Engineering:Toyota iQ

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Toyota iQ (AJ10)
Front-three-quarter view of a three-door car with a one-box body style whose passenger door spans almost the entire distance between the front and rear wheel arches; the car is fitted with alloy wheels, flush headlights, front foglamps, and door mirrors with integrated turning indicator lights.
2010 Toyota iQ2 (UK)
Overview
TypeCity car
ManufacturerToyota
Also called
  • Scion iQ (US and Canada)
  • Aston Martin Cygnet (Europe)
  • Singulato iC3 (China)
Production
  • 2008–2015
  • (2011–2013, Aston Martin Cygnet)
Model years2009-2015 (EU), 2012–2015 (US), 2008-2016 (JDM)
AssemblyJapan: Toyota, Aichi (Takaoka plant)[1]
Designer
  • Toyota ED2
  • Hiroki Nakajima (2006)
Body and chassis
ClassCity car
Body style3-door hatchback
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine
  • 1.0 L 1KR-FE I3
  • 1.3 L 1NR-FE petrol I4
  • 1.3 L 1NR-FSE petrol supercharger I4 (iQ GRMN Supercharger)
  • 1.4 L 1ND-FTV diesel I4
Electric motorPermanent Magnet Electric motor (Singulato iC3)
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,000 mm (78.7 in)
Length
  • Toyota iQ: 2,985 mm (117.5 in)
  • Scion iQ: 3,051 mm (120.1 in)
  • AM Cygnet: 3,078 mm (121.2 in)
Width1,680 mm (66.1 in)
Height1,500 mm (59.1 in)
|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight
  • Toyota iQ: 860 kg (1,896 lb)
  • AM Cygnet: 988 kg (2,178 lb)

The Toyota iQ is a city car manufactured by Toyota and marketed in a single generation for Japan (2008–2016); Europe (2008–2015); and North America (2012–2015), where it was marketed as the Scion iQ.[2] A rebadged variant was marketed in Europe as the Aston Martin Cygnet (2009–2013).

Designed at the Toyota European Design and Development studio in Nice, France, the iQ is noted for its specialized engineering to maximize passenger space and minimize length. The design accommodates four occupants, although one of the seats has very little legroom and is not suitable for adults.

Following a concept presented at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show,[3] the production iQ debuted at the March 2008 Geneva Motor Show. Japanese sales began in November 2008 and European sales in January 2009.[4] In 2008, the iQ was named the Japanese Car of the Year.

The name iQ, an initialism of the term intelligence quotient, recalls a competitor, the Smart Fortwo. The letters "iQ" also stand for "individuality", "innovation", "quality", a hint at its "cubic form" and also a "cue" for owners to embrace new types of vehicles and lifestyles.

The iQ reached the end of production in December 2015, and it was discontinued in Japan in April 2016.[citation needed]

Overview

Rear-three-quarter view
2010 Toyota iQ2 (UK)
Dashboard of a car with an automatic gearbox, front airbags, satellite navigation, analogue and digital gauges, and rotary controls for the fan and heater
Interior
Rear bench seat with one half of the backrest folded down to allow for additional luggage space
Rear interior

The IQ design emphasizes fuel efficiency, maneuverability, low environmental impact, and interior space. Six design factors enable the minimal overhangs, forward windscreen location, maximized cabin space and overall compactness:

  • A newly developed differential mounted further forward than usual
  • A centre take-off steering gear
  • A flat fuel tank positioned underneath the cabin floor
  • Rear-angled shock absorbers to encroach less on rear passenger space
  • A smaller heater/air conditioning unit mounted centrally behind the asymmetric dashboard
  • A slimmer seat design.

The iQ features a transmissions differential housing located ahead of, rather than behind, the engine; a starter motor incorporated in the engine's flywheel, a high-mounted steering rack and a compact, high-located air conditioning unit behind the dashboard central area. The arrangement allows the front passenger to sit forward of the driver, giving increased rear passenger legroom. A shallow under-floor fuel tank reduces rear overhang.[5]

Because of its overall width and engine displacement, the iQ is classified in its home market as a supermini, though its length complies with kei car dimensional regulations.

European sales of the iQ peaked at 44,282 in 2009, and then gradually decreased to less than a thousand in 2015.[6] In Europe, the iQ was priced at approximately £10,000, more than the larger Toyota Aygo.[7]

Production of the Scion iQ EV (Toyota eQ in Japan) was to be limited to 100 units for special fleet use in Japan and carsharing demonstration projects in the U.S.[8][9] Deliveries of the all-electric version with a range of 80 km (50 mi) began in the U.S. in March 2013.

Details

Compared to the production version, the preview concept lacked an upper grille opening, had less pronounced front bumpers, and was fitted with larger wheels
iQ Concept

Model codes

Toyota internally designated the iQ as the AJ10, with further sub-model chassis codes:

Chassis code KGJ10-BGXRG KGJ10-BGXNG NGJ10-BGXNG NUJ10-BGFNW
Body style 2-seat 4-seat 4-seat 4-seat
Engine 1KR-FE 1KR-FE 1NR-FE 1ND-TV
Years 2009–2015 2008–2015 2008–2015 2008–2015

The two seat variant was marketed solely in Japan.

Engines

Model Type Power at rpm Torque at rpm CO2 emission (g/km)
Petrol engines
1.0 998 cc (60.9 cu in) I3 (1KR-FE) 68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp) at 6,000 98 N⋅m (72 lbf⋅ft) at 4,800 99 manual, 110 CVT
1.0 (Japan) 996 cc (60.8 cu in) I3 (1KR-FE) 68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp) at 6,000 98 N⋅m (72 lbf⋅ft) at 4,800 CVT: 101 in 10・15 mode, 112 in JC08 mode
1.33 1,329 cc (81.1 cu in) I4 (1NR-FE) 98 PS (72 kW; 97 hp) at 6,000 123 N⋅m (91 lbf⋅ft) at 4,400 113 manual, 120 CVT
1.3 (Japan) 1,329 cc (81.1 cu in) I4 (1NR-FE) 94 PS (69 kW; 93 hp) at 6,000 118 N⋅m (87 lbf⋅ft) at 4,400 CVT: 101 in 10・15 mode, 112 in JC08 mode
Diesel engines
1.4D 1,364 cc (83.2 cu in) I4 (1ND-FTV) 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) at 3,400 190 N⋅m (140 lbf⋅ft) at 1,800–3,200 104 manual

The 1.0L engine is similar to the engine in Toyota Aygo.[10] The iQ achieves 65.69 mpg‑imp (4.3 L/100 km; 55 mpg‑US) by European standards.[11] UK models include only petrol engines.

Early Japanese models include only 1.0L three-cylinder engine. 1.33L engine option was added beginning in 2009.[12] Models with the 1.33L engine include start and stop system, however, only with the manual transmission.

The car is capable of fitting 1.6L four-cylinder engine.[13]

Transmissions

Model Type
1.0 5-speed manual, CVT (CVT‐i)
1.33 6-speed manual, CVT (Super CVT‐i)[14]
1.4D 6-speed manual

Japanese models include only CVT transmission.

Specifications

1.0 VVT-i 1.33 Dual-VVT-i 1.4 D-4D
Production Nov 2008 – Dec 2015 May 2009 – Dec 2015 Nov 2008 – Apr 2012
Standard trim level iQ iQ3 iQ
Engine Petrol Diesel
Engine Type 1KR-FE 1NR-FE 1ND-TV
Displacement 998 cm³ 1329 cm³ 1364 cm³
max. Power at rpm 50 kW (67 hp; 68 PS) at 6,000 72 kW (97 hp; 98 PS) at 6,000 66 kW (89 hp; 90 PS) at 3,400
max. Torque at rpm 98 N⋅m (72 lbf⋅ft) at 4,800 123 N⋅m (91 lbf⋅ft) at 4,400 190 N⋅m (140 lbf⋅ft) at 1,800–3,200
Gearbox, standard 5-speed manual 6-speed manual
Gearbox, optional CVT transmission
Wheels / tires 175 / 65 / R15 J5 175 / 60 / R16 J5 175 / 65 / R15 J5
Acceleration,
0 – 100 km/h in s 		14.7 [15.5] 11.8 [11.6] 10.7
Maximum speed,
km/h (mph) 		155 (96) 170 (106)
Fuel consumption urban,
l / 100 km 		4.9 [5.7] 5.9 [6.3] 4.8
Fuel consumption extra-urban,
l / 100 km 		3.9 [4.1] 4.2 [4.4] 3.5
Fuel consumption combined,
l / 100 km 		4.3 [4.7] 4.8 [5.1] 4.0
CO2 emission (g/km) 99 [110] 113 [120] 104
Curb weight (kg) 845 – 885 [860 – 895] 930–955 935–975
Gross weight (kg) 1200–1210 1270 1280–1285
Noise (drive-by) (EU directive 70/157/EEC),
db(A) 		67.3 [70.2] 69.5 [68.6] 68.7
Euro NCAP test results
Toyota iQ 1.0, LHD (2009)[15]
Test Points %
Overall: 5 /5 stars
Adult occupant: 33 91%
Child occupant: 35 71%
Pedestrian: 19 54%
Safety assist: 6 86%

Safety

The iQ includes nine airbags,[16] dual frontal airbags, front seat-mounted side torso airbags, side curtain airbags, front passenger seat cushion airbag, a driver's knee airbag and a newly developed rear curtain airbag to protect backseat passengers' heads from rear-end collisions.[17] Vehicle Stability Control, traction control, anti-lock brakes, brake assist, and electronic brakeforce distribution come standard.

In 2013, the UK's Vehicle and Operator Services Agency voted the Toyota iQ as top three-year-old car most likely to pass its first Ministry of Transport road worthiness test.[18]

In 2023, Toyota and their subsidiary Daihatsu posted a notice that iQ models made for Japan and Europe had "irregularities" during safety tests (such as data falsifications and use of unauthorized testing procedures.[19] Daihatsu noted that for most vehicles including the iQ, "performance standards stipulated by laws and regulations are [still] satisfied".[20]

Scion iQ

This Scion model has a differently shaped front grille, no front foglamps, and steel wheels with hubcaps.
Scion iQ (US)

In the United States and Canada , the iQ was marketed under Toyota's Scion brand, then Toyota's North American small car brand. The car was introduced in 2012 and discontinued with its Toyota counterpart in 2015.[21] The production Scion iQ debuted at the 2010 New York Auto Show and was marketed for model years 2012 to 2015.[22] In North America, the iQ was only available with the 1.3 L 1NR-FE engine paired to a CVT automatic.

Toyota eQ/Scion iQ EV

The Toyota eQ/Scion iQ EV is based on Toyota's three generations of FT-EV concept. Shown is the Toyota FT-EV III concept car at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show.

A prototype of the Toyota eQ (Scion iQ EV in the US) was exhibited at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show. The Scion iQ EV is the successor to the FT-EV II as an electric vehicle based on the Toyota iQ chassis.[23][24] Toyota produced three generations of FT-EV concept cars, and the iQ EV is a production version of those concepts, incorporating the technological and design strengths of all three models. The exterior of the production version is based on the FT-EV III concept shown at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show.[25]

The U.S. launch of the limited-production Scion iQ EV was announced for 2012,[26][27] and according to Toyota, for the initial roll-out the iQ EV would not be available to individual consumers, instead the carmaker decided to focus on fleet customers and car sharing programs.[28] The iQ EV was scheduled to be produced at Toyota's Takaoka Plant in Toyota City beginning in August 2012 and the initial production was planned to be limited to 600 units, with 400 staying in Japan, 100 units destined to the U.S. and the other 100 for Europe.[29] In September 2012 Toyota announced that due to customers' concerns about range and charging time, the production of the Scion iQ (Toyota eQ in Japan) will be limited to 100 units for special fleet use in Japan and the U.S. only, of which, 90 will be placed in American carsharing demonstration projects.[8][9] The iQ EV will be priced in the Japanese market at ¥3.6 million (~US$45,000). The iQ EV/eQ was scheduled to be released in both countries in December 2012.[8]

The first 30 units were delivered in the U.S. to the University of California, Irvine in March 2013 for use in its Zero Emission Vehicle-Network Enabled Transport (ZEV-NET) carsharing fleet. Since 2002 the ZEV-NET program has been serving the transport needs of the Irvine community with all-electric vehicles for the critical last mile of commutes from the Irvine train station to the UC campus and local business offices.[9] In September 2013, another 30 units were allocated to City Carshare to operate Dash, a three-year pilot carsharing program in Hacienda Business Park, in Pleasanton, California.[30]

Specifications

Toyota eQ electric city car

Designed as a city commuting vehicle, the iQ EV has a lower battery capacity that also translates into a shorter charging time, allowing the car to be fully recharged in approximately three hours, and using fast charging, the battery can be recharged up to 80% capacity in only 15 minutes. The iQ EV has a 150 cell 12 kWh 277.5 V lithium-ion battery pack that delivers a NEDC-certified range of 85 km (53 mi),[25] and rated 80 km (50 mi) in the U.S.[9] Based on further development of Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive technology, the iQ EV's fully electric powertrain comprises an air-cooled, 47 kW electric motor/generator, the 12 kWh battery pack, a 3 kW water-cooled battery charger, an inverter, a DC/DC converter and a motor speed reduction mechanism. Maximum torque of 163 N⋅m (120 lb⋅ft) is delivered to the front wheels, giving the iQ EV 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration of 14.0 seconds and a maximum speed of 125 km/h (78 mph). Like other Toyota full hybrid vehicles, the iQ EV is equipped with a regenerative braking system.[25]

The iQ EV has a minimum turning radius of just 4.1 m (13 ft) and with a length of 3,120 mm (122.8 in), making the iQ EV 135 mm (5.3 in) longer than a standard iQ. The electric car shares the iQ overall width of 1,680 mm (66.1 in), height of 1,505 mm (59.3 in) and wheelbase of 2,000 mm (78.7 in). High tensile sheet steel has been extensively used in the body shell construction to minimize the additional weight caused by the lithium-ion battery pack, and as a result, the iQ EV weighs just 125 kg (276 lb) more than a standard 1.3L CVT iQ.[25]

Fuel economy

The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency rated the 2013 iQ EV with a combined fuel economy of 121 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPG-e) (1.9 L/100 km) with an energy consumption of 28 kW-hrs/100 miles. The city rating is 138 MPG-e (1.7 L/100 km) with an energy consumption of 24 kW-hrs/100 miles and 105 MPG-e (2.2 L/100 km) with an energy consumption of 32 kW-hrs/100 miles for highway driving.[31] (As of December 2014), these ratings allow the 2013 iQ EV to be the second most fuel efficient EPA-certified vehicle of all fuel types considered in all years behind the BMW i3.[32][33] The iQ EV was ranked first in DOE-EPA's 2013 Annual Fuel Economy Guide.[34]

Aston Martin Cygnet

Aston Martin Cygnet (P298)
Aston Martin Cygnet Silver Jubilee (1).jpg
Overview
ManufacturerAston Martin
ProductionJanuary 2011 — September 2013
AssemblyUnited Kingdom: Gaydon, Warwickshire
Body and chassis
ClassCity car
Body style3-door hatchback

The Aston Martin Cygnet is a rebadged variant of the Toyota/Scion iQ marketed by Aston Martin beginning with the 2011 model year, allowing Aston Martin to comply with the 2012 European Union-imposed fleet average emissions regulations.[35][36] It was developed under the codename P298.[37]

The Cygnet was initially only marketed in the UK. Sales commenced in January 2011 and the market coverage was expanded to cover other European countries the following year.[38] Sales were not restricted, but demand from existing Aston Martin owners for Cygnet was expected to take priority initially. Aston Martin CEO Ulrich Bez announced shipping expectations of about 4000 per year at a price of about £30,000[39] – about three times as much as the iQ.[40] Bez stated that the Cygnet demonstrated the company's "commitment to innovation and integrity", whilst respecting the need to "satisfy demands of emissions and space".[41]

The Cygnet featured revisions to the exterior and interior but shared other specifications with the iQ, having a 97 bhp (72 kW; 98 PS) 1.3L inline-four engine,[42] it produced 110 g of CO
2/km and fuel consumption of 58.9 mpg‑US (3.99 L/100 km; 70.7 mpg‑imp).[43]

In September 2013, after just over two years of production, Aston Martin announced that it would stop production of the Cygnet. The Cygnet has been the second shortest running production car in the history of Aston Martin after the 2012 Aston Martin Virage, which was only produced for a year.[44] The Cygnet was cancelled due to disastrously low sales, with the car reaching only 150 units in the UK (almost 600 across Europe[45]) rather than its annual target of 4000.[46]

In June 2018, Aston Martin announced a one-off 4.7-litre 321 kW (430 bhp) V8 edition of the Cygnet for a customer. It uses the engine, transmission, suspension, brakes and wheels from the Aston Martin Vantage S. New subframes and wheel arches were made to combine the body and mechanicals.[47][48]

Specifications

Engine[49] Years Type Displacement Power Torque 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) Top speed Drive CO
2 emission
Toyota 1NR-FE 2011-2013 Straight-four engine 1,329 cc (1.3 L; 81.1 cu in) 72 kW (97 hp) at 6000 123 N⋅m (91 lb⋅ft) at 4400 11.8 s 170 km/h (106 mph) FWD 116 g/km

  • Aston Martin Cygnet

  • Aston Martin Cygnet

  • Aston Martin Cygnet interior

Singulato iC3

Singulato iC3
Singulato iC3 001.jpg
Overview
ManufacturerSingulato
Body and chassis
Body stylehatchback

At the 2019 Auto Shanghai show, Chinese electric vehicle brand Singulato showed off its second production car, the iC3. The iC3 was created through negotiations with Toyota in order to use the platform and basic design of the iQ.[50] In return Toyota is allowed to use the Green Vehicle Credits produced by Singulato in China. The iC3 differs in design from the iQ in both the front and rear fascias.[51]

  • Singulato iC3

  • Singulato iC3 rear

Concept cars

Toyota iQ Concept (2007)

Was initially unveiled at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show.

Toyota FT-EV (2009)

Toyota FT-EV concept

The Toyota FT-EV concept was unveiled at the January 2009 North American International Auto Show.[52] It was a modified electric version of the Toyota iQ with an estimated capacity of 50 miles (80 km). Toyota planned to launch the production version of FT-EV in 2012.[53]

Toyota FT-EV II (2009)

The Toyota FT-EV II was first shown at the October 2009 Tokyo Motor Show.[54] It has a unique design compared to the FT-EV, with a transparent body and electrically operated sliding doors. A pair of linked joysticks (each joystick duplicating the other) control acceleration, braking and steering using drive-by-wire.[55] The top speed is over 100 km/h (62 mph) and the range is 90 km (56 mi).

Toyota iQ Customize Car (2009–)

This is a family of Toyota iQ custom body kits in Japanese market.[56]

MODELLISTA MAXI includes custom front bumper, side skirt, rear bumper. MODELLISTA MIXTURE includes custom B-pillar shadow, mirror cover, back window panel, side door trim. MODELLISTA MIXTURE side make set only includes custom mirror cover and side door trim.

Toyota iQ "Gazoo Racing tuned by MN" (130G, 2009)

This is a limited (100 units) version for Japanese market. It included a 1,329 cubic centimetres (1.329 L; 81.1 cu in) I4 engine, 6-speed manual transmission, stiffer sport suspension that lowers its ride height by 30 mm (1.2 in), rear disk brakes, RAYS 16x5.5-in aluminium wheels with 175/60R16 tires, enhanced brakes, stiffening brace, tachometer, aluminium pedals, rear spoiler, GRMN emblem and a sport exhaust system.[57][58]

The Gazoo Racing package adds a front bumper spoiler, side mudguards, rear bumper spoiler centre muffler, Toyota front fog lamps, original decal, front sport seat covers.

The vehicle was unveiled at the January 2009 Tokyo Auto Salon.

The Gazoo Racing cars were sold through Toyota's Netz dealer channel.[59] It has MSRP of ¥1,972,000 (¥1,878,095+tax).

Scion iQ Concept (2009)

The Scion iQ Concept car was built by Five Axis (California, USA) based on the Toyota iQ and displayed in April 2009 at the New York Auto Show. It was also shown at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show as the Toyota iQ for Sports concept. Based on the production Toyota iQ, the concept was equipped with a 94 hp (70 kW) and 89 lb⋅ft (121 N⋅m) 1.3-liter, 1,329 cc (81 cu in) DOHC Inline-4 engine, 18-inch wheels and widened wheel arches, with eleven airbags.[60]

Toyota iQ Collection (2009)

Unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show with the iQ for Sports, the Toyota iQ Collection had a transparent acrylic roof, looking similar to the initial 2007 concept, and a custom interior.

GRMN iQ Racing Concept (2011)

The GRMN iQ Racing Concept was based on Toyota iQ "Gazoo Racing tuned by MN" car sold in 2009, but was equipped with a supercharger and roll cage.

The vehicle was unveiled at the 2011 Tokyo Auto Salon.[61]

GRMN iQ Supercharger (2012)

It is a limited (100 units) version of Toyota iQ for Japanese market, based on the Toyota iQ 130G MT. It included the supercharger found in the GRMN iQ Racing Concept car.

The prototype vehicle was unveiled at the 2012 Tokyo Auto Salon.[62]

Toyota FT-EV III

Was shown as the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show, see below.

Sales

Year Europe U.S.
Toyota iQ[63] Aston Martin Cygnet[64] Scion iQ[65][66]
2008 40
2009 44,282
2010 23,313
2011 12,955 261 248
2012 9,245 172 8,879
2013 5,462 131 4,046
2014 3,593 29 2,040
2015 292 482
2016 172 6
2017 2 6
2018 3

References

  1. ↑ "Japanese Production Sites" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 6 March 2015. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015.
  2. ↑ Eric Loveday (20 July 2011). "2012 Scion iQ priced from $15,995". AutoblogGreen. http://green.autoblog.com/2011/07/20/2012-scion-iq-priced-from-15-995/. 
  3. ↑ Abuelsamid, Sam (12 September 2007). "Frankfurt 2007: Toyota iQ concept details and Pics". Autobloggreen.com. http://www.autobloggreen.com/2007/09/12/frankfurt-2007-toyota-iq-concept-details-and-pics/. 
  4. ↑ "2009 Toyota iQ revealed (updated)". Leftlanenews.com. http://www.leftlanenews.com/toyota-iq.html. 
  5. ↑ "2010 Toyota iQ". Car and Driver, Ray Hutton, December 2008. http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2010-toyota-iq-first-drive-review. 
  6. ↑ Demandt, Bart. "Toyota IQ European sales figures". https://carsalesbase.com/europe-toyota-iq/. 
  7. ↑ Madden, Luke (5 May 2012). "Toyota iQ (2009-2015) review" (in en). https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/toyota/iq. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Toyota beefs up green vehicles, plans electric car for this year, fuel cell vehicle by 2015". Toledo Blade. Associated Press. 24 September 2012. http://www.toledoblade.com/Automotive/2012/09/24/Toyota-beefs-up-green-vehicles-plans-electric-car-for-this-year-fuel-cell-vehicle-by-2015.html. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 UC Irvine Press Release (21 March 2013). "UC Irvine's car-sharing program charges ahead". University of California, Irvine. http://news.uci.edu/press-releases/uc-irvines-car-sharing-program-charges-ahead/. 
  10. ↑ "CAR review 2Sep08". Car Magazine. 2 September 2008. http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/Drives/Search-Results/First-drives/Toyota-iQ-10-2009-CAR-review/. 
  11. ↑ "iQ on sale in Europe". Toyota.co.uk. 6 January 1990. http://www.toyota.co.uk/. 
  12. ↑ "TOYOTA、iQに1.3L車を新設定". .toyota.co.jp. 20 August 2009. http://www2.toyota.co.jp/jp/news/09/08/nt09_055.html. 
  13. ↑ "Scion iQ Coming By Early 2011". Motortrend.com. http://www.motortrend.com/features/auto_news/2009/112_0909_scion_iq/index.html. 
  14. ↑ "Toyota to Launch Ultra-compact 'iQ' in Japan". .toyota.co.jp. 15 October 2008. http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/08/1015.html. 
  15. ↑ "Euro NCAP results for Toyota iQ 1.0, LHD". euroncap.com. 2009. http://www.euroncap.com/files/347_datasheet.pdf. 
  16. ↑ Lyon, Peter (27 August 2008). "First Drive: 2009 Toyota iQ – Outsmarting the Smart". Edmunds Inside Line. http://www.insideline.com/toyota/iq/2009/first-drive-2009-toyota-iq.html. 
  17. ↑ "Toyota develops rear window air bag". CTV.ca. https://www.ctvnews.ca/toyota-develops-rear-window-air-bag-1.329648. 
  18. ↑ "Toyota iQ is a pass master" (Press release). UK: Toyota. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  19. ↑ YAMAGUCHI, MARI (2023-12-26). "Toyota small car maker Daihatsu shuts down Japan factories during probe of bogus safety tests" (in en). https://apnews.com/article/japan-daihatsu-toyota-safety-scandal-shutdown-1e5808bd4fe335f585a9049a2cb64e0a. 
  20. ↑ "Results of the Investigation by the Independent Third-Party Committee and Future Actions" (in en). 2023-12-20. https://www.daihatsu.com/news/2023/20231220-4.html. 
  21. ↑ Cain, Timothy. "2012 release for the Scion iQ in Canada". Auto sales data and news. http://www.goodcarbadcar.net/2011/07/2012-scion-iq-price-canada-16760.html. 
  22. ↑ "Scion – Scion iQ – On-Sale Dates". scion.com. http://www.scion.com/#/iQ-on-sale-dates. 
  23. ↑ "Toyota Electric Vehicle (EV) prototype. iQ platform, all-electric". Europe: Toyota. http://www.toyota-europe.com/innovation/design/concept_cars/ev/index.aspx. 
  24. ↑ "2011 Geneva Motor Show: Scion iQ electric car to debut". Consumer Reports. 17 February 2011. http://news.consumerreports.org/cars/2011/02/preview-scion-iq-electric-car-to-debut-in-geneva.html. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Sebastian Blanco (24 September 2012). "Toyota kills plans for widespread iQ EV sales after misreading demand and battery tech". Autoblog. http://www.autoblog.com/2012/09/24/toyota-kills-plans-for-widespread-iq-ev-sales-after-misreading-d/. 
  26. ↑ "Toyota Confirms Highlights of Annual National Dealer Meeting" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 29 June 2011. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  27. ↑ "Toyota officially confirms 2012 launch of electric Scion iQ". Autoblog. 1 July 2011. http://www.autoblog.com/2011/07/01/toyota-officially-confirms-2012-launch-of-electric-scion-iq/?a_dgi. 
  28. ↑ "Toyota to sell RAV4 EV to public and fleets in 2012". Green Car Congress. 19 July 2011. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2011/07/rav4ev-20110719.html. 
  29. ↑ "Toyota iQ EV – Most of 2012′s 600 Vehicles Destined for Japan". Integrity Exports. 8 September 2011. http://integrityexports.com/2011/09/08/toyota-iq-ev-600-cars-for-2012/. 
  30. ↑ Sebastian Blanco (12 September 2013). "City CarShare fires up Dash carsharing network with 30 Scion iQ EVs". Autoblog Green. http://green.autoblog.com/2013/09/12/toyota-fires-up-dash-carsharing-network-with-scion-iq-evs/. 
  31. ↑ "2013 Scion iQ EV". fueleconomy.gov. 30 November 2012. http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=33307. 
  32. ↑ "Most Efficient EPA-Certified Vehicles- Current Model Year". fueleconomy.gov. 2012. http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/extremeMPG.jsp. 
  33. ↑ "List of electric vehicles by EPA Fuel Economy". fueleconomy.gov. http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/PowerSearch.do?action=PowerSearch&year1=1984&year2=2015&rdomsrp01=85000_0&minmsrpsel=0&maxmsrpsel=0&cbvtelectric=Electric&city=0&combined=0&highway=0&mpgType=0&minMPGSel=&maxMPGSel=&YearSel=1984-2015&MakeSel=&MarClassSel=&FuelTypeSel=&VehTypeSel=Electric&TranySel=&DriveTypeSel=&CylindersSel=&MpgSel=000&sortBy=Comb&Units=&url=SearchServlet&opt=new&minmsrp=0&maxmsrp=0&minmpg=0&maxmpg=0&rowLimit=10. 
  34. ↑ Brad Berman (7 December 2012). "2013 DOE-EPA Fuel Economy Guide Includes 14 Plug-in Models". PluginCars.com. http://www.plugincars.com/2013-doe-epa-fuel-economy-guide-includes-14-plug-models-125621.html. 
  35. ↑ "EU 2012 emission rules". European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/transport/co2/co2_home.htm. 
  36. ↑ "Aston's iQ to cost £31k – BBC Top Gear". Top Gear. 20 January 2011. http://www.topgear.com/uk/car-news/aston-martin-cygnet-toyota-iq-2011-01-20. 
  37. ↑ Bevan, Pete. "Pete Bevan". https://uk.linkedin.com/in/pete-bevan-1a1a3869. 
  38. ↑ "Aston Martin Cygnet Launch Editions; White and Black". Aston Martin. http://www.astonmartin.com/eng/thecompany/news?a=87baae1a-a4cd-4483-bdc4-86f103dd2931. 
  39. ↑ "Aston shares to fund new cars". Autocar. http://www.autocar.co.uk/News/NewsArticle/AllCars/247522/. 
  40. ↑ "Aston Martin Cygnet supermini launch editions". evo. 20 January 2011. http://www.evo.co.uk/news/evonews/262507/aston_martin_cygnet_launch_editions.html. 
  41. ↑ "Aston Martin Cygnet Confirmed for Production | Aston Martin at AutoTalk". Autotalk.com. 11 October 2010. http://www.autotalk.com/aston-martin-cygnet-confirmed-for-production-6743/. 
  42. ↑ "Specifications". astonmartin.com/cars. http://www.astonmartin.com/cars/cygnet/specs. 
  43. ↑ "Aston Martin Cygnet details". 4 Wheels News. http://www.4wheelsnews.com/aston-martin-cygnet-full-details-and-specs/. 
  44. ↑ "Aston Martin Ends Production Cygnet City Car". The Supercar Kids. 27 September 2013. http://thesupercarkids.com/aston-martin-ends-production-cygnet-city-car. 
  45. ↑ "The Aston Martin Cygnet". Good Car Bad Car. https://www.goodcarbadcar.net/aston-martin-cygnet-sales-figures/. 
  46. ↑ "Aston Martin to end production of Cygnet small car". BBC News: Business. 9 October 2013. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-24455948. 
  47. ↑ Satara, Safet (12 July 2018). "The Insane Aston Martin Cygnet V8 Is A 123 Inch Car With A V8". Top Speed (UK). https://www.topspeed.com/cars/aston-martin/the-insane-aston-martin-cygnet-v8-is-a-123-inch-car-with-a-v8-ar181806.html. 
  48. ↑ Workman, Adam (13 July 2018). "Aston Martin's one-off tiny terror the V8 Cygnet". The National (United Arab Emirates). https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/motoring/aston-martin-s-one-off-tiny-terror-the-v8-cygnet-in-pictures-1.749802. 
  49. ↑ "Aston Martin Cygnet Specs". Ultimate Specs. https://www.ultimatespecs.com/car-specs/Aston-Martin/24765/Aston-Martin-Cygnet-.html. 
  50. ↑ "Did You Think The Toyota EQ Was Dead? Meet The Singulato iC3 Electric City Car". https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastianblanco/2019/04/17/did-you-think-the-toyota-eq-was-dead-meet-the-singulato-ic3-electric-city-car/#8f53215445f5. 
  51. ↑ "Toyota iQ city car reborn as China-only Singulato iC3 EV". https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/motor-shows-shanghai-auto-show/toyota-iq-city-car-reborn-china-only-singulato-ic3-ev. 
  52. ↑ Abuelsamid, Sam (10 January 2009). "Detroit 2009: Toyota's iQ based FT-EV concept to hit production in 2012". Autobloggreen.com. http://www.autobloggreen.com/2009/01/10/detroit-2009-toyotas-iq-based-ft-ev-concept-to-hit-production/. 
  53. ↑ Hardigree, Matt (10 January 2009). "Toyota FT-EV Concept: An Electric Car For The Tiny Masses – Toyota FT-EV". Jalopnik. http://jalopnik.com/5128469/toyota-ft+ev-concept-an-electric-car-for-the-tiny-masses. 
  54. ↑ "TMC to Display 3 Concepts, F1 Car at Tokyo Motor Show". 6 October 2009. http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/09/10/1006.html. 
  55. ↑ Williams, Martyn (21 October 2009). "Goodbye steering wheel, here comes drive-by-joystick". Network World. http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/102109-goodbye-steering-wheel-here-comes.html. 
  56. ↑ "iQ Customize Car page". Toyota.jp. http://toyota.jp/customize/iq/index.html. 
  57. ↑ "Toyota iQ gets Tuned by Gazoo Racing, Production Limited to 100 Units". Carscoop.blogspot.com. 28 August 2009. http://carscoop.blogspot.com/2009/08/toyota-iq-gets-tuned-by-gazoo-racing.html. 
  58. ↑ "GAZOO Racing site". Gazoo.com. 22 November 2009. http://gazoo.com/racing/grmn/iq/index.asp. 
  59. ↑ "TMC to Tweak iQ for Individuality —Aston Martin Version Planned for Europe—". .toyota.co.jp. 29 June 2009. http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/09/06/0629_2.html. 
  60. ↑ Sam Abuelsamid (8 April 2009). "New York 2009: The Scion iQ goes Big Wheels!". autoblog. http://www.autoblog.com/2009/04/08/new-york-2009-the-scion-iq-goes-big-wheels/. 
  61. ↑ "Toyota GRMN iQ Racing Concept headlines TMC's Tokyo Auto Salon roster". 16 January 2011. http://www.autoblog.com/2011/01/16/toyota-grmn-iq-racing-concept-headlines-tmcs-tokyo-auto-salon-r/. 
  62. ↑ "Toyota greenlights iQ Supercharger Concept for production [w/video"]. 13 January 2012. http://www.autoblog.com/2012/01/13/toyota-greenlights-iq-supercharger-concept-for-production-w-vid/. 
  63. ↑ "Toyota IQ European sales figures" (in en-US). 2014-01-31. https://carsalesbase.com/europe-toyota-iq/. 
  64. ↑ "Aston Martin Cygnet European sales figures" (in en-US). 2015-07-09. https://carsalesbase.com/europe-aston-martin-cygnet/. 
  65. ↑ "Scion Brand to Transition to Toyota" (Press release). Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. 3 February 2016. Archived from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  66. ↑ "Scion iQ US car sales figures" (in en-US). 2015-11-12. https://carsalesbase.com/us-scion-iq/. 

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