Social:2017 Berkeley protests

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2017 Berkeley protests
2017 Berkeley protests.jpg
Protesters of the April 15 pro-Trump rally
DateFebruary–September 2017
Location
Berkeley, California, US
Caused byInvitation of Milo Yiannopoulos and other right wing individuals to University of California, Berkeley
GoalsBanning of right wing individuals from University of California campuses
MethodsProtests, demonstrations, riots, looting, vandalism, civil disobedience, civil resistance, strike action
Parties to the civil conflict
  • Antifa
  • Socialists
  • Anarchists
  • BAMN
  • International Socialist Organization
  • Refuse Fascism
Lead figures
Donald Trump
Mike Pence
Jeff Sessions
Thomas Brandon
Jerry Brown
Jesse Arreguín
Ed Lee
Libby Schaaf
Janet Napolitano
Carol T. Christ
Marguerite Bennett
Casualties
Injuries18
Arrested71+

The 2017 Berkeley protests were a series of protests and clashes between organized groups that occurred in the city of Berkeley, California, in the vicinity of the University of California campus. Violence occurred predominantly between protesters opposed to then-President Donald Trump, including activists such as antifa groups and socialists;[1][2] and pro-Trump groups such as Republicans, members of the alt-lite and alt-right, neo-Nazis, and white nationalists. The majority of the participants on both sides were people who wanted to listen to the speakers peacefully, and peaceful protesters against the speakers.[3][4][5][6][7]

The first event occurred on February 1, when Trump supporter Milo Yiannopoulos was scheduled to give a speech at the university. Two later incidents on March 4 and April 15, were pro-Trump rallies met by protesters. Another rally occurred on April 27, hosted by Kyle "Based Stickman" Chapman, Brittany Pettibone, Lauren Southern, and others at Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park. This was scheduled after a planned speech by Ann Coulter was canceled. A "Say No to Marxism" rally planned to be held in the same park on August 27 was officially canceled by the organizers, but still drew both Trump supporters and protesters.

Protests and clashes continued into the month of September, with a campus visit from conservative radio host Ben Shapiro and the return of Yiannopoulos for "Berkeley Free Speech Week". Security for the September events, though "Free Speech Week" was officially canceled by the organizers, cost the university hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Timeline

February 1

Property damage in Sproul Plaza resulting from the protest

On February 1, Milo Yiannopoulos was scheduled to make a speech at the University of California, Berkeley at 8 p.m. Prior, more than 100 UC Berkeley faculty signed a petition urging the university to cancel the event.[8]

Over 1,500 people gathered on the steps of Sproul Hall to protest the event. The protest had been a non-violent, student gathering until a group of 150 black bloc protesters slowly entered the crowd and interrupted the protest.[9][8] The interrupting protesters claimed to be antifa activists and members of the left-wing group By Any Means Necessary.[10][11] The group of interrupting protestors set fires, damaged property, threw fireworks, attacked members of the crowd, and threw rocks at the police.[8][9] Within twenty minutes of the start of the violence, the Yiannopoulos event was officially canceled by the university police department due to security concerns, and protesters were ordered to disperse.[9][12] The interrupting protesters continued for several hours afterwards, with some protesters moving into downtown Berkeley to break windows at several banks, a Starbucks, a Target, a Sprint store, and a T-Mobile store.[13][11] Among those assaulted were a Syrian Muslim, who was pepper sprayed and hit with a rod by an interrupting protester who said "You look like a Nazi",[14] and Kiara Robles, who was pepper sprayed while being interviewed by a TV reporter.[15] One person was arrested for failure to disperse, and there was an estimated $100,000 in damage.[16]

March 4

A march in support of then-President Donald Trump in Berkeley on March 4 billed as "March 4 Trump" resulted in seven injuries and ten arrests after confrontations with protesters. Police confiscated several weapons from attendees of the rally, including baseball bats, bricks, metal pipes, pieces of lumber, and a dagger.[17][18]

April 15

On April 15, several groups, including approximately 50 members of the right-wing group Oath Keepers, held a pro-Trump rally and were met by protesters, including antifa activists.[19][10] Planned speakers included Brittany Pettibone and Lauren Southern.[20] The event was organized as a free speech rally by Rich Black, who also organized the March 4 Trump event.[21][22]

At Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park a "large number of fights" broke out, smoke bombs and fireworks were thrown into the melee, and pepper spray was used in the crowd.[23][24] According to the Los Angeles Times , "Both groups threw rocks and sticks at each other and used a large trash bin as a battering ram as the crowd moved around the perimeter of the park."[23] Eleven people were injured, six of whom were hospitalized, including one person who was stabbed.[23] Police "seized a handful of cans of peppers [sic] spray, some knives, and dozens of sign and flag poles, skateboards, and other blunt objects" from members of the crowd. Twenty people were arrested.[24]

A Reuters reporter estimated that between 500 and 1,000 people were in the park at the peak of the rally.[25] Various far-right activists in the crowd held up antisemitic signs,[26][27] and some made Nazi salutes and used other Nazi symbolism such as the Black Sun[28][24] The Rise Above Movement (RAM) also attended and some of their members were arrested.[29]

During the event, Nathan Damigo—a 30-year-old California State University, Stanislaus student and the founder of the white supremacist, alt-right group Identity Evropa punched a female protester in the face and then ran into the crowd. The attack was captured on video and prompted calls for Damigo's arrest or expulsion.[30][31] Cal State Stanislaus stated that they would investigate Damigo.[31]

Also during the event, a man covering his face with a bandanna attacked three rally attendees with a bike lock, hitting one of them on the head and causing "significant injuries". He was later identified by 4chan's /pol/ users as a former Diablo Valley College professor, named Eric Clanton, and subsequently arrested on three counts of assault with a deadly weapon, and ultimately sentenced to probation after pleading no contest to all charges.[32][33][34][35]

April 27

On April 18, 2017, administrators at UC Berkeley canceled a planned April 27 appearance on the campus by conservative columnist Ann Coulter, citing safety concerns. Coulter tweeted on April 19 that she would be coming to Berkeley to speak on that date regardless.[36][37] On April 20, the University stated that they would host Coulter on May 2 at a "protected venue" that would be disclosed at a later date.[38] Coulter declined to reschedule, noting that she was unavailable on May 2 and that UC Berkeley had no classes scheduled for that week, and said she would hold her speech on April 27 with or without the university's consent. She later said that she did not intend to speak, but said she might attend the April 27 event.[39][40] Right-wing activist Brittany Pettibone delivered remarks promising that conservatives will refuse to stand down, which was met with applause from the crowd. Vice and Proud Boys co-founder Gavin McInnes read Ann Coulter's planned speech at the event.[41] Other speakers at the rally included the conservative-libertarian writer Lauren Southern.[42][43][44][45] There was concern the gathering would turn violent based on "social media feeds of militant left-wing and right-wing activists abuzz with plans to proceed with demonstrations over the Coulter-Berkeley controversy."[46]

The International Socialist Organization organized an "Alt-Right Delete" rally at Sproul Plaza. About 150 people attended the rally and 70 police officers monitored the situation.[41] Several hundred attended a "Freedom of Speech" rally at the Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park in Berkeley. The demonstrations were relatively peaceful; however, there was some tension as five were arrested, one for a weapons violation and another for drug possession.[47]

August 27

Anti-fascist black block rally at Berkley protests

Between 2,000 and 4,000 people attended a "Rally Against Hate" protest against a far-right "Say No to Marxism" rally scheduled for Martin Luther King Civic Center Park in Berkeley on August 27. The protest was part of a larger nationwide backlash against far-right movements in the aftermath of a deadly white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, earlier that month. The "Say No to Marxism" rally was cancelled due to safety concerns and only a small number of anti-Marxist protestors attended.[48][49][50] Scheduled attendees at the far-right rally included Augustus Invictus, Jack Posobiec, and Kyle Chapman (none of whom attended), Johnny Benitez, organizer of an "America First" rally in Laguna Beach, and Irma Hinojosa of Latinos for Trump.[51][52] The rally followed a largely peaceful protest held the day before in nearby San Francisco , in response to a rally that was organized then later cancelled by Patriot Prayer.[52]

The Berkeley protest drew supporters mostly from area labor unions, churches, and liberal activist groups, as well as antifa activists. Five hundred police officers were present. Police banned weapons and projectiles, and set up a barricade of dump trucks to protect the crowd from vehicles.[52][49]

The protest was initially peaceful until about 100 masked black-clad anti-fascists carrying shields and sticks broke through police lines, bypassing security checks. The Berkeley police chief had ordered his officers to abandon the park, arguing that confronting the antifa activists would have led to more violence.[49] The masked protesters targeted the small number of right-wing activists attending the announced rally, in some cases pepper-spraying and chasing them away, or beating them.[52][53][49]

African American journalist Al Letson of Reveal, who was covering the event, saw five masked protesters beating an unarmed man with sticks.[54][55] Fearing for the man's life, Letson used his body as a human shield and encouraged the protesters to discontinue their attacks.[56][57] Joey Gibson of Patriot Prayer, also present at this rally, was escorted out by the police after being attacked, and Hinojosa and others required police escorts to exit safely. Anti-fascists threatened to break the cameras of journalists who recorded them.[52] Afterwards, the demonstrators marched to the nearby Ohlone Park where they dispersed.[58] Thirteen people were arrested on various charges, including assault with a deadly weapon and felony assault. One officer and six other people were injured with two taken to local hospitals for treatment.[59][60]

September

Berkeley Mayor Jesse Arreguin asked UC Berkeley in August 2017 to cancel conservatives' speech plans slated for September 24–27 in prevention of violent civil unrest.[61] In September 2017, Cal Chancellor Carol Christ said: "Call toxic speech out for what it is, don't shout it down, for in shouting it down, you collude in the narrative that universities are not open to all speech. Respond to hate speech with more speech";[62] and, president of the University of California system, Janet Napolitano, said: "I think some of these speakers are coming deliberately to provoke ... a response. But nonetheless they're coming to speak, they're coming to put forward controversial and noxious ideas. Colleges and universities are places where noxious ideas are expressed. So how you ... protect that value, that's the challenge that we face."[63]

September 14

On September 14, conservative radio host Ben Shapiro gave a speech at the campus, which was covered by a crew for the political documentary No Safe Spaces.[64] No one wearing masks or with weapons was allowed on campus,[65] and the Berkeley City Council authorized the police to use pepper spray, a weapon that had been banned in the city for twenty years.[66] The campus also set up concrete barriers and metal detectors, with a UC spokesman stating that about $600,000 was spent on security for Shapiro's speech.[67] Hundreds gathered off campus at a "Refuse Fascism" rally to protest the event. Police made nine arrests; there was no major violence.[67]

September 24–27

Protesters and police officers fill Sproul Plaza on September 24, 2017
Police wearing riot helmets fill the intersection of Bancroft and Telegraph

A dozen commentators with right-wing political leanings, including Milo Yiannopoulos, Steve Bannon, Ann Coulter, Pamela Geller, David Horowitz, and Erik Prince, were extended invitations by the UC Berkeley student group Berkeley Patriot to participate in what it terms "Free Speech Week" in Berkeley September 24–27. Nearly two hundred professors and graduate students signed the open letter "Boycott the Alt-Right @UCBerkeley" calling for a boycott of campus for the four days of the planned events to ensure community members' "physical and mental safety".[68] A UC Berkeley spokesman stated that the cost of security for Free Speech Week will exceed $1 million.[69]

Sproul locked down during Free Speech Week

Prior to the slated event, some students members of Berkeley Patriot filed a complaint with to the US Department of Justice alleging, among other things, that the university had "arbitrary and irrational bureaucratic hurdles on student groups which seek to exercise their First Amendment rights by holding public debates."[70]

Having not signed contracts with various invitees for them to appear and having already backed out of its only reserved, indoor venues, on September 23, Berkeley Patriot officially notified the campus that they were canceling all Free Speech Week activities.[71][72][73] Milo Yiannopoulos stated that afternoon that he and other speakers would still come to campus and hold a "March for Free Speech" at noon on Sunday.[74] About 300 protesters, including former US Army soldier Chelsea Manning, participated in a peaceful march to the campus on Saturday.[72]

On September 24, Yiannopoulos, Cernovich and Geller arrived outside Sproul Hall and Yiannopoulos spoke very briefly without a sound system and sang the US national anthem.[75] Hundreds of protesters and supporters surrounded the police barricades that were erected that morning around Sproul Plaza. Attendees were permitted into the plaza only after passing through a single metal detector; approximately 150 people saw Yiannopoulos speak, while hundreds more waited in line. An "unprecedented" number of police officers were brought in, costing the university an estimated $800,000. Police banned weapons and face masks. Afterward, anti-Trump protesters, mocking Yiannopoulos's speech, chanted, "Immigrants are here to stay, Milo had to run away."[76][77] Berkeley police reported at least 11 arrests, but no injuries or damage to buildings.[78]

UC Berkeley spokesman Dan Mogulof said afterwards that the media event amounted to "the most expensive photo op in the university's history."[79]

On September 25, protesters holding a rally against white supremacy demonstrated at Wheeler Hall on the Berkeley campus. One person was arrested for wearing a mask to conceal his identity.[80]

On September 26, fights broke out near Sproul Plaza between right-wing and left-wing groups, including Patriot Prayer and By Any Means Necessary (BAMN). The groups fought inside an "empathy tent" and then began marching to People's Park, where Kyle "Stickman" Chapman and others from Patriot Prayer spoke about a war on whites and a "battle for Berkeley". Police made three arrests, among them BAMN spokeswoman Yvette Felarca.[81]

Aftermath

Following the February 1 protest, a lawyer representing a local police union criticized the police administration for their "hands off" policy which prevented officers from preventing crime or making arrests. A police representative responded that they did not want to further escalate violence, and that the campus police were inexperienced in dealing with black bloc tactics.[82] According to Berkeley Police chief Margo Bennett, they were waiting for reinforcements to come from Oakland Police and the Alameda County Sheriff before dispersing the crowds.[83]

Following the February events, Trump criticized UC Berkeley on Twitter, asserting that it "does not allow free speech" and threatening to de-fund the university.[84][85]

After the April events, several news organizations noted that the fighting demonstrated an increasing use of violence between members of both the far right and the far left.[28]

On June 6, 2017, Larry Klayman filed a lawsuit on the behalf of Robles, who alleges the university and others violated her First Amendment rights when she was attacked with pepper spray while being interviewed.[86][87][88][89] In July 2017, Robles voluntarily dismissed her lawsuit.[90]

After the August events, Jesse Arreguin, the mayor of Berkeley, suggested classifying the city's antifa as a gang.[91] The US House Minority Leader and Californian congressperson Nancy Pelosi condemned the violence allegedly perpetrated by antifa protesters, writing that "the perpetrators should be arrested and prosecuted."[92]

In January 2018, four people who were attacked while trying to attend a speech due to be given by Yiannopoulos filed a federal civil-rights lawsuit against the University of California, Berkeley. The lawsuit alleged that campus and city officials failed to prepare for the rioting despite sufficient warning, and as a result would-be attendees were left vulnerable to assault by left-wing protest groups.[93]

References

  1. ↑ "Woman Punched During Berkeley Protest Describes Melee". April 17, 2017. http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/04/17/woman-punched-during-berkeley-protest-speaks-out/. 
  2. ↑ "Heavy Police Presence Keeps Berkeley Coulter Protests Peaceful". April 27, 2017. http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/04/27/political-violence-berkeley-ann-coulter-alt-right/. 
  3. ↑ "Black-clad antifa members attack peaceful right-wing demonstrators in Berkeley". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/08/28/black-clad-antifa-attack-right-wing-demonstrators-in-berkeley/. 
  4. ↑ "Berkeley protests of Yiannopoulos caused $100,000 in damage". February 2, 2017. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/01/us/milo-yiannopoulos-berkeley/index.html. 
  5. ↑ "Kiara Robles, pepper-sprayed Trump supporter from Berkeley riots, files $23M lawsuit". June 7, 2017. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jun/7/kiara-robles-pepper-sprayed-trump-supporter-from-b/. 
  6. ↑ "Pro-Trump 'free-speech' rally draws hundreds for peaceful protest downtown — Berkeleyside". April 27, 2017. https://www.berkeleyside.com/2017/04/27/pro-trump-free-speech-rally-draws-hundreds-peaceful-protest. 
  7. ↑ "Photos: Milo protesters at Cal were largely peaceful. Here are a few of them — Berkeleyside". February 3, 2017. https://www.berkeleyside.com/2017/02/03/photos-milo-protesters-uc-berkeley-largely-peaceful. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Fuller, Thomas (February 2, 2017). "A Free Speech Battle at the Birthplace of a Movement at Berkeley". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/02/us/university-california-berkeley-free-speech-milo-yiannopoulos.html. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Milo Yiannopoulos event canceled after violence erupts". UC Berkeley News. February 1, 2017. http://news.berkeley.edu/2017/02/01/yiannopoulos-event-canceled/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Behind Berkeley's Semester of Hate". New York Times. August 4, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/04/education/edlife/antifa-collective-university-california-berkeley.html. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 David, Carlo; Dinkelspiel, Frances (February 2, 2017). "Chaos erupts, protesters shut down Yiannopolous events, banks in downtown vandalized". http://www.berkeleyside.com/2017/02/02/chaos-erupts-protesters-shut-yiannopolous-events-banks-downtown-vandalized/. 
  12. ↑ Mele, Christopher (February 1, 2017). "Berkeley Cancels Milo Yiannopoulos Speech, and Donald Trump Tweets Outrage". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/us/uc-berkeley-milo-yiannopoulos-protest.html. 
  13. ↑ Kell, Gretchen (February 2, 2017). "Campus investigates, assesses damage from Feb. 1 violence". http://news.berkeley.edu/2017/02/02/campus-investigates-assesses-damage-from-feb-1-violence/. 
  14. ↑ Ramaiyer, Malini (February 2, 2017). "How Violence Undermined the Berkeley Protest". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/02/opinion/how-violence-undermined-the-berkeley-protest.html. 
  15. ↑ "Woman pepper sprayed by Berkeley protester" (in en-US). Fox News 5 NY. http://www.fox5ny.com/news/233358586-story. 
  16. ↑ Bodley, Michael (February 2, 2017). "At Berkeley Yiannopoulos protest, $100,000 in damage, 1 arrest". http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/At-Berkeley-Yiannopoulos-protest-100-000-in-10905217.php. 
  17. ↑ Wang, Amy B.. "Pro-Trump rally in Berkeley turns violent as protesters clash with the president's supporters". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/03/05/pro-trump-rally-in-berkeley-turns-violent-as-protesters-clash-with-the-presidents-supporters/. 
  18. ↑ Barmann, Jay (March 5, 2017). "Pro-Trump Rally In Berkeley Turns Predictably Messy, 10 Arrested". SFist. http://sfist.com/2017/03/05/pro-trump_rally_in_berkeley_turns_p.php. 
  19. ↑ St. John, Paige; Grad, Shelby (April 16, 2017). "How Berkeley became epicenter of violent Trump clashes". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-berkeley-trump-20170416-story.html. 
  20. ↑ Dizikes, Cynthia (April 16, 2017). "Arrests made as protesters clash at pro-Trump rally in Berkeley". SFGate. http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Protesters-clash-at-pro-Trump-rally-in-Berkeley-11075595.php. 
  21. ↑ "Free Speech Rally in Berkeley results in several injuries, 20 arrests". The Daily Californian. April 15, 2017. http://www.dailycal.org/2017/04/15/free-speech-rally-berkeley-results-several-injuries-least-4-arrests/. 
  22. ↑ Ellis, Ralph; Marco, Tony (April 16, 2017). "Trump supporters, opponents clash in Berkeley". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/15/us/berkeley-protests-trump/. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 St. John, Paige (April 15, 2017). "Hundreds of Trump supporters and counter-protesters clash at Berkeley rally". http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-berkeley-trump-rally-20170415-story.html. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Sciacca, Annie; Lochner, Tom; Lochner, Nate; Treadway, Chris (April 16, 2017). "20 arrested, 11 injured in Trump-related rallies in downtown Berkeley". Mercury News. http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/04/15/berkeley-braces-for-planned-pro-anti-trump-rallies/. 
  25. ↑ Randewich, Noah (April 16, 2017). "Trump supporters, opponents clash in California park". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-berkeley-protests-idUSKBN17H0LU. 
  26. ↑ Yuhas, Alan; Gambino, Lauren (April 15, 2017). "Arrests at violent Berkeley Trump protests while tax marches stay calm" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/apr/15/arrests-violent-berkeley-trump-protests-tax-marches. 
  27. ↑ David Neiwert (April 17, 2017). "Far Right Descends on Berkeley For 'Free Speech' and Planned Violence" (in en). Hatewatch (Southern Poverty Law Center). https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/04/17/far-right-descends-berkeley-free-speech-and-planned-violence. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Lennard, Natasha (April 15, 2017). "The Violent Clashes in Berkeley Weren't 'Pro-Trump' Versus 'Anti-Trump'" (in en). Esquire. http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/news/a54564/the-violent-clashes-in-berkeley-werent-pro-trump-versus-anti-trump/. 
  29. ↑ St John, Paige (4 April 2017). "21 arrested as hundreds of Trump supporters and counter-protesters clash at Berkeley rally". https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/10/24/robert-rundo-rise-above-movement-charlottesville-huntington-beach-berkeley/1755798002/. 
  30. ↑ Sheffield, Matthew (April 28, 2017). "Trolling for a race war: Neo-Nazis are trying to bait leftist 'antifa' activists into violence — and radicalize white people". http://www.salon.com/2017/04/27/trolling-for-a-race-war-neo-nazis-are-trying-to-bait-leftist-antifa-activists-into-violence-and-radicalize-white-people/. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Branson-Potts, Hailey (April 17, 2017). "Cal State Stanislaus to investigate white supremacist student who punched woman in Berkeley melee" (in en-US). Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-nathan-damigo-stanislaus-state-20170417-story.html. 
  32. ↑ Feuer, Alan (May 15, 2018). "Antifa on Trial: How a College Professor Joined the Left's Radical Ranks". Rolling Stone. ISSN 0035-791X. https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/antifa-on-trial-how-a-college-professor-joined-the-lefts-radical-ranks-630213/. Retrieved July 6, 2019. 
  33. ↑ Kelly, George (May 24, 2017). "Bay Area college professor used U-shaped bike lock in beating, police say". The Mercury News. http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/05/24/berkeley-college-professor-arrested-as-assault-suspect/. 
  34. ↑ A man clobbered protesters with a bike lock at a Berkeley rally, police say. The Internet went looking for him. , Washington Post, June 3, 2017
  35. ↑ Former Professor Charged With Assault During Berkeley Trump Event , CBS News San Francisco, May 26, 2017
  36. ↑ Asimov, Nanette (April 19, 2017). "UC Berkeley orders cancellation of Ann Coulter speech". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/UC-Berkeley-orders-cancellation-of-Ann-Coulter-11084299.php. 
  37. ↑ "Ann Coulter appearance canceled over security concerns at UC Berkeley". The Guardian. April 19, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/apr/19/ann-coulter-appearance-canceled-university-california-berkeley. 
  38. ↑ Yuhas, Alan (April 20, 2017). "Ann Coulter event is back on after UC Berkeley finds 'protected venue'". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/apr/20/ann-coulter-uc-berkeley-event-back-on. 
  39. ↑ Asimov, Nanette (April 20, 2017). "Ann Coulter rejects Cal offer to switch date of speech". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/education/article/UC-Berkeley-changes-plans-invites-Ann-Coulter-to-11087363.php. 
  40. ↑ Svrluga, Susan; Wan, William; Dwoskin, Elizabeth (April 27, 2017). "There was no Ann Coulter speech. But protesters converged on Berkeley.". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/04/27/theres-no-speech-planned-but-protesters-are-converging-on-berkeley-today/. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 McLaughlin, Eliott C.; Yan, Holly; Hassan, Carma. "Berkeley protests: No Ann Coulter, but demonstrators gather". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/27/us/berkeley-ann-coulter-canceled-speech-protests/index.html. 
  42. ↑ "Coulter blames UC Berkeley for cancellation of her talk". April 26, 2017. http://www.berkeleyside.com/2017/04/26/ann-coulter-says-uc-berkeley-radical-thuggish-institution-blame-cancellation-talk/. 
  43. ↑ Taylor, Tracey (April 26, 2017). "Mayor forced on the defensive as city becomes ground zero for extremists". http://www.berkeleyside.com/2017/04/26/berkeley-mayor-forced-defensive-city-becomes-ground-zero-extremists/. 
  44. ↑ Svrluga, Susan; Wan, William; Dwoskin, Elizabeth (April 26, 2017). "Ann Coulter speech at UC Berkeley canceled, again, amid fears for safety". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/04/26/ann-coulter-speech-canceled-at-uc-berkeley-amid-fears-for-safety/. 
  45. ↑ Bauer-Wolf, Jeremy (April 26, 2017). "Ann Coulter will back out of Berkeley talk". Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/04/26/ann-coulter-will-back-out-berkeley-talk. 
  46. ↑ "UC Berkeley is still bracing for the worst after Ann Coulter canceled a contentious speech" (in en). Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com/r-berkeley-braces-for-unrest-despite-ann-coulter-cancelation-2017-4. 
  47. ↑ Svrluga, Susan; Wan, William; Dwoskin, Elizabeth (April 27, 2017). "There's no Ann Coulter speech planned. But protesters converged on Berkeley". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/04/27/theres-no-speech-planned-but-protesters-are-converging-on-berkeley-today/. 
  48. ↑ Bowman, Emma (August 28, 2017). "Scattered Violence Erupts At Large, Left-Wing Berkeley Rally". NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/08/28/546641577/scattered-violence-erupts-at-large-left-wing-berkeley-rally. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 Swenson, Kyle (August 28, 2017). "Black-clad antifa attack peaceful right wing demonstrators in Berkeley". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/08/28/black-clad-antifa-attack-right-wing-demonstrators-in-berkeley/. 
  50. ↑ paul elias and jocelyn gecker, associated press (2017-08-28). "Black-clad anarchists swarm anti-hate rally in California - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/black-clad-anarchists-swarm-anti-hate-rally-california-49462180. 
  51. ↑ "With far-right, anti-fascist groups expected to clash in Bay Area, police plan overwhelming force, zero tolerance". Los Angeles Times. August 25, 2017. http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-bay-area-protests-police-tactics-20170825-story.html. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 "Counter-demonstrators vastly out number Trump supporters at Berkeley rally". Los Angeles Times. August 27, 2017. http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-berkeley-protests-20170827-story.html. 
  53. ↑ Elias, Paul (August 28, 2017). "Anarchist rampage in Berkeley renews free speech debate". Associated Press. https://apnews.com/cc4a4734e0fe4b0a934ec3ba190eedfb. 
  54. ↑ "Jacksonville's Al Letson protects man from California rally beating: 'I thought they were going to kill him'" (in en). jacksonville.com. http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/2017-08-28/jacksonville-s-al-letson-protects-man-california-rally-beating-i-thought-they. 
  55. ↑ "Scattered Violence Erupts At Large, Left-Wing Berkeley Rally" (in en). NPR.org. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/08/28/546641577/scattered-violence-erupts-at-large-left-wing-berkeley-rally. 
  56. ↑ "Reveal host Al Letson shields man from beating at anti-hate rally" (in en-US). Reveal. 2017-08-27. https://www.revealnews.org/blog/reveal-host-al-letson-shields-man-from-beating-at-anti-hate-rally/. 
  57. ↑ "Radio host witnesses man being attacked at rally to protest far right - and jumps in to save him" (in en-GB). The Independent. 2017-08-28. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/radio-host-human-shield-alt-righ-wing-protester-attacked-ground-berkeley-a7916111.html. 
  58. ↑ "Berkeley Calms as Counterprotesters Declare Victory". Mother Jones. August 27, 2017. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/08/berkeley-protests-rally-against-hate-4/. 
  59. ↑ "Berkeley police release names of those arrested at Sunday rally". San Francisco Examiner. 28 August 2017. http://www.sfexaminer.com/berkeley-police-release-names-arrested-sunday-rally/. 
  60. ↑ KCRA Staff (2017-08-28). "13 arrested as clashes break out during Berkeley protests". Kcra.com. http://www.kcra.com/article/police-arrest-protesters-as-clashes-break-out-during-berkeley-protests/12102667. 
  61. ↑ By Matier & Ross (2017-08-28). "After melees, Berkeley mayor asks Cal to cancel right-wing Free Speech Week - San Francisco Chronicle". Sfchronicle.com. http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Berkeley-mayor-asks-Cal-to-cancel-12104330.php. 
  62. ↑ "Free Speech Week: UC Berkeley Readies for More Protests". Time.com. http://time.com/4924477/berkeley-yiannopoulos-antifa-free-speech-week/. 
  63. ↑ Strauss, Ben (2017-09-20). "Berkeley 'Free Speech Week' with Bannon will be costly, university president says". Politico. http://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/20/berkeley-free-speech-week-cost-242939. 
  64. ↑ Bond, Paul (September 14, 2017). "Ben Shapiro's U.C. Berkeley Speech Expected to Draw Protests". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ben-shapiros-uc-berkeley-speech-expected-draw-protests-1039219. Retrieved September 14, 2017. 
  65. ↑ JOCELYN GECKER and PAUL ELIAS, Associated Press (2017-05-16). "Berkeley braces for visit by right-wing speaker Ben Shapiro". Usatoday.com. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/09/13/berkeley-braces-visit-right-wing-speaker-ben-shapiro/664536001/. 
  66. ↑ Park, Madison (September 14, 2017). "Berkeley amps up security ahead of speech from conservative". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/14/us/berkeley-ben-shapiro-speech/index.html. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Johnson, Lizzie; Asimov, Nanette; Veklerov, Kimberly; Tucker, Jill (September 14, 2017). "Ben Shapiro takes stage at UC Berkeley under 'extraordinary' security". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/UC-Berkeley-says-it-s-prepared-to-keep-Ben-12198540.php. 
  68. ↑ Asimov, Nanette (2017-09-18). "UC Berkeley professors urge campus boycott during 'Free Speech Week'". SFGate. http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/UC-Berkeley-professors-urge-campus-boycott-during-12202096.php. 
  69. ↑ Asimov, Nanette (September 22, 2017). "Cal student group waffles on Free Speech Week: Milo says it's still on". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Cal-student-group-backs-out-of-Free-Speech-Week-12221042.php. 
  70. ↑ Svrluga, Susan. "Coulter says she assumes "Free Speech Week" at UC-Berkeley is canceled. Milo Yiannopoulos says it's on.". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/09/22/coulter-says-she-assumes-free-speech-week-at-uc-berkeley-is-canceled-milo-yiannopoulos-says-its-on/. 
  71. ↑ Lee, Chantelle (2017-09-16). "'Failure to confirm': Berkeley Patriot loses 2 venues for 'Free Speech Week'". Dailycal.org. http://www.dailycal.org/2017/09/16/failure-confirm-berkeley-patriot-loses-zellerbach-wheeler-auditoriums-free-speech-week/. 
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Deruy, Emily (September 23, 2017). "UC Berkeley's 'Free Speech Week' officially canceled, appeared to be set-up from the start". The Mercury News. http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/09/23/uc-berkeley-free-speech-week-officially-canceled/. 
  73. ↑ "Confusion reigns as far-right Berkeley 'free speech week' approaches: Coulter won't be coming". LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-berkeley-free-speech-week-20170921-story.html. 
  74. ↑ McCausland, Phil; Dzhanova, Yelena (September 23, 2017). "'Free Speech Week' at UC Berkeley Canceled, Milo Yiannopoulos Blames School". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/free-speech-week-uc-berkeley-canceled-milo-yiannopoulos-blames-school-n804171. 
  75. ↑ Barmann, Jay. "Milo Yiannopoulos Spent 15 Minutes At UC Berkeley, Cost Them $800,000". SFist. http://sfist.com/2017/09/25/milo_spent_15_minutes_at_uc_berkele.php. 
  76. ↑ Tucker, Jill; Veklerov, Kimberly; Johnson, Lizzie; Asimov, Nanette (September 24, 2017). "Yiannopoulos visits Sproul for 15 minutes, UC Berkeley spends $800,000". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Yiannopoulos-visits-Sproul-for-15-minutes-UC-12225043.php. 
  77. ↑ "'We Won't Be Deterred': Milo Yiannopoulos Makes UC Berkeley Appearance Short, Pledges Return". NBC Bay Area. September 24, 2017. http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/UC-Berkeley-Free-Speech-Week-Milo-Yiannopoulos-Speaking-Event-447399663.html. 
  78. ↑ "Yiannopoulos Appearance Called 'Most Expensive Photo Op In University History'". CBS Bay Area. September 24, 2017. http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/09/24/berkeley-day-protest-rally-campus/. 
  79. ↑ "How the 'Coachella of Conservatism' fizzled into an 'expensive photo opp' at Berkeley". LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-milo-berkeley-antifa-20170925-htmlstory.html. 
  80. ↑ "1 Person Cited At UC Berkeley Protest Against White Supremacy". CBS Bay Area. September 25, 2017. http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/09/25/1-person-cited-at-uc-berkeley-protest-against-white-supremacy/. 
  81. ↑ Veklerov, Kimberly; Tucker, Jill (September 26, 2017). "Fights break out between right, left as dozens march through UC Berkeley". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/berkeley-protest-sproul-plaza-patriot-prayer-12230585.php. 
  82. ↑ The Associated Press (February 7, 2017). "Berkeley Police Criticized For 'Hands-Off' Approach To Violent Demonstrators". http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2017/02/07/berkeley-police-criticized-for-hands-off-approach-to-violent-demonstrators/. 
  83. ↑ Anthony, Laura (February 3, 2017). "Police criticized for lack of action during Berkeley protests" (in en-US). ABC7 San Francisco. http://abc7news.com/news/police-criticized-for-lack-of-action-during-berkeley-protests/1734527/. 
  84. ↑ Savransky, Rebecca (February 2, 2017). "Trump threatens funding cut if UC Berkeley 'does not allow free speech'". TheHill. http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/317494-trump-threatens-no-federal-funds-if-uc-berkeley-does-not-allow-free. 
  85. ↑ Rahim, Zamira (February 2, 2017). "Trump Threatens to Yank U.C. Berkeley's Federal Funding Over Protests Against Milo Yiannopoulos". Time. http://time.com/4657688/trump-milo-yiannopoulos-breitbart/. Retrieved February 2, 2017. 
  86. ↑ Cherelus, Gina (June 6, 2017). "Woman pepper-sprayed at UC Berkeley protest sues university, police". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-ucberkeley-lawsuit-idUSKBN18X2N7. 
  87. ↑ "Milo Yiannopoulos fan files lawsuit against Berkeley". Associated Press. June 7, 2017. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/07/milo-yiannopoulos-fan-files-lawsuit-against-berkeley.html. 
  88. ↑ Kenneally, Tim (June 6, 2017). "Milo Yiannopoulos Supporter Sues Berkeley for $23 Million". SFGate. http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/the-wrap/article/Milo-Yiannopoulos-Supporter-Sues-Berkeley-for-23-11200868.php. 
  89. ↑ McLevy, Alex (June 7, 2017). "Milo Yiannopoulos fan files lawsuit against Berkeley, George Soros, common sense". http://www.avclub.com/article/milo-yiannopoulos-fan-files-lawsuit-against-berkel-256448. 
  90. ↑ Iovino, Nicholas (July 26, 2017). "Woman Drops $23 Million Suit Over UC Berkeley Protest". Courthouse News Service. http://www.courthousenews.com/woman-drops-23-million-suit-uc-berkeley-protest/. 
  91. ↑ Porter, Tom (August 29, 2017). "Berkeley's mayor wants antifa to be classified as a gang". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/berkeley-mayor-calls-antifa-be-classified-crime-gang-after-clashes-sunday-656286. 
  92. ↑ Seipel, Brooke (August 29, 2017). "Pelosi condemns 'anitfa' after Berkeley clashes". The Hill. http://thehill.com/homenews/house/348493-pelosi-condemns-anitfa-after-berkeley-clashes. 
  93. ↑ "Four people injured by rioters at Milo Yiannopoulos event sue Berkeley" (in en-US). The Washington Times. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jan/16/four-injured-rioters-milo-event-sue-uc-berkeley/. 

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