Engineering:Cessna 182 Skylane

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Short description: American light aircraft
Cessna 182 Skylane
Cessna182t skylane n2231f cotswoldairshow 2010 arp.jpg
Role Light utility aircraft
National origin United States
Manufacturer Cessna Aircraft Company
First flight 10 September 1955[1]
Introduction 1956
Status In production
Produced 1956–1985,
1996–2012,
2015–present
Number built over 23,237[2]
Developed from Cessna 180
1956 Cessna 182 on floats
Cessna R182 Skylane RG, one of two variants with retractable landing gear
Cockpit of Cessna 182M Skylane
1958 Cessna 182A landing
1967 model Cessna 182K belonging to the Canadian Owners and Pilots Association
A Cessna 182P
Reims Cessna F182Q
Cessna 182Q fitted with the SMA SR305-230 engine
Cessna T182T
Cessna 182J
1981 Cessna 182R Skylane
T182T cockpit with Garmin G1000

The Cessna 182 Skylane is an American four-seat, single-engined light airplane built by Cessna of Wichita, Kansas. It has the option of adding two child seats in the baggage area.

Introduced in 1956, the 182 has been produced in a number of variants, including a version with retractable landing gear, and is the second-most popular Cessna model still in production after the 172.

Development

The Cessna 182 was introduced in 1956 as a tricycle gear variant of the 180. In 1957, the 182A variant was introduced along with the name Skylane. As production continued, later models were improved regularly with features such as a wider fuselage, swept tailfin with rear "omni-vision" window, enlarged baggage compartment, higher gross weights, landing gear changes, etc. The "restart" aircraft built after 1996 were different in many other details including a different engine, new seating design, etc.[citation needed]

By mid-2013, Cessna planned to introduce the next model of the 182T, designated the JT-A, using the 227 hp (169 kW) SMA SR305-230 diesel engine running on Jet-A with a burn rate of 11 U.S. gallons (42 L; 9.2 imp gal) per hour and cruise at 155 kn (287 km/h).[3][4] Cessna has no timeline for the JT-A.[5] The normally aspirated, avgas-fueled 182 went out of production in 2012, but came back in 2015.[6]

Cessna 182s were also built in Argentina by DINFIA, as the A182, and in France by Reims Aviation, as the F182.

Design

The Cessna 182 is an all-metal (mostly aluminum alloy) aircraft, although some parts – such as engine cowling nosebowl and wingtips – are made of fiberglass or thermoplastic material. Its wing has the same planform as the smaller Cessna 172 and the larger 205/206 series; however, some wing details, such as flap and aileron design, are the same as the 172 and are not like the 205/206 components.

Retractable gear

The retractable gear R182 and TR182 were offered from 1978 to 1986, without and with engine turbocharging, respectively. The model designation nomenclature differs from some other Cessna models with optional retractable gear. For instance, the retractable version of the Cessna 172 was designated as the 172RG, whereas the retractable gear version of the Cessna 182 is the R182. Cessna gave the R182 the marketing name of "Skylane RG".[7]

The R182 and TR182 offer 10-15% improvement in climb and cruise speeds over their fixed-gear counterparts, or alternatively, 10-15% better fuel economy at the same speeds at the expense of increased maintenance costs and decreased gear robustness. The 1978 R182 has a sea-level climb rate of 1140 ft/min and cruising speed (75% BHP) at 7,500 feet (2,300 m) of 156 KTAS at standard temperature.[8]

The landing-gear retraction system in the Skylane RG uses hydraulic actuators powered by an electrically driven pump. The system includes a gear position warning that emits an intermittent tone through the cabin speaker when the gear is in the retracted position and either the throttle is reduced below about 12 inHg manifold pressure MAP) or the flaps are extended beyond 20°. In the event of a hydraulic pump failure, the landing gear may be lowered using a hand pump to pressurize the hydraulic system. The system does not, however, allow the landing gear to be manually retracted.[8]

Variants

182
Initial production version with fixed landing gear, four-seat light aircraft, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-L piston engine, gross weight 2,550 lb (1,157 kg) and certified on 2 March 1956.[7]
182A Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-L piston engine, gross weight 2,650 lb (1,202 kg) and certified on 7 December 1956[7]
182B Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-L piston engine, gross weight 2,650 lb (1,202 kg) and certified on 22 August 1958[7]
182C Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-L piston engine, gross weight 2,650 lb (1,202 kg) and certified on 8 July 1959[7]
182D Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-L piston engine, gross weight 2,650 lb (1,202 kg) and certified on 14 June 1960[7]
182E Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-L or O-470-R piston engine, gross weight 2,800 lb (1,270 kg) and certified on 27 June 1961[7]
182F Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-L] or O-470-R piston engine, gross weight 2,800 lb (1,270 kg) and certified on 1 August 1962.[7]
182G Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-L or O-470-R piston engine, gross weight 2,800 lb (1,270 kg) and certified on 19 July 1963[7]
182H Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-R piston engine, gross weight 2,800 lb (1,270 kg) and certified on 17 September 1964[7]
182J Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-R piston engine, gross weight 2,800 lb (1,270 kg) and certified on 20 October 1965.[7]
182K Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-R piston engine, gross weight 2,800 lb (1,270 kg) and certified on 3 August 1966.[7]
182L Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-R piston engine, gross weight 2,800 lb (1,270 kg) and certified on 28 July 1967.[7]
182M Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-R piston engine, gross weight 2,800 lb (1,270 kg) and certified on 19 September 1968[7] An experimental version of this model had a full cantilever wing.[9]
182N Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-R or O-470-S piston engine, gross weight 2,950 lb (1,338 kg) for takeoff and 2,800 lb (1,270 kg) for landing, certified on 17 September 1969[7]
182P Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-R or O-470-S piston engine, gross weight 2,950 lb (1,338 kg) and certified on 8 October 1971.[7]
182Q Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-U piston engine, gross weight 2,950 lb (1,338 kg) and certified on 28 July 1976[7] Significant changes were a change to a 24-V electrical system in model year 1978 at s/n 18265966 and a change from bladder to wet-wing fuel tanks in model year 1979 at s/n 18266591.[citation needed]
182R Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a carbureted 230 hp (172 kW) Continental O-470-U piston engine, gross weight of 3,100 lb (1,406 kg) for takeoff and 2,950 lb (1,338 kg) for landing. Certified on 29 August 1980.[7] This variant, along with the 182Q, can alternatively be equipped with the jet fuel burning SMA SR305-230 Diesel engine.
182S Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a fuel-injected 230 hp (172 kW) Lycoming IO-540-AB1A5 piston engine, gross weight of 3,100 lb (1,406 kg) for takeoff and 2,950 lb (1,338 kg) for landing, certified on 3 October 1996[7]
182T Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a fuel-injected 230 hp (172 kW) Lycoming IO-540-AB1A5 piston engine, gross weight of 3,100 lb (1,406 kg) for takeoff and 2,950 lb (1,338 kg) for landing, certified on 23 February 2001, and as of July 2015, it is the only variant in production.[7][10]
R182 Skylane RG
Four-seat light aircraft with retractable landing gear, powered by a 235 hp (175 kW) Lycoming O-540-J3C5D piston engine, gross weight 3,100 lb (1,406 kg) and certified on 7 July 1977.[7]
T182
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a turbocharged 235 hp (175 kW) Lycoming O-540-L3C5D, piston engine, gross weight of 3,100 lb (1,406 kg) for takeoff and 2,950 lb (1,338 kg) for landing, certified on 15 August 1980.[7]
T182T Skylane
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a turbocharged and fuel-injected 235 hp (175 kW) Lycoming TIO-540-AK1A piston engine, gross weight of 3,100 lb (1,406 kg) for takeoff and 2,950 lb (1,338 kg) for landing, certified on 23 February 2001.[7] It was produced from 2001 to 2013, with production forecast to commence again in 2023.[11]
TR182 Turbo Skylane RG
Four-seat light aircraft with retractable landing gear, powered by a turbocharged 235 hp (175 kW) Lycoming O-540-L3C5D piston engine, gross weight 3,100 lb (1,406 kg) and certified on 12 September 1978.[7]
T182JT-A Turbo Skylane JT-A
Four-seat light aircraft with fixed landing gear, powered by a 227 hp (169 kW) SMA SR305-230 diesel engine, it burns 11 U.S. gallons (42 L; 9.2 imp gal) per hour of Jet-A fuel and cruises at 156 kn (289 km/h). The model was first flown in May 2013, and as of July 2015, FAA certification is on hold indefinitely.[10] Originally introduced as the Turbo Skylane NXT, Cessna changed the name to avoid confusion with the Remos NXT.[4][12][13]
Robertson STOL 182
An aftermarket 182 STOL conversion certified in 1967 that changes the leading edge shape and aileron controls and lowers the stall speed below 35 mph (56 km/h).[14]

Operators

Civil users

The 182 is used by a multitude of civil operators, cadet organizations, and flight schools worldwide.

Government operators

 Argentina
  • Argentine Federal Police - one A182L from 2001 is still in service for training as of 2020.[15]
 Belgium
 Canada
  • Transport Canada – one, sold in 2010[17]
 United States
  • Civil Air Patrol – used for inland and coastal search and rescue, homeland security support, and airborne communications repeater service[18]
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation - at least 27 used as surveillance aircraft equipped with optical, infrared and cellphone ELINT equipment[19][20][21]

Military operators

 Afghanistan
 Argentina
 Austria
 Belize
  • Belize Defence Force Air Wing[24]
 Canada
  • Canadian Army – 5 × L-182, retired 1970[25][26]
 Ecuador
  • Ecuadorian Army – 4[23]
 El Salvador
 Guatemala[26]
 Indonesia
 Mexico
 United Arab Emirates
 Uruguay
 Venezuela

Specifications (Cessna 182T)

3-view line drawing of the Cessna 182B Skylane
3-view line drawing of the Cessna 182B Skylane
3-view line drawing of the Cessna 182M Skylane
3-view line drawing of the Cessna 182M Skylane

Data from Cessna and AOPA[30][31]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Capacity: 3 passengers
  • Length: 29 ft 0 in (8.84 m)
  • Wingspan: 36 ft 0 in (10.97 m)
  • Height: 9 ft 4 in (2.84 m)
  • Wing area: 174 sq ft (16.2 m2)
  • Empty weight: 1,970 lb (894 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 3,100 lb (1,406 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming IO-540-AB1A5 air-cooled flat-six, 230 hp (170 kW)
  • Propellers: 3-bladed constant speed

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 150 kn (170 mph, 280 km/h)
  • Cruise speed: 145 kn (167 mph, 269 km/h)
  • Stall speed: 49 kn (56 mph, 91 km/h)
  • Never exceed speed: 175 kn (201 mph, 324 km/h)
  • Range: 930 nmi (1,070 mi, 1,720 km)
  • Service ceiling: 18,100 ft (5,500 m)
  • Rate of climb: 924 ft/min (4.69 m/s)

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Related lists

References

  1. ↑ Schiff, Barry (5 November 2008). "Cessna 182: Mr. Popular". http://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2008/november/pilot/cessna-182-mr-popular. 
  2. ↑ Cessna website lists 22,336 Skylanes delivered up to 2007 plus 901 Turbo Skylanes delivered up to 2007. It does not indicate whether these numbers include the retractable-gear 182s, which are no longer in production, so are not discussed on their webpage. It also does not (as of 14 May 2009) list the 2008 delivery totals.
  3. ↑ Thomas B Haines (October 2012). "Jet A for your Skylane". AOPA Pilot. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Grady, Mary (22 July 2012). "Cessna Unveils Jet A Engine For Skylane". AVweb. http://www.avweb.com/news/airventure/EAAAirVenture2012_CessnaUnveilsJetAEngineForSkylane_207018-1.html. 
  5. ↑ Bertorelli, Paul (12 May 2015). "Has Cessna Suddenly Grown Cold On Diesel?". AVweb. http://www.avweb.com/blogs/insider/Has-Cessna-Suddenly-Grown-Cold-on-Diesel-224068-1.html. 
  6. ↑ Pope, Stephen (14 May 2015). "Gas-Powered Cessna 182 Back in Production". Flying. http://www.flyingmag.com/aircraft/pistons/gas-powered-cessna-182-back-production. 
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 Federal Aviation Administration (April 2009). "TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. 3A13 Revision 69". http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/084b5675182d8714862575f6006d1bf4/$FILE/3A13%20Rev%2069.pdf. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Cessna Aircraft Company (October 1977). Pilot's Operating Handbook, Skylane RG, 1978 Model R182. 
  9. ↑ Phillips, Edward H: Wings of Cessna, Model 120 to the Citation III, Flying Books, 1986. ISBN:0-911139-05-2
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Marsh, Alton; Twombly, Ian (14 May 2015). "Cessna halts orders for diesel Cessna 182". http://www.aopa.org/News-and-Video/All-News/2015/May/14/Cessna-not-accepting-182-JT-A-orders. 
  11. ↑ O'Connor, Kate (10 February 2022). "Turbo Skylane Returns To Textron Lineup". AVweb. https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/turbo-skylane-returns-to-textron-lineup/. 
  12. ↑ Cessna (n.d.). "Cessna 182JT-A Sheet". http://textron.vo.llnwd.net/o25/CES/cessna_aircraft_docs/single_engine/skylane/TurboSkylaneJT-Aonesheet5.pdf. 
  13. ↑ Pew, Glenn (22 May 2013). "Cessna's Jet-A Skylane Flies". AVweb. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/cessna_jta_turbo_skylane_diesel_flight_208739-1.html. 
  14. ↑ Plane and Pilot. July 1967. 
  15. ↑ Rivas 2020, pp. 80–81
  16. ↑ "Belgische politie". polfed-fedpol.be. http://www.polfed-fedpol.be/org/org_dgs_dgm_mid_cessna_nl.php. 
  17. ↑ Transport Canada (December 2011). "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register". http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/Menu.aspx?lang=eng. 
  18. ↑ "Civil Air Patrol, Annual Report to Congress, 2008". Civil Air Patrol. p. 12. http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/2008_4EBF9170D4D9A.pdf. "With 118 glass cockpit Cessna 182 Skylanes now in CAP’s fleet, more and more CAP aircrews are benefiting from Cessna’s state-of-the-art Garmin G1000 flight equipment." 
  19. ↑ "FBI behind mysterious surveillance aircraft over US cities - StarTribune.com". Star Tribune. http://www.startribune.com/fbi-behind-mysterious-surveillance-aircraft-over-us-cities/305793361. 
  20. ↑ "Does The FBI Have A Fleet Of Surveillance Cessnas?". AVweb. May 31, 2015. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Does-The-FBI-Have-A-Fleet-Of-Surveillance-Cessnas-224192-1.html. 
  21. ↑ "Mysterious low-flying plane over Twin Cities raises eyebrows - StarTribune.com". Star Tribune. http://www.startribune.com/nighttime-flight-circles-low-over-twin-cities-for-hours/305398901/. 
  22. ↑ "Afghan air force receives first three Cessna planes". kansas. http://www.kansas.com/2011/09/22/2027535/afghan-air-force-receives-first.html. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 Taylor, Michael: Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft, page 67. Bison Books, 1987. ISBN:0-8317-2808-6
  24. ↑ "BDFAW Patch Air Wing Belize Defence Force Crest Defender Patch". https://www.airforcecollectables.com/BDFAW-Patch-Air-Wing-Belize-Defence-Force-Crest-Defender-1P-75BZ-1BAW-04WIN-1CR-0000AW-01.htm. 
  25. ↑ Air Force Public Affairs / Department of National Defence (April 2004). "Cessna L-182 (L-19L)". http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/site/equip/historical/L19Llst_e.asp. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 Krivinyi, Nikolaus: World Military Aviation, page 148. Arco Publishing Co, 1977. ISBN:0-668-04348-2
  27. ↑ "Peace Research Institute". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2010. http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php. 
  28. ↑ Simpson Air International May 2000, p. 296.
  29. ↑ "Venezuela Army Equipment - Military - GlobalSecurity.orgCombat". GlobalSecurity.org. 2019-03-02. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/venezuela/army-equipment.htm. Retrieved 2021-08-28. 
  30. ↑ "Cessna Skylane Specifications". Cessna Corporation. http://www.cessna.com/single-engine/skylane/skylane-specifications.html. 
  31. ↑ Boatman, Julie (March 2004). "Cessna 182T – Setting the Standard". AOPA Pilot. AOPA. http://www.aopa.org/members/files/pilot/2004/cessna0403.html. 

Bibliography

  • Rivas, Santiago (September 2020). "Fighting Criminals all over Argentina". Air International 99 (3): 80–83. ISSN 0306-5634. 
  • Simpson, Rob (May 2000). "General Aviation marches into its second century". Air International 58 (5): 294–297. ISSN 0306-5634. 

External links



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