Engineering:Toyota C engine

From HandWiki
Revision as of 21:07, 4 February 2024 by Corlink (talk | contribs) (change)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)

The Toyota C engine family was a series of inline-4 diesel engines. There were two earlier generations of an engine Toyota named as the "Type C". The first generation was introduced in 1940 as a modification of the Type A engine. This first "Type C" was installed in the Toyota AE. The second generation was the first diesel engine at 1500cc used in the CS20 series 1959 Toyota Crown in October 1959. Japanese market vehicles with diesel engines were exclusive to Toyota Japan dealerships called Toyota Diesel Shop locations from 1979 until the dealership was cancelled in 1988.

C

The original C engine was first introduced on October 11, 1958 in a prototype Crown Diesel (CS20) at the 5th Tokyo Motor Show with sales commencing in October 19 the following year.[1] Derived from the R-series petrol engine, it has a displacement of 1,491 cc and produces 40 PS (29 kW).[2] It was underpowered, and due to the use of the insufficiently strong R-series block it was also not very durable. When the new 3R engine required a re-designed block, Toyota chose to cancel the C engine rather than re-engineer it.[3] Production ended in March 1961,[1] and Toyota chose to focus on the more powerful diesel J engine which appeared in 1964.

Technical specifications:[1]

  • Type:4-stroke Inline 4 cylinder, Swirl Chamber Indirect Injection Diesel
  • Capacity: 1,491 cc
  • Bore: 78 mm
  • Stroke: 78 mm
  • Compression Ratio: 19:1
  • Power: 40 PS (29 kW; 39 hp) at 4000 rpm
  • Torque: 8.5 kg⋅m (83 N⋅m; 61 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm

Features at a glance

Code Capacity (cc) Bore (mm) Stroke (mm) Injection Turbo
1C 1839 83.0 85.0
1C-L 1839 83.0 85.0
1C-LC 1839 83.0 85.0
1C-TL 1839 83.0 85.0 turbo
1C-TLC 1839 83.0 85.0 turbo
2C 1974 86.0 85.0
2C-L 1974 86.0 85.0
2C-E 1974 86.0 85.0 EFI
2C-T 1974 86.0 85.0 turbo
2C-TL 1974 86.0 85.0 turbo
2C-TLC 1974 86.0 85.0 turbo
2C-TE 1974 86.0 85.0 EFI turbo
3C 2184 86 94
3C-E 2184 86 94 EFI
3C-T 2184 86 94 turbo
3C-TE 2184 86 94 EFI turbo

1C

1C
Overview
ManufacturerToyota
Layout
Displacement1.8 L (1839 cc)
Cylinder bore83.0 mm
Piston stroke85.0 mm
ValvetrainSOHC
Compression ratio22.5:1 - 23.0:1
Combustion
Fuel typediesel

1C, 1C-L, 1C-LC

The First Generation 1C was first introduced in the seventh generation Corona on January 26, 1982[4] and May 12, 1983 for transversely mounted applications as the 1C-L in the front-wheel drive models of the fifth Generation Corolla.[5] It used a direct drive OHC mechanism that would later be adopted by the L series engine.

Technical specifications(1C/1C-L):

  • Type:Inline 4, Precombustion Chamber Indirect Injection Diesel
  • Fuel injection system:Distributor Type
  • Capacity: 1,839 cc
  • Bore: 83 mm
  • Stroke: 85 mm
  • Compression Ratio: 22.5:1

Applications:

63 PS (46 kW; 62 hp) at 4500 rpm, 11.3 kg⋅m (111 N⋅m; 82 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

-

65 PS (48 kW; 64 hp) at 4500 rpm, 11.5 kg⋅m (113 N⋅m; 83 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

1C-II

The second generation 1C engine updated with a higher compression ratio of 23:1

Applications:

64 PS (47 kW; 63 hp) at 4700 rpm, 12 kg⋅m (118 N⋅m; 87 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

1C-III

Uprated version of the 1C-II

Applications:

67 PS (49 kW; 66 hp) at 4700 rpm, 12.5 kg⋅m (123 N⋅m; 90 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

1C-TL, 1C-TLC

Introduced on August 18, 1983 in the V10-series Camry/Vista it is the turbocharged version of the first generation 1C.[20] This model was only installed in the V10-series Camry/Vista . The European model premiered at the 1983 Frankfurt Motor Show and produces 73 PS (54 kW) at 4500 rpm and 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm.[21]

Applications:

74 PS (54 kW; 73 hp) at 4500 rpm, 14.3 kg⋅m (140 N⋅m; 103 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (US, Net SAE)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 14.8 kg⋅m (145 N⋅m; 107 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Europe)

80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp) at 4700 rpm, 15.5 kg⋅m (152 N⋅m; 112 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C

2C
Overview
ManufacturerToyota
Production1983-2004
Layout
ConfigurationInline-4
Displacement2.0 L (1974 cc)
Cylinder bore86.0 mm (3.39 in)
Piston stroke85.0 mm (3.35 in)
Block materialCast Iron
Head materialAluminum
ValvetrainSOHC 2 valves per cylinder
Compression ratio22.5:1 - 23.0:1
Combustion
TurbochargerToyota CT12 or CT9 turbo
Fuel systemMechanical fuel injection
Electronic fuel injection
Fuel typeDiesel
Oil systemWet sump
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Output
Power output68–91 PS (67–90 hp; 50–67 kW)
Torque output126–190 N⋅m (13–19 kg⋅m; 93–140 lb⋅ft)
Dimensions
Dry weight400 lbs

The 2C was a long running diesel engine, with some models (e.g. Corona, Townace, Liteace) receiving the turbo version 2C-T which provided 65 kW. It was replaced by the more economical 3C-TE in the above models from 1999.

2C, 2C-L

Output:

  • 2C, 2C-L: 73 hp (54 kW) at 4700 rpm, and torque 97 lb·ft (132 N·m) at 3000 rpm

Applications:

  • CT141 Corona taxi 1986-1991
  • CXC10 Deliboy 1991-1994
  • CM26 LiteAce 1985-1986 (Japan)

68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp) at 4500 rpm, 12 kg⋅m (118 N⋅m; 87 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Europe, DIN)

72 PS (53 kW; 71 hp) at 4500 rpm, 12.8 kg⋅m (126 N⋅m; 93 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C-II

The second generation 2C engine updated with a higher compression ratio of 23:1

Applications:

70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) at 4600 rpm, 13.1 kg⋅m (128 N⋅m; 95 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Europe, EEC)

70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13 kg⋅m (127 N⋅m; 94 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C-III

Uprated version of the 2C-II

Applications:

72 PS (53 kW; 71 hp) at 4600 rpm, 13.4 kg⋅m (131 N⋅m; 97 lb⋅ft) at 2800 rpm (Pakistan, Net SAE)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 2800rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.2 kg⋅m (129 N⋅m; 95 lb⋅ft) at 2800rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 3000rpm (Japan, Net JIS)/(Europe)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.2 kg⋅m (129 N⋅m; 95 lb⋅ft) at 2500rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) at 4600 rpm, 13.4 kg⋅m (131 N⋅m; 97 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm (Europe, EEC)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 2800rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) at 4600 rpm, 12.7 kg⋅m (125 N⋅m; 92 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Philippines, Net SAE)

2C-E

EFI version of the 2C-III

Applications:

72 PS (53 kW; 71 hp) at 4600 rpm, 16.3 kg⋅m (160 N⋅m; 118 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Europe)

2C-T, 2C-TL, 2C-TLC

Turbocharged version of the 2C engine with a compression ratio of 22.5:1[52]

Applications:

80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp) at 4500 rpm, 16.2 kg⋅m (159 N⋅m; 117 lb⋅ft) at 3000rpm (US, Net SAE)

2C-(II)T

Turbocharged variant of the higher compression 2C-II engine adopting the Ceramic reinforced pistons from the 2LTE series.[52]

Note: Toyota

Applications:

82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) at 4500 rpm, 16.3 kg⋅m (160 N⋅m; 118 lb⋅ft) at 2400rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

84 PS (62 kW; 83 hp) at 4500 rpm, 16.7 kg⋅m (164 N⋅m; 121 lb⋅ft) at 2400rpm (Europe)

82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) at 4500 rpm, 16.3 kg⋅m (160 N⋅m; 118 lb⋅ft) at 2400rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) at 4500 rpm, 16.3 kg⋅m (160 N⋅m; 118 lb⋅ft) at 2400rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

88 PS (65 kW; 87 hp) at 4000 rpm, 17 kg⋅m (167 N⋅m; 123 lb⋅ft) at 2400rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C-(III)T

Revised variant of the 2C-(II)T fitted with Diesel Smoke Control System to meet stricter Japanese and Euro 2 emission standards.[56]

Applications:

  • CT220 Avensis 1997-2000 (ex. Europe)

Non Intercooled

82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) at 4000 rpm, 17.7 kg⋅m (174 N⋅m; 128 lb⋅ft) at 2000rpm (Europe)

88 PS (65 kW; 87 hp) at 4000 rpm, 18 kg⋅m (177 N⋅m; 130 lb⋅ft) at 2200rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

Intercooled

91 PS (67 kW; 90 hp) at 4400 rpm, 19.4 kg⋅m (190 N⋅m; 140 lb⋅ft) at 2600rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

2C-TE

EFI variant of the 2C-(III)T adopting electronic throttle control.[61]

Applications:

90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) at 4000 rpm, 20.7 kg⋅m (203 N⋅m; 150 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm (Europe)

  • CT220 Avensis 1997-2000 (Europe only)[61]

3C

3C
Overview
ManufacturerToyota
Layout
Displacement2.2 L (2184 cc)
Cylinder bore86.0 mm
Piston stroke94.0 mm
ValvetrainSOHC
Compression ratio22.0:1 - 23.0:1
Combustion
Fuel typediesel

Although having a larger displacement than the 2C-T, the 3C-TE was more economical and powerful at 100 PS. The C series engines were replaced by the CD series in the European market, while Toyota stopped selling diesel non-commercial models in Japan after the 3C-TE.

3C-E

EFI version with compression ratio of 23.0:1

79.0 PS (58.0 kW; 78.0 HP) at 4,400 rpm

Applications:

79 PS (58 kW; 78 hp) at 4400 rpm, 15 kg⋅m (147 N⋅m; 108 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

3C-T

Turbocharged version with compression ratio of 22.6:1(Non Intercooled) or 20.0:1(Intercooled).

From 88.0 PS (65.0 kW; 87.0 HP) at 4,000 rpm to 91.0 PS (67.0 kW; 90.0 HP) at 4,000 rpm

Applications:

Non Intercooled

91 PS (67 kW; 90 hp) at 4000 rpm, 19.6 kg⋅m (192 N⋅m; 142 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

91 PS (67 kW; 90 hp) at 4000 rpm, 19.8 kg⋅m (194 N⋅m; 143 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

Intercooled

100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) at 4200 rpm, 22 kg⋅m (216 N⋅m; 159 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

  • CXR10/11/20/21 Estima Lucida/Estima Emina 1993-1999 (Japan only)[76][77]

3C-TE

Turbocharged version with EFI and compression ratio of 22.6:1.

From 94.0 PS (69.0 kW; 92.0 HP) at 4,400 rpm to 100.0 PS (74.0 kW; 99.0 HP) at 4,200 rpm

Applications:

Non Intercooled

90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) at 4000 rpm, 20.9 kg⋅m (205 N⋅m; 151 lb⋅ft) at 2000-2400 rpm (Europe)

94 PS (69 kW; 93 hp) at 4000 rpm, 21.0 kg⋅m (206 N⋅m; 152 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

-

94 PS (69 kW; 93 hp) at 4000 rpm, 21.5 kg⋅m (211 N⋅m; 156 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

-

94 PS (69 kW; 93 hp) at 4000 rpm, 21.0 kg⋅m (206 N⋅m; 152 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

Intercooled

105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) at 4200 rpm, 23 kg⋅m (226 N⋅m; 166 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

  • CXR10/11/20/21 Estima Lucida 1993-1999 (Japan only)[86]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "75 Years of Toyota | Part 1 Chapter 2 Section 8 | Item 2. Development of the C diesel engine". https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section8/item2_d.html. 
  2. ↑ ＧＰ企画センター [GP Planning Center], ed (2006). 日本自動車史年表. Tokyo, Japan: GP Publications. ISBN 978-4-87687-286-2. 
  3. ↑ "Section 8. Debut of the Toyopet Crown, a Full-Fledged Passenger Car: Item 2. Development of Large Trucks, Four-wheel-drive Vehicles, and Diesel Engines (d)". 75-Year History. https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section8/item2_d.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Toyota Corona Undergoes Full Model Change". Toyota Motor Corporation. https://global.toyota/en/detail/7675511. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Toyota Announces Model Changes in Corolla and Sprinter". Toyota Motor Corporation. https://global.toyota/en/detail/7739043. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "60014528B Townace Truck 2nd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60014528B/pageview.html#page_num=23. 
  7. ↑ "75 Years of Toyota". https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60015748/index.html. 
  8. ↑ "Toyota Liteace Vol. 1". https://hide-g.blog.ss-blog.jp/2011-07-25. 
  9. ↑ "Toyota Markets Carina With 1C-Type Diesel Enbgine". Toyota Motor Corporation. https://global.toyota/en/detail/7677576. 
  10. ↑ "Toyota Introduces Diesel Powered Corolla and Sprinter". Toyota Motor Corporation. https://global.toyota/en/detail/7680862. 
  11. ↑ "60003780 Corolla 6th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60003780/pageview.html#page_num=31. 
  12. ↑ "Toyota Announces New Corolla and Sprinter Series". Toyota Motor Corporation. https://global.toyota/en/detail/7793465. 
  13. ↑ "60003801B Corolla wagon 2nd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60003801B/pageview.html#page_num=15. 
  14. ↑ "60009134 Sprinter 6th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60009134/pageview.html#page_num=31. 
  15. ↑ "60009177 Sprinter Van 1st". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60009177/pageview.html#page_num=13. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "思い出のクルマをカタログで振り返る３４（３代目ライトエースバン）" (in ja). https://minkara.carview.co.jp/userid/1984303/blog/42392892/. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Toyota Announces All New Liteace and Town Ace Tucks". Toyota Motor Corporation. https://global.toyota/en/detail/7788990?_ga=2.217546518.1012327354.1603181789-747144195.1602864499. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "60001491 Townace Truck 3rd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60001491/pageview.html#page_num=13. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Toyota Corolla 1990 AE92 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/361-toyota-corolla-1990-ae92.html. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Turbodiesel to Power Toyota Vista and Camry" (Press release). Toyota. 1983-08-18. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Verhelle, Tony (1983-10-13). "Frankfurt: vervolg en slot" (in nl-be). De AutoGids (Brussels, Belgium: Uitgeverij Auto-Magazine) 5 (106): 35–36. 
  22. ↑ "Toyota Camry Brochure 1985 NL - Page 15 of 16 - Veikl". https://www.veikl.com/d/Toyota-Camry-Brochure-1985-NL-36108/15. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "ImportArchive / Toyota Camry 1983‑1986 Specifications Pages". http://importarchive.com/toyota/camry/1983-1986/specs. 
  24. ↑ "60002570 Carina 4th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60002570/pageview.html. 
  25. ↑ "Toyota Carina II Brochure 1986 NL - Page 4 of 4 - Veikl". https://www.veikl.com/d/Toyota-Carina-II-Brochure-1986-NL-36240/4. 
  26. ↑ "Toyota Carina II Brochure 1986 NL - Page 9 of 16 - Veikl". https://www.veikl.com/d/Toyota-Carina-II-Brochure-1986-NL-36204/9. 
  27. ↑ "60015984A Light Ace 3rd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60015984A/pageview.html#page_num=27. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "60001321 Townace 2nd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60001321/pageview.html#page_num=27. 
  29. ↑ "60015861 Light Ace Truck 3rd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60015861/pageview.html. 
  30. ↑ "Indus Motor Company LTD - Corolla - Specification". 2008-02-05. http://www.toyota-indus.com/corolla/specification.asp. 
  31. ↑ "Indus Motor Company Limited | Specifications". 2008-08-31. http://toyota-indus.com:80/newcorolla/spec.aspx. 
  32. ↑ "60003908 Corolla 7th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60003908/pageview.html#page_num=17. 
  33. ↑ "60009223 Sprinter 7th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60009223/pageview.html#page_num=37. 
  34. ↑ "60009249B Sprinter Wagon 2nd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60009249B/pageview.html#page_num=19. 
  35. ↑ "60009249A Sprinter Van 2nd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60009249A/pageview.html#page_num=9. 
  36. ↑ "Full-Time 4WD Models Join Corolla and Sprinter Lines". Toyota Motor Corporation. https://global.toyota/en/detail/7833026. 
  37. ↑ "60004075 Corolla 8th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60004075/pageview.html#page_num=35. 
  38. ↑ "60009339 Sprinter 8th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60009339/pageview.html#page_num=35. 
  39. ↑ "Toyota Carina II Brochure 1990 NL - Page 21 of 30 - Veikl". https://www.veikl.com/d/Toyota-Carina-II-Brochure-1990-NL-36206/21. 
  40. ↑ "Full Model Change for Carina". Toyota Motor Corporation. https://global.toyota/en/detail/7836724. 
  41. ↑ "60008397 Corona 9th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60008397/pageview.html#page_num=21. 
  42. ↑ "Toyota Townace 1998 SR40, CR40 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/806-toyota-townace-1998-sr40-cr40.html. 
  43. ↑ "60002691 Carina 6th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60002691/pageview.html#page_num=43. 
  44. ↑ "60008512A Corona 10th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60008512A/pageview.html#page_num=29. 
  45. ↑ "60003001 Caldina 1st". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60003001/pageview.html#page_num=23. 
  46. ↑ "Toyota: Tamarawfx". 2002-08-10. http://www.toyota.com.ph/model/tamfx/specs.html. 
  47. ↑ "Toyota Motor Philippines: Toyota Tamaraw FX". 1998-07-01. http://www.toyota.com.ph:80/autos/tamfx/variation/gl.html. 
  48. ↑ "Toyota Motor Philippines: Toyota Tamaraw FX". 1998-07-01. http://www.toyota.com.ph:80/autos/tamfx/variation/deluxe.html. 
  49. ↑ "Toyota Motor Philippines: Toyota Tamaraw FX". 1998-07-01. http://www.toyota.com.ph:80/autos/tamfx/variation/hspu.html. 
  50. ↑ "Press Release:The Most Desirable Corolla Ever". Toyota Press Office UK. 1997. https://media.lexus.co.uk/wp-content/files_mf/1432202392Corollagen8UKlaunchpack1997.pdf. 
  51. ↑ "Corolla Generations: 1997 - 2001" (in en-US). 2018-10-24. https://blog.toyota.co.uk/toyota-corolla-generations-1997-2001. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 "Toyota Camry" (PDF) (Press release). UK: Toyota. January 17, 1987. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-24.
  53. ↑ "60015984A Light Ace 3rd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60015984A/pageview.html. 
  54. ↑ "60002069 Camry 3rd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60002069/pageview.html#page_num=27. 
  55. ↑ "60012094A Vista 2nd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60012094A/pageview.html#page_num=31. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 "Press Release: A New Face For A British Favorite". Toyota Press Office UK. March 1996. https://media.toyota.co.uk/wp-content/files_mf/1430925022CarineErevisedUKlaunchpack1996.pdf. 
  57. ↑ "60008553 Corona Premio 11th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60008553/pageview.html#page_num=39. 
  58. ↑ "60002728 Carina 7th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60002728/pageview.html#page_num=37. 
  59. ↑ "60002106 Camry 4th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60002106/pageview.html#page_num=29. 
  60. ↑ "60012122A Vista 3rd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60012122A/pageview.html#page_num=37. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 "Toyota Avensis" (Press release). UK: Toyota. October 1997. Archived from the original on 2020-10-21.
  62. ↑ "トヨタ、カルディナ バンを一部改良 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 公式企業サイト". https://global.toyota/jp/detail/12361032?_ga=2.146199092.1012327354.1603181789-747144195.1602864499. 
  63. ↑ "75 Years of Toyota". https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60003009/index.html. 
  64. ↑ "Toyota Sprinter 1998 Wagon EE104, CE102 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/760-toyota-sprinter-1998-wagon-ee104-ce102.html. 
  65. ↑ "Toyota Corolla 1998 AE100, AE101 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/183-toyota-corolla-1998-ae100-ae101.html. 
  66. ↑ "Toyota Corolla 1998 EE111, AE110 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/184-toyota-corolla-1998-ee111-ae110.html. 
  67. ↑ "Toyota Sprinter 1998 EE111, AE110 01 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/759-toyota-sprinter-1998-ee111-ae110-01.html. 
  68. ↑ "60004185A Corolla 9th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60004185A/pageview.html#page_num=27. 
  69. ↑ "60004239 Corolla Fielder 1st". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60004239/pageview.html. 
  70. ↑ "60001574 Townace Truck 4th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60001574/pageview.html#page_num=17. 
  71. ↑ "75 Years of Toyota". https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60001574/index.html. 
  72. ↑ "60012128A Vista 4th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60012128A/pageview.html#page_num=41. 
  73. ↑ "60002144 Camry 5th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60002144/pageview.html#page_num=29. 
  74. ↑ "60019879A Light Ace 4th". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60019879A/pageview.html#page_num=13. 
  75. ↑ "60001375A Townace 3rd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60001375A/pageview.html#page_num=29. 
  76. ↑ "60000479 Estima Lucida 1st". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60000479/pageview.html#page_num=11. 
  77. ↑ "60000467 Estima Emina 1st". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60000467/pageview.html#page_num=27. 
  78. ↑ "60002006 Gaia 1st". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60002006/pageview.html#page_num=21. 
  79. ↑ "Toyota Ipsum 2000 SXM10, CXM10 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/449-toyota-ipsum-2000-sxm10-cxm10.html. 
  80. ↑ "Toyota Picnic Brochure 1998 NL - Page 18 of 24 - Veikl". https://www.veikl.com/d/Toyota-Picnic-Brochure-1998-NL-37087/18. 
  81. ↑ "Toyota Townace 1998 SR40, CR40 01 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/807-toyota-townace-1998-sr40-cr40-01.html. 
  82. ↑ "Toyota Liteace noah 1998 SR40, CR40 01 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/530-toyota-liteace-noah-1998-sr40-cr40-01.html. 
  83. ↑ "Toyota Carina 1998 AT212, AT210 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/141-toyota-carina-1998-at212-at210.html. 
  84. ↑ "Toyota Corona premio 1998 AT210, AT211 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/247-toyota-corona-premio-1998-at210-at211.html. 
  85. ↑ "60003059 Caldina 2nd". http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/catalog/60003059/pageview.html#page_num=31. 
  86. ↑ "Toyota Estima 1998 Lucida CXR10, TCR10 - JapanClassic". http://www.en.japanclassic.ru/booklets/346-toyota-estima-1998-lucida-cxr10-tcr10.html. 



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Engineering:Toyota_C_engine&oldid=3261291"