Biology:Hadopyrgus ngataana
| Hadopyrgus ngataana | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Tateidae |
| Genus: | Hadopyrgus |
| Species: | H. ngataana
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| Binomial name | |
| Hadopyrgus ngataana Haase, 2008[2]
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| Synonyms | |
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Hadopyrgus ngataana is a tiny, transparent, and critically endangered freshwater snail, found only in a single stream in a cave in New Zealand.
Habitat
This snail has only been found in one spot: in one pool, in a stream at the entrance of Maitai Cave, in the Maitai River Valley southeast of Nelson. It is one of a group of very small, blind, transparent freshwater snails found in caves or underground streams,[3] especially in Northwest Nelson, and like many of these species has evolved in just one small area.[4]
Taxonomy
The tiny (1.7 x 1.2 mm)[5] snail was discovered by Frank Climo in the 1970s, but was considered to be just one form of another subterranean Hadopyrgus snail found in the Nelson area.[3][6] In 2001 Martin Haase and Christina Mosimann collected more specimens from Maitai Cave by washing and sieving gravel, and using both morphological and genetic evidence realised these belonged to a distinct species.[7] They scientifically described and named it Hadopyrgus ngataana in 2008;[2] the name they chose, ngataana, comes from the Māori words ngata (snail or slug) and ana (cave).[6]
Conservation status
In November 2018 the Department of Conservation classified H. ngataana as Nationally Critical, using the New Zealand Threat Classification System.[1] The species meets the Nationally Critical criteria because it is found in just one location, and occupies a total area of less than 1 hectare.[1] Because Maitai Cave is a popular recreational area, and the stream the species has evolved in is so small, the population of this critically endangered snail is expected to decline.[1]
While it is possible for freshwater invertebrates to be legally protected under the Wildlife Amendment Act 1980, neither H. ngataana nor any other New Zealand freshwater invertebrate has been protected.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Grainger, N.; Harding, J.; Drinan, T.; Collier, K.; Smith, B.; Death, R.; Makan, T.; Rolfe, J. (November 2018). "Conservation status of New Zealand freshwater invertebrates, 2018". New Zealand Threat Classification Series 28: 1–29. https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs28entire.pdf.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Haase, Martin (2008). "The radiation of hydrobiid gastropods in New Zealand: A revision including the description of new species based on morphology and mtDNA sequence information". Systematics and Biodiversity 6 (1): 99–159. doi:10.1017/S1477200007002630.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Climo, F. M. (1974). "Description and affinities of the subterranean molluscan fauna of New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Zoology 1 (3): 247–284. doi:10.1080/03014223.1974.9517834. ISSN 0301-4223.
- ↑ Collier, Kevin (28 February 2007). "Revealing the diversity of New Zealand hydrobiid snails". NIWA. https://www.niwa.co.nz/aquatic-biodiversity-and-biosecurity/update/issue-07-2004/revealing-the-diversity-of-new-zealand-hydrobiid-snails.
- ↑ "Hadopyrgus ngataana Haase, 2008". http://www.mollusca.co.nz/speciesdetail.php?speciesid=2785&species=Hadopyrgus%20ngataana.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Arnold, Naomi (11 December 2015). "New Zealand's loneliest snail that calls Nelson's Maitai Caves home". Nelson Mail (Fairfax Media). http://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/73234748/new-zealands-loneliest-snail-that-calls-nelsons-maitai-caves-home.
- ↑ "Object: Freshwater snail, Hadopyrgus ngataana Haase, 2008; holotype | Collections Online - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa". http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/642777.
- ↑ Miskelly, Colin (2016), "Legal protection of New Zealand's indigenous aquatic fauna–an historical review", Tuhinga 27: 84, http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/publication/download/386421/MA_DOC001687.pdf
External links
- Hadopyrgus ngataana discussed on RNZ Critter of the Week, 23 November 2018
Wikidata ☰ Q21784200 entry
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