Finance:Exnovation
Exnovation means the process of terminating a practice, or the use of a technology or product, within an organization, community, or society. Put simply, it can be described as the opposite of innovation. Exnovation has also been described as the "flipside of innovation",[1] or the "lesser-known sibling of innovation".[2] In commerce and management, exnovation can occur when products and processes that have been tested and confirmed to be best-in-class are standardized to ensure that they are not innovated further.[3][4][5][6] Companies that have followed exnovation as a strategy to improve organizational performance include General Electric, Ford Motor Company and American Airlines.[7]
One of the earliest usages of the term came in 1981, when John Kimberly referred to "removal of innovation from an organisation".[8] In 1996 A. Sandeep provided a modern definition of exnovation as the philosophy of not innovating – in other words, ensuring that best-in-class entities are not innovated further. Since then "exnovation" has become a notable parlance in various practices, from management to medicine.[9][10][11][12][13][14]
In recent years, the concept has been increasingly taken up in sustainability and transition research to designate and investigate the deliberate phase-out of unsustainable technologies, products, and practices, particularly in relation to energy transitions and a coal phase-out.[15][16][17]
Exnovation and innovation are interrelated: "On the one hand, exnovating products and practices creates spaces for new products and practices. On the other hand, the promise of a new product or practice helps eliminating old products and practices."[2]
See also
- Collaborative innovation network – a social construct used to describe innovative teams
- Design strategy
- Diffusion of innovations – a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures
- Frugal innovation – process of reducing the complexity and cost of a good and its production
- Ideas bank – shared resource, usually a website, where people post, exchange, discuss, and polish new ideas
- Open innovation – a paradigm that assumes that organizations can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas
- Pro-innovation bias – the belief that an innovation should be adopted by whole society without the need of its alteration
- Technology forecasting – the prediction of future characteristics of useful technological machines, procedures or techniques
- Technology scouting – a method of technology forecasting
- Nuclear power phase-out
- Coal phase-out
- Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs
- Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
References
- ↑ David, Martin; Gross, Matthias (2019). "Futurizing politics and the sustainability of real-world experiments: what role for innovation and exnovation in the German energy transition?" (in en). Sustainability Science 14 (4): 991–1000. doi:10.1007/s11625-019-00681-0. ISSN 1862-4057.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ziegler, Rafael (2023). "Exnovation". Encyclopedia of Social Innovation. ISBN 978-1-80037-334-1. https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/encyclopedia-of-social-innovation-9781800373341.html.
- ↑ "Exnovation!". http://magsonwink.com/ECMedia/MagazineFiles/MAGAZINE-11/PREVIEW-6431/Business%20&%20Economy%20October%202012-Preview.pdf.
- ↑ "Should You "Exnovate" your Product Portfolio? - Tech-Clarity" (in en-US). Tech-Clarity. 2009-08-11. http://tech-clarity.com/exnovate-product-portfolio/1350.
- ↑ "The Exnovation Conundrum" (in en). LDI. 2015-02-11. http://ldi.upenn.edu/voices/2014/04/29/the-exnovation-conundrum.
- ↑ "The Mother of all Innovations Exnovation". http://www.4psbusinessandmarketing.com/17112011/editorsdesk.asp?sid=4993&pageno=2.
- ↑ "Exnovation! -". http://www.businessandeconomy.org/30102012/storyd.asp?sid=7052&pageno=5.
- ↑ Kimberly, J.R. (1981) 'Managerial Innovation'. In Nystorm, P.C. and Starbuck, W.H. (eds) Handbook of Organizational Design. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 84–104.
- ↑ Rodriguez, H (2016). "The exnovation of chronic care management processes by physician organizations". Milbank Quarterly 94 (3): 626–53. doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12213. PMID 27620686.
- ↑ Williams, I (2011). "Organizational readiness for innovation in health care: some lessons from the recent literature". Health Serv Manage Res 24 (4): 213–8. doi:10.1258/hsmr.2011.011014. PMID 22040949.
- ↑ "Exnovation". http://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Exnovation.pdf.
- ↑ Frank, Richard G.; Glied, Sherry A. (2008-04-01) (in en). Better But Not Well: Mental Health Policy in the United States since 1950. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801889103. https://books.google.com/books?id=n4aQ00e6GtYC&q=%22Exnovation%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT50.
- ↑ "The mother of all innovations - Exnovation". http://a--sandeep.blogspot.in/2011/11/exnovation-real-innovation.html.
- ↑ "What is 'Exnovation' and Where Does it Fit in the Innovation Life Cycle? | Innovation Management" (in en-US). 22 July 2009. http://www.innovationmanagement.se/imtool-articles/what-is-exnovation-and-where-does-it-fit-in-the-innovation-life-cycle/.
- ↑ Davidson, Debra J. (2019). "Exnovating for a renewable energy transition" (in en). Nature Energy 4 (4): 254–256. doi:10.1038/s41560-019-0369-3. ISSN 2058-7546. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-019-0369-3.
- ↑ David, Martin (2017). "Moving beyond the heuristic of creative destruction: Targeting exnovation with policy mixes for energy transitions". Energy Research & Social Science 33: 138–146. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.023. ISSN 2214-6296. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221462961730302X.
- ↑ Heyen, Dirk Arne; Hermwille, Lukas; Wehnert, Timon (2017). "Out of the Comfort Zone! Governing the Exnovation of Unsustainable Technologies and Practices". GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 26 (4): 326–331. doi:10.14512/gaia.26.4.9. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/oekom/gaia/2017/00000026/00000004/art00010;jsessionid=3it0t48rdr9gl.x-ic-live-03.
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