Unsolved:Herbal viagra
Herbal viagra is a herbal product advertised as treating erectile dysfunction.[1] Many different products are advertised as herbal viagra, but with varying ingredients. No clinical trials or scientific studies support the effectiveness of any of these ingredients for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and some products have been found to contain drugs and other adulterants, and have been the subject of FDA and FTC warnings and actions to remove them from the market.[2]
The name "herbal viagra" is taken from the brand name Viagra, under which drug company Pfizer sells sildenafil citrate, a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction.[3] Viagra has become a generic term for many people discussing drugs designed to treat erectile dysfunction, even those which do not contain sildenafil.[4]
Herbal viagras, contrary to what the name suggests, do not normally contain sildenafil citrate. However, sildenafil and chemicals similar to sildenafil have been found as adulterants in many supplements which are sold as herbal viagra or "natural" sexual enhancement products.[5][6][7] The United States Food and Drug Administration has warned consumers that any sexual enhancement product that claims to work as well as prescription products is likely to contain such a contaminant.[7] Scientists estimated that over 60% of the consumed sildenafil in the Netherlands is from illegal sources such as adulterated dietary supplements.[8]
Herbal viagras often carry a number of dangerous side effects. Primarily, they cause abnormally low blood pressure and can restrict blood flow to vital organs. Some preparations may be toxic if taken in larger doses.[1] Additional side effects and dangers of common herbal viagra adulterants, such as sulfoaildenafil, acetildenafil and other analogs, are unknown because these ingredients have not had thorough review in human clinical trials.[5][9][10]
Herbal viagra is predominantly sold through the internet, and in 2003 approximately 4% or 1 in 25 of all email spam offered herbal viagra, genuine pharmaceuticals, and other herbal remedies.[11]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "'Herbal Viagra' : Is it safe ?". Mayoclinic.com. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/herbal-viagra/AN00702. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ Miller, Michael E.; Moyer, Justin Wm (15 October 2015). "'Herbal Viagra' pills linked to Lamar Odom collapse were subject of FDA warning". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/10/15/herbal-viagra-pills-linked-to-lamar-odom-collapse-were-subject-of-fda-warning/.
- ↑ Rzepa, H.S. (1998-05-04). "Viagra (Sildenafil)". Imperial College, London. http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/motm/viagra.html. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ Posner, Michael L. (2002). "Viagra: St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture". St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. Gale Group. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_tov/ai_2419101282. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Venhuis, B; De Kaste, D (2012). "Towards a decade of detecting new analogues of sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil in food supplements: A history, analytical aspects and health risks.". J Pharm Biomed Anal 69: 196–208. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2012.02.014. PMID 22464558.
- ↑ "Consumer Updates - 'All Natural' Alternatives for Erectile Dysfunction: A Risky Proposition" (in en). FDA. October 1, 2015. https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm465024.htm.
- ↑ Venhuis BJ, de Voogt, P, Emke, E, Causanilles, A, Keizers, PHJ (2014). "Success of rogue online pharmacies: sewage study of sildenafil in the Netherlands". BMJ 349: g4317. doi:10.1136/bmj.g4317. PMID 24989165. https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/2201874/156086_Success_of_rogue_online_pharmacies.pdf.
- ↑ Venhuis, BJ; Blok-Tip, L; De Kaste, D (2008). "Designer drugs in herbal aphrodisiacs". Forensic Science International 177 (2–3): e25–7. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.11.007. PMID 18178354.
- ↑ Oh, SS; Zou, P; Low, MY; Koh, HL (2006). "Detection of sildenafil analogues in herbal products for erectile dysfunction". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A 69 (21): 1951–8. doi:10.1080/15287390600751355. PMID 16982533.
- ↑ "Spam growth increases during March". ZDNet UK. http://news.zdnet.co.uk/itmanagement/0,1000000308,2133190,00.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
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