Biology:GADD45B

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta, also known as GADD45B, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GADD45B gene.

Function

This gene is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The genes in this group respond to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway. This activation is mediated via their proteins binding and activating MTK1/MEKK4 kinase, which is an upstream activator of both p38 and JNK MAPKs. The function of these genes or their protein products is involved in the regulation of growth and apoptosis. These genes are regulated by different mechanisms, but they are often coordinately expressed and can function cooperatively in inhibiting cell growth.

Gadd45b is required for activity-induced DNA demethylation of specific promoters and expression of corresponding genes necessary for adult neurogenesis, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and fibroblast growth factor. Hence GADD45B is implicated in affecting synaptic plasticity.

Interactions

GADD45B has been shown to interact with:

• ASK1,
• GADD45GIP1,
• MAP2K7 and
• MAP3K4.

See also

• Gadd45

Further reading

• "Sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding MyD118: a novel myeloid differentiation primary response gene induced by multiple cytokines". Oncogene 6 (1): 165–7. Jan 1991. PMID 1899477. 
• "The differentiation primary response gene MyD118, related to GADD45, encodes for a nuclear protein which interacts with PCNA and p21WAF1/CIP1". Oncogene 12 (12): 2579–94. Jun 1996. PMID 8700517. 
• "Cell cycle and apoptosis: possible roles of Gadd45 and MyD118 proteins inferred from their homology to ribosomal proteins". Journal of Molecular Medicine 75 (4): 236–8. Apr 1997. PMID 9151207. 
• "A family of stress-inducible GADD45-like proteins mediate activation of the stress-responsive MTK1/MEKK4 MAPKKK". Cell 95 (4): 521–30. Nov 1998. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81619-0. PMID 9827804. 
• "Post-transcriptional regulation of MyD118 and GADD45 in human lung carcinoma cells during 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2- naphthalene carboxylic acid-induced apoptosis". Molecular Pharmacology 55 (4): 668–76. Apr 1999. PMID 10101024. 
• "Assignment of human GADD45G to chromosome 9q22.1-->q22.3 by radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 88 (1–2): 95–6. 2000. doi:10.1159/000015496. PMID 10773677. 
• "Characterization of MyD118, Gadd45, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) interacting domains. PCNA impedes MyD118 AND Gadd45-mediated negative growth control". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 (22): 16810–9. Jun 2000. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.22.16810. PMID 10828065. 
• "Gadd45 family proteins are coactivators of nuclear hormone receptors". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 272 (1): 193–8. May 2000. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2760. PMID 10872826. 
• "Identification of a functional domain in a GADD45-mediated G2/M checkpoint". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 (47): 36892–8. Nov 2000. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005319200. PMID 10973963. 
• "UV-induced expression of GADD45 is mediated by an oxidant sensitive pathway in cultured human keratinocytes and in human skin in vivo". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 6 (6): 683–8. Dec 2000. doi:10.3892/ijmm.6.6.683. PMID 11078829. 
• "Oligomerization of human Gadd45a protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (42): 39330–9. Oct 2001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105115200. PMID 11498536. 
• "GADD45b and GADD45g are cdc2/cyclinB1 kinase inhibitors with a role in S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints induced by genotoxic stress". Journal of Cellular Physiology 192 (3): 327–38. Sep 2002. doi:10.1002/jcp.10140. PMID 12124778. 
• "Regulation of the gadd45beta promoter by NF-kappaB". DNA and Cell Biology 21 (7): 491–503. Jul 2002. doi:10.1089/104454902320219059. PMID 12162804. 
• "CR6-interacting factor 1 interacts with Gadd45 family proteins and modulates the cell cycle". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (30): 28079–88. Jul 2003. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212835200. PMID 12716909. 
• "Down-regulation of growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 45beta expression is associated with human hepatocellular carcinoma". The American Journal of Pathology 162 (6): 1961–74. Jun 2003. doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64329-5. PMID 12759252. 
• "Gadd45 beta mediates the protective effects of CD40 costimulation against Fas-induced apoptosis". Blood 102 (9): 3270–9. Nov 2003. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-03-0689. PMID 12855571. 
• "Identification of a gadd45beta 3' enhancer that mediates SMAD3- and SMAD4-dependent transcriptional induction by transforming growth factor beta". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (7): 5278–87. Feb 2004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M311517200. PMID 14630914. 
• "Gadd45 beta mediates the NF-kappa B suppression of JNK signalling by targeting MKK7/JNKK2". Nature Cell Biology 6 (2): 146–53. Feb 2004. doi:10.1038/ncb1093. PMID 14743220.