Physics:Ericson fluctuations
Ericson fluctuations constitute one of the most characteristic features of quantum chaotic scattering in the regime of strongly overlapping resonances such as a compound nucleus.[1][2][3] These fluctuations were predicted in 1960 by Torleif Ericson in two seminal articles,[4][5][6][7] further developed in 1963,[8] based on the same statistical assumptions as those used by E. Wigner, C. E. Porter and R. G. Thomas to describe generic properties of resonances in long-lived compound nuclear systems.[9][10][11] In the present case the fluctuations occur in the "continuum" regime for which a large number of such resonances overlap coherently, owing to the short lifetime of the compound nucleus. At the time it was believed that this would lead to a structure-less behavior. Ericson realized that the opposite was the case with strong, random fluctuations.[12][7] The Ericson fluctuations were first observed in 1964 by P. Von Brentano et al.[13] in nuclear physics giving rise to a vigorous theoretical and experimental programme.[3] They have the curious feature of being both reproducible and random at the same time.[14] The fluctuations are universal and have later been observed in many other areas such as photoionization of hydrogen, uni-molecular dissociation (physical chemistry),[15] perturbed atomic and molecular systems and micro wave billiards.[3][16][17]
Present theoretical descriptions of chaotic quantum scattering confirm the predicted properties of the Ericson fluctuations.[9] The universality of the Ericson fluctuations are thus very well established.[3]
References
- ↑ Borisenko, Victor E.; Ossicini, Stefano (2013) (in en). What is What in the Nanoworld: A Handbook on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-3-527-64838-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=1nEDZ6iKt9UC&pg=PT146.
- ↑ ""Compound-nucleus model". Encyclopedia Britannica" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/science/compound-nucleus-model.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Mitchell, G. E.; Richter, A.; Weidenmüller, H. A. (2010). "Random matrices and chaos in nuclear physics: Nuclear reactions" (in en). Reviews of Modern Physics 82 (4): 2845–2901. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.2845. ISSN 0034-6861. Bibcode: 2010RvMP...82.2845M. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.2845.
- ↑ Ericson, Torleif (1960). "Fluctuations of Nuclear Cross Sections in the "Continuum" Region" (in en). Physical Review Letters 5 (9): 430–431. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.5.430. ISSN 0031-9007. Bibcode: 1960PhRvL...5..430E. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.5.430.
- ↑ Stroke, H. Henry (1999) (in en). The Physical Review: The first hundred years. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 249. ISBN 978-1-56396-188-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=3U2HSMHsouMC&pg=PA249.
- ↑ Ericson, Torleif (1960). "The statistical model and nuclear level densities" (in en). Advances in Physics 9 (36): 425–511. doi:10.1080/00018736000101239. ISSN 0001-8732. Bibcode: 1960AdPhy...9..425E. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00018736000101239.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "This week's citation classic". http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1981/A1981LE36300001.pdf.
- ↑ Ericson, Torleif (1963). "A theory of fluctuations in nuclear cross sections" (in en). Annals of Physics 23 (3): 390–414. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(63)90261-6. Bibcode: 1963AnPhy..23..390E. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003491663902616.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Weidenmüller, H. A.; Mitchell, G. E. (2009). "Random matrices and chaos in nuclear physics: Nuclear structure" (in en). Reviews of Modern Physics 81 (2): 539–589. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.539. ISSN 0034-6861. Bibcode: 2009RvMP...81..539W. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.539.
- ↑ Porter, C. E.; Thomas, R. G. (1956). "Fluctuations of Nuclear Reaction Widths" (in en). Physical Review 104 (2): 483–491. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.483. ISSN 0031-899X. Bibcode: 1956PhRv..104..483P. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.104.483.
- ↑ Ericson, T; Mayer-Kuckuk, T (1966). "Fluctuations in Nuclear Reactions" (in en). Annual Review of Nuclear Science 16 (1): 183–206. doi:10.1146/annurev.ns.16.120166.001151. ISSN 0066-4243. PMID 5334731. Bibcode: 1966ARNPS..16..183E.
- ↑ Blatt, John M.; Weisskopf, Victor F. (1979) (in en). Theoretical Nuclear Physics. New York, NY: Springer New York. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-9959-2. ISBN 978-1-4612-9961-5. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4612-9959-2.
- ↑ Von Brentano, P.; Ernst, J.; Häusser, O.; Mayer-Kuckuk, T.; Richter, A.; Von Witsch, W. (1964). "Statistical fluctuations in the cross sections of the reactions Cl35 (p, α)S32 and Cl37 (p, α)S34" (in en). Physics Letters 9 (1): 48–51. doi:10.1016/0031-9163(64)90210-0. ISSN 0031-9163. Bibcode: 1964PhL.....9...48V. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9163%2864%2990210-0.
- ↑ Weidenmüller, Hans A. (1990). "Ericson fluctuations versus conductance fluctuations" (in en). Nuclear Physics A 518 (1–2): 1–12. doi:10.1016/0375-9474(90)90531-P. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/037594749090531P.
- ↑ Reid, Scott; Reisler, Hanna (1996). "Unimolecular Reaction of NO2: Overlapping Resonances, Fluctuations, and the Transition State". Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (2): 474-487. doi:10.1021/jp952843w. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp952843w.
- ↑ Guhr, Thomas; Müller–Groeling, Axel; Weidenmüller, Hans A. (1998). "Random-matrix theories in quantum physics: common concepts" (in en). Physics Reports 299 (4–6): 189–425. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(97)00088-4. Bibcode: 1998PhR...299..189G. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0370157397000884.
- ↑ Stöckmann, Hans-Jürgen (2010). "Microwave billiards and quantum chaos" (in en). Scholarpedia 5 (10): 10243. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.10243. ISSN 1941-6016. Bibcode: 2010SchpJ...510243S.
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