Biology:Hymenocallis occidentalis

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Short description: Species of flowering plant

Woodland spider-lily
Hymenocallis occidentalis Arkansas.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Hymenocallis
Species:
H. occidentalis
Binomial name
Hymenocallis occidentalis
(J.LeConte) Kunth
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Hymenocallis bidentata Small
  • Hymenocallis moldenkeana Traub
  • Pancratium occidentale J. Le Conte
In the Okefenokee Swamp

Hymenocallis occidentalis is a plant species native to the southern United States . It is known along the Gulf Coast from South Carolina to Texas , and in the Mississippi Valley as far north as southern Illinois and Indiana .[3] It is also cultivated as an ornamental elsewhere because of its showy, sweet-smelling flowers.[1] Common names include woodland spider-lily, hammock spider-lily or northern spider-lily.[4]

Many of the other U.S. species of the genus grow in wetlands and along streambanks, but H. occidentalis can often be found in mesic forests.[1] Some of the Mexican species (e. g. H. clivorum and H. pimana) can similarly be found some distance from waterways.[5][6][7]

Hymenocallis occidentalis is a bulb-forming perennial herb bearing an umbel of 3-9 showy flowers, each white with a green center, opening one at a time. Leaves are lanceolate, up to 60 cm long and 6 cm wide at their widest points.[1][7][8][9][10]

The name Hymenocallis caroliniana has been frequently misapplied to this species but is properly a synonym of Pancratium maritimum.

Varieties

(As of May 2021), Plants of the World Online accepted two varieties:[11]

  • Hymenocallis occidentalis var. eulae (Shinners) Ger.L.Sm. & Flory – native to Oklahoma and Texas
  • Hymenocallis occidentalis var. occidentalis – native to Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Flora of North America vol 26, p 285.
  2. ↑ The Plant List
  3. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map
  4. ↑ "Hymenocallis occidentalis". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=HYOC2. 
  5. ↑ Laferrière, Joseph E. 1998. A new Hymenocallis (Amaryllidaceae) from Sonora, Mexico. Novon 8:242-243.
  6. ↑ Laferrière, Joseph E. 1990. Hymenocallis pimana (Amaryllidaceae): a new species from northwestern Mexico. Phytologia 68(4):255-259.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
  8. ↑ Traub, Hamilton Paul. 1962. Plant life. Stanford 18: 71, Hymenocallis moldenkeana
  9. ↑ Le Conte, John. 1836. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 3: 146, Pancratium occidentale.
  10. ↑ Kunth, Karl Sigismund. 1850. Enumeratio Plantarum Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum 5: 856. Hymenocallis occidentalis'
  11. ↑ "Hymenocallis occidentalis (Leconte) Kunth". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1170057-2. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q5410133 entry




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