Engineering:Type 055 destroyer

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Short description: Chinese guided-missile stealth cruiser/destroyer class
PLANS Nanchang (DDG-101) 20210427.jpg
Nanchang in April 2021
Class overview
Builders:
  • Changxingdao-Jiangnan Shipyard
  • Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company
Operators:  People's Liberation Army Navy
Cost: CN¥6 billion (US$888 million) per unit including R&D (FY 2017)[1]
Built: 2014–present[2]
In service: 2020–present[3]
Planned: 16[4]
Active: 8[5]
General characteristics
Type: Guided-missile destroyer
Guided-missile cruiser (per NATO)
Displacement:
  • 11,000 tonnes (standard)[6]
  • 12–13,000 tonnes (full load)[7]
Length: 180 m (590 ft 7 in)[7]
Beam: 20 m (65 ft 7 in)[7]
Draught: 6.6 m (21 ft 8 in)[2]
Installed power:
  • 6 × QD-50 turbine generators (5 MW (6,700 hp) each)
  • Total: 30 MW (40,000 shp)[8]
Propulsion:
Speed: 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)[2]
Range: 5,000 nmi (9,300 km) at 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph)[2]
Complement: 300+[9]
Sensors and
processing systems:
Electronic warfare
& decoys:
Armament:
Aircraft carried:
Aviation facilities:
  • Stern hangar[15]
  • Helicopter landing platform[15]

The Type 055 destroyer (NATO/OSD Renhai-class cruiser)[17] is a class of stealth guided-missile destroyers (guided-missile cruisers per NATO/OSD standard) being constructed for the China People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). It has a multi-mission design; the combination of sensors and weapons suggests a main role of area air defence, with anti-submarine warfare capabilities surpassing previous Chinese surface combatants.[18]

The Type 055 is expected to undertake blue-water expeditionary missions[19] and form the primary escort for Chinese aircraft carriers.[18] The United States classifies these ships as cruisers[20] as the United States Navy defines a cruiser as a large multi-mission surface combatant with flag facilities;[21] this suggests the U.S. expects the Type 055 to fulfill a similar role to the USN's Ticonderoga-class cruiser.[18]

Development

The People's Liberation Army Navy was interested in a large destroyer from as early as the late-1960s. A development program, code-named "055", initiated in 1976 was cancelled in 1983 after encountering insurmountable technical obstacles from industrial underdevelopment; for example, the required gas turbine power plants could neither be produced domestically nor imported at acceptable prices.[22]

In April 2014, an image emerged of a full-scale mock-up of the Type 055 superstructure—with enclosed integrated mast for radar and other electronics—at the Chinese naval electronic testing range in Wuhan.[23][24]

Nanchang, the first ship of the class,[25] began construction in 2014 at the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai,[2] and was commissioned on 12 January 2020.[3] Its first public appearance—preceding commissioning—was during the PLAN's 70th-anniversary parade[25] on 23 April 2019.[6] When launched, Nanchang was among the largest post-Second World War warships launched in East Asia.[26][27]

The first batch of 8 vessels to this design were all laid down in 2014 to 2018, and were in service by the end of 2022.[28] Further hulls were observed under construction, including two at Dalian in January 2022, by satellite imagery, and a total of 12 to 16 were estimated to equip all three Fleets.[28]

Design

Stealth

The Type 055 adopts a conventional flared hull with distinctive stealthy features including an enclosed forecastle that hides mooring points, anchor chains, and other equipment. The bow and main deckhouse are configured similarly to previous Type 052C/D destroyers. A continuous structure amidship increases internal volume and reduces radar cross-section. The smokestack design reduces both infrared signature and radar cross-section.[8] Chinese sources credit the design as being generally stealthy, with reduced radar, noise, infrared, and electromagnetic radiation signatures.[29]

Power plants

Propulsive power is generated by four 28 MW QC-280 gas turbines in combined gas and gas arrangement. Additional power may be provided by six 5 MW QD-50 gas turbines.[8]

The maximum speed is estimated to be 30 knots.[2]

Electronics

Chinese literature suggests that the Type 055 is capable of "facilitat[ing] command management of a battlegroup and supporting elements". The command-and-control and battle management systems are likely comparable to contemporary PLAN systems, which reflect over a decade of intensive interest in information integration from the late 2000s.[30]

Multiple sensors are housed inside the integrated mast and ship superstructure.[31] The class has a dual-band radar system; four S-band Type 346B Dragon Eye active electronically scanned array (AESA) panels are mounted on the superstructure, and four smaller[32] X-band[10] panels are mounted on the mast. The Type 346B panels are estimated to be 40% larger than the Type 052D destroyer's Type 346A panels, for greater transmission power and sensitivity.[32] Chinese sources claim the radar has anti-stealth capability[33] and can be used to guide anti-satellite missiles.[32]

The ship structure also contains navigation radars, various communication and intelligence systems, electronic warfare support measures (ESM), electronic countermeasures (ECM), electro-optic (EO) sensors, laser-warning systems, optronic jammers, and datalink systems. They are likely more advanced than those deployed on previous ships.[31][8]

A deployment port exists for variable depth[8] and towed array sonar.[8][10] The large bulbous bow likely contains a bow sonar;[10][8] the Type 055 may mount a larger bow sonar than previous Chinese surface combatants.[8]

Armament

The primary armament are missiles carried in 112 vertical launching system (VLS) cells,[7] 64 cells forward and 48 cells aft. The same VLS model is used on the Type 052D destroyer,[8] which is believed to be an implementation of the GJB 5860-2006 standard;[34] the GJB 5860-2006 is capable of hot and cold launches using concentric canisters.[35] The longest variant, with 9-metre cells, is likely used.[8] The Type 055 is expected to carry HHQ-9 surface-to-air missiles, YJ-18 anti-ship cruise missiles, CJ-10 land-attack cruise missiles, and missile-launched anti-submarine torpedoes upon entering service.[7] Potentially, the larger cells may also carry anti-ship ballistic missiles.[36][37]

Aside from vertical launch systems, the ship also contains a 130-mm main gun, an 11-barrel 30-mm close-in weapon system (CIWS), an HHQ-10 short-range air defense system, several sets of 324-mm torpedo launchers, and two sets of multiple-barreled decoy launchers.[31] Additional air cover can be provided by two maritime helicopters stationed in the hanger.[31]

Future developments

It has been suggested that future variants may be armed with lasers or electromagnetic railguns.[8] Since the current design does not have integrated electric propulsion, installation of integrated electric propulsion will be required for the ship to meet power requirements in the future.[38]

In 2021, United States Department of Defense identified Type 055 as the future launch platform for China's naval-based mid-course interceptors, such as the HQ-19 anti-ballistic missiles.[39]

Ships of class

Pennant
number		 Name Namesake Builder Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
南昌／Nanchang[40] City of
Nanchang,
provincial
capital of
Jiangxi 		Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co. Ltd.,
Changxingdao[41] 		28 June 2017[42] 12 January 2020[3] North Sea Fleet[43] Active[3]
102[40] 拉萨／Lhasa[40] City of
Lhasa,
regional
capital of
Tibet 		Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co. Ltd.,
Changxingdao[41] 		28 April 2018[44] 2 March 2021[45] North Sea Fleet[46] Active[46]
103[40] 鞍山／Anshan[40] City of
Anshan 		Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co. Ltd.,
Changxingdao[28] 		12 September 2019[28] 11 November 2021[28] North Sea Fleet[28] Active[5]
104[40] 无锡／Wuxi[40] City of
Wuxi 		Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co. Ltd.,
Changxingdao[28] 		9 May 2020[28] March 2022[28] North Sea Fleet[28] Active[5]
105[40] 大连／Dalian[40] City of
Dalian 		Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company[28] 3 July 2018[28] 23 April 2021[47] South Sea Fleet[48] Active[5]
106[40] 延安 / Yan'an[40] City of
Yan'an 		Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company[49] 3 July 2018[28] February 2022[28] South Sea Fleet[28] Active[50]
107[40] 遵义 / Zunyi[5] City of
Zunyi 		Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company[28] 26 December 2019[28] November 2022[28] South Sea Fleet[28] Active[5]
108[40] 咸阳 / Xianyang[5] City of
Xianyang 		Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company[28] 30 August 2020[28] December 2022[28] South Sea Fleet Active[5]

See also

  • List of active People's Liberation Army Navy ships

References

Citations

  1. ↑ "Chinese Cruiser or Destroyer ? Full Details on PLAN's First Type 055". Navyrecognition.com. 29 June 2017. http://navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/5337-chinese-cruiser-or-destroyer-full-details-on-plan-s-first-type-055.html. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Rahmat, Ridzwan (29 June 2017). "China launches largest surface combatant to date". http://www.janes.com/article/71903/china-launches-largest-surface-combatant-to-date. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Tate, Andrew (13 January 2020). "Chinese navy's first Type 055-class destroyer enters service". https://www.janes.com/article/93656/chinese-navy-s-first-type-055-class-destroyer-enters-service. 
  4. ↑ "Hints of Chinese Naval Ambitions in the 2020s". 25 December 2020. https://thediplomat.com/2020/12/hints-of-chinese-naval-ambitions-in-the-2020s//. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 "The eighth Type 055 destroyer officially commissioned to PLA Navy". 23 Apr 2023. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/ARMEDFORCES/Navy/News_209162/16219370.html. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Tate, Andrew (24 April 2019). "Chinese navy puts newest platforms on display". https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/chinese-navy-puts-newest-platforms-on-display. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 Tate, Andrew (3 July 2018). "China launches two Type 055 destroyers simultaneously in Dalian". http://www.janes.com/article/81499/china-launches-two-type-055-destroyers-simultaneously-in-dalian. 
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 Joe, Rick (8 June 2018). "All You Need to Know About China's New Stealth Destroyer". https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-new-stealth-destroyer/. 
  9. ↑ "China Kicks off Work on 6th Type 055 Guided-Missile Destroyer". 15 March 2018. https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/china-kicks-off-work-on-6th-type-055-guided-missile-destroyer/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Caldwell et al.: page 8
  11. ↑ "Type 055 Class Destroyers". Naval Technology. 11 September 2020. https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/type-055-class-destroyers/. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Caldwell et al.: page 13
  13. ↑ Chan, Minnie (20 April 2022). "Chinese navy shows off hypersonic anti-ship missiles in public". https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3174946/chinese-navy-shows-hypersonic-anti-ship-missiles-public. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Caldwell et al.: page 12
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Caldwell et al.: page 15
  16. ↑ Wang, Amber (23 April 2022). "Chinese navy shows off new anti-submarine helicopter". https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3175297/chinese-navy-shows-new-anti-submarine-helicopter. 
  17. ↑ O'Rourke, Ronald (7 October 2021). China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities - Background and Issues for Congress (Report). Congressional Research Service. pp. 24–25. RL33153. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33153. Retrieved 1 December 2021. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Rogoway, Tyler. "China's Type 055 Super Destroyer Is A Reality Check For The US And Its Allies" (in en-US). The Drive. http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/11941/chinas-type-055-super-destroyer-is-a-reality-check-for-the-us-and-its-allies. 
  19. ↑ Holmes, James R. (15 February 2018). "Fleet Design with Chinese Characteristics". https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Holmes_Written%20Testimony.pdf. 
  20. ↑ United States Department of Defense (May 2017). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2017 (Report). p. 25. https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2017_China_Military_Power_Report.PDF. Retrieved 22 July 2018. 
  21. ↑ "United States Navy Fact File: Cruisers - CG". 9 January 2017. http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=800&ct=4. 
  22. ↑ "Summary of Historic facts （Part 3, Reviews of Large Size Destroyer Research）" (in zh-hans). Historical Data of Destroyers. Historical Data of Chinese Shipbuilding Industry. China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Department of Equipment and Technology of People's Liberation Army Navy. pp. 10–11. 
  23. ↑ Caldwell et al.: page 4
  24. ↑ Lin, Jeffrey; Singer, P.W. (9 April 2014). "The next new major Chinese warship arrives, on land". http://www.popsci.com/blog-network/eastern-arsenal/next-new-major-chinese-warship-arrives-land. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Chen, Zhuo, ed (26 April 2019). "China to commission first Type 055 guided missile destroyer". http://eng.mod.gov.cn/news/2019-04/26/content_4840496.htm. 
  26. ↑ Mizokami, Kyle (29 June 2017). "China launches Asia's biggest post-WWII warship". http://www.popsci.com/china-launches-asias-biggest-post-wwii-warship. 
  27. ↑ Lin, Jeffrey (28 June 2017). "China Launches Asia's Largest Surface Warship". http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/news/a27120/china-launches-asia-largest-warship/. 
  28. ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 28.16 28.17 28.18 28.19 28.20 28.21 Jane's Fighting Ships, 2023-24 Edition, ISBN 978-0-7106-3428 3, page 138.
  29. ↑ Lendon, Bard (28 June 2017). "China's newest destroyer seen as challenge to Asia rivals". http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/28/asia/china-navy-new-destroyer/index.html. 
  30. ↑ Caldwell et al.: page 9
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Wertheim, Eric (March 2023). "Type 055 Renhai-class Cruiser: China’s Premier Surface Combatant". https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2023/march/type-055-renhai-class-cruiser-chinas-premier-surface-combatant. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Tate, Andrew (13 October 2020). "More details emerge about detection capabilities of Type 055 destroyer's radar". https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/more-details-emerge-about-detection-capabilities-of-type-055-destroyers-radar. 
  33. ↑ "Chinese Type 055 destroyer has anti-stealth and anti-satellite capabilities". https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/october/9095-chinese-type-055-destroyer-has-anti-stealth-and-anti-satellite-capabilities.html. 
  34. ↑ Wang, Weixing, ed (4 September 2012). "谜一样的战舰 从052D驱逐舰看中舰艇系统" (in zh). http://news.inewsweek.cn/news-32022-p-3.html. 
  35. ↑ Bussert, James C. (1 July 2013). "China's Navy Deploys Three-Tier Defensive Weapons". Afcea International (AFCEA). https://www.afcea.org/content/china%E2%80%99s-navy-deploys%E2%80%A8-three-tier-defensive-weapons. Retrieved 29 April 2019. 
  36. ↑ Caldwell et al.: pages 11-12
  37. ↑ "Will China upgrade its destroyers with 'carrier killer' missiles?" (in en). 2020-09-12. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3101244/will-china-upgrade-its-destroyers-carrier-killer-missiles. 
  38. ↑ Zhang, Tao, ed (8 January 2015). "Expert: Don't overanalyze PLAN's type-055 destroyer". http://english.chinamil.com.cn/news-channels/china-military-news/2015-01/08/content_6302025.htm. 
  39. ↑ United States Department of Defense (May 2017). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2021 (Report). p. 80. https://media.defense.gov/2021/Nov/03/2002885874/-1/-1/0/2021-CMPR-FINAL.PDF. 
  40. ↑ 40.00 40.01 40.02 40.03 40.04 40.05 40.06 40.07 40.08 40.09 40.10 40.11 40.12 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named usn_oni_2022
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Tate, Andrew; O'Connor, Sean (26 April 2017). "Construction of China's Type 055 destroyers forges ahead". http://www.janes.com/article/69826/construction-of-china-s-type-055-destroyers-forges-ahead. 
  42. ↑ 陈丽娜, ed (28 June 2017). "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh). Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China. http://www.mod.gov.cn/power/2017-06/28/content_4783873.htm. 
  43. ↑ 夏阳 (29 March 2021). "改进型052D官宣入列东海舰队| 反潜能力提升, 还能探测隐身目标". in 杨宜修. https://n.eastday.com/pnews/161701394177014572. 
  44. ↑ Tate, Andrew (30 April 2018). "China launches second Type 055 destroyer". http://www.janes.com/article/79674/china-launches-second-type-055-destroyer. 
  45. ↑ "055型驱逐舰拉萨舰正式加入中国海军序列". 25 March 2021. http://www.mod.gov.cn/topnews/2021-03/25/content_4881859.htm. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Tate, Andrew (8 March 2021). "PLAN's second Type 055-class destroyer enters service". https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/plans-second-type-055-class-destroyer-enters-service. 
  47. ↑ Tate, Andrew (27 April 2021). "China commissions three major naval vessels on PLAN's 72nd anniversary". https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/china-commissions-three-major-naval-vessels-on-plans-72nd-anniversary. 
  48. ↑ "La Armada china recibe 3 buques para reforzar el control en el mar de China Meridional" (in es). 25 April 2021. https://www.efe.com/efe/espana/mundo/la-armada-china-recibe-3-buques-para-reforzar-el-control-en-mar-de-meridional/10001-4520381. 
  49. ↑ Gady, Franz-Stefan (15 March 2018). "PLA Navy commissions destroyer". https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/china-kicks-off-work-on-6th-type-055-guided-missile-destroyer/. 
  50. ↑ Zhao Lei (2 August 2022). "PLA Navy commissions destroyer". https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202208/02/WS62e885cea310fd2b29e6fb6d.html. 

Sources



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