'll wipe out Holland: Pakistan's rising Islamist politician Khadim Hussain Rizvi" (in en). Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/give-me-atom-bomb-ill-wipe-out-holland-pakistans-rising-islamist-politician-khadim-hussain-rizvi/articleshow/64930191.cms. 
  52. ↑ "Mujahid Abdullah Beheaded Samuel Paty for Blasphemy". 19 October 2020. https://tlyp.org.pk/en/mujahid-abdullah-beheaded-samuel-paty-for-blasphemy/. 
  53. ↑ PM Khan forms 18-member Economic Advisory Council, September 1, 2018, https://www.dawn.com/news/1430355 
  54. ↑ "Atif R. Mian's appointment: Moment of truth for Imran Khan". The News. 5 September 2018. https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/364299-imran-khan-govt-in-the-ye-of-the-storm. 
  55. ↑ "'We will not bow to extremists': Govt hits back after vicious campaign targets Atif Mian". Dawn. 4 September 2018. https://www.dawn.com/news/1430925. 
  56. ↑ Chaudhry, Dawn.com (7 September 2018). "Under pressure govt backtracks on Atif Mian's appointment; removes economist from advisory council". DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/1431495. 
  57. ↑ "EAC loses one more Ivy League professor after Atif Mian" (in en). The News. 7 September 2018. https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/365268-after-atif-mian-eac-loses-one-more-ivy-league-professor. 
  58. ↑ "Asim Ijaz Khawaja, leading international economist quits Pakistan EAC as protest" (in en). Times of Islamabad. 7 September 2018. https://timesofislamabad.com/07-Sep-2018/dr-asim-ijaz-khawaja-leading-international-economist-quits-pakistan-eac-as-protest. 
  59. ↑ "Imran Rasul resigns from EAC in solidarity with Atif Mian". The Express Tribune. 8 September 2018. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1798271/1-imran-rasul-resigns-eac-protest-atif-mians-removal/. 




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