Social:The Unparalleled Invasion
| "The Unparalleled Invasion" | |
|---|---|
| Author | Jack London |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Short story |
| Published in | McClure's |
| Publication type | Magazine |
| Publication date | July 1910 |
"The Unparalleled Invasion" is a science fiction story written by American author Jack London. It was first published in McClure's in July 1910.[1]
Plot summary
Under the influence of Japan, China modernizes and undergoes its own version of the Meiji Reforms in the 1910s. In 1922, China breaks away from Japan and fights a brief war that culminates in the Chinese annexation of the Japanese possessions of Korea, Formosa, and Manchuria. Enraged over the loss of Indochina to Chinese migrants and invading armies, France attempts to blockade China, but is thwarted by China's economic self-sufficiency. In a last-ditch attempt, France assembles a large military force to invade China, but the entire force is quickly defeated by China's vast army. Over the next half century, China's population steadily grows, and eventually migration overwhelms every other European colony in Asia.
By 1975, the population of China is double that of the Western world combined, and China's government is confident that the nation's high birth rate and population will result in Chinese world domination. The United States enlists the help of other Western powers and amasses an invasion force on China's borders. America then launches a biological warfare campaign against China, resulting in the total destruction of China's population, with the few survivors of the plague being killed out of hand by European and American troops. Some German soldiers are exposed to "a sort of hybridization between plague-germs" in China and are studied by German scientists, but the infection is safely kept from spreading. China is then colonized by the Western powers, opening the way to a joyous epoch of "splendid mechanical, intellectual, and art output". In the 1980s, war clouds once more gather between Germany and France over Alsace–Lorraine. The story ends with the nations of the world solemnly pledging not to use the same techniques that they had used against China.
Background and context
"The Unparalleled Invasion" was included in The Strength of the Strong, a collection of stories by London published by Macmillan in 1914,[2] which also included "The Dream of Debs", a critique of capitalist society in the US, and "The Strength of the Strong", which used a primitive background as metaphor of social injustice among men.
"The Unparalleled Invasion" has been used to support claims of racism in London's work.[3][4] Academics pointed out that the premise, themes, and even some passages were borrowed directly from London's 1904 "Yellow Peril" essay, where London warns that "the menace to the Western World lies, not in the [Japanese] little brown man, but in the four hundred millions of [Chinese] yellow men". [5]
However, other academics have also claimed that this story is a "strident warning against race hatred and its paranoia", due to its focus on the danger posed to China by the West. The story has also been viewed as a prescient political prediction of the rise of China as a world political power triggered in part by Japan's imperial aspirations. [6][7]
See also
- History of biological warfare
- Yellow Peril
References
- ↑ The Unparalleled Invasion title listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database, retrieved 2015-02-04.
- ↑ The Strength of the Strong The World of Jack London, retrieved 2015-02-04.
- ↑ Shi, Flair Donglai (February 2019). "The Yellow Peril as a Travelling Discourse: A Comparative Study of Wang Lixiong's". Comparative Critical Studies 16 (1): 7–30. doi:10.3366/ccs.2019.0308.
- ↑ Hari, Johann (15 August 2010). "Jack London's many sides emerge in James L. Haley's Wolf.". Slate (Slate.com). http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/books/2010/08/jack_londons_dark_side.single.html. Retrieved 2014-01-03. "Slate quotes it having the line "the only possible solution to the Chinese problem", although the line doesn't exist in the short story.".
- ↑ Swift, John N. (Fall 2002). "Jack London's "The Unparalleled Invasion": Germ Warfare, Eugenics, and Cultural Hygiene". American Literary Realism 35 (1): 59–71. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27747084.
- ↑ Jeanne Campbell Reesman (1999). Jack London: A Study of the Short Fiction. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8057-1678-8. OCLC 1014742577. https://books.google.com/books?id=i80fAQAAIAAJ.
- ↑ Métraux, Daniel (June 2008). "Jack London Reporting from Tokyo and Manchuria: The Forgotten Role of an Influential Observer of Early Modern Asia". Asia Pacific Perspectives 8 (1): 1–5. https://www.usfca.edu/sites/default/files/pdfs/v8n1_metraux.pdf. Retrieved 2021-03-30.
External links
- Full text of "The Unparalleled Invasion" online
- "The Unparalleled Invasion," as published in McClure's Magazine (July 1910), featuring illustrations by Andre Castaigne. Hosted by the Internet Archive.
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