Biology:Malvaviscus arboreus

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Short description: Species of flowering plant

Malvaviscus arboreus
Starr 080716-9482 Malvaviscus arboreus.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Genus: Malvaviscus
Species:
M. arboreus
Binomial name
Malvaviscus arboreus
Varieties

See text

Synonyms[2]
  • Achania mollis Aiton

Malvaviscus arboreus is a species of flowering plant in the hibiscus family, Malvaceae,[2] that is native to the American South,[3] Mexico, Central America, and South America. The specific name, arboreus, refers to the tree-like appearance of a mature plant. It is now popular in cultivation[4] and goes by many English names including wax mallow, Turk's cap (mallow), Turk's turban, sleeping hibiscus, manzanilla, manzanita (de pollo), ladies teardrop and Scotchman's purse; many of these common names refer to other, in some cases unrelated, plants. Its flowers do not open fully and help attract butterflies and hummingbirds.

Distribution

Malvaviscus arboreus is native to Central America, Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of the United States, particularly as an understory shrub in coastal Texas and Louisiana.[5]

Habitat and ecology

TurkCap or Scotchman's purse -- Malvaviscus arboreus is a flower native to Texas

Malvaviscus arboreus is a common understory shrub where it occurs in Texas and is an important food source for female and juvenile Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubri) and Black-chinned Hummingbirds (A. alexandri). Each individual flower lasts two days but contains more nectar on the first day.[6]

An example occurrence of M. arboreus is within the coastal Petenes mangroves of the Yucatán region of Mexico, in which plant community it is a subdominant species.[7] M. arboreus is the primary host plant for the caterpillars of the Turk's-cap White-Skipper (Heliopetes macaira).[8]

Cultivation

Malvaviscus arboreus is commonly cultivated in shady to sunny sites in butterfly and hummingbird gardens across the southern United States. It can be propagated from fresh seeds or from softwood cuttings. It often blooms from May through November, but will bloom throughout a mild winter.[9]

Varieties

  • Malvaviscus arboreus var. arboreus
  • Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii (Torr. & A.Gray) Schery (= Malvaviscus drummondii Torr. & A.Gray)[10]
  • Malvaviscus arboreus var. mexicanus Schltdl.[11]

References

  1. ↑ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group; González-Espinosa, M.; Ramírez-Marcial, N. (2019). "Malvaviscus arboreus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T136790582A136790584. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T136790582A136790584.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136790582/136790584. Retrieved 26 November 2022. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Malvaviscus arboreus | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 2010-03-23 }}
  3. ↑ "Malvaviscus arboreus Dill. ex Cav. wax mallow". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MAAR14. 
  4. ↑ Clay, Horace F.; James C. Hubbard (1987). Tropical Shrubs. University of Hawaii Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-8248-1128-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=692L-8HWiEsC. 
  5. ↑ Turner, Billie L.; Mendenhall, Meghan G. (1993). "A Revision of Malvaviscus (Malvaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 80 (2): 439–457. doi:10.2307/2399792. ISSN 0026-6493. https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/31149/1/RevisionOfMalvaviscus.pdf. 
  6. ↑ George, Mary Wissink (October 1980). "Hummingbird foraging behavior at Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii". The Auk 97 (4): 790–794. doi:10.1093/auk/97.4.790. https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v097n04/p0790-p0794.pdf. 
  7. ↑ World Wildlife Fund. eds. Mark McGinley, C.Michael Hogan & C. Cleveland. 2010. Petenes mangroves. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC
  8. ↑ "Turk's-cap White-Skipper Heliopetes macaira (Reakirt, [1867)"]. Butterflies and Moths of North America. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species?l=2019. 
  9. ↑ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=MAARD. 
  10. ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?105660 | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 2010-03-23 }}
  11. ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Malvaviscus arboreus var. mexicanus | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?105661 | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 2010-03-23 }}


Wikidata ☰ Q2709838 entry




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