Engineering:Ford Thunderbird (first generation)

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Ford Thunderbird
1957 Ford Thunderbird (21878298421).jpg
1957 Ford Thunderbird
Overview
ManufacturerFord Motor Company
ProductionSeptember 1954–November 1957
Model years1955–1957
Assembly
  • United States:
  • Ford River Rouge Complex, Dearborn, Michigan[1]
Body and chassis
ClassPersonal luxury car, Sports car
Body style2-door convertible/roadster
LayoutFront-engine, rear-wheel-drive
ChassisBody-on-frame
Powertrain
Engine292 cu in (4.8 L) Y-block V8
312 cu in (5.1 L) Y-block V8
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase102 in (2,591 mm)
Length
  • 175.3 in (4,453 mm) (1955[2])
  • 185.2 in (4,704 mm) (1956[3]
  • 181.4 in (4,608 mm) (1957[4])
Width70.3 in (1,786 mm)[1]
Chronology
PredecessorFord Vega
SuccessorFord Thunderbird (second generation)

The first generation of the Ford Thunderbird is a two-seat convertible produced by Ford for the 1955 to the 1957 model years, the first 2-seat Ford since 1938. It was developed in response to the 1953 Motorama display at the New York Auto Show, which showed the Chevrolet Corvette. The Corvette in turn was developed in response to the popularity of European sports cars among Americans.[5]

Dubbed a "a personal car of distinction" by Ford,[6][7][8] this appellation was also used by the motoring press at the time.[9] The car built upon the heritage of the bespoke roadsters of the 1930s, yet was constructed largely of existing components, marking the first step toward the evolution of the personal luxury car as a mass market segment in the United States.[10][7] While light weight for its era and fitted with a standard V8 engine, the Thunderbird focused more on driver comfort than speed, and was not a direct rival to either the Corvette or European sports cars.[11] The Thunderbird proved more suited to the American market than the Corvette, with sales of 16,155, versus 674 Corvettes in 1955.[12] This remained the only two-seat convertible Thunderbird until the eleventh-generation was unveiled in 2002. The design of this generation of the Ford Thunderbird was the direct inspiration for the German Auto Union 1000 Sp.[13]

1955

1955 Ford Thunderbird

Ford unveiled the Thunderbird at the Detroit Auto Show on February 20, 1954. The first production car came off the line on September 9, 1954, and went on sale on October 22, 1954, as a 1955 model, and sold briskly; 3,500 orders were placed in the first ten days of sale. While only 10,000 were planned, 16,155 cars were sold with a listed retail price of US$2,944 ($28,098 in 2019 dollars [14]) in 1955.[12][1]

The Thunderbird came with a removable fiberglass top as standard equipment, with a fabric convertible top as a commonly specified option. The engine was Ford's 292-cubic-inch OHV 292 Y-block V8,[15] which got 18 mpg‑US (13 L/100 km; 22 mpg‑imp). The exhaust pipes exited through twin bumper guards bolted to the rear bumper.

The car used existing chassis and suspension design and off-the-shelf Ford mechanical components. It was constructed using a body-on-frame technique utilizing a version of the standard Ford design cut-down to a 102-inch wheelbase identical to the Corvette's.[15] The engine was paired either with a Fordomatic automatic or manual overdrive transmissions, and the car featured four-way powered seats and pushbutton interior door handles. Other unique features were a telescoping steering wheel[16] and a tachometer.[2]

A rare domestic two-seater for the era, it was designed to be a brisk luxury tourer and not a sports car,[17] capable of attaining speeds of 100 to 115 mph (161 to 185 km/h) depending on the transmission ordered.[18]

1956

1956 Ford Thunderbird

For the 1956 model year, more trunk space was added, the spare wheel was mounted outside (which helped free up trunk space),[15] the exhaust tips were moved to the ends of the bumper, and air vents were added behind the front wheels to improve cabin ventilation. To improve rear-quarter visibility with the removable hardtop in place, "porthole" windows were available as a no-cost option.[12] A 312 cu in (5.1 L) Y-block V8 was added as an option. Production total for 1956 was 15,631 units, the lowest of all three 2-seater Thunderbird model years.

1957

1957 Ford Thunderbird

For the 1957 model year, the front bumper was reshaped, the grille and tailfins were made larger, and larger taillights were fitted. The spare wheel moved back inside the trunk, which had been redesigned to allow it to be mounted vertically. The side "Thunderbird" script was moved from the fins to the front fenders. A new option was "Dial-o-Matic" 4-way power seats that would move rearward when the ignition was turned off to allow easier exit and entry.[19][20] In addition to the standard 292 and optional 312 engines, higher performance versions of the 312 were offered,[4] including two with a 4-barrel Holley carburetor McCulloch/Paxton centrifugal superchargers rated at 300 hp (304 PS; 224 kW)at 4,800 rpm with a maximum torque of 439 lb⋅ft (595 N⋅m; 61 kg⋅m) at 2,600 rpm;[21][22] and 340 hp (345 PS; 254 kW), respectively. 1957 sales were 21,380, including three extra months of production because the 1958 models were late. The 1957 Thunderbird was the last two-seater Ford sold until the release of the 1982 Ford EXP.

Production totals

Advertisement for the 1956 Ford Fairlane, mentioning a "Thunderbird glow"
Year Production[23]
1955 16,155[24]
1956 15,631[24]
1957 21,380[24]
Total 53,166

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Flory Jr., J. "Kelly" (2008). American Cars, 1946-1959 Every Model Every Year. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7864-3229-5. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Directory Index: Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Thunderbird_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Thunderbird_Brochure/1955%20Ford%20Thunderbird-10-11.html. 
  3. ↑ "Directory Index: Ford_Thunderbird/1956_Ford_Thunderbird/1956_Ford_Thunderbird_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1956_Ford_Thunderbird/1956_Ford_Thunderbird_Brochure/1956%20Ford%20Thunderbird-14-15.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Directory Index: Ford_Thunderbird/1957_Ford_Thunderbird/1957_Ford_Thunderbird_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1957_Ford_Thunderbird/1957_Ford_Thunderbird_Brochure/1957%20Ford%20Thunderbird-05.html. 
  5. ↑ Leffingwell, Randy; Newhardt, David (2005). Mustang. MotorBooks/MBI Publishing. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7603-2183-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=pUPV5FtEh-MC&pg=PA13&dq=Corvette+Nash. Retrieved 2013-01-28. 
  6. ↑ "1955 Ford Thunderbird - A personal car of distinction". AutomotiveMileposts.com. http://automotivemileposts.com/tbird/tbird1955selections.shtml. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "1958 Ford Thunderbird: Personal Luxury 101". AutomotiveMileposts.com. http://automotivemileposts.com/tbird1958selections.shtml. 
  8. ↑ "The 1955-1960 Ford Thunderbird Automobiles". Farber and Associates. 2009. https://www.american-automobiles.com/Ford/1955-1960-Ford-Thunderbird.html. 
  9. ↑ Wiron, Walt (December 1954). "1955 FORD THUNDERBIRD ROAD TEST". Motor Trend Magazine. https://www.motortrend.com/news/1955-ford-thunderbird/. 
  10. ↑ Jim Koscs (23 May 2016). "OTHER PERSPECTIVES: WHAT IS A THUNDERBIRD?". AutomotiveMileposts.com. https://www.hagerty.com/articles-videos/articles/2016/05/23/thunderbird. 
  11. ↑ Jedlinka, Dan. "1955-57 two-seat Ford Thunderbird". http://www.danjedlicka.com/classic_cars/55_57_thunderbird.html. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Rala, James (February 24, 2011). "Ford Thunderbird (two-seater), 1955-57 car review". https://theweeklydriver.com/2011/02/ford-thunderbird-two-seater-1955-car-review/. 
  13. ↑ Tegler, Jan (2004-11-07). "1960 Auto Union 1000 SP: The Baby Thunderbird". Hearst Digital Media. http://autoweek.com/article/car-news/1960-auto-union-1000-sp-baby-thunderbird. Retrieved 2018-07-21. 
  14. ↑ Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Ford Thunderbird History". Edmunds.com. http://www.edmunds.com/ford/thunderbird/history.html. 
  16. ↑ "Directory Index: Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Thunderbird_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Thunderbird_Brochure/1955%20Ford%20Thunderbird-08-09.html. 
  17. ↑ Mays, James. "1956 Ford Thunderbird". www.OldCarsCanada.com. http://www.oldcarscanada.com/2011/11/1956-ford-thunderbird.html. 
  18. ↑ "1955 Ford (USA) Thunderbird Hardtop full range specs". https://www.automobile-catalog.com/make/ford_usa/thunderbird_1gen/thunderbird_1gen_hardtop/1955.html. 
  19. ↑ "Directory Index: Ford_Thunderbird/1957_Ford_Thunderbird/1957_Ford_Thunderbird_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1957_Ford_Thunderbird/1957_Ford_Thunderbird_Brochure/1957%20Ford%20Thunderbird-04.html. 
  20. ↑ D.Lang. "1955 to 1957 Thunderbird Options". Portholeauthority.com. http://www.portholeauthority.com/thunderbirdETC/tech/trivia.html. 
  21. ↑ "1957 Ford Thunderbird D/F-Code Phase I" (in en-US). https://www.supercars.net/blog/1957-ford-thunderbird-df-code-phase/. 
  22. ↑ "Ford Thunderbird Hardtop 312 Supercharged V-8 overdrive" (in en-US). http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1957/1796090/ford_thunderbird_312_supercharged_v-8_overdrive.html. 
  23. ↑ Tast, Alan H. and David Newhardt. THUNDERBIRD FIFTY YEARS. Motorbooks. October 15, 2004.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Mike Bumbeck (February 2011). "Four-Place Ford Thunderbird". Hemmings Motor News: 18. 

Bibliography



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