Engineering:Dorothea quarry
 A flooded pit in the quarry in July 2010 | |
| Location | |
|---|---|
  Dorothea Location in Gwynedd | |
| Location | near Talysarn |
| County | Carnarvonshire (now Gwynedd) |
| Country | Wales, UK |
| Coordinates | [ ⚑ ] : 53°1′30″N 4°17′0″W / 53.025°N 4.283333°W SH 518 503 |
| Production | |
| Products | Slate |
| Type | Quarry |
| History | |
| Opened | 1820s |
| Closed | 1970 |
Dorothea quarry is a disused slate quarry in the Nantlle Valley area in North Wales. It covers a large area near the village of Talysarn and contains three flooded deep lakes.
History
Turner family
The quarry commenced working in the early 1820s, though there were a number of smaller workings on or near the site before this. About 1829 it was leased by William Turner who named the workings Cloddfa Turner. In the 1830s the quarry was generating £2000 profits per year (equivalent to £182,421 in 2016). Turner's son took over as manager and renamed the quarry Dorothea, apparently after the wife of the landowner Richard Garnons. Profits began to fall in the 1840s, and in April 1848 the quarry was put up for sale, with 22 years remaining on the lease.[1]
Local ownership
It was the largest quarry in the area, employing 200 men and producing 5,000-6,000 tons of finished slate a year. A group of quarrymen led by John Robinson, William Owen and John Jones purchased Dorothea from Turner for £3,000 - equivalent to £315,091 in 2016. They renewed the lease of the quarry in June 1851. The quarry was put up for sale again in 1864, at which time production was given at 1,000 tons per month. No buyer was found, instead John Williams of Denbighshire gradually bought out many of the existing shareholders, and by 1879 he had amassed more than 70% of the shares.[1]
Production peaked in 1872 at 17,442 tons,[2] though 1875 was the most profitable year, generating £14,738 (equivalent to £1,405,924 in 2016).[1] In the 1930s over 350 men were employed at Dorothea. Production dropped significantly after the start of World War II and the quarry closed in 1970.[2]
After closure
Since quarrying ended in 1970, the Dorothea quarry has flooded and become a popular site for scuba diving (even though there are no facilities provided, and diving is officially banned in the quarry); the unregulated nature and depth of the site has encouraged some divers to overestimate their capabilities – in the decade 1994–2004, 21 divers lost their lives in the quarry.[3]
Description
The quarry sits at the bottom of the wide Nantlle valley and consists of six pits, the deepest dropping 106m from the surface. The slate veins here run vertically, allowing unusually deep vertical pits to be dug. Because the pits fall below the water table they needed to be constantly pumped to stay dry. A Cornish beam engine was installed in 1904 to pump the pits; it stayed in use until 1951 when it was replaced with electric pumps.[2] This was the last new Cornish engine to be built.[lower-roman 1] It remains in situ in its Grade I listed engine house.[4]
Transportation
The quarry was one of the first users of the 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Nantlle Railway in 1828. It later developed an extensive internal tramway system of 2 ft (610 mm) gauge. Dorothea was one of the first users of De Winton locomotives in 1869.[2]
Locomotives
2 ft (610 mm) gauge locomotives known to have worked at Dorothea.
| Name | Builder | Works No. | Date built | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [5] | De Winton | c1869 | Scrapped by 1914 | ||
| Glyn[5] | De Winton | 1874 | Scrapped by 1914 | ||
| Dorothea | Hunslet | 763 | 1901 | Worked until 1942. Now preserved on the Launceston Steam Railway[6] | |
| Wendy | W.G. Bagnall | 2091 | 1919 | Purchased from the Votty & Bowydd Quarry in Blaenau Ffestiniog in 1930. Preserved by the Hampshire Narrow Gauge Railway Trust[7] and donated by them to the Statfold Barn Railway | |
| [5] | Deutz | 1926 | Purchased from the Votty & Bowydd quarry in March 1930. Believed scrapped. | ||
| [5] | Lister | 33527 | Out of use in October 1960. Scrapped in 1964. | ||
| [5] | Lister | 3916 | ex-Tarmac Limited contract in Wolverhampton. Out of use by 1964. | ||
| [5] | Lister | 3950 | ex-Tarmac Limited contract in Wolverhampton. Out of use by October 1960. Scrapped in 1964. |
References
- ↑ Another engine was installed later at Hodbarrow Mine, Cumberland, but this was an older engine, re-located.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lindsay, Jean (1974). A history of the North Wales slate industry. David & Charles.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Richards, Alun John. The Slate Regions of North and Mid Wales. pp. 70–71.
- ↑ "Why Dorothea claims lives". North-west Wales News. BBC Online. 2004-03-22. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/3557437.stm. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ↑ "Cornish Beam engine, Dorothea Quarry, Dyffryn Nantlle". http://www.penmorfa.com/Slate/beamengine.html. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Template:Tonks-North Wales
- ↑ "Dorothea". Launceston Steam Railway. Archived from the original on 2014-11-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20141108042006/http://www.launcestonsr.co.uk/dorothea.html.
- ↑ "Dorothea Slate Quarry". The Narrow Gauge Railway Museum. http://www.ngrm.org.uk/Collections/industrialRailways/DorotheaSlateQuarry.
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