Engineering:Danish bicycle VIN-system

VIN from Ebsen Danmark A/S placed on the seat tube
(see also rotated version for readability)

The Danish bicycle VIN-system is a system introduced in 1942 by the Danish government, providing all bicycles in Denmark with a unique code. The VIN code is a combination of letters and digits embedded into the bicycle frame and consists of a manufacturer code, a serial number, and construction year code.

Since 1948, it has been illegal to sell bicycle frames in Denmark without an embedded VIN. Because of this, insurance companies in Denmark will not pay indemnities for stolen bicycles without a VIN.

Location of the VIN

By default, the VIN is to be engraved into the seat tube or the down tube, but if these are made of such a material that hinders this, it may alternately be put on the bottom bracket shell. In very special instances, and only with the approval of the Danish National Police Commissioner’s Office, it may be applied by other means and on other locations.

Components of the VIN

The bicycle VIN is constructed of three elements: a letter-block, a digit-block and a letter-block:

Block	1	2	3
Description	Manufacturers code	Frame serial number	Production year
Length	1–4 (letters)	1–∞ (digits)	1 (letter)
Example 1	WDA	1234	Z
Example 2	S	57	A

The manufacturers-code, is a 1, 2, 3 or 4-letter block. If the code starts with a W, it is an imported bicycle frame. The second block is the frame serial number from that manufacturer. This shall have at least one digit, but can otherwise have any number of digits. The third block is a single letter code that identifies the production year. Certain limits regarding letters are instated for the VIN:

• I is omitted as it can be confused with 1 (one)
• O is omitted as it can be confused with 0 (zero)
• Y is omitted as it can be confused with V
• W is omitted, to avoid confusion with the manufacturer code (where W is reserved for imported frames)

In the examples above, the first bicycle is a bicycle imported by FDB, with serial number 1234 and made in either 1963, 1984 or 2005. The second bike is an SCO bicycle, with serial number 57, made in 1942, 1964, 1985 or 2006.

Common manufacturer codes

This table shows examples of manufacturer codes, but is in no way to be considered a complete listing.

Code	Manufacturer name	Code	Manufacturer name	Code	Manufacturer name
A–G		H–P		R–Å
AK	Centurion (previously Åge Krøll)	HN	Hede Nielsens Fabrikker A/S	RD	Scandinavia Racing Discount
AR	Raleigh (previously Vilhelm Nellemann A/S)	IA1	Ivan A Hansen	REC	Recykel ApS
AV	Winther cykler (alias Anders Winther A/S)	IC2	Ebsen Danmark A/S	SI1	Søgreni cykler
AZ	Jørgensø Import	JE	Jupiter	S	SCO (alias Smith & Co)
BA	Banani (previously Bent A Nielsen)	JKH	Jyde-Kompagniet A/S	SS	SCO (alias Smith & Co)
BL	SCO bicycles sold in the Bilka supermarket chain (see also S)	JWG3	Cykelbanditten	STE	Stangerup Efterfølgere
BK	Kildemoes (alias Børge Kildemoes)	KM	Motobecane	SX	Saxil cykler (also see BN)
BN	Saxil Bicycles (SX until approx. 2000)	LL	Sorte Jernhest	TU	Trek
BT	Taarnby a/s	MB	MBK	TV	Batavus
CC	Christiania Bicycles (also Pedersen-cyklen)	MR	Ritter Import	UR	Urania cykler
CGE	Cykelgear.dk	N	Nordisk Cykelfabrik A/S	VI	VIVA bikes
CK	Jensen cykler (alias C K Jensen)	NH	Nihola Cykler ApS	VEL	Velorbis
CM	Mosquito	PA	Pedal-atleten	VG	Grebart cykler
CPH	CPHBiKE ApS	PD	Steyr-Puch A/S
CS	Christiania Bicycles	PF	Peter From
DA	FDB	POL	VIN provided by the police - usually for private import
DB	Rocky	PL	CREATE
DI1	Dibbern Cykler	PR	Pro Movec
EE	Egedesø (alias Everton)	PS	Schrøder cykler
FAK	Falcon	PY	Python Pro
GD	Titania Cykler
GR	L. H. V. Grønning, Skibhusvej 146, Odense
GW3	G&W Cykler

¹: Even though I in general is not used, it appears that some brands are using it.
²: Even though I in general is not used, Ebsen Danmark A/S bicycles are in fact using it in their manufacturercode (verified).
³: Even though W in general is not used, it appears that some brands are using it.

Raleigh Variant

An example of a different manufacturers code system has been found on a 1954 Raleigh. In this example, the WAR prefix (W:Import,AR:Raleigh) is instead represented by WN with a smaller font BY. The WN section is a previously reported variant, presumed to be earlier than the AR listed above, but the extra BY stamped in a much smaller and different font is not. This BY stamp matches the frame number prefix stamped by Raleigh on the frame at the time of manufacture. That system (for export frames) was a rolling alphabetical progression which began at AA1 and ticked over to AB1 as the number reached AA99999. At AZ99999 it went to BA1 and so on. This progression reached BY in 1954. So, it is now quite clear that the BY variant in the Danish VIN serial was simply the prefix of the Raleigh stamped frame number, which at some point was abandoned in favour of the standard Raleigh code AR.

Production year identification codes

Please note that since this table was compiled, a Q has been found on a Raleigh frame made in March 1978. This obviously calls into question the entries for letters R to Z but also confirms the years for A to P are accurate.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	J	K	L	M	N	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	X	Z
1942	1943	1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949	1950	1951	1952	1953	1954	1955	1956	1957	1958	1959	1960	1961	1962	1963
1964	1965	1966	1967	1968	1969	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	1976	1977	-	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984
1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998		1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026

See also

• Bicycle locker
• Bicycle theft
• List of bicycle registers
• Outline of cycling