Biology:Pax Austriaca
The term Pax Austriaca, sometimes Pax Habsburgica, has been used by scholars to describe the imperial ideology of the House of Habsburg, also known as House of Austria.[1][2][3] The Archduke Frederick III is credited as the initiator of the ideology as he was the first Habsburg to be elected Holy Roman Emperor, and coined the motto A.E.I.O.U. (All the world is subject to Austria).[4] His successor Emperor Maximilian I expanded Habsburg territories and did so with marriages rather than war, thus establishing the motto "Bella gerunt alii, tu felix Austria nube" ("let others wage war; you, happy Austria, marry").[4] Charles V notably attempted to actually enforce the hegemonical peace in Europe.[4] Further attempts to establish a Pax Habsburgica in Europe continued until the 30 years war.[3] The Peace of Westphalia ended the universal aspirations of the Habsburg monarchy and put an end to the possibility of a Pax Austriaca, although the term has also been used to describe later policies of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary.[5]
References
- ↑ University of California, Los Angeles Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies (1972) (in en). Viator. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02145-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=zgIecVhvs9EC&q=Habsburg+empire+of+Charles+V+pax+austriaca&pg=PA433.
- ↑ Krasa, Selma (2007) (in de). Die Allegorie der Austria: die Entstehung des Gesamtstaatsgedankens in der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie und die bildende Kunst. Böhlau Verlag Wien. ISBN 978-3-205-77580-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=-Y9TlCPXegMC&q=Pax+Austriaca+rudolf+Ii&pg=PA30.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Olsen, John Andreas; Gray, Colin S. (2011-10-27) (in en). The Practice of Strategy: From Alexander the Great to the Present. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-960863-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=U95Ggh1_dAcC&q=resisting+pax+austriaca&pg=PA139.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ladner, Gerhart Burian (1983) (in en). Images and Ideas in the Middle Ages: Selected Studies in History and Art. Edizioni di storia e letteratura. https://books.google.com/books?id=V8ufAAAAMAAJ&q=Frederick+III.
- ↑ Mitchell, A. Wess (2019) (in en). The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-19644-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=-ciXDwAAQBAJ&q=pax+austriaca&pg=PA228.
External links
- The Middle Ages in the Austrian tradition in Images and Ideas of the Middle Ages
- The grand strategy of the Habsbsburg Empire
- Pax Austriaca: Sinn und Geschichte des österreichischen Staatsgedankens
- The Practice of Strategy: From Alexander the Great to the Present
- Gasparo Contarini, Venice, Rome, and Reform
- Le prime strette dell'Austria in Italia
- Die Allegorie der Austria: die Entstehung des Gesamtstaatsgedankens in der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie und die bildende Kunst
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