Biography:Maurice Kleman
Maurice Kleman | |
|---|---|
 Maurice Kleman in 2014 (courtesy of Jean-François Dars) | |
| Born | August 11, 1934 |
| Died | January 29, 2021 (aged 86) |
| Nationality | France |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
Maurice Kleman (alternate spelling Kléman; 11 August 1934 – 29 January 2021) was a French physicist involved in experimental and theoretical studies of the physics of defects; he has covered various fields of research, from condensed matter to heliophysics. As an author, he has been collected by libraries worldwide.[1][2]
Early life
Kleman was born in Paris in a family of Jewish origin which was saved from the Nazi persecutions during the Second World War by the inhabitants of the village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, Haute-Loire, as many other refugees were; this village is collectively honored as Righteous Among the Nations.
Education
Ecole Polytechnique and Ecole des Mines de Paris; PhD under J. Friedel’s supervision on ferromagnetic thin films, at the French Iron and Steel Institute (IRSID). Postdoc at the University of Oxford.
Career
Kleman belonged to the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) since 1969, first as a member of the Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS) in Orsay (1969-1993), which he headed from 1982 to 1984, then of the Laboratoire de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie de Paris (LMCP). He joined the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) in 2010 and has been visiting professor at the Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Research
Kleman’s research covers many domains, in materials science (liquid crystals, quasicrystals, magnetic systems, amorphous media), more recently in heliophysics (magnetic flux ropes). In all these domains his interests are concerned with the concept of defect,[3][4][5] in the continuation of F.C. Frank and J. Friedel.[6] He demonstrated the role of curved crystal defects in the topology of frustrated systems.[7][8] He developed with J. Friedel the concepts of continuous defects.[9] He showed that interplanetary magnetic flux ropes can be understood as extended singularities of the vector potential.[10]
Awards
- 1975: Médaille d'argent du CNRS
- 1980: Prix de Physique Jean Ricard de la Société Française de Physique[11]
- 2007: Grand Prix de l’Académie des Sciences (prix du CEA)[12][13]
- 2018: International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Books
- Kleman, Maurice (1983). Points, lines and walls: in liquid crystals, magnetic systems and various ordered media. Wiley. ISBN 9780471101949.
- Kleman, Maurice; Lavrentovich, Oleg D. (January 2003). Soft Matter Physics, an Introduction. New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/b97416. ISBN 9780387217598.
- Kleman, Maurice (2016). Chronologie d'un physicien. Montrouge: Calvage & Mounet. ISBN 9782916352602.
References
- ↑ "Kléman, Maurice". worldcat.org. https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n78066636/. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
- ↑ "OBITUARY FOR MAURICE KLEMAN". Kent Education. https://www.kent.edu/amlci/news/obituary-maurice-kleman.
- ↑ Toulouse, G.; Kleman, M. (1976). "Principles of a classification of defects in ordered media". Journal de Physique Lettres 37 (6): 149–151. doi:10.1051/jphyslet:01976003706014900. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00231261/document.
- ↑ Anderson, Philip W. (1997). Basic notions of condensed matter physics. Westview Press. ISBN 0201328305.
- ↑ Kleman, M.; Michel, L. (1978). "Spontaneous breaking of Euclidean invariance and classification of topologically stable defects and configurations of crystals and liquid crystals". Physical Review Letters 40 (21): 1387–1390. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.40.1387. Bibcode: 1978PhRvL..40.1387K. http://www.numdam.org/item/RCP25_1978__26__45_0/.
- ↑ "Interview of Jacques Friedel by Hervé Arribart et Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, 17 octobre 2001". https://www.sho.espci.fr/spip.php?article80&lang=fr. "De Gennes s’est penché sur l’étude des dislocations de ces corps. Mais c’est plutôt Maurice Kléman (laboratoire de Physique des solides d’Orsay, puis laboratoire de minéralogie et cristallographie de Jussieu) qui a développé ce domaine en liaison avec F.C. Franck."
- ↑ Kleman, M.; Sadoc, J.F. (1979). "A tentative description of the crystallography of amorphous solids". Journal de Physique Lettres 40 (21): 569–574. doi:10.1051/jphyslet:019790040021056900. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00231690/document.
- ↑ Kleman, M. (1985). "Frustration in polymers". Journal de Physique Lettres 46 (16): 723–732. doi:10.1051/jphyslet:019850046016072300. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00232890/file/ajp-jphyslet_1985_46_16_723_0.pdf.
- ↑ Kleman, M.; Friedel, J. (2008). "Disclinations, dislocations, and continuous defects: A reappraisal". Reviews of Modern Physics 80 (1): 61–115. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.80.61. Bibcode: 2008RvMP...80...61K.
- ↑ Kleman, M. (2015). "Flux ropes as singularities of the vector potential". Solar Physics 290 (3): 707–725. doi:10.1007/s11207-015-0647-6. Bibcode: 2015SoPh..290..707K.
- ↑ "Grands Prix de la Société Française de Physique". https://www.sfpnet.fr/prix/prix-jean-ricard.
- ↑ "Winners of French Academy of Sciences Award 2007". http://www.academie-sciences.fr/archivage_site/activite/prix/laureat_07.pdf.
- ↑ "French Academy of Sciences Award 2007 Ceremony - Reading the charts by Jean Salençon, Vice-Président de l'Académie des sciences". http://www.academie-sciences.fr/archivage_site/activite/prix/s050208_palmares.pdf.
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