Engineering:Progress D-436

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D-436
D-436-148 MAKS-2009.jpg
D-436-148 turbofan engine for An-148
Type Turbofan
National origin Soviet Union/Ukraine
Manufacturer Ivchenko-Progress, UMPO and NPC Saljut
First run 1985
Major applications Antonov An-148
Tupolev Tu-334
Beriev Be-200
Developed from Lotarev D-36

The Progress D-436 is a three-shaft high by-pass turbofan engine developed by the Ukrainian company Ivchenko-Progress, and manufactured by Motor Sich in Ukraine.[1] It was initially developed to meet the requirements for late versions of the Yakovlev Yak-42 and the Antonov An-72 in the 1980s. The engine first ran in 1985 and was subsequently certified in 1987.[2] Several variants have been developed and are currently in service with a variety of aircraft.

Design and development

The D-436 engine was developed as a follow on to the Lotarev D-36. The engine took several of its design features from that engine and another Progress engine, the Progress D-18. The D-436 incorporated an updated, higher RPM fan, a lower emissions combustor, and new compressor sections. Several variants of the engine incorporate a FADEC.

The Motor-Sich plant in Zaporozhie, where the assembly line for D-436 engines was located,[3] was destroyed by Russian forces in late May 2022 following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[4]

Variants

A Progress D-436 installed on an Antonov An-158
D-436K
The "K" variant was the initial model of the engine. It had a bypass ratio of 6.2 and a pressure ratio of 21.0. Proposed for use in the defunct Antonov An-71.[5]
D-436M
The "M" variant was proposed for use on the Yak-42M.[6]
D-436T1
The "T1" variant is used on the Tu-334 and has been offered for use on the in-development Tu-414.[7] See detailed specifications below. The variant was also proposed for use on the now-defunct An-174.
D-436T1-134
The "T1-134" variant was proposed as a replacement for the engines on the Tu-134.
D-436T2
The "T2" variant is uprated to 80 kN (18,000 lbf) of thrust and is used on the Tu-334-100D and the Tu-334-200D.[8]
D-436TP
The "TP" variant is a specific "maritime" corrosion-resistant version developed for use in the Be-200 amphibious aircraft. This variant produces 7,500 kgf (16,534 lbf) each.
D-436T3
The "T3" variant added a booster section behind the new wide-chord fan and had a maximum thrust around 93 kN (21,000 lbf).[9] The T3 variant was also considered for the Il-214, but the aircraft's thrust requirements exceeded the max engine thrust of 98 kN (22,000 lbf).[10]
D-436-148
The "-148" variant was developed specifically for the An-148.[11] This version is derated to 67 kN (15,000 lbf) of thrust for longer engine life.[12]
D-436TX
The "TX" variant uses the same core at the "T3", but includes an updated turbine and a geared fan. It is in the 117–135 kN (26,000–30,000 lbf) class.[9]

Derivatives

AI-436T12
This derivative engine was designed for use on the Irkut/Ilyushin MC-21. It was projected to produce 117 kN (26,000 lbf) of thrust.[13] Irkut has since replaced the AI-436T12 with the 137.89 kN (31,000 lbf) Aviadvigatel PD-14.[14][15]

Applications

Specifications (D-436-T1)

Data from Elodie Roux,[16] page 159

General characteristics

  • Type: Three-spool high-bypass turbofan
  • Length: 3.03 m (9 ft 11 in)
  • Diameter: 1.373 m (4 ft 6.1 in)
  • Dry weight: 1,450 kg (3,200 lb)

Components

  • Compressor: Axial flow, 1-stage fan, 6-stage IP, 7-stage HP
  • Turbine: 1-stage HP, 1-stage IP, 3-stage LP

Performance

  • Maximum thrust: Takeoff: 7,650 kgf (16,865 lbf; 75.02 kN); Cruise: 1,500 kgf (3,307 lbf; 14.71 kN) at Mach 0.75 speed, 11,000 m (36,000 ft) altitude
  • Overall pressure ratio: 25.2
  • Bypass ratio: 4.95
  • Air mass flow: 606.3 lb/s (275.0 kg/s)
  • Turbine inlet temperature: 1,550 K (2,790 °R; 1,280 °C; 2,330 °F)
  • Specific fuel consumption: Takeoff: 10.6 g/(kN⋅s) (0.37 lb/(lbf⋅h)); Cruise: 17.3 g/(kN⋅s) (0.61 lb/(lbf⋅h))
  • Power-to-weight ratio:

See also

Related development

Comparable engines

Related lists

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "Ukraine bans deliveries of D-436 civil aircraft engines to Russia". Tass, February 19, 2018. https://tass.com/economy/990693. Retrieved July 29, 2022. 
  2. ↑ . 31 March 2009. 
  3. ↑ "Be-200 Indigenous Engine Delays Drive Be-12 Life Extension". AINonline, April 20, 2019. https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2019-04-20/be-200-indigenous-engine-delays-drive-be-12-life-extension. Retrieved September 19, 2022. 
  4. ↑ "Russia Says It Destroyed Ukrainian Military Engine Plant". Newsweek, May 26, 2022. https://www.newsweek.com/russia-says-it-destroyed-ukrainian-military-engine-plant-1710612. Retrieved September 19, 2022. 
  5. ↑ Fricker, John (4 December 1995). "Russian AWACS programs face funding problems". Aviation Week and Space Technology 143 (23): 89–90, 92. ISSN 0005-2175. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19951204/#!&pid=89. 
  6. ↑ "ZMKB Progress". Flight International. 8 October 1996. ISSN 0015-3710. https://www.flightglobal.com/zmkb-progress/4020.article. 
  7. ↑ "Tu-324/414 (2003)". Flight International: 57. 28 October – 3 November 2003. ISSN 0015-3710. 
  8. ↑ "Tupolev (1999)". Flight International: 73. 1–7 September 1999. ISSN 0015-3710. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "ZMKB Progress (2004)". Flight International: 61. 23–29 November 2004. ISSN 0015-3710. 
  10. ↑ "India needs more power for Il-214". Flight International. 29 April 2002. ISSN 0015-3710. https://www.flightglobal.com/india-needs-more-power-for-il-214/42482.article. 
  11. ↑ "An-148 final assembly gets under way at Kiev". Flight International. 15 March 2004. ISSN 0015-3710. https://www.flightglobal.com/an-148-final-assembly-gets-under-way-at-kiev/53378.article. 
  12. ↑ "An-148 design tweaked as date for first flight approaches". Flight International. 23 June 2003. ISSN 0015-3710. https://www.flightglobal.com/paris-show-report-2003-an-148-design-tweaked-as-date-for-first-flight-approaches/49434.article. 
  13. ↑ ENGINES (2008). DEFENSE and SECURITY (Russia). No. 100, September 10, 2008
  14. ↑ "Irkut Removes Pratt & Whitney Engine Option From The MC-21". SimpleFlying, April 25, 2022. https://simpleflying.com/irkut-mc-21-no-pratt-whitney-engine-option/. Retrieved June 10, 2023. 
  15. ↑ "MC-21 test aircraft flies with PD-14 engines after swap from PW-1400Gs". FlightGlobal, October 7, 2022. https://www.flightglobal.com/aerospace/mc-21-test-aircraft-flies-with-pd-14-engines-after-swap-from-pw1400gs/150465.article. Retrieved June 10, 2023. 
  16. ↑ Élodie Roux (2007). "Turbofan and turbojet engines: Database handbook". Turbofan and turbojet engines: Database handbook. pp. 159–160. ISBN 9782952938013. OCLC 804131087. https://books.google.com/books?id=_5vA_5XK33sC. 



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