Lippmann diagram
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A Lippmann diagram is a graphical plot showing the solidus/solutus equilibrium states for a given binary solid solution (e.g., (Ba1-xSrx)SO4, barite/celestite) in equilibrium with an aqueous solution containing the two substituting ions: Ba2+ and Sr2+ (solid solution – aqueous solution system, or SS-AS). It was proposed in the 1970s by F. Lippmann[1] to determine excess Gibbs functions.[2] This diagram summarizes the thermodynamic basis of solid-solution aqueous-solution systems (SS-AS) equilibria and helps to predict the nucleation kinetics for solid solutions crystallizing from an aqueous solution.[3]
In the diagram, the abscissa (horizontal axis) represents two variables with different scales to represent both the solid phase mole fraction and the aqueous activity fraction. The ordinate (vertical axis) represents the solid phase.[4]
There are two variants of Lippmann diagrams:[citation needed]
- Ion-activity Lippmann diagram
- Total-scale Lippmann diagram
References
- ↑ Marfunin, A.S. (1998). Advanced Mineralogy: Volume 3: Mineral Matter in Space, Mantle, Ocean Floor, Biosphere, Environmental Management, and Jewelry. Advanced Mineralogy. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-58245-8.
- ↑ Lippmann, F (1980). "Phase diagrams depicting aqueous solubility of binary mineral systems". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 139: 1–25.
- ↑ Gamsjäger, Heinz; Königsberger, Erich; Preis, Wolfgang (2000-06-01). "Lippmann Diagrams: Theory and Application to Carbonate Systems". Aquatic Geochemistry 6 (2): 119–132. doi:10.1023/A:1009690502299. ISSN 1573-1421.
- ↑ Oelkers, E.H.; Schott, J. (2018). Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction. Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry. De Gruyter. ISBN 978-1-5015-0846-2.
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