Hu–Washizu principle

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In continuum mechanics, and in particular in finite element analysis, the Hu–Washizu principle is a variational principle which says that the action

[math]\displaystyle{ \int_{V^e} \left[ \frac{1}{2} \varepsilon^T C \varepsilon - \sigma^T \varepsilon + \sigma^T (\nabla u) - \bar{p}^T u \right] dV - \int_{S_\sigma^e} \bar{T}^T u\ dS }[/math]

is stationary, where [math]\displaystyle{ C }[/math] is the elastic stiffness tensor. The Hu–Washizu principle is used to develop mixed finite element methods.[1] The principle is named after Hu Haichang and Kyūichirō Washizu.

References

  1. Jihuan, He (June 1997). "Equivalent theorem of Hellinger–Reissner and Hu–Washizu variational principles". Journal of Shanghai University (Shanghai University Press) 1 (1): 36–41. doi:10.1007/s11741-997-0041-1. ISSN 1007-6417. 

Further reading

  • K. Washizu: Variational Methods in Elasticity & Plasticity, Pergamon Press, New York, 3rd edition (1982)
  • O. C. Zienkiewicz, R. L. Taylor, J. Z. Zhu : The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals, Butterworth–Heinemann, (2005).