Religion:Textual variants in the Book of Exodus
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Short description: Differences in Book of Exodus manuscripts
Textual variants in the Book of Exodus concerns textual variants in the Hebrew Bible found in the Book of Exodus.
Legend
Purported inter-relationship between significant ancient Old Testament manuscripts (some identified by their siglum).
List
This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.
Exodus 1
Exodus 1:11
- פִּתֹ֖ם, pi-ṯōm, 'Pithom' – MT[1]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[1] ABP[2]
- Pithon – OLSb[1] Vg[1]
- Phythonam – OLL[1]
Exodus 1:15
- שִׁפְרָ֔ה, šip̄-rāh, 'Shiphrah' – MT[1]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[1] ABP[2]
- Sepphora – OLL[1]
- Sephra – Vg[1]
Exodus 3
Exodus 3:14
- וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה, way-yō-mer ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’el-mō-šeh, ’eh-yeh ’ă-šer ’eh-yeh;, '[And] the god/God said to Moses: "I am that/who I am",' – WLC[3]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[4]
- Ancient Greek: – Brenton[5]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[6]
- Dixit Deus ad Moysen: Ego sum qui sum., 'God said to Moses: I am who I am.' – VgColunga&Turrado[7]
- See also I Am that I Am, Burning bush, and Yahweh § Name.
Exodus 6
Exodus 6:14
- פַלּוּא֙, p̄al-lū, 'Pallu' – MT[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[9]
- Fallus – OLL[8]
- Phallu – Vg[8]
Exodus 6:15
- אֹ֙הַד֙, ’ō-haḏ, 'Ohad' – MT[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8]
- Ancient Greek: – B[8]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[9]
- Aod – OLL[8] Vg[8]
Exodus 6:15
Exodus 6:21
- נֶ֖פֶג, ne-p̄eḡ, 'Nepheg' – MT[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8]
- Ancient Greek: – B[8]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[9]
- Naphaec – OLL[8]
- Nepheg – Vg[8]
Exodus 6:22
- אֶלְצָפָ֖ן, ’el-ṣā-p̄ān, 'Elzaphan' – MT[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8] ABP[9]
- Elisapham – OLL[8]
- Elsaphan – Vg[8]
Exodus 6:22
- סִתְרִֽי, siṯ-rî, 'Zithri' – MT[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[9]
- Zetri – OLL[8]
- Sethri – Vg[8]
Exodus 6:23
- אֱלִישֶׁ֧בַע, ’ĕ-lî-še-ḇa‘, 'Elisheba' – MT[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8] ABP[9]
- Elisabet – OLL[8]
- Elisabe – Vg[8]
Exodus 6:24
- אֲבִיאָסָ֑ף, ’ă-ḇî-’ā-sāp̄, 'Abiasaph' – MT[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8]
- Ancient Greek: – A[8] B[8] ABP[9]
- Abisar – OLL[8]
- Abiasab – Vg[8]
Exodus 6:25
- פּֽוּטִיאֵל֙, pū-ṭî-’êl, 'Putiel' – MT[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8] ABP[9]
- Phutiel – OLL[8]
- Phutihel – Vg[8]
Exodus 13
Exodus 13:20
- אֵתָ֔ם, ’ê-ṯām, 'Etham' – MT[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8]
- Othon – OLM[8]
- Etham – Vg[8]
Exodus 14
Exodus 14:2
- פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת, pî ha-ḥî-rōṯ, 'Pi Hahiroth' – MT[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8] ABP[10]
- Epauleum – OLM[8]
- Phiahiroth – Vg[8]
Exodus 14:9
- פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת, pî ha-ḥî-rōṯ, 'Pi Hahiroth' – MT[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8] ABP[10]
- Epauleum – OLM[8]
- Ahiroth – Vg[8]
Exodus 17
Exodus 17:1, see also Battle of Refidim
- רְפִידִ֔ים, r-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT[1]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[1]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[11]
- Rapidin – OLM[1]
- Raphidin – OLSb[1]
- Raphidim – Vg[1]
Exodus 17:8, see also Battle of Refidim
- רְפִידִ֔ים, r-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT[1]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[1]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[11]
- Rapidin – OLM[1]
- Raphidin – OLSb[1]
- Raphidim – Vg[1]
Exodus 19
Exodus 19:2, see also Battle of Refidim
- רְפִידִ֔ים, rə-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT[1]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[1]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[12]
- Rapidin – OLM[1]
- Raphidin – OLSb[1]
- Raphidim – Vg[1]
Exodus 19:16
- וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים, way-hî qō-lōṯ ū-ḇə-rā-qîm, 'and there were voices/sounds/noises/thunders and lightnings / flashes of lightning / gleamings' – WLC[13][14]
- ויהי קולות וברקים, way-hi q-v-l-v-t ū-ḇə-rā-qîm, 'and there were voices/sounds/noises/thunders and lightnings / flashes of lightning / gleamings' – SP[14]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[15] Brenton[16]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[12]
- et ecce coeperunt audiri tonitrua, ac micare fulgura, 'and behold, thunders began to be heard, and lightnings to flash' – VgColunga&Turrado[17]
- Compare Exodus 20:18.[14]
Exodus 20
Exodus 20:1
- וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֵ֛ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס, way-ḏab-bêr ’ĕ-lō-hîm, ’êṯ kāl-had-də-ḇā-rîm hā-’êl-leh lê-mōr., 'And [the] god/God spoke all these words, saying,' – WLC (1QExod 4QPaleoExodm) SP[18][19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[18] LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]
- Dominus, '[the] Lord' – Vg[18] VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:5.
Exodus 20:2, see also I am the Lord thy God
- אָֽנֹכִ֖י֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֔יךָ, ’ā-nō-ḵî Yah-weh ’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā,, 'I [am] Yahweh your god' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20]
- Ancient Greek: – Brenton[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[21] ABP[23]
- Ego sum Dominus Deus tuus,, 'I am (the) Lord your God,' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:6.
Exodus 20:2, see also I am the Lord thy God
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] (Pontic Greek spelling)
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23] (Attic and Koine Greek spelling)
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:6.
Exodus 20:3, see also Thou shalt have no other gods before me
- לֹֽ֣א יִהְיֶֽה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ, lō yih-yeh-lə-ḵā ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’ă-ḥê-rîm ‘al-pā-nā-ya,, 'You shall not have other/further gods over/against/above/beside me' – WLC[19]
- אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים ’ă-ḥê-rîm is from H312 אחר (achér), which can mean "another", "other", "different", "further", "subsequent", "following", "next", "after".[25]
- עַל־ al- is from H5921 על (al), which can mean "over", "against", "above", "beside(s)" (or "along(side)"), "about/concerning", "according", or many other less frequent meanings,[26] and features in the name El Al ("Upwards").
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]
- ἕτεροι heteroi is from ἕτερος, which can mean "other", "another", "different", "second", "after",[27] and the origin of the English word hetero-.
- Non habebis deos alienos coram me., '[You] shall have no alien/foreign/strange gods before me / in my presence.' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- alienos is from aliēnus (compare alius and alter), and the origin of the English word alien.
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:7 (Hebrew witnesses identical, Greek and Latin witnesses different).
Exodus 20:5, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image
- כִּ֣י אָֽנֹכִ֞י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵ֣ל קַנָּ֔א, kî ’ā-nō-ḵî Yah-weh ’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā ’êl qan-nā, 'because I Yahweh your god [am a] jealous god' – MT[28] WLC[19] SP[28]
- קנוא, qanno, 'jealous' – PapNash (H7072 instead of H7067 קַנָּא qanna in MT SP)[28]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]
- The words ζῆλος and ζηλωτής are the roots of many words including zeal, zealot, zealotry, zealous, jealous and jealousy.
- ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zelotes,, 'I am (the) Lord your strong God, [a] zelot,' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:9.
Exodus 20:5, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image
- עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים, ‘al- šil-lê-šîm wə-‘al- rib-bê-‘îm, 'to/on thirds and fourths' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[23]
- in tertiam et quartam generationem, 'into/to(wards)/against/until [the] third and fourth generation' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:9.
Exodus 20:7, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[23] Brenton[22] (classical Greek spelling)
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] (Koine Greek spelling)
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:11.
Exodus 20:7, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
- לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה, lō yə-naq-qeh Yah-weh, 'Yahweh will not acquit / leave unpunished / hold guiltless' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[23]
- Ancient Greek: – Brenton[22]
- nec...habebit insontem Dominus eum, 'and [the] Lord will not hold/consider him innocent' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:11.
Exodus 20:10, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
- וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ, ū-ḇə-hem-te-ḵā,, 'your cattle,' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]
- jumentum tuum,, 'your beast of burden,' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
Exodus 20:10, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
- וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ ׃, wə-ḡê-rə-ḵā ’ă-šer biš-‘ā-re-ḵā,, 'your stranger/sojourner who [is] within your gates' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]
- et advena qui est intra portas tuas., 'and [the] stranger/foreigner/guest/newcomer who is within your gates.' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
Exodus 20:11, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
- אֶת־הַיָּם֙, ’eṯ- hay-yām, 'the sea' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]
- et mare,, 'and [the] sea,' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- omitted – LXXSwete[20]
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:15 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Exodus rather than the Genesis creation narrative).
Exodus 20:11, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
- עַל־כֵּ֗ן בֵּרַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־יֹ֥ום הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת, ‘al- kên, bê-raḵ Yah-weh ’eṯ- yō-wm haš-šab-bāṯ, 'Therefore, Yahweh blessed the Sabbath day' – WLC[19].
- The noun H7676 שַׁבָּת shabbath "Sabbath" (Greek: G4521 σάββατον) is derived from, but independent of, the adjective H7637 שְׁבִיעִי šə-ḇî-‘î "seventh" (Greek: G1442 ἕβδομος/ἕβδομη, see hebdo-) earlier in this verse. See Biblical Sabbath § Etymology.
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]
- idcirco benedixit Dominus diei sabbati,, 'therefore [the] Lord blessed [the] day of Sabbath,' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:15 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Exodus rather than the Genesis creation narrative).
Exodus 20:12, see also Honour thy father and thy mother
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]
- omitted – WLC[19] VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:16 (where this phrase is identical in Greek witnesses, and not omitted in Hebrew and Latin witnesses, albeit phrased slightly differently from Greek).
Exodus 20:13–15, see also Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery and Thou shalt not steal
- לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָֽח׃ ס לֹ֖֣א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃ ס לֹ֣֖א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס, lō trə-ṣāḥ. s lō tnə-’āp̄. s lō tḡə-nōḇ. s, '[You] shall not murder. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not steal.' – MT[29] WLC[19] SP[29]
- לוא תנאף׃ ס לוא תרצח׃ ס לוא תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס, wə-lō tnə-’āp̄. s wə-lō trə-ṣāḥ. s wə-lō tḡə-nōḇ. s, 'And [you] shall not commit adultery. And [you] shall not murder. And [you] shall not steal.' – PapNash[29]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[23]
- The verb κλέπτω ("to steal") is at the root of modern English words such as kleptomania and kleptocracy.
- Non occides. Non moechaberis. Non furtum facies., '[You] shall not kill/slay. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not commit theft.' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- Compare Deuteronomy 5:17–19.
Exodus 20:16, see also Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour
- לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר׃ ס, lō-ṯa-‘ă-neh ḇə-rê-‘ă-ḵā šā-qer., 'You shall not answer/respond false/lying witness/evidence against your neighbour' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]
- Non loqueris contra proximum tuum falsum testimonium., '[You] do/shall not speak/declare false testimony against your neighbour.' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
Exodus 20:17, see also Thou shalt not covet
- לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹ֞ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֗ךָ, lō ṯaḥ-mōḏ bêṯ rê-‘e-ḵā; lō-ṯaḥ-mōḏ ’ê-šeṯ rê-‘e-ḵā,, 'You shall not covet the house of your neighbour. You shall not covet the wife of your neighbour' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[23]
- Non concupisces domum proximi tui, nec desiderabis uxorem ejus,, '[You] shall not covet [the] house of your neighbour, nor shall [you] desire his wife,' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- concupīscō is derived from (con)cupiō ("I desire"), the origin of the English verb "to covet" and the name of the Roman god Cupid.
Exodus 20:17, see also Thou shalt not covet
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]
- omitted – WLC[19] VgColunga&Turrado[24]
Exodus 20:18
- וְכָל־, wə-ḵāl, 'And all' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[23]
- Cunctus autem, 'But/and all' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
Exodus 20:18
- הַקֹּולֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם, haq-qō-w-lōṯ ’eṯ-hal-lap-pî-ḏim,, 'the voices/sounds/noises/thunders and the torches' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]. φωνή and λᾰμπᾰ́ς are the origins of the English words phone and lamp respectively.
- voces et lampades, '(the) voices and (the) torches/lamps/lanterns' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]. vōx is the root of the English word voice.
- Compare Exodus 19:16[14]
Exodus 20:19
- פֶּן־, pen-, 'lest/or' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] Brenton[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[21] ABP[23]
- ne forte, 'lest' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
Exodus 20:20
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22] ABP[23]
Exodus 20:21
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[22]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[23]
Exodus 20:23
- תעשון, ṯa-‘ă-śūn, '[you] have made or [you] shall make' – MT[30] WLC[19]
- תעשו, ta-asú, '[you] have made' – SP[30]
Exodus 20:23
- אִתִּ֑י...לָכֶֽם׃, ’it-tî...lā-ḵem., 'against me... for yourselves.' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20]
- Ancient Greek: – Brenton[31]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[21] ABP[23]
- [omitted]....vobis, 'to/for you' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
Exodus 20:26
- אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־תִגָּלֶ֥ה עֶרְוָתְךָ֖, ’ă-šer lō- ṯig-gā-leh ‘er-wā-ṯə-ḵā, 'so (that) your nakedness may not be uncovered' – WLC[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[20] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[32] ABP[23]
- ἀποκαλύψῃς is likely a misspelling of the verb ἀποκαλύψεις. The noun αποκάλυψη is the root of words such as apocalypse, apocalyptic and apocalypticism.
- ne reveletur turpitudo tua., 'lest your unsightliness/indecency/shame should be revealed.' – VgColunga&Turrado[24]
- Compare Leviticus 18.
Exodus 21
Exodus 21:17 (LXX 21:16)
- וּמְקַלֵּ֥ל אָבִ֛יו וְאִמֹּ֖ו מֹ֥ות יוּמָֽת׃ ס, ū-mə-qal-lêl ’ā-ḇîw wə-’im-mōw mō-wṯ yū-māṯ. s, 'And he who curses his father or his mother surely shall be put to death.' – MT
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete Brenton[32]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP
- Qui maledixerit patri suo, vel matri, morte moriatur., 'Who[ever] speaks evil of his father, or mother, let [him] die by death.' – VgClement[33] VgColunga&Turrado[34]
- Compare New Testament quotation:
- Ancient Greek: – Mark 7:10
Exodus 32
Exodus 34
Exodus 34:11
- אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְהַחִתִּי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃, ’eṯ- hā-’ĕ-mō-rî wə-hak-kə-na-‘ă-nî, wə-ha-ḥit-tî wə-hap-pə-riz-zî, wə-ha-ḥiw-wî wə-hay-ḇū-sî., 'the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite.' – WLC[35]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[36]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[37]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[38]
- Amorrhaeum, et Chananaeum, et Hethaeum, Pherezaeum quoque, et Hevaeum, et Jebusaeum., '[the] Amorite, and (the) Canaanite, and (the) Hittite, (the) Perizzite too, and (the) Hivite, and (the) Jebusite.' – VgColunga&Turrado[39]
Exodus 34:14, see also Thou shalt have no other gods before me
- כִּ֛י לֹ֥א תִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לְאֵ֣ל אַחֵ֑ר כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ קַנָּ֣א שְׁמֹ֔ו אֵ֥ל קַנָּ֖א הֽוּא׃, 'For you shall not worship any other god, for Yahweh, whose name [is] Jealous, is a jealous god.' – WLC[35]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[36] Brenton[37]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[21] ABP[38]
- noli adorare deum alienum. Dominus zelotes nomen ejus; Deus est aemulator., 'Do not adore alien/foreign/strange gods. Lord zealot [is] his name; God is (an) emulator/rival.' – VgColunga&Turrado[39]
- Compare Exodus 20:3 and Deuteronomy 5:7,9.
Exodus 34:17, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image
- אֱלֹהֵ֥י מַסֵּכָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃, ’ĕ-lō-hê mas-sê-ḵāh lō ṯa-‘ă-śeh- lāḵ., '[You] shall not make molten gods to/for you(rself).' – WLC[35]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[36] LXXRahlfs[21] Brenton[37] ABP[38]
- Deos conflatiles non facies tibi., 'You shall not make cast/molten gods to/for you.' – VgColunga&Turrado[39]
- Compare Exodus 20:5 and Deuteronomy 5:8.
See also
- List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts
- Septuagint manuscripts
- Vetus Latina § Old Testament manuscripts
- Vulgate manuscripts
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 Everson 2014, p. 376.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 1 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/exodus/1.htm.
- ↑ Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Exodus 3 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/3.htm.
- ↑ "Exodus 3 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/exodus/3.htm.
- ↑ Brenton 1879, p. 73.
- ↑ Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot Exodus 3". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/exodus/3.htm.
- ↑ Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Exodus 3 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ex+3&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 8.35 8.36 8.37 8.38 8.39 8.40 8.41 8.42 8.43 8.44 8.45 8.46 8.47 Everson 2014, p. 375.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 6 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/exodus/6.htm.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 14 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/exodus/14.htm.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 17 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/exodus/17.htm.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 19 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/exodus/19.htm.
- ↑ Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Exodus 19 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/19.htm.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Exodus 19:16" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Exodus%2019:16.
- ↑ "Exodus 20 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/exodus/19.htm.
- ↑ Brenton 1879, p. 111.
- ↑ Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Exodus 19 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ex+19&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Exodus 20:1" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Exodus%2020:1.
- ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 19.15 19.16 19.17 19.18 19.19 19.20 Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Exodus 20 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/20.htm.
- ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.20 20.21 20.22 20.23 "Exodus 20 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/exodus/20.htm.
- ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 21.15 21.16 21.17 21.18 21.19 21.20 21.21 21.22 21.23 21.24 21.25 21.26 Rahlfs 1935, Έξοδος.
- ↑ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 22.11 22.12 22.13 22.14 22.15 22.16 22.17 22.18 22.19 22.20 22.21 Brenton 1879, p. 112.
- ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 23.14 23.15 23.16 23.17 23.18 23.19 23.20 23.21 23.22 23.23 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 20 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/exodus/20.htm.
- ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 24.17 24.18 24.19 Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Exodus 2 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ "Strong's Hebrew: 312. אַחֵר (acher) -- another". biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/hebrew/312.htm.
- ↑ "Strong's Hebrew: 5921. עַל (al) -- upon, above, over". biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/hebrew/5921.htm.
- ↑ "Strong's Greek: 2087. ἕτερος (heteros) -- other". biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/greek/2087.htm.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Exodus 20:5" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Exodus%2020:5.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Exodus 20:13–15" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Exodus%2020:13.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Exodus 20:23" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Exodus%2020:23.
- ↑ Brenton 1879, p. 112–113.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Brenton 1879, p. 113.
- ↑ "Exodus 21 Vulgata Clementina". Biblehub.com. 1592. https://biblehub.com/vul/exodus/21.htm.
- ↑ Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Exodus 21 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=exodus+21&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Exodus 34 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/34.htm.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 "Exodus 34 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/exodus/34.htm.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Brenton 1879, p. 133.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot Exodus 34". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/exodus/34.htm.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Exodus 34 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+34&version=VULGATE;NIV.
Bibliography
- Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Interlinear Bible (Westminster Leningrad Codex – English)". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/1.htm.
- Brenton, Lancelot Charles Lee (1851). "Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/sep/exodus/1.htm.
- Brenton, Lancelot Charles Lee (1879). The Septuagint version of the OT, with an English translation. London: Samuel Bagster. pp. 1156. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/The_Septuagint_version_of_the_OT%2C_with_an_English_translation_%281879%29.pdf. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
- Everson, David L. (2014). "The Vetus Latina and the Vulgate of the Book of Exodus". The Book of Exodus: Composition, Reception, and Interpretation. Leiden: Brill. pp. 370–386. ISBN 978-90-04-28266-7. https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004282667/B9789004282667_016.xml. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
- Rahlfs, Alfred (1935). "Έξοδος (Exodus Rahlfs)" (in el). Alfred Rahlfs' edition of the Septuagint. Greek Wikisource. https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BE%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_(Rahlfs).
- Scholz, Susanne (2021). Sacred Witness. Rape in the Hebrew Bible. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781506482033. https://www.bol.com/nl/p/sacred-witness/9300000031495453/. (E-book edition)
- Swete, Henry Barclay (1930). "Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/sepd/exodus/1.htm.
- Emanuel Tov, The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research (TCU), 1981 (1st edition), 1997 (2nd edition), 2015 (3rd edition).
- Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (TCHB), 1992 (1st edition), 2001 (2nd edition), 2012 (3rd edition).
- Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Qumran, Septuagint: Collected Writings, Volume 3 (2015).
- Tov, Emanuel (1999). "38. The Septuagint Additions (‘Miscellanies’) in 1 Kings 2 (3 Reigns 2)". The Greek and Hebrew Bible: Collected Essays on the Septuagint. Vetus Testamentum Supplements. 72. Leiden: Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004275973_039. ISBN 9789004275973. https://brill.com/view/book/9789004275973/B9789004275973-s039.xml.
- van de Giessen, J. P. (2003). "Index Bijbelverzen" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/page?1000.
- Van der Pool, Charles (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot (ABP)". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/exodus/1.htm.
External links
- Digitized Hebrew and Greek Manuscripts: Access and Issues – Introduction to online biblical textual studies
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