Earth:Massif

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Short description: The principal mass of a mountain
A massif in Ukraine.

A massif ( /mæˈsiːf/ or /ˈmæsɪf/) is a principal mountain mass,[1] for example, a compact portion of a mountain range, containing one or more summits (See for example, France's Massif Central.). In mountaineering literature, a massif is frequently used to denote the main mass of an individual mountain.

As a purely scientific term in geology, however, a "massif" is separately and more specifically defined as a section of a planet's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. A massif is a smaller structural unit than a tectonic plate and is considered the fourth-largest driving force in geomorphology.[2]

The word "massif" originates from French (in which the word also means "massive"), where it is used to refer to a large mountain mass or compact group of connected mountains forming an independent portion of a range. The Face on Mars is an example of an extraterrestrial massif.[3] Massifs may also form underwater, as with the Atlantis Massif.[4]

List

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Africa

  • Adrar des Ifoghas – Mali
  • Aïr Massif – Niger
  • Ambohiby Massif – Madagascar
  • Benna Massif – Guinea
  • Bongo Massif – Central African Republic
  • Ennedi Plateau – Chad
  • Kilimanjaro Massif – Kenya–Tanzania
  • Oban Massif – Nigeria
  • Marojejy Massif – Madagascar
  • Mulanje Massif – Malawi
  • Virunga Massif – Uganda–Rwanda–DR Congo
  • Waterberg Biosphere – South Africa

Algeria

  • Collo Massif
  • Edough Massif
  • Khachna Massif

Antarctica

Asia

  • Annapurna – Nepal
  • Bromo-Tengger-Semeru – Indonesia
  • Chu Pong Massif – Vietnam
  • Dhaulagiri – Nepal
  • Gasherbrum – China -Pakistan
  • Kangchenjunga – Nepal–India
  • Knuckles Massif – Sri Lanka
  • Kondyor Massif – Russia
  • Kugitangtau Ridge – Turkmenistan
  • Kumgangsan – North Korea
  • Logar ultrabasite massif – Afghanistan
  • Mount Ararat – Turkey
  • Mount Everest massif (including Lhotse) – Nepal–Tibet (China)
  • Mount Kinabalu – Malaysia
  • Mount Tomuraushi – Japan
  • Nanga Parbat – Pakistan

India

  • Bundelkhand
  • Nun Kun
  • Panchchuli
  • Shillong

Iran

Kazakhstan

  • Degelen
  • Kokshetau Massif
  • Mount Ku
  • Myrzhyk
  • Semizbughy

Europe

Aerial view of Mont Blanc massif, an example of a massif and also the highest summit in the Alps.[5]
Panorama of Pirin Mountain massif, Bulgaria
Gran Sasso d'Italia massif seen from an airplane. Part of the Apennine Mountains, it is located in the Abruzzo region of Italy.
  • Aarmassif – Switzerland
  • Ardennes Massif – France–Belgium–Luxembourg
  • Åreskutan – Sweden
  • Arlberg – Austria
  • Bohemian Massif – Czech Republic
  • Ceahlău Massif – Romania
  • Gotthard Massif – Switzerland
  • Hesperian Massif – Iberian Peninsula
  • Jungfrau Massif – Switzerland
  • Mangerton Mountain – Ireland
  • Montgris – Spain
  • Montserrat – Spain
  • Mont Blanc massif – Italy–France–Switzerland
  • Rhenish Massif – Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France
  • Rila – Rhodope Massif – Bulgaria–Greece
  • Troodos – Cyprus
  • Untersberg – Germany–Austria
  • Vitosha Massif – Bulgaria

France

  • Alpilles
  • Aravis Range
  • Armorican Massif
  • Bauges Massif
  • Beaufortain Massif
  • Belledonne massif
  • Bornes Massif
  • Calanques Massif
  • Cerces Massif
  • Chablais Massif
  • Chartreuse Massif
  • Dévoluy Massif
  • Massif des Écrins
  • Jura Mountains
  • Lauzière massif
  • Luberon
  • Massif Central
  • Massif de l'Esterel
  • Mercantour
  • Monte Cinto massif
  • Taillefer Massif
  • Queyras Massif
  • Vanoise Massif
  • Vercors Plateau
  • Vosges Mountains

Italy

  • Gran Sasso d'Italia
  • Grappa Massif
  • Massiccio del Matese
  • Massiccio del Pollino
  • Monte Ermada
  • Sila Massif
  • Speikboden (South Tyrol)

United Kingdom

  • Ben Nevis massif
  • Cornubian Massif
  • Long Mynd
  • Snowdon Massif
  • Ben Klibreck
  • Cairngorms massifs

North America

Canada

United States

Oceania

Caribbean

  • Massif de la Hotte – Haiti
  • Valle Nuevo Massif – Dominican Republic

South America

  • Brasilia Massif – Brazil , Argentina , Paraguay, Uruguay.
  • Neblina Massif – Venezuela–Brazil
  • Colombian Massif – Colombia
  • North Patagonian Massif – Argentina
  • Deseado Massif – Argentina

Submerged

References

  1. ↑ "Definition of MASSIF". 21 June 2023. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/massif. 
  2. ↑ Allen, 2008, Time scales of tectonic landscapes and their sediment routing systems, Geol. Soc. Lon. Sp. Pub., v. 296, p. 7–28.
  3. ↑ Britt, Robert Roy (2006-09-21). "Mars Face Makeover: Controversial Formation Observed from New Angles". Space.com. http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060921_mars_images.html. 
  4. ↑ Blackman, Donna (2002). "Geology of the Atlantis Massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 30°N): Implications for the evolution of an ultramafic oceanic core complex". Marine Geophysical Researches 23 (5): 443–469. doi:10.1023/b:mari.0000018232.14085.75. Bibcode: 2002MarGR..23..443B. 
  5. ↑ "The Sydney Morning Herald, November 6, 2009". 2009-11-06. http://www.smh.com.au/environment/mont-blanc-shrinks-by-45cm-in-two-years-20091106-i0kk.html. 
  6. ↑ Tollo, Richard (June 16, 2023). "Mesoproterozoic Geology of the Blue Ridge Province in North-Central Virginia: Petrologic and Structural Perspectives on Grenvillian Orogenesis and Paleozoic Tectonic Processes". https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/1264/html/trip2/. 
  7. ↑ Tollo, Richard (June 16, 2023). "Mesoproterozoic Geology of the Blue Ridge Province in North-Central Virginia: Petrologic and Structural Perspectives on Grenvillian Orogenesis and Paleozoic Tectonic Processes". https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/1264/html/trip2/. 



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