Engineering:List of Proton launches (1970–1979)
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This is a list of launches made by the Proton rocket between 1970 and 1979. All launches were conducted from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
Launches
| Date/Time (UTC) | Configuration | Serial number | Launch pad | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Payload | Separation orbit | Operator | Function | ||
| Remarks | |||||
1970 | |||||
| 6 February 1970 04:16 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 247-01 | Site 81/23 | Failure | |
| Luna E-8-5 #405 | Highly elliptical (intended) | Lunar sample return | |||
| First stage accidentally shut down T+128 seconds due to false alarm from pressure gauge. | |||||
| 18 August 1970 03:45 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 246-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| 82-EV | Suborbital | Test flight | |||
| Investigation into high failure rate of Proton launches | |||||
| 12 September 1970 13:35 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 248-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Luna 16 (Luna E-8-5 #406) | Highly elliptical | Lunar sample return | |||
| 20 October 1970 19:55 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 250-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Zond 8 (Soyuz 7K-L1 #14) | Highly elliptical | Spacecraft test | |||
| 10 November 1970 14:44 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 251-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Luna 17 (Luna E-8 #203) | Highly elliptical | Lunar lander | |||
| Deployed Lunokhod 1 rover | |||||
| 2 December 1970 17:00 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 252-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Kosmos 382 (Soyuz 7K-L1E #2K) | Medium Earth | Test flight | |||
| Test of Block D upper stage[1] | |||||
1971 | |||||
| 19 April 1971 01:40 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 254-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Salyut 1 (DOS-1) | Low Earth | Space station | |||
| First space station | |||||
| 10 May 1971 16:58 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 253-01 | Site 81/23 | Failure | |
| Kosmos 419 (Mars-3MS #170) | Heliocentric (intended) Low Earth (achieved) |
Mars orbiter | |||
| Upper stage failed to ignite as timer was programmed in years instead of hours. | |||||
| 19 May 1971 16:22 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 255-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Mars 2 (Mars-4M #171) | Heliocentric | Mars probe | |||
| 28 May 1971 15:26 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 249-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Mars 3 (Mars-4M #172) | Heliocentric | Mars probe | |||
| 2 September 1971 13:40 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 256-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Luna 18 (Luna E-8-5 #207) | Highly elliptical | Lunar sample return | |||
| Payload later failed | |||||
| 28 September 1971 10:00 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 257-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Luna 19 (Luna E-8LS #202) | Highly elliptical | Lunar orbiter | |||
1972 | |||||
| 14 February 1972 03:27 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 258-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Luna 20 (Luna E-8-5 #408) | Highly elliptical | Lunar sample return | |||
| 29 July 1972 03:20 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 260-01 | Site 81/24 | Failure | |
| DOS-2 | Low Earth (intended) | Space station | |||
| Second stage pitch control failure. Automatic shutdown commanded T+180 seconds. | |||||
1973 | |||||
| 8 January 1973 06:55 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 259-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Luna 21 (Luna E-8 #204) | Highly elliptical | Lunar lander | |||
| Deployed Lunokhod 2 rover | |||||
| 3 April 1973 09:00 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 283-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Salyut 2 (Almaz OPS-1) | Low Earth | Space station | |||
| Payload later failed | |||||
| 11 May 1973 00:20 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 284-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Kosmos 557 (DOS-3) | Low Earth | Space station | |||
| Payload later failed | |||||
| 21 July 1973 19:20 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 261-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Mars 4 (Mars-3MS #52S) | Heliocentric | Mars orbiter | |||
| Payload later failed | |||||
| 25 July 1973 18:55 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 262-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Mars 5 (Mars-3MS #53S) | Heliocentric | Mars orbiter | |||
| Payload later failed | |||||
| 5 August 1973 17:45 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 281-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Mars 6 (Mars-3MP #50P) | Heliocentric | Mars probe | |||
| 9 August 1973 17:00 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 281-02 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Mars 7 (Mars-3MP #51P) | Heliocentric | Mars probe | |||
1974 | |||||
| 26 March 1974 13:35 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 282-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Kosmos 637 (Raduga GVM) | Geosynchronous | Test flight | |||
| First Proton launch with Block DM upper stage, first Soviet launch to geosynchronous orbit, boilerplate payload | |||||
| 29 May 1974 08:56 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 282-02 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Luna 22 (Luna E-8LS #206) | Highly elliptical | Lunar orbiter | |||
| 24 June 1974 22:38 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 283-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Salyut 3 (Almaz OPS-2) | Low Earth | Space station | |||
| 29 July 1974 12:00 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 287-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Molniya-1S | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| 28 October 1974 14:30 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 285-02 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Luna 23 (Luna E-8-5M #410) | Highly elliptical | Lunar sample return | |||
| Spacecraft later failed | |||||
| 26 December 1974 04:15 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 284-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Salyut 4 (DOS-4) | Low Earth | Space station | |||
1975 | |||||
| 8 June 1975 02:38 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 286-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Venera 9 (Venera 4V-1 #660) | Heliocentric | Venus probe | |||
| 14 June 1975 03:00 |
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 285-02 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Venera 10 (Venera 4V-1 #661) | Heliocentric | Venus probe | |||
| 8 October 1975 00:30 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 286-02 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Kosmos 775 (Prognoz) | Geosynchronous | Missile defence | |||
| Spacecraft later failed | |||||
| 16 October 1975, 04:04 | Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824 | 287-02 | Site 81/23 | Failure | |
| Luna E-8-5M #412 | Highly elliptical (intended) | Lunar sample return | |||
| Final flight of Proton-K with Block D upper stage, upper stage malfunctioned | |||||
| 22 December 1975 13:00 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 288-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Gran' #11L (Raduga) | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
1976 | |||||
| 22 June 1976 18:04 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 290-02 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Salyut 5 (Almaz OPS-3) | Low Earth | Space station | |||
| 9 August 1976 15:04 |
Proton-K/D-1 8K82K/11S824M | 288-02 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Luna 24 (Luna E-8-5M #413) | Highly elliptical | Lunar sample return | |||
| First flight of Proton-K with Block D-1 upper stage | |||||
| 11 September 1976 18:24 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 289-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Gran' #12L (Raduga) | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| 26 October 1976 14:50 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 290-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Ekran #11L | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| 15 December 1976 01:30 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 289-02 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Kosmos 881 (TKS VA #009A/1) | Low Earth | Spacecraft test | |||
| Kosmos 882 (TKS VA #009/1) | Low Earth | Spacecraft test | |||
1977 | |||||
| 17 July 1977 09:00 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 293-02 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Kosmos 929 (TKS #16101) | Low Earth | Spacecraft test | |||
| 23 July 1977 21:15 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 291-01 | Site 200/40 | Successful | |
| Gran' #13L | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| First launch from Site 200 | |||||
| 4 August 1977 22:00 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 293-01 | Site 81/24 | Failure | |
| TKS VA #009A/P | Low Earth (intended) | Spacecraft test | |||
| TKS VA #009/P | Low Earth (intended) | Spacecraft test | |||
| First stage thrust vectoring failure. Automatic shutdown commanded T+53 seconds. Upper spacecraft ejected by launch escape system | |||||
| 20 September 1977 17:28 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 291-02 | Site 200/40 | Successful | |
| Ekran #12L | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| 29 September 1977 06:50 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 295-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Salyut 6 (DOS-5) | Low Earth | Space station | |||
| Last launch of State Trials | |||||
1978 | |||||
| 30 March 1978 00:00 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 292-01 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Kosmos 997 (TKS VA #009A/P2) | Low Earth | Spacecraft test | |||
| Kosmos 998 (TKS VA #009P/2) | Low Earth | Spacecraft test | |||
| 27 May 1978 01:25 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 294-02 | Site 200/40 | Failure | |
| Ekran #13L | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| First stage thrust vectoring malfunction starting at T+87 seconds. Automatic cutoff T+119 seconds. | |||||
| 18 July 1978 21:59 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 292-02 | Site 200/40 | Successful | |
| Gran' #14L (Raduga) | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| 17 August 1978 20:02 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 297-02 | Site 200/40 | Failure | |
| Ekran #15L | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| Second stage control failure caused by hot gas leak. Automatic shutdown commanded T+252 seconds. | |||||
| 9 September 1978 03:25 |
Proton-K/D-1 8K82K/11S824M | 296-01 | Site 81/23 | Successful | |
| Venera 11 (Venera 4V-1 #360) | Heliocentric | Venus probe | |||
| 14 September 1978 02:25 |
Proton-K/D-1 8K82K/11S824M | 296-02 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Venera 12 (Venera 4V-1 #361) | Heliocentric | Venus probe | |||
| 17 October 1978 16:04 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 298-01 | Site 200/40 | Failure | |
| Ekran #14L | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| Second stage engine failure T+236 seconds due to ingestion of debris into the turbopumps | |||||
| 19 December 1978, 12:15 | Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 295-02 | Site 200/40 | Partial failure | |
| Gorizont #11L | Geosynchronous (planned) Medium Earth (achieved) |
Communications | |||
| Upper stage malfunctioned, leaving satellite in wrong orbit. Spacecraft was able to correct its orbit, at the expense of onboard fuel. | |||||
1979 | |||||
| 21 February 1979 07:49 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 294-01 | Site 200/40 | Successful | |
| Ekran #16L | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| 25 April 1979 03:44 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 298-02 | Site 200/40 | Successful | |
| Gran' #15L (Raduga) | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| 22 May 1979 23:00 |
Proton-K 8K82K | 200-02 | Site 81/24 | Successful | |
| Kosmos 1100 (TKS VA #0102A) | Low Earth | Spacecraft test | |||
| Kosmos 1101 (TKS VA #0102) | Low Earth | Spacecraft test | |||
| Planned to be a crewed launch, converted to an uncrewed test due to failures on previous missions. Rocket reused after an abort after ignition on 20 April, during attempted launch of two other TKS spacecraft.[2] | |||||
| 5 July 1979 23:19 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 299-01 | Site 200/40 | Successful | |
| Gorizont #12L | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| 3 October 1979 17:12 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 302-02 | Site 200/40 | Successful | |
| Ekran #17L | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
| 28 December 1979 11:51 |
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86 | 303-01 | Site 200/40 | Successful | |
| Gorizont #13L | Geosynchronous | Communications | |||
References
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- Wade, Mark. "Proton". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/proton.htm. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ↑ Wade, Mark. "Soyuz 7K-L1E". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 6 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100906230604/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/soy7kl1e.htm. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ↑ Wade, Mark. "Cosmos 1100". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/flights/coss1100.htm. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
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